GUI tkinter 网格管理器代码分析（二）优化前后代码对比

原代码

from tkinter import *

class GridMangerDemo:
window = Tk()
window.title("Grid Manager Demo")

message = Message(
window, text="This Message widget occupies three rows and two columns"
)
message.grid(row=1, column=1, rowspan=3, columnspan=2)
Label(window, text="First Name: ").grid(row=1, column=3)
Entry(window).grid(row=1, column=4, padx=5, pady=5)
Label(window, text="Last Name: ").grid(row=2, column=3)
Entry(window).grid(row=2, column=4)
Button(window, text="Get Name").grid(row=3, padx=5, pady=5, column=4, sticky=E)

window.mainloop()

GridMangerDemo()

import tkinter as tk # 避免导入*，减少命名冲突

class GridManagerOptimized:
# 提取布局常量，便于统一修改
PAD_X = 5
PAD_Y = 5
MSG_ROWSPAN = 3
MSG_COLSPAN = 2

def __init__(self):
# 实例级窗口，支持多实例创建
self.window = tk.Tk()
self.window.title("Grid Manager Optimized")
self._setup_layout_weights() # 设置行列权重
self._create_widgets() # 创建组件
self._layout_widgets() # 布局组件

def _setup_layout_weights(self):
"""设置行列权重，实现窗口缩放自适应"""
# 列权重：列4（Entry/Button）自适应拉伸
self.window.columnconfigure(4, weight=1)
# 行权重：行1-3均分窗口高度
for row in range(1, 4):
self.window.rowconfigure(row, weight=1)

def _create_widgets(self):
"""创建所有组件，保存为实例属性"""
# 消息组件
self.msg_label = tk.Message(
self.window,
text="This Message widget occupies three rows and two columns",
wraplength=200 # 限制消息宽度，避免文字溢出
)
# 姓名标签与输入框
self.first_name_label = tk.Label(self.window, text="First Name: ")
self.first_name_entry = tk.Entry(self.window)
self.last_name_label = tk.Label(self.window, text="Last Name: ")
self.last_name_entry = tk.Entry(self.window)
# 按钮（绑定点击事件）
self.get_name_btn = tk.Button(
self.window,
text="Get Name",
command=self._on_get_name_click # 绑定点击逻辑
)

def _layout_widgets(self):
"""统一布局所有组件，规范对齐和间距"""
# 消息组件：跨3行2列，居中对齐
self.msg_label.grid(
row=1, column=1,
rowspan=self.MSG_ROWSPAN,
columnspan=self.MSG_COLSPAN,
padx=self.PAD_X, pady=self.PAD_Y,
sticky="nsew" # 上下左右拉伸，适配单元格大小
)
# 名：标签右对齐，输入框左对齐
self.first_name_label.grid(
row=1, column=3,
padx=self.PAD_X, pady=self.PAD_Y,
sticky="e" # 右对齐
)
self.first_name_entry.grid(
row=1, column=4,
padx=self.PAD_X, pady=self.PAD_Y,
sticky="w" # 左对齐
)
# 姓：同名字段对齐规则
self.last_name_label.grid(
row=2, column=3,
padx=self.PAD_X, pady=self.PAD_Y,
sticky="e"
)
self.last_name_entry.grid(
row=2, column=4,
padx=self.PAD_X, pady=self.PAD_Y,
sticky="w"
)
# 按钮：右对齐，占据列4
self.get_name_btn.grid(
row=3, column=4,
padx=self.PAD_X, pady=self.PAD_Y,
sticky="e"
)

def _on_get_name_click(self):
"""按钮点击事件：获取并打印姓名"""
first_name = self.first_name_entry.get().strip()
last_name = self.last_name_entry.get().strip()
print(f"Full Name: {first_name} {last_name}")
# 可选：弹窗展示结果
tk.messagebox.showinfo("Result", f"Full Name: {first_name} {last_name}")

def run(self):
"""启动主循环"""
self.window.mainloop()

if __name__ == "__main__":
app = GridManagerOptimized()
app.run()