Linux yum 命令4757

Linux yum 命令

yum（ Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在 Fedora 和 RedHat 以及 SUSE 中的 Shell 前端软件包管理器。

基于 RPM 包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载 RPM 包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。

yum 提供了查找、安装、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令，而且命令简洁而又好记。

yum 语法

yum [options] [command] [package …]

• options：可选，选项包括-h（帮助），-y（当安装过程提示选择全部为 "yes"），-q（不显示安装的过程）等等。
• command：要进行的操作。
• package：安装的包名。

yum常用命令

• 1. 列出所有可更新的软件清单命令：yum check-update

• 2. 更新所有软件命令：yum update

• 3. 仅安装指定的软件命令：yum install <package_name>

• 4. 仅更新指定的软件命令：yum update <package_name>

• 5. 列出所有可安裝的软件清单命令：yum list

• 6. 删除软件包命令：yum remove <package_name>

• 7. 查找软件包命令：yum search <keyword>

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• 8. 清除缓存命令:

  • yum clean packages: 清除缓存目录下的软件包
  • yum clean headers: 清除缓存目录下的 headers
  • yum clean oldheaders: 清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
  • yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) :清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的 headers

实例 1

安装 pam-devel

[root@www ~]# yum install pam-devel
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies <==先检查软件的属性相依问题
–> Running transaction check
—> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
–> Processing Dependency: pam = 0.99.6.2-4.el5 for package: pam-devel
–> Running transaction check
—> Package pam.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
filelists.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 1.6 MB 00:05
filelists.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 138 kB 00:00
-> Finished Dependency Resolution
……(省略)

实例 2

移除 pam-devel

[root@www ~]# yum remove pam-devel
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies <==同样的，先解决属性相依的问题
–> Running transaction check
—> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be erased
–> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================
Removing:
pam-devel i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 installed 495 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 0 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 1 Package(s) <==还好，并没有属性相依的问题，单纯移除一个软件

Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Erasing : pam-devel ######################### [1/1]

Removed: pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5
Complete!

实例 3

利用 yum 的功能，找出以 pam 为开头的软件名称有哪些？

[root@www ~]# yum list pam*
Installed Packages
pam.i386 0.99.6.2-3.27.el5 installed
pam_ccreds.i386 3-5 installed
pam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-1 installed
pam_passwdqc.i386 1.0.2-1.2.2 installed
pam_pkcs11.i386 0.5.3-23 installed
pam_smb.i386 1.1.7-7.2.1 installed
Available Packages <==底下则是『可升级』的或『未安装』的
pam.i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 base
pam-devel.i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 base
pam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-10 base

国内 yum 源

网易（163）yum 源是国内较好的 yum 源之一 ，无论是速度还是软件版本，都非常的不错。

将yum源设置为163 yum，可以提升软件包安装和更新的速度，同时避免一些常见软件版本无法找到。

安装步骤

首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo