webRTC：流程和socket搭建信令服务器

上一篇文章 webRTC初探：如何实现音视频的录制 实现了电脑上的摄像头、麦克风、屏幕分享桌面的操控，本文更进一步介绍流程。

简单提一句PeerConnection

既然是两个浏览器（端）之间通信，那自然需要一个“用于维护双方关系的载体”，PeerConnection就是WebRTC中的这个载体，也是webrtc的核心。

let PeerConnection = window.RTCPeerConnection ||
window.mozRTCPeerConnection ||
window.webkitRTCPeerConnection;

PeerConnection是一个对象，它里面有一些核心方法，后面实现完整流程的时候会解释，这里为了下面的流程图不至于难懂先提一嘴：

• addTrack() ：添加音频或者视频轨道
• addIceCandidate()： 保存 ICE 候选信息，即双方协商信息，持续整个建立通信过程，直到没有更多候选信息
• createAnswer() ：创建应答信令
• createDataChannel()： 创建消息通道，建立WebRTC通信之后，就可以 p2p 的直接发送文本消息，无需中转服务器
• createOffer()： 创建初始信令
• setLocalDescription() ：保存自己端创建的信令
• setLocalDescription() ：保存自己端创建的信令

WebRTC的会话流程

下图就是通过载体的核心方法和事件完成两个浏览器的关联的过程：

其中“圈1”是websocket通道的搭建和双方初始化PeerConnection，紧跟着有关信令（SDP）的交换和监听就是通过socket完成的。

信令服务器的搭建

所谓信令服务器，其实完全可以说是通过websocket交换信令的即时通讯服务器。 在实现之前，需要思考一下所需的数据和数据结构：既然是会议，那就需要“用户userId”和“房间roomId”，存储的话就通过Redis就好了，Redis中有一种数据结构Hash，大概结构是这样的：

具体代码如下：

const httpServer = require('http').createServer();
const io = require('socket.io')(httpServer);

var redis = require('redis')
const roomKey = "meeting-room::"
var redisClient = redis.createClient(6379, '127.0.0.1')
redisClient.on('error', function (err) {
console.log('redisClient connect Error ' ,err);
});

const userMap = new Map()
io.on('connection', async (socket) => {
await onListener(socket)
});

httpServer.listen(18080, async() => {
console.log('服务器启动成功:18080');
await redisClient.connect();
});

function getMsg(type,msg,status=200,data=null){
return {"type":type,"msg":msg,"status":status,"data":data}
}

function getParams(url,queryName){
let query = decodeURI(url.split('?')[1]);
let vars = query.split("&");
for (var i = 0; i <= vars.length; i++) {
var pair = vars[i].split("=");
if (pair[0] === queryName) {
return pair[1];
}
}
return null;
}

/**
* DB data
* @param {Object} userId
* @param {Object} roomId
*/
async function getUserDetailByUid(userId,roomId){
let res = JSON.stringify(({"userId":userId,"roomId":roomId}))
return res
}

/**
* 监听
*/
async function onListener(s){
let url = s.client.request.url
let userId = getParams(url,'userId')
let roomId = getParams(url,'roomId')
console.log("client uid："+userId+" roomId: "+roomId+" online ")
//user map
userMap.set(userId,s)
//room cache
if(roomId){
await redisClient.hSet(roomKey+roomId,userId, await getUserDetailByUid(userId,roomId))
oneToRoomMany(roomId,getMsg('join',userId+ ' join then room'))
}
s.on('msg', async (data) => {
console.log("msg",data)
await oneToRoomMany(roomId,data)
});
s.on('disconnect', () => {
console.log("client uid："+userId+" roomId: "+roomId+" offline ")
userMap.delete(userId)
if(roomId){
redisClient.hDel(roomKey+roomId,userId)
oneToRoomMany(roomId,getMsg('leave',userId+' leave the room '))
}
});
s.on('roomUserList', async (data) => {
// console.log("roomUserList msg",data)
s.emit('roomUserList',await getRoomUser(data['roomId']))
})
s.on('call',(data) => {
let targetUid = data['targetUid']
if(userMap.get(targetUid)){
oneToOne(targetUid,getMsg('call',"远程呼叫",200,data))
}else{
console.log(targetUid+ "不在线")
}
})
s.on('candidate',(data) => {
let targetUid = data['targetUid']
if(userMap.get(targetUid)){
oneToOne(targetUid,getMsg('candidate',"ice candidate",200,data))
}else{
console.log(targetUid+ "不在线")
}
})
s.on('offer',(data) => {
let targetUid = data['targetUid']
if(userMap.get(targetUid)){
oneToOne(targetUid,getMsg('offer',"rtc offer",200,data))
}else{
console.log(targetUid+ "不在线")
}
})
s.on('answer',(data) => {
let targetUid = data['targetUid']
if(userMap.get(targetUid)){
oneToOne(targetUid,getMsg('answer',"rtc answer",200,data))
}else{
console.log(targetUid+ "不在线")
}
})
}

/**
* 单独用户提示
* @param {Object} uid
* @param {Object} msg
*/
function oneToOne(uid,msg){
let s = userMap.get(uid)
if(s){
s.emit('msg',msg)
}else{
console.log(uid+"用户不在线")
}
}

/**
* 获取房间用户列表
* @param {Object} roomId
*/
async function getRoomUser(roomId){
return await redisClient.hGetAll(roomKey+roomId)
}

/**
* 广播
* @param {Object} roomId
* @param {Object} msg
*/
async function oneToRoomMany(roomId,msg){
let ulist = await redisClient.hGetAll(roomKey+roomId)
for(const uid in ulist){
oneToOne(uid,msg)
}
}