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\/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u901a\u4fd7\u5730\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u70b9\u5230\u70b9\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u6216IP\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u786c\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u6216IP\u5730\u5740\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u7684;\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u6307\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u673a\u5185\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u6765\u6807\u8bc6&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u79f0\u4e3a\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u5c4f\u853d&#xff0c;\u9ad8\u5c42\u7528\u6237\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u4ea4\u66ff\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5177\u6709\u590d\u7528\u548c\u5206\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u590d\u7528\u662f\u6307\u591a\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u5206\u7528\u662f\u6307\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5c06\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u522b\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u4e0a\u9762\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e2d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>5.\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u5b9e\u4f53\u6216\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u6709\u5e8f\u5730\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4f1a\u8bdd&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u79f0\u5efa\u7acb\u540c\u6b65(SYN)\u3002\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u673a\u95f4\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u53ef\u9760\u4f1a\u8bdd&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u901a\u4fe1\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u5931\u6548\u65f6\u4ece\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u7ee7\u7eed\u6062\u590d\u901a\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u5373\u65ad\u70b9\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>6.\u8868\u793a\u5c42<\/h5>\n<p>\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u4e3b\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u673a\u4e2d\u4ea4\u6362\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u5668\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u95f4\u80fd\u591f\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u6362&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u91c7\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u4e5f\u662f\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"background-color:transparent\">7.\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/h5>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u662fOSI\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42&#xff0c;\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bbf\u95eeOSI\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\u73af\u5883\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8981\u6c42&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u662f\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e00\u5c42&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4e5f\u6700\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.TCP\/IP\u4e94\u5c42\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260901160059-6a96f6bbb7606.png\" width=\"462\" \/><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"background-color:transparent\">1&#xff09;\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/h5>\n<p>HTTP:\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u8d85\u6587\u672c&#xff1a;\u96c6\u94fe\u63a5&#xff0c;\u56fe\u50cf&#xff0c;\u6587\u5b57&#xff0c;\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u4e8e\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>HTTPS:\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;SSL\u52a0\u5bc6&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>FTP&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u91c7\u7528TCP&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>TFTP&#xff1a;\u7b80\u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae(\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u91c7\u7528UDP)<\/p>\n<p>DNS&#xff1a;\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u57df\u540d\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aIP&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>MQTT&#xff1a;\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u9065\u6d4b\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae(\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;<\/p>\n<h5>2&#xff09;\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/h5>\n<p>TCP &#xff1a;\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae<br \/>\nUDP&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<h5>3&#xff09;\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/h5>\n<p>IPv4 &#xff1a;IP\u534f\u8bae<br \/>\nIPv6 : IP\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p>DHCP&#xff1a;\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914dIP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<p>ICMP\u534f\u8bae:\u8ba9\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u62a5\u544a\u5dee\u9519\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u79cd\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>RIP,\u00a0 OSPF,\u00a0\u00a0BGP<\/p>\n<h5>4&#xff09;\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/h5>\n<p>ARP : \u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0IP&#8212;&gt;MAC<\/p>\n<p>RARP&#xff1a;\u9006\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0MAC &#8212;&gt;IP<\/p>\n<h5>5&#xff09;\u7269\u7406\u5c42<\/h5>\n<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"background-color:transparent\">3.OSI\u4e0eTCP\/IP<\/h4>\n<p>OSI\u6a21\u578b\u4e0eTCP\/IP\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"286\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260901160059-6a96f6bbc59fc.png\" width=\"648\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"background-color:transparent\">4.\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808<\/h4>\n<p>\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143(PDU):\u5bf9\u7b49\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<br \/>\n\u670d\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143(SDU):\u5c42\u4e0e\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u534f\u8bae\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f(PCI):\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bcf\u5c42\u7684PDU\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u5982\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u7684PDU\u79f0\u4e3a\u6bd4\u7279\u6d41&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684PDU\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e27&#xff0c;\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684PDU\u79f0\u4e3a\u5206\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684PDU\u79f0\u4e3a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002<br \/>\n\u5f53\u5728\u5404\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5c06\u4ece\u7b2cn&#043;1\u5c42\u6536\u5230\u7684PDU\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2cn\u5c42\u7684SDU,\u52a0\u4e0a\u7b2cn\u5c42\u7684PCI&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e86\u7b2cn\u5c42\u7684PDU&#xff0c;\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7b2cn-1\u5c42\u540e\u4f5c\u4e3aSDU\u53d1\u9001&#xff0c;\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u65f6\u505a\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5904\u7406&#xff0c;\u7f51\u7edc\u5404\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260901160059-6a96f6bbd65b5.png\" width=\"720\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f7f\u7528\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u9876\u7aef\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u7528\u6237\u7684\u63a5\u53e3&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u9762\u5404\u5c42\u662f\u4e3a\u901a\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u7528\u6237\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u901a\u4fe1\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbe\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42&#xff0c;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143(\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42SDU)&#xff0c;\u52a0\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f(\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42PCI)&#xff0c;\u7ec4\u6210\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684PDU;\u4e0b\u653e\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u540e&#xff0c;\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684SDU&#xff0c;\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684PCI&#xff0c;\u53c8\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684PDU;\u4e0b\u653e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42&#8230;..