Linux apt 命令8679879

Linux apt 命令

apt（Advanced Packaging Tool）是一个在 Debian 和 Ubuntu 中的 Shell 前端软件包管理器。

apt 命令提供了查找、安装、升级、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令，而且命令简洁而又好记。

apt 命令执行需要超级管理员权限(root)。

apt 语法

apt [options] [command] [package …]

• options：可选，选项包括 -h（帮助），-y（当安装过程提示选择全部为"yes"），-q（不显示安装的过程）等等。
• command：要进行的操作。
• package：安装的包名。

apt 常用命令

• 列出所有可更新的软件清单命令：sudo apt update

• 升级软件包：sudo apt upgrade

  列出可更新的软件包及版本信息：apt list –upgradable

  升级软件包，升级前先删除需要更新软件包：sudo apt full-upgrade

• 安装指定的软件命令：sudo apt install <package_name>

  安装多个软件包：sudo apt install <package_1> <package_2> <package_3>

• 更新指定的软件命令：sudo apt update <package_name>

• 显示软件包具体信息,例如：版本号，安装大小，依赖关系等等：sudo apt show <package_name>

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• 删除软件包命令：sudo apt remove <package_name>

• 清理不再使用的依赖和库文件: sudo apt autoremove

• 移除软件包及配置文件: sudo apt purge <package_name>

• 查找软件包命令： sudo apt search <keyword>

• 列出所有已安装的包：apt list –installed

• 列出所有已安装的包的版本信息：apt list –all-versions

实例

查看一些可更新的包：

sudo apt update

升级安装包：

sudo apt upgrade

在以上交互式输入字母 Y 即可开始升级。

可以将以下两个命令组合起来，一键升级：

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

安装 mplayer 包：

sudo apt install mplayer

如过不太记得完整的包名，我们可以只输入前半部分的包名，然后按下 Tab 键，会列出相关的包名：

以上实例我们输入来 reds，然后按下 Tab 键，输出来四个相关的包。

如果我们想安装一个软件包，但如果软件包已经存在，则不要升级它，可以使用 –no-upgrade 选项:

sudo apt install <package_name> –no-upgrade

安装 mplayer 如果存在则不要升级：

sudo apt install mplayer –no-upgrade