Redislist现代C++实践指南

好的，我将为您详细解析 Redis list 的现代 C++ 实践，使用 redis-plus-plus 库。内容结构如下：

一、Redis list 核心特性

二、redis-plus-plus 基础操作

#include <sw/redis++/redis++.h>
using namespace sw::redis;

auto redis = Redis("tcp://127.0.0.1:6379");

// 右端插入元素
redis.rpush("user:100:notifications", "New message");

// 左端弹出元素
auto msg = redis.lpop("user:100:notifications");
if (msg) { // Optional 类型
std::cout << *msg << std::endl;
}

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三、高性能实践

1. 管道操作（Pipeline）

auto pipe = redis.pipeline();
pipe.lpush("queue", "task1");
pipe.lpush("queue", "task2");
pipe.exec(); // 单次网络往返

2. 批量操作

std::vector<std::string> tasks{"task3", "task4", "task5"};
redis.rpush("queue", tasks.begin(), tasks.end());

3. 范围查询优化

// 避免大范围查询
auto messages = redis.lrange("chatlog", 0, 10); // 仅获取最新11条

四、高级场景实现

1. 滑动窗口限流

// 添加请求时间戳
redis.lpush("rate_limit:user100", std::to_string(std::time(nullptr)));
redis.ltrim("rate_limit:user100", 0, 9); // 保留最近10次
auto count = redis.llen("rate_limit:user100"); // 检查请求次数

2. 循环队列

while (true) {
auto item = redis.brpop("queue", 30); // 阻塞30秒
if (item) {
process(*item);
}
}

五、内存与性能优化

六、错误处理

try {
redis.lpush("queue", data);
} catch (const Error &e) {
std::cerr << "Redis error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
}

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七、现代 C++ 特性应用

// 使用 std::optional 处理空值
if (auto data = redis.lpop("queue"); data) {
handle(*data);
}

// 协程支持（需 C++20）
co_await async_lpush(redis, "queue", "task");

通过上述实践，您可充分利用 Redis list 的高效特性与 redis-plus-plus 的现代 C++ 设计，构建高性能分布式系统。建议根据业务场景配合 LTRIM 控制内存增长，并通过连接池提升并发能力。