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企业园区网络设计与实现

企业园区网络设计与实现

A.项目描述与需求

某公司 聘请你为其位于克拉科夫的新总部搭建一个 LAN。以下是在新楼宇中部署该网络的需求。
1.使用 Cisco Packet Tracer 实现该解决方案。
2.公司分配的网络地址为 192.168.1.0/20
3.这栋 4 层楼的每一层都有不同部门办公。每个部门将划分到不同的 VLAN 和不同的子网。
4.三楼将部署一个无线接入点,最多可接入 1000 台设备。各楼层和部门的详细信息如下。
1 层:
行政与人力资源部:需要 90 台设备
销售与市场部:需要 200 台设备

2 层:
财务部:需要 80 台设备
公共关系部:需要 100 台设备

3 层:
IT 与通信部:需要 200 台设备
无线接入点:最多应连接 1000 台设备

4 层:
服务器机房:需要 20 台设备

5.应部署一台连接到 ISP 的核心路由器,并将两台三层交换机连接到该核心路由器。
核心路由器与 ISP 之间的网络地址:193.168.16.0/30
三层交换机 S1 与核心路由器之间的网络地址:192.168.19.164/30
三层交换机 S2 与核心路由器之间的网络地址:192.168.19.168/30

6.所有部门的设备都需要通过对应三层交换机上配置的 VLAN 间路由实现相互通信。
7.三层交换机应同时承担路由转发和二层交换功能。
8.网络中的所有终端设备应从位于服务器机房的 DHCP 服务器动态获取 IP 地址。
9.服务器机房中的设备应采用静态方式分配 IP 地址。
10.使用 OSPF 作为路由协议,在路由器与三层交换机之间通告路由。
11.在核心路由器上配置 NAT

B.子网划分

基础网络:192.168.16.0/20
11000000.10101000.00010000.00000000 / 11111111.11111111.1111 0000.00000000

行政与人力资源部
网络地址:192.168.16.0/25
广播地址:192.168.16.127
所需设备数:90
为主机分配的可用 IP 地址数:126

财务部
网络地址:192.168.16.128/25
广播地址:192.168.16.255
所需设备数:90
为主机分配的可用 IP 地址数:126

销售与市场部
网络地址:192.168.17.0/24
广播地址:192.168.17.255
所需设备数:200
为主机分配的可用 IP 地址数:254

IT 与通信部
网络地址:192.168.18.0/24
广播地址:192.168.18.255
所需设备数:200
为主机分配的可用 IP 地址数:254

公共关系部
网络地址:192.168.19.0/25
广播地址:192.168.19.127
所需设备数:90
为主机分配的可用 IP 地址数:126

服务器机房
网络地址:192.168.19.128/27
广播地址:192.168.19.159
所需设备数:20
为主机分配的可用 IP 地址数:30

无线网络信息
网络地址:192.168.20.0/22
广播地址:192.168.23.255
所需设备数:1000
为主机分配的可用 IP 地址数:1022

C.网络拓扑
路由器和三层交换机均使用 OSPF 作为路由协议。
核心路由器上已配置 NAT
三层交换机已配置 VLAN 间路由。
三层交换机与 2960 型号交换机之间的端口已配置为 trunk 端口。
2960 型号交换机与终端设备之间的端口已配置为 access 端口。
无线接入点采用 WPA2PSK 认证并设置了密码。由于公共关系部的智能手机未输入正确密码,因此未连接到无线网络。

拓扑结构概览

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Web Server外网服务区

ISP Router2911

ASA-FirewallASA 5505

CORE-Router2911OSPF + NAT

MLS13650-24PSVLAN10/40/60/70

MLS23650-24PSVLAN20/50/80

SW10 / Switch10VLAN10

SW40 / Switch40VLAN40

SW60 / Switch60VLAN60

SW70 / Switch70VLAN70

SW20 / Switch20VLAN20

SW50 / Switch50VLAN50

SW80 / Switch80VLAN80

PC10-1

PC40-1

PC60-1

DNS Server

DHCP Server

PC20-1

PC50-1

Access Point0

MLS1设计:

