{"id":99338,"date":"2026-09-02T13:25:15","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T05:25:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/99338.html"},"modified":"2026-09-02T13:25:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T05:25:15","slug":"%e3%80%90linux%e3%80%91-%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%883%ef%bc%89%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e5%88%b0%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e7%8a%b6%e6%80%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/99338.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux\u3011 \u8fdb\u7a0b\uff083\uff09\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4ece\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0 Linux \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790：\u4ece\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5728 Linux \u4e2d，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bcf\u65f6\u6bcf\u523b\u90fd\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c，\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.1 ps \u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/h4>\n

ps（process status）\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67e5\u770b\u5de5\u5177，\u5b83\u62a5\u544a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u7ec4\u5408：ps aux<\/span><\/p>\n

ps aux<\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：<\/span><\/p>\n

USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
\nroot 1 0.0 0.1 169248 13136 ? Ss 08:00 0:02 \/sbin\/init
\nroot 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 08:00 0:00 [kthreadd]
\nwxx 1234 0.5 1.2 523416 98304 ? Sl 08:05 0:15 .\/myapp<\/p>\n

\u5b57\u6bb5\u89e3\u8bfb：<\/span><\/p>\n\n\u5b57\u6bb5<\/span>\u542b\u4e49<\/span><\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
USER<\/span><\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u5c5e\u7528\u6237<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PID<\/span><\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b ID，\u5168\u5c40\u552f\u4e00<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%CPU<\/span><\/td>\n\u5360\u7528 CPU \u767e\u5206\u6bd4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
%MEM<\/span><\/td>\n\u5360\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u767e\u5206\u6bd4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VSZ<\/span><\/td>\n\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f（KB）<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RSS<\/span><\/td>\n\u5e38\u9a7b\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f（KB），\u5373\u5b9e\u9645\u5360\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TTY<\/span><\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec8\u7aef，? \u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u65e0\u5173（\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b）<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAT<\/span><\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001（\u540e\u6587\u8be6\u89e3）<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
START<\/span><\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIME<\/span><\/td>\n\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5360\u7528 CPU \u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COMMAND<\/span><\/td>\n\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7ec4\u5408：ps -ef<\/span><\/p>\n

ps -ef<\/p>\n

-e \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b，-f \u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0e aux \u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e：-ef \u4f1a\u663e\u793a PPID（\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b ID），\u8fd9\u5728\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7236\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
\nroot 1 0 0 08:00 ? 00:00:02 \/sbin\/init
\nroot 2 0 0 08:00 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
\nwxx 1234 1100 0 08:05 ? 00:00:15 .\/myapp<\/p>\n

\n

1.2 top \u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/h4>\n

ps \u7ed9\u7684\u662f\u5feb\u7167，\u800c top \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u5b9e\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u5237\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6bcf 3 \u79d2\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

top<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\u533a\u57df：<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u7b2c\u4e00\u884c：\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u957f\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u6570\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d（1\/5\/15 \u5206\u949f\u5e73\u5747）<\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u603b\u6570\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u3001\u7761\u7720\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf<\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u7b2c\u4e09\u884c：CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5（us \u7528\u6237\u6001\u3001sy \u5185\u6838\u6001\u3001id \u7a7a\u95f2）<\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u7b2c\u56db\u4e94\u884c：\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u4e0b\u65b9\u5217\u8868：\u6309 CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u5e38\u7528\u4ea4\u4e92\u6309\u952e：<\/span><\/p>\n\n\u6309\u952e<\/span>\u529f\u80fd<\/span><\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    P<\/span><\/td>\n\u6309 CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6392\u5e8f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M<\/span><\/td>\n\u6309\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6392\u5e8f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T<\/span><\/td>\n\u6309\u7d2f\u8ba1 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    k<\/span><\/td>\n\u6740\u6b7b\u6307\u5b9a PID \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    q<\/span><\/td>\n\u9000\u51fa top<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \n

