Linux apt 命令
apt(Advanced Packaging Tool)是一个在 Debian 和 Ubuntu 中的 Shell 前端软件包管理器。
apt 命令提供了查找、安装、升级、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令,而且命令简洁而又好记。
apt 命令执行需要超级管理员权限(root)。
apt 语法
apt [options] [command] [package …]
- options:可选,选项包括 -h(帮助),-y(当安装过程提示选择全部为"yes"),-q(不显示安装的过程)等等。
- command:要进行的操作。
- package:安装的包名。
apt 常用命令
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列出所有可更新的软件清单命令:sudo apt update
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升级软件包:sudo apt upgrade
列出可更新的软件包及版本信息:apt list –upgradable
升级软件包,升级前先删除需要更新软件包:sudo apt full-upgrade
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安装指定的软件命令:sudo apt install <package_name>
安装多个软件包:sudo apt install <package_1> <package_2> <package_3>
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更新指定的软件命令:sudo apt update <package_name>
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显示软件包具体信息,例如:版本号,安装大小,依赖关系等等:sudo apt show <package_name>
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删除软件包命令:sudo apt remove <package_name>
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清理不再使用的依赖和库文件: sudo apt autoremove
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移除软件包及配置文件: sudo apt purge <package_name>
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查找软件包命令: sudo apt search <keyword>
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列出所有已安装的包:apt list –installed
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列出所有已安装的包的版本信息:apt list –all-versions
实例
查看一些可更新的包:
sudo apt update

升级安装包:
sudo apt upgrade

在以上交互式输入字母 Y 即可开始升级。
可以将以下两个命令组合起来,一键升级:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装 mplayer 包:
sudo apt install mplayer

如过不太记得完整的包名,我们可以只输入前半部分的包名,然后按下 Tab 键,会列出相关的包名:

以上实例我们输入来 reds,然后按下 Tab 键,输出来四个相关的包。
如果我们想安装一个软件包,但如果软件包已经存在,则不要升级它,可以使用 –no-upgrade 选项:
sudo apt install <package_name> –no-upgrade
安装 mplayer 如果存在则不要升级:
sudo apt install mplayer –no-upgrade
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