链路A 端B 端网段
Core – MLS1 Core G0/1 192.168.19.166/30 MLS1 G1/0/5 192.168.19.165/30 192.168.19.164/30
连线
连线
设备 A端口 A设备 B端口 B线缆类型
Switch10 FastEthernet0/1 PC10-1 FastEthernet0 eStraightThrough
Switch40 FastEthernet0/1 PC40-1 FastEthernet0 eStraightThrough
Switch60 FastEthernet0/1 PC60-1 FastEthernet0 eStraightThrough
Switch70 FastEthernet0/1 DNS Server FastEthernet0 eStraightThrough
Switch70 FastEthernet0/2 DHCP Server FastEthernet0 eStraightThrough
Switch10 GigabitEthernet0/1 MLS1 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 eCrossOver
Switch40 GigabitEthernet0/1 MLS1 GigabitEthernet1/0/2 eCrossOver
Switch60 GigabitEthernet0/1 MLS1 GigabitEthernet1/0/3 eCrossOver
Switch70 GigabitEthernet0/1 MLS1 GigabitEthernet1/0/4 eCrossOver
Core Router GigabitEthernet0/1 MLS1 GigabitEthernet1/0/5 eStraightThrough
MLS1中VLAN 与地址规划
VLAN名称/部门网段默认网关网关所在设备
10 Administration-HR 192.168.16.0/25 192.168.16.1 MLS1 Vlan10
40 Sales-Marketing 192.168.17.0/24 192.168.17.1 MLS1 Vlan40
60 IT-Communication 192.168.18.0/24 192.168.18.1 MLS1 Vlan60
70 Server-Room 192.168.19.128/27 192.168.19.129 MLS1 Vlan70

MLS1拓扑图

在这里插入图片描述

MLS1中二层交换机代码

例如 SW10 是行政与人力资源部交换机,PC 接口属于 VLAN 10
enable
configure terminal
vlan 10
name ADMIN_HR
! PC 所接的端口
interface fastEthernet 0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 10
spanningtree portfast
! 上联到 MLS1 的端口
interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 10
end
write memory

例如 SW40 是销售与市场,PC 接口属于 VLAN 40
enable
configure terminal
vlan 40
name SALES_MARKETING
! PC 所接的端口
interface fastEthernet 0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 40
spanningtree portfast
! 上联到 MLS1 的端口
interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 40
end
write memory

例如 SW60IT 与通信部,PC 接口属于 VLAN 60
enable
configure terminal
vlan 60
name IT_COMMUNICATIONS
! PC 所接的端口
interface fastEthernet 0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 60
spanningtree portfast
! 上联到 MLS1 的端口
interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 60
end
write memory

例如 SW70 是服务器机房,PC 接口属于 VLAN70

enable
configure terminal
vlan 70
name SERVER_ROOM
! PC 所接的端口
interface fastEthernet 0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 70
spanningtree portfast
! 上联到 MLS1 的端口
interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 70
end
write memory

MLS1(三层交换机 1)配置

MLS1(三层交换机) 的正确核心配置:它负责创建 VLAN 10406070,并作为这些 VLAN 的默认网关。
enable
configure terminal
! 开启三层交换和 VLAN 间路由
ip routing
! 创建 VLAN
vlan 10
name ADMIN_HR
vlan 40
name SALES_MARKETING
vlan 60
name IT_COMMUNICATIONS
vlan 70
name SERVER_ROOM
! VLAN 10:行政与人力资源部
interface vlan 10
ip address 192.168.16.1 255.255.255.128
no shutdown
! VLAN 40:销售与市场部
interface vlan 40
ip address 192.168.17.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
! VLAN 60IT 与通信部
interface vlan 60
ip address 192.168.18.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
! VLAN 70:服务器机房
interface vlan 70
ip address 192.168.19.129 255.255.255.224
no shutdown
end
write memory
MLS1(三层交换机)上,把连接各二层交换机的物理接口设置为 Trunk。
enable
configure terminal

! 连接 SW10:只传递 VLAN 10
interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/1
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 10
exit

! 连接 SW40:只传递 VLAN 40
interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/2
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 40
exit

! 连接 SW60:只传递 VLAN 60
interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/3
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 60
exit

! 连接 SW70:只传递 VLAN 70
interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/4
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 70
exit

end
write memory
MLS1(三层交换机)上,把连接CoreRouter的物理接口设置ip地址
enable
configure terminal

! 连接 Core Router G0/1 的三层路由端口
interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/5
description TO_CORE_ROUTER_G0/1
no switchport
ip address 192.168.19.165 255.255.255.252
no shutdown

end
write memory
MLS1(三层交换机)上,建立OSPF
enable
configure terminal

router ospf 1
routerid 2.2.2.2

! Core ↔ MLS1 三层互联链路
network 192.168.19.164 0.0.0.3 area 0

! VLAN 10:行政与人力资源
network 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.127 area 0

! VLAN 40:销售与市场
network 192.168.17.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

! VLAN 60IT 与通信
network 192.168.18.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

! VLAN 70:服务器机房
network 192.168.19.128 0.0.0.31 area 0

end
write memory

在MLS1确认配置生效:

下面确认二层交换机的配置:
1.show vlan brief:简要显示 VLAN 信息
VLAN Name Status Ports

1 default active Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5
Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21
Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig0/2
10 ADMIN_HR active Fa0/1

2.show interfaces trunk:查看本交换机上哪些端口正在作为 Trunk 端口运行,以及每个 Trunk 端口允许传递哪些 VLAN
Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan
Gig0/1 on 802.1q trunking 1
Port Vlans allowed on trunk
Gig0/1 10
Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Gig0/1 10
Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Gig0/1 10
3.show interfaces status:简要查看交换机所有物理端口当前的连接状态。
4.show interfaces trunk:查看本交换机上哪些端口正在作为 Trunk 端口运行,以及每个 Trunk 端口允许传递哪些 VLAN

下面确认三层交换机的配置:
1.show runningconfig:ip routing、VLANSVIOSPF 是否写入
2.show vlan brief
VLAN Name Status Ports

1 default active Gig1/0/6, Gig1/0/7, Gig1/0/8, Gig1/0/9
Gig1/0/10, Gig1/0/11, Gig1/0/12, Gig1/0/13
Gig1/0/14, Gig1/0/15, Gig1/0/16, Gig1/0/17
Gig1/0/18, Gig1/0/19, Gig1/0/20, Gig1/0/21
Gig1/0/22, Gig1/0/23, Gig1/0/24, Gig1/1/1
Gig1/1/2, Gig1/1/3, Gig1/1/4
10 ADMIN_HR active
40 SALES_MARKETING active
60 IT_COMMUNICATIONS active
70 SERVER_ROOM active
3.show interfaces trunk:上联 SW10/SW40/SW60/SW70 是否成为 Trunk
Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan
Gig1/0/1 on 802.1q trunking 1
Gig1/0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1
Gig1/0/3 on 802.1q trunking 1
Gig1/0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk
Gig1/0/1 10
Gig1/0/2 40
Gig1/0/3 60
Gig1/0/4 70

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Gig1/0/1 10
Gig1/0/2 40
Gig1/0/3 60
Gig1/0/4 70

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Gig1/0/1 10
Gig1/0/2 40
Gig1/0/3 60
Gig1/0/4 70
4.show ip interface brief:四个 VLAN 网关是否启用,Core 链路是否启用
Interface IPAddress OK? Method Status Protocol
GigabitEthernet1/0/1 unassigned YES unset up up
GigabitEthernet1/0/2 unassigned YES unset up up
GigabitEthernet1/0/3 unassigned YES unset up up
GigabitEthernet1/0/4 unassigned YES unset up up
GigabitEthernet1/0/5 192.168.19.165 YES manual up up
Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Vlan10 192.168.16.1 YES manual up up
Vlan40 192.168.17.1 YES manual up up
Vlan60 192.168.18.1 YES manual up up
Vlan70 192.168.19.129 YES manual up up
5.show interfaces gigabitEthernet 1/0/5 switchport:Gi1/0/5 是否已变成三层路由口
Name: Gig1/0/5
Switchport: Disabled
6.show ip route:本地路由是否存在
Codes: C connected, S static, I IGRP, R RIP, M mobile, B BGP
D EIGRP, EX EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA OSPF inter area
N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 OSPF external type 1, E2 OSPF external type 2, E EGP
i ISIS, L1 ISIS level1, L2 ISIS level2, ia ISIS inter area
* candidate default, U peruser static route, o ODR
P periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.19.166 to network 0.0.0.0

192.168.16.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.16.0/25 is directly connected, Vlan10
L 192.168.16.1/32 is directly connected, Vlan10
O 192.168.16.128/25 [110/3] via 192.168.19.166, 01:04:09, GigabitEthernet1/0/5
192.168.17.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.17.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan40
L 192.168.17.1/32 is directly connected, Vlan40
192.168.18.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.18.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan60
L 192.168.18.1/32 is directly connected, Vlan60
192.168.19.0/24 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 4 masks
O 192.168.19.0/25 [110/3] via 192.168.19.166, 01:04:09, GigabitEthernet1/0/5
C 192.168.19.128/27 is directly connected, Vlan70
L 192.168.19.129/32 is directly connected, Vlan70
C 192.168.19.164/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0/5
L 192.168.19.165/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0/5
O 192.168.19.168/30 [110/2] via 192.168.19.166, 01:04:09, GigabitEthernet1/0/5
O 192.168.20.0/22 [110/3] via 192.168.19.166, 01:04:09, GigabitEthernet1/0/5
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.19.166, 01:04:09, GigabitEthernet1/0/5
7.ping 192.168.19.166:MLS1 是否能到 Core
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.19.166, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), roundtrip min/avg/max = 0/0/0 ms
8.show ip ospf neighbor:OSPF 邻居是否建立
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
1.1.1.1 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:37 192.168.19.166 GigabitEthernet1/0/5
9.show ip protocols:OSPF 是否运行、网段是否宣告
Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 2.2.2.2
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
192.168.19.164 0.0.0.3 area 0
192.168.16.0 0.0.0.127 area 0
192.168.17.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
192.168.18.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
192.168.19.128 0.0.0.31 area 0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
1.1.1.1 110 00:07:50
2.2.2.2 110 00:07:49
3.3.3.3 110 00:07:50
Distance: (default is 110)
10.show ip route ospf:是否学到远端 OSPF 路由
192.168.16.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
O 192.168.16.128 [110/3] via 192.168.19.166, 01:09:55, GigabitEthernet1/0/5
192.168.19.0/24 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 4 masks
O 192.168.19.0 [110/3] via 192.168.19.166, 01:09:55, GigabitEthernet1/0/5
O 192.168.19.168 [110/2] via 192.168.19.166, 01:09:55, GigabitEthernet1/0/5
O 192.168.20.0 [110/3] via 192.168.19.166, 01:09:55, GigabitEthernet1/0/5
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.19.166, 01:09:55, GigabitEthernet1/0/5
11.show startupconfig:是否已经保存

MLS2设计:

链路A 端B 端网段
Core – MLS2 Core G0/2 192.168.19.170/30 MLS2 G1/0/4 192.168.19.169/30 192.168.19.168/30
连线
设备 A端口 A设备 B端口 B线缆类型
Switch20 FastEthernet0/1 PC20-1 FastEthernet0 Copper Straight-Through
Switch50 FastEthernet0/1 PC50-1 FastEthernet0 Copper Straight-Through
Switch80 FastEthernet0/1 Access Point Port0 Copper Straight-Through
Switch20 GigabitEthernet0/1 MLS2 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 Copper Cross-Over
Switch50 GigabitEthernet0/1 MLS2 GigabitEthernet1/0/2 Copper Cross-Over
Switch80 GigabitEthernet0/1 MLS2 GigabitEthernet1/0/3 Copper Cross-Over
Core Router GigabitEthernet0/2 MLS2 GigabitEthernet1/0/4 Copper Straight-Through
MLS2 中 VLAN 与地址规划
VLAN名称/部门网段默认网关网关所在设备
20 Finance 192.168.16.128/25 192.168.16.129 MLS2 Vlan20
50 Public-Relations 192.168.19.0/25 192.168.19.1 MLS2 Vlan50
80 Wireless 192.168.20.0/22 192.168.20.1 MLS2 Vlan80
MLS2 端口规划
MLS2 端口连接设备端口模式允许通过的 VLAN / IP 地址
GigabitEthernet1/0/1 Switch20 G0/1 Trunk VLAN 20
GigabitEthernet1/0/2 Switch50 G0/1 Trunk VLAN 50
GigabitEthernet1/0/3 Switch80 G0/1 Trunk VLAN 80
GigabitEthernet1/0/4 Core Router G0/2 三层路由端口 192.168.19.169/30

MLS2拓扑图

在这里插入图片描述

MLS2中二层交换机代码

例如 SW20 是财务部,PC 接口属于 VLAN20
enable
configure terminal
vlan 20
name FINANCE
! PC 所接的端口
interface fastEthernet 0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 20
spanningtree portfast
! 上联到 MLS1 的端口
interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 20
end
write memory

例如 SW50 是公共关系部,PC 接口属于 VLAN50
enable
configure terminal
vlan 50
name PUBLIC_RELATIONS
! PC 所接的端口
interface fastEthernet 0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 50
spanningtree portfast
! 上联到 MLS1 的端口
interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 50
end
write memory

例如 SW80 是无线网络,PC 接口属于 VLAN80
enable
configure terminal
vlan 80
name WIRELESS
! PC 所接的端口
interface fastEthernet 0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 80
spanningtree portfast
! 上联到 MLS1 的端口
interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 80
end
write memory

MLS2(三层交换机 2)配置

负责 VLAN 205080

enable
configure terminal
! 开启三层交换和 VLAN 间路由
ip routing
! 创建 VLAN
vlan 20
name FINANCE
vlan 50
name PUBLIC_RELATIONS
vlan 80
name WIRELESS
! VLAN 20:财务部
interface vlan 20
ip address 192.168.16.129 255.255.255.128
no shutdown
! VLAN 50:公共关系部
interface vlan 50
ip address 192.168.19.1 255.255.255.128
no shutdown
! VLAN 80:无线网络
interface vlan 80
ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.252.0
no shutdown
end
write memory

MLS2(三层交换机)上,把连接各二层交换机的物理接口设置为 Trunk。

enable
configure terminal
! 连接 SW20:只传递 VLAN 20
interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/1
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 20
exit

! 连接 SW50:只传递 VLAN 50
interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/2
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 50
exit

! 连接 SW80:只传递 VLAN 80
interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/3
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 80
exit

! 连接 SW70:只传递 VLAN 70
interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/4
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan 70
exit

end
write memory

MLS2(三层交换机)上,把连接CoreRouter的物理接口设置ip地址

enable
configure terminal

! 连接 Core Router G0/2 的三层路由端口
interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/4
description TO_CORE_ROUTER_G0/2
no switchport
ip address 192.168.19.169 255.255.255.252
no shutdown

end
write memory
MLS2(三层交换机)上,建立OSPF
MLS2 输入:

enable
configure terminal
! 开启三层交换功能
ip routing
! ==================================
! MLS2 连接 Core Router 的三层接口
! ==================================
interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/4
description TO_CORE_ROUTER_G0/2
no switchport
ip address 192.168.19.169 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
exit
! ==================================
! 配置 OSPF
! ==================================
router ospf 1
! MLS2 的唯一 OSPF Router ID
routerid 3.3.3.3
! 默认让所有接口不建立 OSPF 邻居
passiveinterface default
! 只有连接 Core 的接口允许建立 OSPF 邻居
no passiveinterface gigabitEthernet 1/0/4
! Core ↔ MLS2 的三层互联链路
network 192.168.19.168 0.0.0.3 area 0
! VLAN 20:财务部
network 192.168.16.128 0.0.0.127 area 0
! VLAN 50:公共关系部
network 192.168.19.0 0.0.0.127 area 0
! VLAN 80:无线网络
network 192.168.20.0 0.0.3.255 area 0
end
write memory

Core Router 设计

三层链路与地址规划
链路A 端B 端网段
Core Router – ASA Core Router G0/0 192.168.19.174/30 ASA inside 192.168.19.173/30 192.168.19.172/30
Core Router – MLS1 Core Router G0/1 192.168.19.166/30 MLS1 G1/0/5 192.168.19.165/30 192.168.19.164/30
Core Router – MLS2 Core Router G0/2 192.168.19.170/30 MLS2 G1/0/4 192.168.19.169/30 192.168.19.168/30
连线
设备 A端口 A设备 B端口 B线缆类型
Core Router GigabitEthernet0/0 ASA-Firewall Ethernet0/1 eStraightThrough
Core Router GigabitEthernet0/1 MLS1 GigabitEthernet1/0/5 eStraightThrough
Core Router GigabitEthernet0/2 MLS2 GigabitEthernet1/0/4 eStraightThrough
Core Router 接口规划
Core Router 接口对端设备本端 IP 地址对端 IP 地址接口作用NAT 角色
GigabitEthernet0/0 ASA inside 192.168.19.174/30 192.168.19.173/30 连接防火墙、访问外网 outside
GigabitEthernet0/1 MLS1 G1/0/5 192.168.19.166/30 192.168.19.165/30 连接 VLAN 10、40、60、70 inside
GigabitEthernet0/2 MLS2 G1/0/4 192.168.19.170/30 192.168.19.169/30 连接 VLAN 20、50、80 inside
Core Router 路由与 NAT 规划
项目配置内容作用
OSPF 进程号 router ospf 1 与 MLS1、MLS2 动态交换路由
Core Router ID 1.1.1.1 Core Router 的唯一 OSPF 标识
OSPF Area Area 0 OSPF 骨干区域
MLS1 互联网段 192.168.19.164/30 与 MLS1 建立 OSPF 邻居
MLS2 互联网段 192.168.19.168/30 与 MLS2 建立 OSPF 邻居
默认路由 0.0.0.0/0 → 192.168.19.173 未知流量交给 ASA
NAT ACL 192.168.16.0 0.0.15.255 允许内网 192.168.16.0/20 出网
PAT 接口 GigabitEthernet0/0 所有内网主机共用 192.168.19.174 出网
Core Router 可学习到的业务网段
来源设备VLAN部门/用途网段默认网关
MLS1 10 Administration-HR 192.168.16.0/25 192.168.16.1
MLS2 20 Finance 192.168.16.128/25 192.168.16.129
MLS1 40 Sales-Marketing 192.168.17.0/24 192.168.17.1
MLS1 60 IT-Communications 192.168.18.0/24 192.168.18.1
MLS2 50 Public-Relations 192.168.19.0/25 192.168.19.1
MLS1 70 Server-Room 192.168.19.128/27 192.168.19.129
MLS2 80 Wireless 192.168.20.0/22 192.168.20.1

Core Router配置

enable
configure terminal
! 设置核心路由器名称
hostname CORERouter
! ==============================
! G0/0:连接 ASA
! ==============================
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
description TO_ASA
! Core Router:192.168.19.174/30
! ASA inside:192.168.19.173/30
ip address 192.168.19.174 255.255.255.252
ip nat outside
no shutdown
exit
! ==============================
! G0/1:连接 MLS1
! ==============================
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
description TO_MLS1
! Core Router:192.168.19.166/30
! MLS1192.168.19.165/30
ip address 192.168.19.166 255.255.255.252
ip nat inside
no shutdown
exit

! ==============================
! G0/2:连接 MLS2
! ==============================
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
description TO_MLS2
! Core Router:192.168.19.170/30
! MLS2192.168.19.169/30
ip address 192.168.19.170 255.255.255.252
ip nat inside
no shutdown
exit

! ==============================
! 配置 OSPF
! ==============================
router ospf 1
routerid 1.1.1.1
network 192.168.19.164 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 192.168.19.168 0.0.0.3 area 0
defaultinformation originate
exit

! ==============================
! NAT 使用的 ACL
! 允许 192.168.16.0192.168.31.255
! ==============================
accesslist 10 permit 192.168.16.0 0.0.15.255

! 配置 PAT:内网设备共用 G0/0 地址出网
ip nat inside source list 10 interface GigabitEthernet0/0 overload

! 默认路由:未知流量交给 ASA
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.19.173

end
write memory

在Core Router中确认配置生效

1.show ip interface brief
2.show ip route
3.show ip ospf neighbor
4.show ip protocols
5.show ip nat statistics
6.show startupconfig

ASA三层链路与地址规划
链路A 端B 端网段
ASA – Core Router ASA inside 192.168.19.173/30 Core Router G0/0 192.168.19.174/30 192.168.19.172/30
ASA – ISP Router ASA outside 193.168.16.2/30 ISP Router 193.168.16.1/30 193.168.16.0/30
连线
设备 A端口 A设备 B端口 B线缆类型
ASA-Firewall Ethernet0/1 Core Router GigabitEthernet0/0 eStraightThrough
ASA-Firewall Ethernet0/0 ISP Router GigabitEthernet0/0 eStraightThrough
ASA 接口规划
ASA 逻辑接口对应物理端口名称安全级别IP 地址对端设备接口作用
Vlan1 Ethernet0/1 inside 100 192.168.19.173/30 Core Router G0/0 192.168.19.174 接收公司内网流量
Vlan2 Ethernet0/0 outside 0 193.168.16.2/30 ISP Router G0/0 193.168.16.1 连接 ISP 与外部网络
ASA 路由、NAT 与安全策略
项目配置内容作用
默认路由 route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 193.168.16.1 所有未知流量发送给 ISP Router
NAT 对象 CORE_PAT_IP 表示 Core Router NAT 后的地址 192.168.19.174
ASA PAT nat (inside,outside) dynamic interface 将 192.168.19.174 转换为 ASA outside 地址 193.168.16.2 出网
ICMP 检查 inspect icmp 允许内网主动 Ping 外网时,Echo Reply 正确返回
全局策略 service-policy global_policy global 将 ICMP 检查策略应用到 ASA 全局
外网 ACL access-group OUTSIDE_IN in interface outside 将 OUTSIDE_IN ACL 应用到 outside 入方向
ICMP ACL permit icmp any any echo-reply 允许外网返回 ICMP Echo Reply 报文
TCP ACL permit tcp host 203.0.113.2 host 192.168.19.174 配置了来自 Web Server 的 TCP 放行规则
内网访问外网时的地址转换过程
阶段源地址变化执行设备
内网主机发包 例如 192.168.16.10 PC
第一次 PAT 192.168.16.10 → 192.168.19.174 Core Router
第二次 PAT 192.168.19.174 → 193.168.16.2 ASA-Firewall
发往外网 源地址为 193.168.16.2 ISP Router / Internet
ASA配置

enable
configure terminal

! 设置 ASA 名称
hostname ASAFirewall

! ==============================
! Inside:连接 Core Router
! ASA192.168.19.173/30
! Core:192.168.19.174/30
! ==============================
interface Vlan1
nameif inside
securitylevel 100
ip address 192.168.19.173 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
exit

! ==============================
! Outside:连接 ISP Router
! ASA193.168.16.2/30
! ISP193.168.16.1/30
! ==============================
interface Vlan2
nameif outside
securitylevel 0
no ip address dhcp setroute
ip address 193.168.16.2 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
exit

! E0/0:连接 ISP,加入 outside 的 VLAN 2
interface Ethernet0/0
switchport access vlan 2
no shutdown
exit

! E0/1:连接 Core Router,加入 inside 的 VLAN 1
interface Ethernet0/1
switchport access vlan 1
no shutdown
exit

! 默认路由:未知流量发往 ISP
route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 193.168.16.1

! ==============================
! ASA PAT
! Core PAT 后的源地址 .174
! 再转换为 ASA outside 地址 .2
! ==============================
object network CORE_PAT_IP
host 192.168.19.174
nat (inside,outside) dynamic interface
exit

! ==============================
! ICMP 检查策略
! 允许内网 ping 的 Echo Reply 正确返回
! ==============================+++++++++++++++++++++++++++
configure terminal
classmap inspection_default
match defaultinspectiontraffic
exit

configure terminal
policymap global_policy
class inspection_default
inspect icmp
exit

! 此处已回到 ASA(config)# 全局配置模式
configure terminal
servicepolicy global_policy global

end
write memory

enable
configure terminal

accesslist OUTSIDE_IN extended permit icmp any any echoreply
accessgroup OUTSIDE_IN in interface outside
end
write memory

enable
configure terminal

accesslist OUTSIDE_IN extended permit tcp host 203.0.113.2 host 192.168.19.174

end
write memory

ASAFirewall#configure terminal
ASAFirewall(config)#servicepolicy global_policy global
WARNING: Policy map global_policy is already configured as a service policy
ASAFirewall(config)#end
ASAFirewall#write memory

