{"id":99342,"date":"2026-09-02T13:40:53","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T05:40:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/99342.html"},"modified":"2026-09-02T13:40:53","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T05:40:53","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%97%a0%e6%a0%87%e9%a2%98%e3%80%91linux-%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e8%bd%af%e4%bb%b6%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%9a%e4%bb%bb%e5%8a%a1%e3%80%81%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b%e3%80%81ipc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/99342.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u65e0\u6807\u9898\u3011Linux \u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001IPC\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u7bc7\u7b14\u8bb0\u6574\u7406 Linux \u5e94\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u6838\u5fc3\u4e09\u5927\u6a21\u5757&#xff1a;\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001IPC\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux\u3001\u540e\u7aef C \u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u8003\u70b9\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e38\u7528\u6280\u672f&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b\u539f\u7406\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u6bd4&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u8865\u5145\u6613\u8e29\u5751\u7ec6\u8282&#xff0c;\u9002\u5408\u671f\u672b\u590d\u4e60\u3001\u9762\u8bd5\u590d\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u591a\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u4efb\u52a1&#xff1a;\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5177\u5907\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b&#xff0c;Linux \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u4e3a&#xff1a;\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<p>1.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5408&#xff08; .c \u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<br \/>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u3001CPU \u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u72ec\u7acb 0~4G \u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260902054051-6a97b6e3bf922.jpg\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u786c\u76d8&#xff1b;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u52a8\u6001\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5185\u5b58<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5177\u5907\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa \u2192 \u8fd0\u884c \u2192 \u6d88\u4ea1<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d<\/li>\n<p>1.2 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40&#xff08;0~4G\u865a\u62df\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u533a \u4f5c\u7528<br \/>\n\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff08;3G~4G&#xff09; \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab<br \/>\n\u6808\u533a&#xff08;8M \u9ed8\u8ba4&#xff09; \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5f62\u53c2\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u81ea\u52a8\u5f00\u8f9f\u91ca\u653e<br \/>\n\u5806\u533a  malloc\/calloc\/realloc \u624b\u52a8\u7533\u8bf7&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u624b\u52a8 free \u91ca\u653e<br \/>\n.data\u6bb5 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<br \/>\n.bss\u6bb5 \u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6e05\u96f6<br \/>\n\u6587\u672c\u533a \u4ee3\u7801\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8bfb<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u8865\u5145&#xff1a; fork()  \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u65e9\u671f Linux \u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff0c;\u73b0\u4ee3\u91c7\u7528 \u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff08;COW&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u65b9\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u624d\u5355\u72ec\u590d\u5236\u5185\u5b58\u526f\u672c&#xff0c;\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.3 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6<\/p>\n<p>CPU \u5b8f\u89c2\u5e76\u884c\u3001\u5fae\u89c2\u4e32\u884c&#xff08;\u5e76\u53d1&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e76\u884c&#xff1a;\u591a\u6838 CPU&#xff0c;\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\u5e76\u53d1&#xff1a;\u5355\u6838 CPU&#xff0c;\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c&#xff0c;\u5feb\u901f\u5207\u6362\u4efb\u52a1&#xff0c;\u5b8f\u89c2\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c&#xff08;Linux \u9ed8\u8ba4&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5148\u6765\u5148\u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4f18\u5148<\/li>\n<li>\u77ed\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4f18\u5148<\/li>\n<p>1.4 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u5178\u4e09\u6001\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u7eea\u6001 \u2192&#xff08;\u5206\u914dCPU&#xff09;\u8fd0\u884c\u6001 \u2192&#xff08;\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u7528\u5b8c \/ \u8bf7\u6c42IO&#xff09;\u963b\u585e\u6001<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c31\u7eea&#xff1a;\u4e07\u4e8b\u4ff1\u5907&#xff0c;\u53ea\u7b49\u5f85 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u7247<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd0\u884c&#xff1a;\u6b63\u5728\u88ab CPU \u6267\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\u963b\u585e&#xff1a;\u7b49\u5f85IO\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08; fgets \u3001 scanf &#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u52a8\u653e\u5f03CPU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Linux \u5b8c\u6574\u4e03\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<li>R \u8fd0\u884c\u6001&#xff1a;\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c \/ \u7b49\u5f85CPU<\/li>\n<li>S \u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720&#xff1a;\u7b49\u5f85\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u53ef\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u5524\u9192<\/li>\n<li>D \u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720&#xff1a;\u7b49\u5f85\u786c\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u6253\u65ad<\/li>\n<li>T \u6682\u505c\u6001&#xff1a; Ctrl&#043;Z  \u6682\u505c\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>Z \u50f5\u5c38\u6001&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f&#xff0c;\u4f46\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u672a\u56de\u6536PCB\u8d44\u6e90<\/li>\n<li>X \u6d88\u4ea1\u6001&#xff1a;\u8d44\u6e90\u5b8c\u5168\u56de\u6536<\/li>\n<li>W \u6362\u51fa\u6001&#xff08;\u65e7\u7248\u5185\u6838&#xff09;<\/li>\n<p>1.5 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>bash<\/p>\n<p>ps -aux        # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;PID\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u3001CPU\/\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528<br \/>\nps -ef         # \u67e5\u770b\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b PPID\u3001PID<br \/>\ntop            # \u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528<br \/>\npstree -p      # \u6811\u5f62\u67e5\u770b\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5173\u7cfb<br \/>\nkill -9 PID    # \u5f3a\u5236\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\nkill -l        # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u53f7<br \/>\nfg \/ bg        # \u524d\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5207\u6362<\/p>\n<p>1.6 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6838\u5fc3\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<li>pid_t fork(void);<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0bPID&#xff1b;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de  0 &#xff1b;\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de  -1<\/li>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u590d\u5236\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>getpid()  \u83b7\u53d6\u81ea\u8eabPID&#xff1b; getppid()  \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0bPID<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa&#xff1a; exit()  \/  _exit()  \/  return<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>exit() &#xff1a;\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u9000\u51fa\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>_exit() &#xff1a;\u76f4\u63a5\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>\u8d44\u6e90\u56de\u6536&#xff1a; wait()  \/  waitpid()<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>wait() &#xff1a;\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u610f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f&#xff0c;\u56de\u6536\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>waitpid() &#xff1a;\u7075\u6d3b\u6307\u5b9a\u56de\u6536\u54ea\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u975e\u963b\u585e\u56de\u6536<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1.7 \u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b &amp; \u5b64\u513f\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<li>\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b Z&#xff1a;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u7ed3\u675f&#xff0c;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u8c03\u7528 wait \u56de\u6536PCB&#xff0c;\u6b8b\u7559\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<br \/>\n\u2705 \u5371\u5bb3&#xff1a;\u5360\u7528PID\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u5927\u91cf\u50f5\u5c38\u4f1a\u8017\u5c3d\u7cfb\u7edfPID<br \/>\n\u2705 \u89e3\u51b3&#xff1a;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 wait\/waitpid &#xff1b;\u6216\u8005\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63d0\u524d\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u8ba9 init(1\u53f7\u8fdb\u7a0b) \u6536\u517b\u56de\u6536<\/li>\n<li>\u5b64\u513f\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u7ed3\u675f&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab 1\u53f7init\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6536\u517b&#xff0c;\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6536&#xff0c;\u65e0\u5371\u5bb3<\/li>\n<p>1.8 exec \u51fd\u6570\u65cf<\/p>\n<p>execl \/ execlp \/ execv \/ execvp<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u90e8&#xff0c;\u66ff\u6362\u6587\u672c\u6bb5\u4e3a\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;PID\u4e0d\u53d8&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\n\u5e38\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;fork \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 exec \u6267\u884c\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>2.1 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p>\u7ebf\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u662f CPU\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d<br \/>\n\u7ebf\u7a0b\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u81f3\u5c11\u67091\u4e2a\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<br \/>\n\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab&#xff1a;\u5806\u533a\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3001.data\/.bss\/\u6587\u672c\u6bb5<br \/>\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u79c1\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u6808\u533a&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba48M&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>2.2 \u8fdb\u7a0b VS \u7ebf\u7a0b \u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260902054052-6a97b6e471b77.jpg\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879 \u8fdb\u7a0b \u7ebf\u7a0b<br \/>\n\u8d44\u6e90\u5c5e\u6027 \u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d CPU\u8c03\u5ea6\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d<br \/>\n\u521b\u5efa\u5f00\u9500 \u5927&#xff0c;\u5b8c\u6574\u62f7\u8d1d\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58 \u6781\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u5206\u914d\u72ec\u7acb\u6808<br \/>\n\u5185\u5b58\u9694\u79bb \u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb&#xff0c;\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270 \u5171\u4eab\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u6808\u79c1\u6709<br \/>\n\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f \u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u9760IPC\u673a\u5236 \u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u5199\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf&#xff08;\u9700\u8981\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u4fdd\u62a4&#xff09;<br \/>\n\u5b89\u5168\u6027 \u9ad8&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5d29\u6e83\u4e92\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd \u4f4e&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5d29\u6e83&#xff0c;\u6574\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5168\u90e8\u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>2.3 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6838\u5fc3\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u7f16\u8bd1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93&#xff1a; gcc test.c -o test -pthread<\/p>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/li>\n<p>c<\/p>\n<p>int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr,<br \/>\nvoid *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u7a0bID\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5c5e\u6027(NULL\u9ed8\u8ba4)\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u3001\u4f20\u7ed9\u4efb\u52a1\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de&#xff1a;\u6210\u529f0&#xff0c;\u5931\u8d25\u9519\u8bef\u7801<\/p>\n<li>\u8d44\u6e90\u56de\u6536<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>pthread_join(thread, &amp;retval) &#xff1a;\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f&#xff0c;\u56de\u6536\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u975e\u5206\u79bb\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u56de\u6536<\/li>\n<li>pthread_detach(tid) &#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5206\u79bb\u5c5e\u6027&#xff0c;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6536&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981join<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2.4 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u4e92\u65a5<\/p>\n<p>\u4e92\u65a5&#xff08;\u7ade\u4e89\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1a;\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<br \/>\n\u4e34\u754c\u533a&#xff1a;\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5<\/p>\n<p>\u5de5\u5177&#xff1a;\u4e92\u65a5\u9501  pthread_mutex_t<br \/>\n\u63a5\u53e3&#xff1a; pthread_mutex_init  \/  lock  \/  unlock  \/  destroy<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6b65&#xff08;\u63a7\u5236\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u5de5\u5177&#xff1a;\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf  sem_t<br \/>\nsem_init  \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001 sem_wait(P-1\u7533\u8bf7) \u3001 sem_post(V&#043;1\u91ca\u653e)<\/p>\n<p>2.5 \u6b7b\u9501<\/p>\n<p>\u6b7b\u9501&#xff1a;\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e92\u76f8\u6301\u6709\u5bf9\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u7684\u9501&#xff0c;\u4e92\u76f8\u7b49\u5f85&#xff0c;\u6c38\u4e45\u963b\u585e<br \/>\n\u2705 \u6b7b\u9501\u56db\u5927\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u4e92\u65a5\u3001\u6301\u6709\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u5265\u593a\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85<br \/>\n\u2705 \u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u7edf\u4e00\u9501\u7533\u8bf7\u987a\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9501\u8d85\u65f6  pthread_mutex_trylock<\/li>\n<li>\u7834\u574f\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u6761\u4ef6<\/li>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001IPC \u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<p>IPC&#xff1a;Inter Process Communication&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u7684\u673a\u5236<br \/>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u65b9\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u501f\u52a9\u5185\u6838\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684IPC\u901a\u9053<\/p>\n<p>IPC \u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n<li>\u4f20\u7edf\u901a\u4fe1&#xff1a;\u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053 pipe\u3001\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053 fifo\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7 signal<\/li>\n<li>System V IPC&#xff1a;\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u96c6<\/li>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1&#xff1a;socket&#xff08;\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u4fe1&#xff09;<\/li>\n<p>3.1 \u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053 pipe<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4&#xff1a;\u6709\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff08;\u7236\u5b50\u3001\u5144\u5f1f&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff0c;FIFO\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa&#xff0c;\u534a\u53cc\u5de5&#xff08;\u5355\u5411\u901a\u4fe1&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a; int pipe(int pipefd[2]);<\/li>\n<li>pipefd[0]&#xff1a;\u8bfb\u7aef read<\/li>\n<li>pipefd[1]&#xff1a;\u5199\u7aef write<br \/>\n\u2705 \u7ba1\u90534\u4e2a\u7279\u6027&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>\u5199\u963b\u585e&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u9053\u5199\u6ee1&#xff0c;write\u963b\u585e<\/li>\n<li>\u8bfb\u963b\u585e&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u9053\u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff0c;read\u963b\u585e<\/li>\n<li>\u8bfb\u8fd4\u56de0&#xff1a;\u6240\u6709\u5199\u7aef\u5173\u95ed&#xff0c;read\u8bfb\u52300&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u8868\u901a\u9053\u5173\u95ed<\/li>\n<li>\u7ba1\u9053\u7834\u88c2&#xff1a;\u6240\u6709\u8bfb\u7aef\u5173\u95ed&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eedwrite \u2192 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6536\u5230SIGPIPE\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec8\u6b62<\/li>\n<p>3.2 \u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053 FIFO mkfifo<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4&#xff1a;\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u673a\u4efb\u610f\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff08;\u65e0\u4eb2\u7f18\u9650\u5236&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\u5b58\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5165\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff1a; mkfifo()  \u521b\u5efa\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6 \u2192 open\u6253\u5f00 \u2192 read\/write\u8bfb\u5199 \u2192 close\u5173\u95ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3.3 \u4fe1\u53f7 signal<\/p>\n<p>\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff1a;\u5f02\u6b65\u8f6f\u4e2d\u65ad&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u643a\u5e26\u5927\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u4f20\u9012\u901a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6<br \/>\n\u5e38\u89c1\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>SIGINT 2 &#xff1a;Ctrl&#043;C \u7ec8\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>SIGQUIT 3 &#xff1a;Ctrl&#043;\\\\<\/li>\n<li>SIGKILL 9 &#xff1a;\u5f3a\u5236\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u6355\u83b7\u5ffd\u7565<\/li>\n<li>SIGSEGV 11 &#xff1a;\u6bb5\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n<li>SIGALRM 14 &#xff1a;alarm\u5b9a\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u95f9\u949f\u4fe1\u53f7<\/li>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u63a5\u53e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>signal(int signum, sighandler_t handler) &#xff1a;\u6ce8\u518c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>kill(pid_t pid, int sig) &#xff1a;\u5411\u6307\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>alarm(unsigned int sec) &#xff1a;\u5b9a\u65f6&#xff0c;\u65f6\u95f4\u5230\u53d1\u9001SIGALRM<\/li>\n<li>pause() &#xff1a;\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u610f\u4fe1\u53f7<\/li>\n<p>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u89c4\u5219<br \/>\n\u4fe1\u53f7\u9ed8\u8ba4\u52a8\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u5ffd\u7565\u3001\u6682\u505c&#xff1b;\u4fe1\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6355\u83b7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<p>3.4 System V IPC<\/p>\n<p>&#xff08;1&#xff09;\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u6838\u7ef4\u62a4\u94fe\u8868&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8bfb\u53d6<br \/>\n\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff1a; ftok()  \u83b7\u53d6key \u2192  msgget()  \u521b\u5efa\u961f\u5217 \u2192  msgsnd() \u53d1\u9001 \u2192  msgrcv() \u63a5\u6536 \u2192  msgctl() \u5220\u9664\u961f\u5217<\/p>\n<p>&#xff08;2&#xff09;\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u5febIPC&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6620\u5c04\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u6838\u5185\u5b58\u5230\u5404\u81ea\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5e26\u540c\u6b65\u4e92\u65a5&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u624b\u52a8\u642d\u914d\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\/\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u9632\u6b62\u7ade\u4e89\u8bbf\u95ee<br \/>\n\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff1a; shmget  \u521b\u5efa \u2192  shmat  \u6620\u5c04\u6302\u8f7d \u2192 \u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u5199\u5185\u5b58 \u2192  shmdt  \u5378\u8f7d \u2192  shmctl  \u5220\u9664<\/p>\n<p>&#xff08;3&#xff09;\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u96c6<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u540c\u6b65\u4e92\u65a5&#xff0c;\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0bsem\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ec4\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<p>3.5 Socket \u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/p>\n<p>\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u672c\u673a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u4e3b\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1&#xff08;TCP\/UDP&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684IPC&#xff0c;\u540e\u7eed\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u91cd\u70b9\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u603b\u7ed3 &amp; 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signal<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u9ad8\u901f\u4f20\u8f93&#xff1a;\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;\u642d\u914d\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u6309\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u53d1\u6d88\u606f&#xff1a;\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217<\/li>\n<li>\u8de8\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u4fe1&#xff1a;socket TCP\/UDP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u540e\u7eed\u62d3\u5c55&#xff1a;\u7ed3\u5408\u672c\u6b21 TCP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\/\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u5b8c\u6210\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u804a\u5929\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u4f20\u8f93\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\u7efc\u5408\u5b9e\u6218\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u524d\u8a00<br \/>\n\u672c\u7bc7\u7b14\u8bb0\u6574\u7406 Linux \u5e94\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u6838\u5fc3\u4e09\u5927\u6a21\u5757&#xff1a;\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001IPC\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux\u3001\u540e\u7aef C 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