    1.3 \/proc \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Linux \u4e2d\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002<\/span>\/proc \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5b83\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u66b4\u9732\u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784，\u5e76\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728 \/proc \u4e0b\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5176 PID \u547d\u540d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55：<\/span><\/p>\n

    ls \/proc\/1234\/<\/p>\n

    \u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6：<\/span><\/p>\n\n\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \/proc\/[pid]\/status<\/span><\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f（\u540d\u79f0\u3001PID\u3001PPID\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7b49）<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/proc\/[pid]\/cmdline<\/span><\/td>\n\u542f\u52a8\u547d\u4ee4（\u4ee5 \\\\0 \u5206\u9694\u53c2\u6570）<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/proc\/[pid]\/cwd<\/span><\/td>\n\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/proc\/[pid]\/exe<\/span><\/td>\n\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/proc\/[pid]\/maps<\/span><\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/proc\/[pid]\/fd\/<\/span><\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001：<\/span><\/p>\n

    cat \/proc\/1234\/status<\/p>\n

    Name: myapp
    \nState: S (sleeping)
    \nTgid: 1234
    \nPid: 1234
    \nPPid: 1100
    \n…
    \nVmRSS: 98304 kB<\/p>\n

    \u672c\u8d28：ps\u3001top \u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u5e95\u5c42\u90fd\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6 \/proc \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u83b7\u53d6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26<\/span><\/h3>\n

    2.1 getpid() \u4e0e getppid()<\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u5728\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8fdb\u7a0b ID：<\/span><\/p>\n

    #include <sys\/types.h>
    \n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

    pid_t getpid(void); \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 PID
    \npid_t getppid(void); \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b PID（PPID）<\/p>\n

      \n
    • getpid() \u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 PID<\/span><\/li>\n
    • getppid() \u8fd4\u56de\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 PID，\u5982\u679c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u9000\u51fa，\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1（init \u8fdb\u7a0b）<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n

      2.2 \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/span><\/h4>\n

      #include <stdio.h>
      \n#include <sys\/types.h>
      \n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

      int main() {
      \n pid_t pid = getpid();
      \n pid_t ppid = getppid();<\/p>\n

      printf("\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b PID: %d\\\\n", pid);
      \n printf("\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b PPID: %d\\\\n", ppid);<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6682\u505c，\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528 ps \u67e5\u770b
      \n while (1) {
      \n sleep(1);
      \n }<\/p>\n

      return 0;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c：<\/span><\/p>\n

      gcc -o getpid_demo getpid_demo.c
      \n.\/getpid_demo<\/p>\n

      \u8f93\u51fa：<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b PID: 5678
      \n\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b PPID: 5600<\/p>\n

      \u53e6\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u9a8c\u8bc1：<\/span><\/p>\n

      ps aux | grep getpid_demo<\/p>\n

      \n

      2.3 \u5185\u6838\u89c6\u89d2：PID \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u7684<\/span><\/h4>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7531 task_struct \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u63cf\u8ff0（\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728include\/linux\/sched.h）\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0e PID \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5：<\/span><\/p>\n

      struct task_struct {
      \n pid_t pid; \/\/ \u8fdb\u7a0b ID
      \n pid_t tgid; \/\/ \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ec4 ID（\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u6001，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 tgid == pid）
      \n struct task_struct *real_parent; \/\/ \u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
      \n struct task_struct *parent; \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u901a\u5e38\u76f8\u540c）
      \n \/\/ …
      \n};<\/p>\n

      getpid() \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\u2014\u2014\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b task_struct \u4e2d\u7684 tgid \u5b57\u6bb5：<\/span><\/p>\n

      \/\/ kernel\/sys.c
      \nSYSCALL_DEFINE0(getpid)
      \n{
      \n return task_tgid_vnr(current); \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 tgid
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f tgid \u800c\u4e0d\u662f pid？<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 Linux \u4e2d，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u9762\u90fd\u7528 task_struct \u8868\u793a\u3002\u5bf9\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 pid（\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b ID），\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a tgid（\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ec4 ID）\u3002\u7528\u6237\u6001\u770b\u5230\u7684"\u8fdb\u7a0b ID"\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f tgid\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e09\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u2014\u2014fork \u521d\u8bc6<\/span><\/h3>\n

      3.1 fork \u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b<\/span><\/h4>\n

      #include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

      pid_t fork(void);<\/p>\n

      fork \u662f Unix\/Linux \u4e2d\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8c03\u7528 fork \u540e，\u5185\u6838\u4f1a：<\/span><\/p>\n

    • \u4e3a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7684 task_struct<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u590d\u5236\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90（\u9875\u8868\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8868\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u7b49）<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ece fork \u8fd4\u56de\u5904\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c<\/span><\/li>\n
      \n

      3.2 fork \u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c \u2014\u2014\u00a0 \u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528，\u4e24\u6b21\u8fd4\u56de<\/span><\/h4>\n

      \u8fd9\u662f fork \u6700\u7cbe\u5999\u4e5f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u5730\u65b9：<\/span><\/p>\n\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/span>\u542b\u4e49<\/span><\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
      > 0<\/span><\/td>\n\u5728\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 PID<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      = 0<\/span><\/td>\n\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u8fd4\u56de 0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -1<\/span><\/td>\n\u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25（\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0a\u9650\u6216\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3）<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u7ecf\u5178\u793a\u4f8b：<\/span><\/p>\n

      #include <stdio.h>
      \n#include <sys\/types.h>
      \n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

      int main() {
      \n printf("fork \u4e4b\u524d，PID = %d\\\\n", getpid());<\/p>\n

      pid_t ret = fork();<\/p>\n

      if (ret < 0) {
      \n perror("fork \u5931\u8d25");
      \n return 1;
      \n } else if (ret == 0) {
      \n \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84
      \n printf("\u3010\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3011PID = %d, PPID = %d, fork \u8fd4\u56de\u503c = %d\\\\n",
      \n getpid(), getppid(), ret);
      \n } else {
      \n \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84
      \n printf("\u3010\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3011PID = %d, \u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b PID = %d, fork \u8fd4\u56de\u503c = %d\\\\n",
      \n getpid(), ret, ret);
      \n }<\/p>\n

      return 0;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c：<\/span><\/p>\n

      gcc -o fork_demo fork_demo.c
      \n.\/fork_demo<\/p>\n

      \u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa：<\/span><\/p>\n

      fork \u4e4b\u524d，PID = 6000
      \n\u3010\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3011PID = 6000, \u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b PID = 6001, fork \u8fd4\u56de\u503c = 6001
      \n\u3010\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3011PID = 6001, PPID = 6000, fork \u8fd4\u56de\u503c = 0<\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u6ce8\u610f：\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684，\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u6253\u5370，\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u6253\u5370\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      3.3 \u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d（Copy-On-Write, COW）<\/span><\/h4>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u65e9\u671f\u7684 fork \u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u628a\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b8c\u6574\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\u7ed9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u6548\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u5c31\u8c03\u7528 exec \u66ff\u6362\u6389\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4，\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5168\u767d\u8d39\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u73b0\u4ee3 Linux \u91c7\u7528\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u4f18\u5316：<\/span><\/p>\n

    • fork \u65f6，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9875\u8868\u6307\u5411\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u9875\u9762（\u53ea\u8bfb\u5171\u4eab）<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9875\u9762\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u5f53\u4efb\u4e00\u65b9\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5199\u5165\u67d0\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u65f6，\u89e6\u53d1\u7f3a\u9875\u5f02\u5e38（Page Fault）<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u5185\u6838\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u65b9\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7269\u7406\u9875\u9762，\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u9875\u8868\u6620\u5c04<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u4e4b\u540e\u53cc\u65b9\u5404\u81ea\u62e5\u6709\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u526f\u672c<\/span><\/li>\n

      fork \u524d:
      \n \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9875\u8868 \u2500\u2500\u2192 \u7269\u7406\u9875\u9762 A（\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199）<\/p>\n

      fork \u540e（COW）:
      \n \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9875\u8868 \u2500\u2500\u2192 \u7269\u7406\u9875\u9762 A（\u53ea\u8bfb） \u2190\u2500\u2500 \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9875\u8868<\/p>\n

      \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5199\u5165\u9875\u9762 A \u65f6:
      \n \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9875\u8868 \u2500\u2500\u2192 \u7269\u7406\u9875\u9762 A'（\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199，A \u7684\u526f\u672c）
      \n \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9875\u8868 \u2500\u2500\u2192 \u7269\u7406\u9875\u9762 A（\u53ea\u8bfb）<\/p>\n

