第31篇-Go实现MCP-Server-暴露Agent能力为标准服务

【AI Agent 与 Super Agent 构建实战】第 31 篇：Go 实现 MCP Server — 暴露 Agent 能力为标准服务

本系列定位：用 Go 语言从零构建各类 AI Agent，覆盖 ReAct、Plan-and-Execute、Multi-Agent、Super Agent 等核心设计模式的完整工程实现。

本篇你将学到

• 用 Go 从零实现 MCP Server（JSON-RPC 2.0 over stdio）
• Tool 注册为 MCP Tool 的完整映射
• Resource 暴露与 Prompts 模板定义
• AgentForge 作为 MCP Server 运行

学完本篇，AgentForge 将能作为标准 MCP Server 对外服务——任何 MCP 兼容客户端（包括其他 Agent 框架）都能连接并使用你定义的工具。

一、MCP Server 架构

1.1 Server 内部结构

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注册的原语

MCP Server

stdin/stdout

Transport 层stdio / HTTP+SSE

JSON-RPC 路由方法分发

方法处理器

Tool 注册表

Resource 注册表

Prompt 注册表

MCP Client

1.2 JSON-RPC 消息处理流

Handler

Router

Transport (stdio)

Client

Handler

Router

Transport (stdio)

Client

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写入 JSON-RPC 请求到 stdin

按行读取 + JSON 反序列化

路由到对应方法

dispatch(method, params)

执行业务逻辑

返回 result

包装 JSON-RPC response

写入 stdout

二、核心类型定义

2.1 JSON-RPC 消息类型

// internal/mcp/types.go
package mcp

import "encoding/json"

// JSONRPCMessage JSON-RPC 2.0 消息
type JSONRPCMessage struct {
JSONRPC string `json:"jsonrpc"`
ID json.RawMessage `json:"id,omitempty"`
Method string `json:"method,omitempty"`
Params json.RawMessage `json:"params,omitempty"`
Result json.RawMessage `json:"result,omitempty"`
Error *RPCError `json:"error,omitempty"`
}

// RPCError JSON-RPC 错误
type RPCError struct {
Code int `json:"code"`
Message string `json:"message"`
Data interface{} `json:"data,omitempty"`
}

// 标准错误码
const (
ErrParseError = –32700
ErrInvalidRequest = –32600
ErrMethodNotFound = –32601
ErrInvalidParams = –32602
ErrInternal = –32603
)

// Tool MCP 工具定义
type Tool struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Description string `json:"description"`
InputSchema json.RawMessage `json:"inputSchema"`
}

// Resource MCP 资源定义
type Resource struct {
URI string `json:"uri"`
Name string `json:"name"`
Description string `json:"description"`
MimeType string `json:"mimeType,omitempty"`
}

// Prompt MCP 提示模板定义
type Prompt struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Description string `json:"description"`
Arguments []PromptArg `json:"arguments,omitempty"`
}

// PromptArg 提示模板参数
type PromptArg struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Description string `json:"description"`
Required bool `json:"required"`
}

// CallToolResult 工具调用结果
type CallToolResult struct {
Content []ContentBlock `json:"content"`
IsError bool `json:"isError,omitempty"`
}

// ContentBlock 内容块
type ContentBlock struct {
Type string `json:"type"` // text / image / resource
Text string `json:"text,omitempty"`
}

三、Server 核心实现

3.1 Server 结构

// internal/mcp/server.go
package mcp

import (
"bufio"
"context"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"os"
"sync"
)

// ServerInfo Server 元信息
type ServerInfo struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Version string `json:"version"`
}

// ServerCapabilities Server 能力声明
type ServerCapabilities struct {
Tools bool `json:"tools,omitempty"`
Resources bool `json:"resources,omitempty"`
Prompts bool `json:"prompts,omitempty"`
}

// MCPServer MCP Server
type MCPServer struct {
info ServerInfo
capabilities ServerCapabilities

tools map[string]*ToolHandler
resources map[string]*ResourceHandler
prompts map[string]*PromptHandler

mu sync.RWMutex
reader *bufio.Reader
writer io.Writer
initialized bool
}

// ToolHandler 工具处理器
type ToolHandler struct {
Tool Tool
Execute func(args map[string]interface{}) (string, error)
}

// ResourceHandler 资源处理器
type ResourceHandler struct {
Resource Resource
Read func(uri string) (string, error)
}

// PromptHandler 提示处理器
type PromptHandler struct {
Prompt Prompt
Render func(args map[string]string) (string, error)
}

// NewMCPServer 创建 Server
func NewMCPServer(name, version string) *MCPServer {
return &MCPServer{
info: ServerInfo{Name: name, Version: version},
capabilities: ServerCapabilities{
Tools: true,
Resources: true,
Prompts: true,
},
tools: make(map[string]*ToolHandler),
resources: make(map[string]*ResourceHandler),
prompts: make(map[string]*PromptHandler),
reader: bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin),
writer: os.Stdout,
}
}

