Python修改pip install 指定安装包的路径和默认镜像源

修改pip安装包的默认路径

在Python中通过pip安装包时，可以通过–target参数指定自定义安装路径。例如将包安装到/custom/path目录：

pip install package_name –target /custom/path

要永久修改默认安装路径，可以设置PYTHONUSERBASE环境变量。在Linux/macOS的bashrc或zshrc中添加：

export PYTHONUSERBASE=/custom/path

在Windows系统中通过环境变量设置界面添加PYTHONUSERBASE变量。

修改pip默认镜像源

临时使用镜像源可通过-i参数指定：

pip install package_name -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

永久修改镜像源方法：

创建或修改pip配置文件：

• Linux/macOS: ~/.pip/pip.conf
• Windows: %APPDATA%\\pip\\pip.ini

添加以下内容（以清华源为例）：

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

常用国内镜像源：

• 清华：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
• 阿里云：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
• 腾讯云：https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple
• 华为云：https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/simple

验证配置是否生效

安装测试包时观察下载源：

pip install –verbose numpy

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检查安装路径是否在指定目录：

python -c "import numpy; print(numpy.__file__)"