确认ASA配置生效

注意:你最后配置的 TCP ACL 虽然允许 203.0.113.2 访问 192.168.19.174
.174 使用的是动态 PAT,不能用于稳定的外网主动访问内网服务。
若以后要让外网访问内网服务器,需要额外配置静态 NAT 或端口映射。
a.验证接口、VLAN 和安全域
enable
show interface ip brief
show nameif
show runningconfig interface Ethernet0/0
show runningconfig interface Ethernet0/1

正确时应确认:
Vlan1 = 192.168.19.173 = inside = securitylevel 100
Vlan2 = 193.168.16.2 = outside = securitylevel 0
Ethernet0/0 = access vlan 2
Ethernet0/1 = access vlan 1

show interface ip brief 中,Vlan1、Vlan2、Ethernet0/0、Ethernet0/1 都是:up up

b.验证 ASA 到 Core 和 ISP 的直连链路

192.168.19.174 = Core Router G0/0
193.168.16.1 = ISP Router

ping 192.168.19.174
ping 193.168.16.1
c.验证默认路由
show route

C 192.168.19.172 255.255.255.252 is directly connected, inside
C 193.168.16.0 255.255.255.252 is directly connected, outside
S* 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [1/0] via 193.168.16.1, outside
最关键的是:S* 0.0.0.0/0193.168.16.1, outside
这表示未知的外网流量会被 ASA 发给 ISP Router。

d.验证 ASA NAT 规则是否存在
show nat

Auto NAT Policies (Section 2)
1 (inside) to (outside) source dynamic CORE_PAT_IP interface

这代表:inside 源地址 192.168.19.174会被动态转换为 ASA outside 地址 193.168.16.2

e.验证 ICMP 检查策略已应用
show servicepolicy

应看到类似:

Global policy:
Servicepolicy: global_policy
Classmap: inspection_default
Inspect: icmp

这表示:inspect icmp已经作为全局策略生效,内网发出的 ping 回包可以正常返回。

f.最重要:用内网 PC 产生真实出网流量

在任意内网 PC 上执行,例如 VLAN 10PC

ping 192.168.16.1
ping 203.0.113.2

然后立刻到 ASA 输入:

show xlate
show nat
show conn
show servicepolicy

show xlate 中应看到与下列含义相同的 NAT 映射:

Inside local: 192.168.19.174
Inside global: 193.168.16.2

注意:ASA 上看不到原始 PC192.168.16.x,这是正常的;因为 Core 已先把它转换为 .174

此时 show nat 的计数应增加:

translate_hits > 0
untranslate_hits > 0
translate_hits 增加:ASA 已把 .174 转为 .16.2
untranslate_hits 增加:外网返回流量已被 ASA 转回 .174
g.验证配置已保存
show startupconfig

ISP-Router 三层链路与地址规划

链路A 端B 端网段
ISP Router – ASA ISP Router G0/0 193.168.16.1/30 ASA outside 193.168.16.2/30 193.168.16.0/30
ISP Router – Web Server ISP Router G0/1 203.0.113.1/24 Web Server 203.0.113.2/24 203.0.113.0/24
连线
设备 A端口 A设备 B端口 B线缆类型
ISP-Router GigabitEthernet0/0 ASA-Firewall Ethernet0/0 eStraightThrough
ISP-Router GigabitEthernet0/1 Web Server FastEthernet0 eStraightThrough
ISP Router 接口规划
ISP Router 接口描述IP 地址子网掩码对端设备接口作用
GigabitEthernet0/0 TO_ASA_OUTSIDE 193.168.16.1 255.255.255.252 ASA outside 193.168.16.2 模拟 ISP,与 ASA 外网接口互联
GigabitEthernet0/1 TO_WEB_SERVER 203.0.113.1 255.255.255.0 Web Server 203.0.113.2 模拟公网服务器所在网段的网关
公网 Web Server 地址规划
设备IP 地址子网掩码默认网关所在网段
Web Server 203.0.113.2 255.255.255.0 203.0.113.1 203.0.113.0/24
在 ISP Router 输入:

enable
configure terminal
! 设置 ISP 路由器名称
hostname ISPRouter
! ==============================
! G0/0:连接 ASA outside
! ==============================
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
description TO_ASA_OUTSIDE
ip address 193.168.16.1 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
exit
! ==============================
! G0/1:连接模拟公网 Web Server
! ==============================
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
description TO_WEB_SERVER
ip address 203.0.113.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
end
write memory

Web Server 的 Desktop → IP Configuration 设置:

IP Address: 203.0.113.2
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 203.0.113.1

SW70:将两台服务器端口加入 VLAN 70
DHCP Server配置静态 IP

Desktop → IP Configuration → Static
填写:
IP Address: 192.168.19.130
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224
Default Gateway: 192.168.19.129
DNS Server: 192.168.19.131
点击 Add ,建立其他 VLAN 的 Pool。