3.2 注册方法

// RegisterTool 注册工具
func (s *MCPServer) RegisterTool(name, description string, schema json.RawMessage, execute func(map[string]interface{}) (string, error)) {
s.mu.Lock()
defer s.mu.Unlock()

s.tools[name] = &ToolHandler{
Tool: Tool{
Name: name,
Description: description,
InputSchema: schema,
},
Execute: execute,
}
}

// RegisterResource 注册资源
func (s *MCPServer) RegisterResource(uri, name, description, mimeType string, read func(string) (string, error)) {
s.mu.Lock()
defer s.mu.Unlock()

s.resources[uri] = &ResourceHandler{
Resource: Resource{
URI: uri,
Name: name,
Description: description,
MimeType: mimeType,
},
Read: read,
}
}

// RegisterPrompt 注册提示模板
func (s *MCPServer) RegisterPrompt(name, description string, args []PromptArg, render func(map[string]string) (string, error)) {
s.mu.Lock()
defer s.mu.Unlock()

s.prompts[name] = &PromptHandler{
Prompt: Prompt{
Name: name,
Description: description,
Arguments: args,
},
Render: render,
}
}

3.3 消息处理循环

// Serve 启动 Server，监听 stdin
func (s *MCPServer) Serve(ctx context.Context) error {
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(s.reader)
// 增大缓冲区以支持长消息
scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, 1024*1024), 1024*1024)

for scanner.Scan() {
line := scanner.Bytes()
if len(line) == 0 {
continue
}

var msg JSONRPCMessage
if err := json.Unmarshal(line, &msg); err != nil {
s.sendError(nil, ErrParseError, "JSON 解析失败: "+err.Error())
continue
}

// 分发到对应处理器
s.handleMessage(ctx, &msg)
}

return scanner.Err()
}

// handleMessage 消息分发
func (s *MCPServer) handleMessage(ctx context.Context, msg *JSONRPCMessage) {
switch msg.Method {
case "initialize":
s.handleInitialize(msg)
case "initialized":
s.initialized = true
case "tools/list":
s.handleToolsList(msg)
case "tools/call":
s.handleToolsCall(msg)
case "resources/list":
s.handleResourcesList(msg)
case "resources/read":
s.handleResourcesRead(msg)
case "prompts/list":
s.handlePromptsList(msg)
case "prompts/get":
s.handlePromptsGet(msg)
default:
s.sendError(msg.ID, ErrMethodNotFound, "未知方法: "+msg.Method)
}
}

3.4 核心方法实现

// handleInitialize 处理握手
func (s *MCPServer) handleInitialize(msg *JSONRPCMessage) {
result := map[string]interface{}{
"protocolVersion": "2024-11-05",
"capabilities": map[string]interface{}{
"tools": map[string]bool{"listChanged": true},
"resources": map[string]bool{"listChanged": true},
"prompts": map[string]bool{"listChanged": true},
},
"serverInfo": s.info,
}
s.sendResult(msg.ID, result)
}

// handleToolsList 列出所有工具
func (s *MCPServer) handleToolsList(msg *JSONRPCMessage) {
s.mu.RLock()
defer s.mu.RUnlock()

var tools []Tool
for _, handler := range s.tools {
tools = append(tools, handler.Tool)
}

s.sendResult(msg.ID, map[string]interface{}{
"tools": tools,
})
}

// handleToolsCall 执行工具调用
func (s *MCPServer) handleToolsCall(msg *JSONRPCMessage) {
var params struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Arguments map[string]interface{} `json:"arguments"`
}
if err := json.Unmarshal(msg.Params, &params); err != nil {
s.sendError(msg.ID, ErrInvalidParams, "参数解析失败")
return
}

s.mu.RLock()
handler, ok := s.tools[params.Name]
s.mu.RUnlock()

if !ok {
s.sendError(msg.ID, ErrMethodNotFound, fmt.Sprintf("工具不存在: %s", params.Name))
return
}

// 执行工具
result, err := handler.Execute(params.Arguments)
if err != nil {
s.sendResult(msg.ID, CallToolResult{
Content: []ContentBlock{{Type: "text", Text: fmt.Sprintf("错误: %v", err)}},
IsError: true,
})
return
}

s.sendResult(msg.ID, CallToolResult{
Content: []ContentBlock{{Type: "text", Text: result}},
})
}

// sendResult 发送成功响应
func (s *MCPServer) sendResult(id json.RawMessage, result interface{}) {
resultJSON, _ := json.Marshal(result)
resp := JSONRPCMessage{
JSONRPC: "2.0",
ID: id,
Result: resultJSON,
}
s.send(resp)
}

// sendError 发送错误响应
func (s *MCPServer) sendError(id json.RawMessage, code int, message string) {
resp := JSONRPCMessage{
JSONRPC: "2.0",
ID: id,
Error: &RPCError{Code: code, Message: message},
}
s.send(resp)
}

// send 写入 stdout
func (s *MCPServer) send(msg JSONRPCMessage) {
data, _ := json.Marshal(msg)
fmt.Fprintln(s.writer, string(data))
}

四、注册 AgentForge 工具为 MCP Tools

4.1 创建 AgentForge MCP Server

// cmd/mcp_server.go
package cmd

import (
"context"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"os/exec"
"strings"
"time"

"github.com/yourname/agentforge/internal/mcp"
)

func startMCPServer() {
server := mcp.NewMCPServer("agentforge", "0.6.0")

// === 注册 Tools ===

// 天气工具
weatherSchema := json.RawMessage(`{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"city": {"type": "string", "description": "城市名称"}
},
"required": ["city"]
}`)

server.RegisterTool("get_weather", "查询城市天气", weatherSchema,
func(args map[string]interface{}) (string, error) {
city := args["city"].(string)
return fmt.Sprintf("%s: 28°C, 晴", city), nil
},
)

// 计算工具
calcSchema := json.RawMessage(`{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"expression": {"type": "string", "description": "数学表达式"}
},
"required": ["expression"]
}`)

server.RegisterTool("calculate", "数学计算", calcSchema,
func(args map[string]interface{}) (string, error) {
expr := args["expression"].(string)
return fmt.Sprintf("%s = 42（示例结果）", expr), nil
},
)

// 代码执行工具（沙箱）
execSchema := json.RawMessage(`{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"language": {"type": "string", "enum": ["go", "python"]},
"code": {"type": "string", "description": "要执行的代码"}
},
"required": ["language", "code"]
}`)

server.RegisterTool("execute_code", "在沙箱中执行代码", execSchema,
func(args map[string]interface{}) (string, error) {
lang := args["language"].(string)
code := args["code"].(string)
return executeInSandbox(lang, code)
},
)

// === 注册 Resources ===

server.RegisterResource(
"agentforge://config",
"AgentForge 配置",
"当前 AgentForge 的配置信息",
"application/json",
func(uri string) (string, error) {
return `{"version": "0.6.0", "provider": "ollama", "model": "qwen2.5:14b"}`, nil
},
)

server.RegisterResource(
"agentforge://tools",
"已注册工具列表",
"AgentForge 所有已注册工具的元信息",
"application/json",
func(uri string) (string, error) {
tools := server.ListToolNames()
return fmt.Sprintf(`{"tools": %v}`, tools), nil
},
)

// === 注册 Prompts ===

server.RegisterPrompt(
"code_review",
"代码审查模板",
[]mcp.PromptArg{
{Name: "language", Description: "编程语言", Required: true},
{Name: "code", Description: "待审查代码", Required: true},
{Name: "focus", Description: "审查重点（安全/性能/可读性）", Required: false},
},
func(args map[string]string) (string, error) {
focus := args["focus"]
if focus == "" {
focus = "综合"
}
return fmt.Sprintf(`请审查以下 %s 代码，重点关注 %s。

代码:
%s

请给出:
1. 潜在问题（按严重程度排序）
2. 改进建议
3. 总体评分（1-10）`, args["language"], focus, args["code"]), nil
},
)

// 启动
ctx := context.Background()
server.Serve(ctx)
}

// executeInSandbox 沙箱执行（简化版）
func executeInSandbox(lang, code string) (string, error) {
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
defer cancel()

var cmd *exec.Cmd
switch lang {
case "go":
cmd = exec.CommandContext(ctx, "go", "run", "-")
cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader(code)
case "python":
cmd = exec.CommandContext(ctx, "python3", "-c", code)
default:
return "", fmt.Errorf("不支持的语言: %s", lang)
}

output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
if err != nil {
return string(output), fmt.Errorf("执行失败: %w", err)
}
return string(output), nil
}

4.2 启动 Server

# AgentForge 作为 MCP Server 运行
$ go run main.go mcp-server

# 等待 MCP Client 通过 stdin 连接
# 所有日志输出到 stderr（stdout 专用于 JSON-RPC）

五、MCP Server 验证

5.1 手动测试

# 用 echo 模拟 Client 发送请求
echo '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"initialize","params":{}}' | go run main.go mcp-server

# 响应:
# {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":{"protocolVersion":"2024-11-05","capabilities":{"tools":{"listChanged":true},…},"serverInfo":{"name":"agentforge","version":"0.6.0"}}}

echo '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"method":"tools/list","params":{}}' | go run main.go mcp-server

# 响应:
# {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"result":{"tools":[{"name":"get_weather","description":"查询城市天气",…},…]}}

echo '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":3,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"get_weather","arguments":{"city":"北京"}}}' | go run main.go mcp-server

# 响应:
# {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":3,"result":{"content":[{"type":"text","text":"北京: 28°C, 晴"}],"isError":false}}

5.2 交互全景

工具执行

AgentForge MCP Server

测试终端

工具执行

AgentForge MCP Server

测试终端

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initialize

能力声明 + ServerInfo

tools/list

[get_weather, calculate, execute_code]

tools/call (get_weather, {city:北京})

执行 get_weather("北京")

"28°C, 晴"

CallToolResult

resources/read (agentforge://config)

配置 JSON

prompts/get (code_review, {language:Go,…})

渲染后的审查 Prompt

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