      COW \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf：<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u53ea\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u53d1\u751f\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u624d\u590d\u5236，fork \u4e4b\u540e\u7acb\u5373 exec \u7684\u573a\u666f\u51e0\u4e4e\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      3.4 fork \u4e4b\u540e\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u4ec0\u4e48？<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\u8d44\u6e90<\/span>\u662f\u5426\u5171\u4eab<\/span>\u8bf4\u660e<\/span><\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5（text）<\/span><\/td>\n\u5171\u4eab（\u53ea\u8bfb）<\/span><\/td>\n\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539，\u5929\u7136\u5171\u4eab<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u6570\u636e\u6bb5\/\u5806\/\u6808<\/span><\/td>\n\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d<\/span><\/td>\nCOW \u673a\u5236<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8868<\/span><\/td>\n\u5171\u4eab（\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570）<\/span><\/td>\n\u7236\u5b50\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u504f\u79fb<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/td>\n\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/td>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u8fdb\u7a0b ID<\/span><\/td>\n\u4e0d\u540c<\/span><\/td>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0 PID<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u6302\u8d77\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span><\/td>\n\u4e0d\u7ee7\u627f<\/span><\/td>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6302\u8d77\u4fe1\u53f7\u96c6\u88ab\u6e05\u7a7a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5751：<\/span><\/p>\n

      #include <stdio.h>
      \n#include <unistd.h>
      \n#include <fcntl.h><\/p>\n

      int main() {
      \n int fd = open("test.txt", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0644);<\/p>\n

      pid_t pid = fork();<\/p>\n

      if (pid == 0) {
      \n \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5199\u5165
      \n write(fd, "child\\\\n", 6);
      \n } else {
      \n \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5199\u5165
      \n write(fd, "parent\\\\n", 7);
      \n }<\/p>\n

      close(fd);
      \n return 0;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u7531\u4e8e\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6\u504f\u79fb\u91cf，\u4e24\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u8986\u76d6，\u800c\u662f\u4f9d\u6b21\u8ffd\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 fork \u540e\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      \u56db\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/h3>\n

      4.1 Linux \u5185\u6838\u6e90\u7801\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4<\/span><\/h4>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5934\u6587\u4ef6 include\/linux\/sched.h \u4e2d，\u901a\u8fc7 task_struct \u7684 __state \u5b57\u6bb5\u8868\u793a：<\/span><\/p>\n

      struct task_struct {
      \n volatile long state; \/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped *\/
      \n \/\/ …
      \n};<\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728 include\/linux\/sched.h：<\/span><\/p>\n

      \/* Used in tsk->state: *\/
      \n#define TASK_RUNNING 0x0000
      \n#define TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE 0x0001
      \n#define TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE 0x0002
      \n#define TASK_STOPPED 0x0004
      \n#define TASK_TRACED 0x0008
      \n\/* Used in tsk->exit_state: *\/
      \n#define EXIT_ZOMBIE 0x0010
      \n#define EXIT_DEAD 0x0020
      \n\/* Used in tsk->state again: *\/
      \n#define TASK_PARKED 0x0040
      \n#define TASK_DEAD 0x0080
      \n#define TASK_WAKEKILL 0x0100
      \n#define TASK_WAKING 0x0200
      \n#define TASK_NOLOAD 0x0400
      \n#define TASK_NEW 0x0800
      \n#define TASK_STATE_MAX 0x1000<\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6ce8\u610f：state \u5b57\u6bb5\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u72b6\u6001，exit_state \u5b57\u6bb5\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u9000\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u72b6\u6001（\u50f5\u5c38\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1）\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      4.2 \u4e03\u5927\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u8be6\u89e3<\/span><\/h4>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n\n\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\u5b57\u7b26<\/span>\u5185\u6838\u5b8f<\/span>\u6838\u5fc3\u542b\u4e49<\/span><\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u8fd0\u884c\u6001<\/span><\/td>\nR<\/span><\/td>\nTASK_RUNNING<\/span><\/td>\n\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u6216\u5728\u5c31\u7eea\u961f\u5217\u7b49\u5f85 CPU<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720<\/span><\/td>\nS<\/span><\/td>\nTASK_INTERRUPTIBLE<\/span><\/td>\n\u7b49\u5f85\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u53ef\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u5524\u9192<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720<\/span><\/td>\nD<\/span><\/td>\nTASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE<\/span><\/td>\n\u7b49\u5f85 I\/O，\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u5524\u9192<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u505c\u6b62\u6001<\/span><\/td>\nT<\/span><\/td>\nTASK_STOPPED<\/span><\/td>\n\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u6682\u505c，\u7b49\u5f85 SIGCONT \u6062\u590d<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u8ffd\u8e2a\u6001<\/span><\/td>\nt<\/span><\/td>\nTASK_TRACED<\/span><\/td>\n\u88ab\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u6682\u505c（gdb \u65ad\u70b9\u547d\u4e2d）<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u50f5\u5c38\u6001<\/span><\/td>\nZ<\/span><\/td>\nEXIT_ZOMBIE<\/span><\/td>\n\u5df2\u9000\u51fa，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u672a\u56de\u6536\u8d44\u6e90<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u6b7b\u4ea1\u6001<\/span><\/td>\nX<\/span><\/td>\nEXIT_DEAD<\/span><\/td>\n\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001，task_struct \u5373\u5c06\u91ca\u653e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \u2460 R \u2014 TASK_RUNNING（\u8fd0\u884c\u6001\/\u5c31\u7eea\u6001）<\/span><\/h5>\n