Pool Name对应 VLANDefault GatewayDNS ServerStart IP AddressSubnet MaskMaximum Users
VLAN10_ADMIN_HR 10 192.168.16.1 192.168.19.131 192.168.16.10 255.255.255.128 90
VLAN20_FINANCE 20 192.168.16.129 192.168.19.131 192.168.16.140 255.255.255.128 90
VLAN40_SALES 40 192.168.17.1 192.168.19.131 192.168.17.10 255.255.255.0 200
VLAN50_PR 50 192.168.19.1 192.168.19.131 192.168.19.10 255.255.255.128 90
VLAN60_IT 60 192.168.18.1 192.168.19.131 192.168.18.10 255.255.255.0 200
VLAN80_WIRELESS 80 192.168.20.1 192.168.19.131 192.168.20.10 255.255.252.0 1000

不需要为 VLAN 70 创建 Pool,因为:
DHCP Server:192.168.19.130(静态)
DNS Server: 192.168.19.131(静态)
它们自己不应该通过 DHCP 获取地址。

DNS Server:配置静态 IP

Desktop → IP Configuration → Static
填写:
IP Address: 192.168.19.131
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224
Default Gateway: 192.168.19.129
DNS Server: 192.168.19.131

然后进入:
Services → DNS → On
添加 A 记录:
NameAddress
www.test.com203.0.113.2
点击 Add。

将两台服务器所接的端口属于 VLAN 70

enable
configure terminal
! DHCP Server 与 DNS Server 的端口都加入 VLAN 70
interface range fastEthernet 0/12
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 70
spanningtree portfast
no shutdown
exit

end
write memory

将所有客户端 VLAN 的 DHCP Relay 指向 DHCP Server .130
MLS1:VLAN 10、40、60 配置 DHCP Relay

enable
configure terminal
! DHCP Server:192.168.19.130
! DNS Server:192.168.19.131
! ==============================
! VLAN 10:行政与人力资源部
! ==============================
interface vlan 10
no ip helperaddress 192.168.19.170
no ip helperaddress 192.168.19.131
ip helperaddress 192.168.19.130
exit
! ==============================
! VLAN 40:销售与市场部
! ==============================
interface vlan 40
no ip helperaddress 192.168.19.170
no ip helperaddress 192.168.19.131
ip helperaddress 192.168.19.130
exit
! ==============================
! VLAN 60IT 与通信部
! ==============================
interface vlan 60
no ip helperaddress 192.168.19.170
no ip helperaddress 192.168.19.131
ip helperaddress 192.168.19.130
exit
end
write memory

MLS2:VLAN 20、50、80 配置 DHCP Relay

enable
configure terminal
! DHCP Server:192.168.19.130
! DNS Server:192.168.19.131
! ==============================
! VLAN 20:财务部
! ==============================
interface vlan 20
no ip helperaddress 192.168.19.170
no ip helperaddress 192.168.19.131
ip helperaddress 192.168.19.130
exit
! ==============================
! VLAN 50:公共关系部
! ==============================
interface vlan 50
no ip helperaddress 192.168.19.170
no ip helperaddress 192.168.19.131
ip helperaddress 192.168.19.130
exit
! ==============================
! VLAN 80:无线网络
! ==============================
interface vlan 80
no ip helperaddress 192.168.19.170
no ip helperaddress 192.168.19.131
ip helperaddress 192.168.19.130
exit
end
write memory
VLAN 70 不需要 ip helperaddress,因为 DHCP Server 就在 VLAN 70 内。

vlan80操作

AP 的网线连接方式:

Switch80 Fa0/1
↓ 使用 Copper StraightThrough
AccessPointPT 的 Ethernet / Port 0

Port 0 = 用网线连接 Switch6 的接口
Port 1 = 无线 WiFi 接口
先直接在你当前的 Port 1 页面配置 Wi‑Fi:
SSID 从 Default 改为:AppleWiFi
在 Authentication 中点击:WPA2PSK
此时右侧的 PSK Pass Phrase 输入框会解除灰色状态,输入:pple@2026
如果要求选择加密方式,选择:AES
保持右上角:Port Status:On
如果 Settings 和 Port 0 中都没有 IP 地址输入框,说明你这个 Packet Tracer 的 AccessPointPT 是一个纯二层 AP 模型。此时不需要给 AP 配置 .20.2,它仍然可以正常工作,只负责把:交换机 VLAN 80↔无线客户端连接起来。

添加pc的时候记得将pc的网口设置为无线

添加打印机

Connections → Copper StraightThrough连接:Printer FastEthernet0 → 接入交换机 Fa0/x
配置交换机端口
假设打印机接在 Fa0/24
enable
configure terminal
interface FastEthernet0/24
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 10
no shutdown
end
write memory
配置打印机 IP

总拓扑

在这里插入图片描述

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