云计算百科
云计算领域专业知识百科平台

Java进化史:从JDK8到25的惊艳蜕变

以下是对 JDK 8 至 JDK 25 主要特性的深度解析,按版本迭代顺序组织:


JDK 8 (2014)

核心特性

  • Lambda 表达式
    • 简化匿名内部类,支持函数式编程,例如:

      (x, y) -> x + y

  • Stream API
    • 集合操作流水线处理:

      list.stream().filter(x -> x > 0).mapToInt(x -> x * 2).sum();

  • 默认方法
    • 接口支持 default 方法实现:

      interface A { default void log() { System.out.println("A"); } }

  • 新的日期时间 API
    • java.time 包替代 java.util.Date:

      LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();


  • JDK 9 (2017)

    模块系统 (Jigsaw)

    • 引入模块化(module-info.java)解决依赖问题:

      module com.example { requires java.base; }

    集合工厂方法

    • 快速创建不可变集合:

      List<String> list = List.of("A", "B");

    接口私有方法

    • 接口支持 private 方法:

      interface B { private void log() { System.out.println("B"); } }


    JDK 10 (2018)

    局部变量类型推断

    • var 关键字简化类型声明:

      var list = new ArrayList<String>();


    JDK 11 (LTS, 2018)

    HTTP Client API

    • 支持异步 HTTP 请求:

      HttpClient.newHttpClient().sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());

    单文件源代码执行

    • 直接运行 .java 文件:

      java Hello.java


    JDK 12-15 (非LTS)

  • Switch 表达式 (JDK 12 预览)

    int day = switch (value) { case 1 -> 1; default -> 0; };

  • 文本块 (JDK 13 预览)

    String json = """ { "name": "Java" } """;

  • Record 类 (JDK 14 预览)
    • 简化不可变数据类:

      record Point(int x, int y) {}

  • 密封类 (JDK 15 预览)
    • 限制类继承:

      sealed class Shape permits Circle, Rectangle {}


  • JDK 16 (2021)

    正式启用特性

    • Record、Switch 表达式、文本块转为正式功能。

    JDK 17 (LTS, 2021)

    密封类正式发布

    public sealed interface Result permits Success, Failure {}

    移除 Applet API

    • 停止对浏览器插件的支持。

    JDK 18-21

  • 模式匹配 (JDK 18~21)
    • instanceof 自动转换:

      if (obj instanceof String s) { System.out.println(s.length()); }

  • 虚拟线程 (JDK 19 预览)
    • 轻量级并发模型:

      Thread.startVirtualThread(() -> System.out.println("Hello"));

  • 向量 API (JDK 19 预览)
    • 硬件加速计算:

      VectorSpecies<Float> species = FloatVector.SPECIES_256;


  • JDK 22-25 (最新演进)

  • 未命名变量 (JDK 22)

    for (var _ : collection) { /* 忽略元素 */ }

    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737560.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzU2MC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737299.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzI5OS5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737645.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzY0NS5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737654.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzY1NC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737663.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzY2My5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737738.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzczOC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737811.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzgxMS5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737903.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzkwMy5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737759.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzc1OS5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737912.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzkxMi5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737681.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzY4MS5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737685.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzY4NS5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737918.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzkxOC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737920.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzkyMC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737924.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzkyNC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737849.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzg0OS5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737931.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzkzMS5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737784.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzc4NC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737698.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzY5OC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738004.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODAwNC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738006.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODAwNi5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737944.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzk0NC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738103.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODEwMy5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737959.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzk1OS5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737962.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzk2Mi5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699737900.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczNzkwMC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738047.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODA0Ny5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738050.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODA1MC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738215.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODIxNS5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738060.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODA2MC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738148.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODE0OC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738219.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODIxOS5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738078.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODA3OC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738162.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODE2Mi5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738238.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODIzOC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738174.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODE3NC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738248.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODI0OC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738323.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODMyMy5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738327.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODMyNy5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738406.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODQwNi5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738334.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODMzNC5zaHRtbA==.html
    http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/442337939/699738336.shtml
    https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvNDQyMzM3OTM5LzY5OTczODMzNi5zaHRtbA==.html
     

  • 字符串模板 (JDK 23)

    String name = "Java"; String s = STR."Hello \\{name}!";

  • 值类型 (提案中)
    • 提升内存效率(如 primitive class Point { int x; int y; })。

  • GC 与性能优化

    版本特性
    JDK 11 ZGC (低延迟 GC)
    JDK 15 Shenandoah GC (并行回收)
    JDK 21 分代 ZGC

    总结

    • LTS 版本:JDK 8、11、17、21 适合生产环境。
    • 语法演进:从 Lambda 到 Record、模式匹配,提升开发效率。
    • 并发革新:虚拟线程(Project Loom)重构并发模型。
    • 内存管理:ZGC/Shenandoah 降低 GC 停顿。

    建议根据项目需求选择 LTS 版本,并持续关注新特性预览。

    赞(0)
    未经允许不得转载:网硕互联帮助中心 » Java进化史:从JDK8到25的惊艳蜕变
    分享到: 更多 (0)

    评论 抢沙发

    评论前必须登录!