      #define TASK_RUNNING 0x0000<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728 CPU \u4e0a\u6267\u884c，\u6216\u8005\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\u8c03\u5ea6<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u8fd9\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 CPU \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/li>\n
      • ps \u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e3a R<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6ce8\u610f：Linux \u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u72ec\u7684"\u5c31\u7eea\u6001"，\u5c31\u7eea\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u79f0\u4e3a TASK_RUNNING，\u533a\u522b\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u88ab CPU \u6267\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \u2461 S \u2014 TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE（\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u6001）<\/span><\/h5>\n

        #define TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE 0x0001<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f（\u5982\u7b49\u5f85\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u9501）<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u5524\u9192（\u5982 Ctrl+C \u53d1\u9001\u7684 SIGINT）<\/span><\/li>\n
        • ps \u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e3a S，\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f：sleep(10)\u3001read() \u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u3001wait() \u7b49\u5f85\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
          \u2462 D \u2014 TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE（\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u6001）<\/span><\/h5>\n

          #define TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE 0x0002<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6（\u901a\u5e38\u662f I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c，\u5982\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u5199）<\/span><\/li>\n
          • \u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u5524\u9192，\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6210\u6765\u5524\u9192<\/span><\/li>\n
          • ps \u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e3a D<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad？<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5047\u8bbe\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u78c1\u76d8 read \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528，\u5185\u6838\u5df2\u5411\u78c1\u76d8\u53d1\u51fa I\/O \u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u65f6\u5141\u8bb8\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u65ad，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5728 I\/O \u5b8c\u6210\u524d\u5c31\u9000\u51fa，\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7684 I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5b8c\u6210，\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 I\/O \u7b49\u5f85\u671f\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6392\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d\u9ad8\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u770b\u5230\u5927\u91cf D \u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u5b58\u5728\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
            \u2463 T \u2014 TASK_STOPPED（\u505c\u6b62\u6001）<\/span><\/h5>\n

            #define TASK_STOPPED 0x0004<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u6682\u505c\u6267\u884c，\u6536\u5230 SIGSTOP \u6216 SIGTSTP（Ctrl+Z）\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span><\/li>\n
            • \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 SIGCONT \u4fe1\u53f7\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c<\/span><\/li>\n
            • ps \u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e3a T<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f：\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u6309 Ctrl+Z \u5c06\u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6302\u5230\u540e\u53f0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

              sleep 100
              \n# \u6309 Ctrl+Z
              \n# [1]+ Stopped sleep 100<\/p>\n

              jobs # \u67e5\u770b\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a
              \nfg %1 # \u6062\u590d\u5230\u524d\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c
              \nbg %1 # \u5728\u540e\u53f0\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n

              \n
              \u2464 t \u2014 TASK_TRACED（\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6001）<\/span><\/h5>\n

              #define TASK_TRACED 0x0008<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u8ffd\u8e2a（\u5982 gdb \u9644\u52a0\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b）<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u65ad\u70b9\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u8fdb\u5165\u6b64\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/li>\n
              • ps \u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e3a t（\u5c0f\u5199）<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u4e0e T（STOPPED）\u7684\u533a\u522b：TRACED \u662f\u88ab\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u6682\u505c，\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u901a\u8fc7 ptrace \u6062\u590d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
                \u2465 Z \u2014 EXIT_ZOMBIE（\u50f5\u5c38\u6001）<\/span><\/h5>\n

