英语翻译知识点总结（持续更新~）

目录

一.词语翻译

1.一词多义

2.词性转换

3.增词

4.减词

二.句子翻译

1.语序调整

2.定语从句

3.句子成分转换

4.句式转换

来自以下视频总结：

6翻译_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

一.词语翻译

1.一词多义

We should work together to address global challenges such as climate change, nuclear proliferation and sustaining the world's economic recovery.

我们应该共同努力应对诸如气候变化、核扩散以及维持世界经济复苏等全球性挑战。

关于一词多义的词汇，平时背单词的时候可以多留意，不过基本也可以靠语境直接推测出来。以下是一些一词多义的相关总结（百度网盘）：

链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1RAEa5UAHlaivt40L97AhEw 提取码: rxvj

2.词性转换

1.I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.

我非常感激父亲，因为在我小时候他总是不断地鼓励我。

2.He wrote down his own name on the wall with his finger.

他用手指在墙上写下了自己的名字。

3.The performance is on.

演出已经开始了。

3.增词

添加一些词，使得原文意思更加通畅。

1.I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own.

原来我以为这不过是一种亲昵的表示，但是现在看来，这是为了闻一闻羊羔的味道，来断定是不是自己生的。

2.班门弄斧

Show off one's proficiency with the axe before Luban, the master carpenter.

3.她喜欢指出别人的缺点，但用意是好的。

She likes to point out other people's shortcomings, but she means well.

4.减词

对于一些重复的表达，可以省略。

1.As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace.

大学如今已成为提高国家竞争力（的工具）与维护和平的工具，这在大学的历史上是前所未有的。

2.她连续讲了两个小时的法语，没有出现任何错误。

She has been talking in French for two hours without (making) any mistakes.

二.句子翻译

1.语序调整

1.This summer has seen one of the weather-related extremes in Russia, Pakistan, China, Europe, the Arctic—you name it.

在俄罗斯、巴基斯坦、中国、欧洲和北极，凡是你能想到的地方，这个夏天极端天气都在肆虐。(地点状语前置)

2.The British are famous for inventions that have changed the world. 英国人以改变世界的众多发明而闻名。(定语从句作前置定语)

3.在过去几十年的改革开放中，中国已经成为世界上经济增长最快的国家之一。

China has been one of the fastest growing economies in the world over the past few decades since its reform and opening-up.(句首的时间状语移至句尾)

2.定语从句

（1）前置法

翻译时，把定语从句放到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用"的"来连接。

1.He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.

没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。

2.Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.

太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。

3.His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。

（2）后置法

翻译时，把定语从句放在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译成一个句子，对先行词作进一步的解释说明。英语中的从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译时把它放在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无法叙述清楚。翻译时可以用两种方法来处理：

1.China and Japan reached agreement on the issue of agriculture which was a major barrier for their bilateral relation since 1996.

中日两国最终就农业问题达成了协议，而农业问题自1996年起就是两国关系发展的主要障碍。

2.They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. 他们制定出一套新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。

3.句子成分转换

1.These circumstances make it difficult to find site on which to carry out experiment. 由于环境条件所限，难以找到进行实验的场所。(主语转换为状语) 2.你的工作取得了很大的成绩，但不能因此而骄傲自满。

You have made good progress in your work, but you should not get conceited and arrogant.(原句主语转换为介词短语作状语，原句定语转换为译文主语)

4.句式转换

（1）被动语态与主动语态的转换

1.As we know, early fires on the earth were caused by nature.

众所周知，地球上早期的火是由大自然引起的。

2.Measures were taken to control air pollution.

人们采取了措施来控制空气污染。

3.It's said that someone had told the old man the bad news. 据说有人已经给老人说了这个坏消息。

补充：

It's reported that…：据报道…… It's considered that…：大家认为…… It's well known that…：众所周知…… It's supposed that…：据推测…… It can be seen from that…：由此可见…… It must be admitted that…：必须承认…… It must be pointed out that…：必须指出……

（2）正反译法

由于语言习惯不同，汉英两种语言在正说与反说方面也常常不同。原文中正说的句子进行翻译时可能不得不处理成反说，也可能处理成正说反说均可，只是处理成反说更好一些。反之亦然。

1.I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task.

我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的。

2.Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?

你知道她为什么老不愿意见到你?

3.她光着脚走进了房间。

She came into the room with no shoes on.