常见的性能指标（吞吐量、延迟、响应时间等）

Java性能优化实战技术文章大纲

性能优化的基础概念

• 性能优化的定义与重要性
• 常见的性能指标（吞吐量、延迟、响应时间等）
• 性能优化的基本原则（测量、分析、优化、验证）

JVM调优

• 堆内存与垃圾回收机制
• 选择合适的垃圾回收器（G1、CMS、ZGC等）
• JVM参数调优（-Xms、-Xmx、-XX:NewRatio等）
• 内存泄漏的检测与解决

代码层面的优化

• 避免不必要的对象创建
• 使用高效的数据结构（ArrayList vs LinkedList）
• 字符串操作的优化（StringBuilder vs String）
• 循环与条件语句的性能优化

多线程与并发优化

• 线程池的合理配置（核心线程数、队列类型）
• 锁优化（减少锁粒度、使用读写锁）
• 避免死锁与线程竞争
• 使用并发工具类（ConcurrentHashMap、CountDownLatch等）

数据库与IO优化

• SQL查询优化（索引、分页、JOIN优化）
• 连接池配置（HikariCP、Druid）
• 批量操作与事务优化
• NIO与异步IO的使用

缓存技术

• 本地缓存（Caffeine、Guava Cache）
• 分布式缓存（Redis、Memcached）
• 缓存策略（过期、LRU、写穿透）
• 缓存一致性问题

工具与监控

• 性能分析工具（JProfiler、VisualVM）
• 日志与监控（Prometheus、Grafana）
• 基准测试（JMH）
• 线上问题排查技巧

实战案例

• 高并发场景下的优化实践
• 内存泄漏问题的排查与修复
• 数据库查询慢的优化案例
• 系统响应时间从毫秒到微秒的优化

总结与展望

• 性能优化的持续性与长期价值
• 新技术对性能优化的影响（GraalVM、AOT编译）
• 推荐的学习资源与工具
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