                #define EXIT_ZOMBIE 0x0010<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f，\u4f46\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c1a\u672a\u8c03\u7528 wait() \/ waitpid() \u56de\u6536\u5176\u8d44\u6e90<\/span><\/li>\n
                • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 task_struct \u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559（\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a PID \u69fd\u4f4d），\u4f46\u7528\u6237\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u5df2\u91ca\u653e<\/span><\/li>\n
                • ps \u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e3a Z，\u901a\u5e38\u6807\u6ce8\u4e3a <defunct><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u4ea7\u751f\u7684：<\/span><\/p>\n

                  #include <stdio.h>
                  \n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

                  int main() {
                  \n pid_t pid = fork();<\/p>\n

                  if (pid == 0) {
                  \n \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b：\u7acb\u523b\u9000\u51fa
                  \n printf("\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa，PID=%d\\\\n", getpid());
                  \n _exit(0);
                  \n } else {
                  \n \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b：\u4e0d\u8c03\u7528 wait，\u4e00\u76f4\u8fd0\u884c
                  \n printf("\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d，\u4e0d\u56de\u6536\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\\\\n");
                  \n while (1) sleep(1);
                  \n }
                  \n return 0;
                  \n}<\/p>\n

                  \u8fd0\u884c\u540e\u67e5\u770b：<\/span><\/p>\n

                  ps aux | grep Z
                  \n# wxx 6500 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? Z 10:00 0:00 [zombie_demo] <defunct><\/p>\n

                  \u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b：<\/span><\/p>\n

                • \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 wait() \u6216 waitpid() \u56de\u6536<\/span><\/li>\n
                • \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ce8\u518c SIGCHLD \u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570，\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528 waitpid()<\/span><\/li>\n
                • \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u9000\u51fa，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab init（PID 1）\u6536\u517b，init \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6536<\/span><\/li>\n

                  \/\/ \u65b9\u6cd52：\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u56de\u6536
                  \nvoid sigchld_handler(int sig) {
                  \n while (waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0);
                  \n}<\/p>\n

                  int main() {
                  \n signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld_handler);
                  \n \/\/ …
                  \n}<\/p>\n

                  \n
                  \u2466 X \u2014 EXIT_DEAD（\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6001）<\/span><\/h5>\n

                  #define EXIT_DEAD 0x0020<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001，task_struct \u5373\u5c06\u88ab\u91ca\u653e<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • \u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u975e\u5e38\u77ed\u6682，ps \u51e0\u4e4e\u6355\u6349\u4e0d\u5230<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • ps \u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e3a X<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \n

                    4.3 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u56fe<\/span><\/h4>\n

                    fork()
                    \n \u65b0\u5efa \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2192 R (\u8fd0\u884c\/\u5c31\u7eea)
                    \n \u2502
                    \n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
                    \n \u2502 \u2502 \u2502
                    \n \u7b49\u5f85\u4e8b\u4ef6 \u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u5230 \u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7
                    \n \u2502 \u2502 \u2502
                    \n \u25bc \u25bc \u25bc
                    \n S (\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720) R T (\u505c\u6b62)
                    \n D (\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720) \u2502
                    \n \u2502 \u2502
                    \n \u4e8b\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6210\/\u4fe1\u53f7 SIGCONT
                    \n \u2502 \u2502
                    \n \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518
                    \n \u2502
                    \n \u25bc
                    \n R
                    \n \u2502
                    \n exit() \/ \u6536\u5230\u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7
                    \n \u2502
                    \n \u25bc
                    \n Z (\u50f5\u5c38) \u2500\u2500\u2192 wait() \u56de\u6536 \u2500\u2500\u2192 X (\u6b7b\u4ea1)<\/p>\n

                    \n

                    \u4e94\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u67e5\u770b<\/span><\/h3>\n

