网硕互联帮助中心CSS Position 概述
CSS position 属性用于定义元素的定位方式，控制元素在文档中的布局位置。通过调整 position 值及其辅助属性（如 top、right、bottom、left），可以实现复杂的布局效果。
position 的常用值
static
默认值，元素遵循正常的文档流，忽略 top、right 等偏移属性。
.element {
position: static;
}
relative
元素仍占据文档流中的原始空间，但可通过偏移属性相对其原始位置移动。
.element {
position: relative;
top: 10px;
left: 20px;
}
absolute
元素脱离文档流，相对于最近的已定位（非 static）祖先元素定位。若无符合条件的祖先，则相对于 <html>。
.parent {
position: relative;
}
.child {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
}
fixed
元素脱离文档流，相对于浏览器视口定位，滚动页面时位置不变。
.element {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
}
sticky
元素在滚动到特定阈值前为 relative，之后变为 fixed。需指定至少一个偏移属性。
.element {
position: sticky;
top: 50px;
}
使用场景与注意事项
- relative：微调元素位置或作为 absolute 子元素的定位上下文。
- absolute：创建悬浮层、自定义下拉菜单等。
- fixed：固定导航栏、广告栏等。
- sticky：实现滚动时吸顶的标题或导航。
注意
- absolute 和 fixed 会触发新的层叠上下文。
- 使用 z-index 控制层叠顺序，仅对非 static 元素生效。
- 移动端 fixed 可能存在兼容性问题，需测试验证。
代码示例
相对定位与绝对定位结合
<div class="parent">
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
.parent {
position: relative;
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background: #eee;
}
.child {
position: absolute;
bottom: 10px;
right: 10px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
background: #f00;
}
粘性定位实现吸顶效果
.header {
position: sticky;
top: 0;
background: #333;
color: white;
padding: 10px;
}
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