                    5.1 ps \u4e2d\u7684 STAT \u5217<\/span><\/h4>\n

                    \u5728 ps aux \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d，STAT \u5217\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u72b6\u6001\u5b57\u7b26\u5916，\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u9644\u52a0\u5b57\u7b26：<\/span><\/p>\n\n\u5b57\u7b26<\/span>\u542b\u4e49<\/span><\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                    R<\/span><\/td>\n\u8fd0\u884c\/\u5c31\u7eea<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    S<\/span><\/td>\n\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    D<\/span><\/td>\n\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    T<\/span><\/td>\n\u505c\u6b62<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    t<\/span><\/td>\n\u8ffd\u8e2a\u505c\u6b62<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Z<\/span><\/td>\n\u50f5\u5c38<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    X<\/span><\/td>\n\u6b7b\u4ea1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    s<\/span><\/td>\n\u4f1a\u8bdd\u9996\u8fdb\u7a0b（session leader）<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    l<\/span><\/td>\n\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    +<\/span><\/td>\n\u4f4d\u4e8e\u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    <<\/span><\/td>\n\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7（nice \u503c\u4e3a\u8d1f）<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    N<\/span><\/td>\n\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7（nice \u503c\u4e3a\u6b63）<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    L<\/span><\/td>\n\u6709\u9875\u9762\u9501\u5b9a\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                    \u4f8b\u5982 Ssl+ \u8868\u793a：\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720（S）+ \u4f1a\u8bdd\u9996\u8fdb\u7a0b（s）+ \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b（l）+ \u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4（+）\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \n

                    5.2 \u5b9e\u7528\u67e5\u770b\u6280\u5de7<\/span><\/h4>\n

                    \u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001：<\/span><\/p>\n

                    ps -o pid,stat,cmd -p 1234<\/p>\n

                    \u53ea\u770b\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b：<\/span><\/p>\n

                    ps aux | awk '$8 ~ \/Z\/'<\/p>\n

                    \u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7edf\u8ba1：<\/span><\/p>\n

                    ps aux | awk '{print $8}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn<\/p>\n

                    \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：<\/span><\/p>\n

                    42 S
                    \n 3 R
                    \n 1 Ss
                    \n 1 S+
                    \n 1 Z<\/p>\n

                    \u7528 top \u67e5\u770b\u72b6\u6001：<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u5728 top \u4e2d\u6309 f \u8fdb\u5165\u5b57\u6bb5\u9009\u62e9，\u6dfb\u52a0 S（Process Status）\u5217\u5373\u53ef\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f：<\/span><\/p>\n

                    cat \/proc\/1234\/status | grep State
                    \n# State:S (sleeping)<\/p>\n

                    \n

                    \u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\u4e3b\u9898<\/span>\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u70b9<\/span><\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                    \u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/td>\nps aux \/ ps -ef \u5feb\u7167，top \u5b9e\u65f6，\u5e95\u5c42\u8bfb \/proc<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u83b7\u53d6 PID<\/span><\/td>\ngetpid() \u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b PID，getppid() \u8fd4\u56de\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b PID<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    fork \u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/td>\n\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u4e24\u6b21\u8fd4\u56de；\u7236\u8fd4\u56de\u5b50 PID，\u5b50\u8fd4\u56de 0；COW \u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/td>\nR \u8fd0\u884c\u3001S \u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u3001D \u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u3001T \u505c\u6b62\u3001t \u8ffd\u8e2a\u3001Z \u50f5\u5c38\u3001X \u6b7b\u4ea1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u72b6\u6001\u67e5\u770b<\/span><\/td>\nps \u7684 STAT \u5217，\/proc\/[pid]\/status，\u6ce8\u610f\u9644\u52a0\u5b57\u7b26\u542b\u4e49<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u7406\u89e3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6df1\u5165 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u4ece fork \u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d41\u8f6c，\u518d\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u56de\u6536，\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u90fd\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740 task_struct \u548c\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u7406，\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5361\u6b7b\u3001\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \n

                    \"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Linux \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790：\u4ece\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u00a0\u00a0\u4e00\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728 Linux \u4e2d，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bcf\u65f6\u6bcf\u523b\u90fd\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c，\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u30021.1 ps \u547d\u4ee4ps（process status）\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67e5\u770b\u5de5\u5177，\u5b83\u62a5\u544a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7ec4\u5408：ps auxps aux\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：USER PID %<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":99335,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,58,43,78],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-99338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-linux","tag-43","tag-78"],"yoast_head":"\n\u3010Linux\u3011 \u8fdb\u7a0b\uff083\uff09\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4ece\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001 - 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