\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u5c42\u5c42\u4e0b\u653e&#xff0c;\u5c42\u5c42\u5305\u88f9&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\u901a\u4fe1\u7ebf\u8def\u4f20\u8f93&#xff0c;\u5230\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u8282\u70b9\u534f\u8bae\u6808&#xff0c;\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u9006\u5411\u9010\u5c42\u5730\u62c6\u5f00\u201c\u5305\u88f9\u201d&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"561\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260901160059-6a96f6bbe9127.png\" width=\"953\" \/>\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7&#xff1a; 16\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u503c 0-65535 unsigned short<br \/>\n\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\n\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7&#xff1b;<br \/>\n\u901a\u8baf\u65f6\u7528\u6765\u533a\u5206\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u7c7b&#xff1a;<br \/>\n1&#xff09;\u4efb\u4f55TCP\/IP\u5b9e\u73b0\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u90fd\u75281-1023\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<br \/>\nhttp &#xff1a; 80<br \/>\nFTP&#xff1a; 20\/21<br \/>\nTFPT: 69<br \/>\nHTTPS: 443<br \/>\nMQTT\u534f\u8bae:1883<br \/>\n2&#xff09;\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4ece1024-49151\u662f\u88ab\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7&#xff0c;\u88abIANA\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7279\u6b8a\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n3&#xff09;\u4ece49152-65535\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6216\u79c1\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"background-color:transparent\">\u4e8c. \u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u6865\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f<br \/>\n1. \u865a\u62df\u673a&#8212;\u300b\u8bbe\u7f6e&#8212;\u300b\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668&#8212;-\u300b\u6865\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f&#8212;-\u300b\u786e\u5b9a<br \/>\n2. \u7f16\u8f91&#8212;\u300b\u865a\u62df\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u8f91\u5668&#8212;\u300b\u66f4\u6539\u8bbe\u7f6e&#8212;\u300bVmnet0&#8212;\u300b\u6865\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f&#8212;\u300b\u6865\u63a5\u5230&#xff1a;Windows\u6b63\u5728\u4e0a\u7f51\u7684\u7f51\u5361&#8211;\u300b\u5e94\u7528&#8212;\u300b\u786e\u5b9a<br \/>\n3. \u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nsudo vim \/etc\/network\/interfaces<\/p>\n<p>auto lo<br \/>\niface lo inet loopback<br \/>\nauto ens33<br \/>\niface ens33 inet dhcp<\/p>\n<p>4. \u91cd\u542f\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>sudo \/etc\/init.d\/networking restart<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u91cd\u542f\u4e0d\u884c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f<br \/>\nsudo reboot<\/p>\n<p>5. ifconfig<br \/>\n\u67e5\u770bLinux\u4e0b\u7684\u7f51\u5361\u4fe1\u606f<br \/>\nipconfig<br \/>\n\u67e5\u770bwindows\u4e0b\u7684\u7f51\u5361\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<p>6.ping www.baidu.com<br \/>\n\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u901a<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09. UDP\u534f\u8bae<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42&#xff1a;<br \/>\nUDP\u534f\u8bae&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;User Datagrams Protocal&#xff09;<br \/>\n1. \u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b<br \/>\nB\/S &#xff1a;Browser\/Server &#xff1a; \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\/\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n<p>1. \u901a\u7528\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#xff08;\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#xff09;<br \/>\n2. \u6570\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7aef<br \/>\n3. \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u7aef<\/p>\n<p>C\/S &#xff1a;Client \/ Server &#xff1a;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\/\u670d\u52a1\u7aef<\/p>\n<p>1. \u4e13\u7528\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<br \/>\n2. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90<br \/>\n3. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1<\/p>\n<p>2. UDP\u901a\u4fe1<br \/>\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u670d\u52a1\u7aef&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"373\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260901160100-6a96f6bc1e4d5.png\" width=\"658\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>socket<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0domain&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u65cf<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 AF_INET : IPv4 &#xff08;\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42&#xff09;<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 AF_INET6 &#xff1a;IPv6<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0type &#xff1a;\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0SOCK_STREAM : TCP<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0SOCK_DGRAM : UDP<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0protocol &#xff1a;0 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u65b9\u5f0f<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6210\u529f&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26&#xff08;\u5957\u63a5\u5b57&#xff09;<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5931\u8d25&#xff1a;-1<\/p>\n<p>\u5957\u63a5\u5b57&#xff1a;\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7aef\u53e3&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sendto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ssize_t sendto(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags,<br \/>\nconst struct sockaddr *dest_addr, socklen_t addrlen);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u53d1\u9001udp\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6587<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br \/>\nsockfd&#xff1a;\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<br \/>\nbuf &#xff1a; \u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5730\u5740<br \/>\nlen&#xff1a;\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u8282\u6570<br \/>\nflags &#xff1a; 0 \u6309\u7167\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001<br \/>\ndest_addr&#xff1a;\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;IP &#043; PORT&#xff09;<br \/>\naddrlen :\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u957f\u5ea6<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u6210\u529f&#xff1a;\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570<br \/>\n\u5931\u8d25&#xff1a;-1<br \/>\nstruct sockaddr_in {<br \/>\nsa_family_t sin_family; \/* address family: AF_INET *\/<br \/>\nin_port_t sin_port; \/* port in network byte order *\/<br \/>\nstruct in_addr sin_addr; \/* internet address *\/<br \/>\n};<br \/>\n\/* Internet address. *\/<br \/>\nstruct in_addr {<br \/>\nuint32_t \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0s_addr; \/* address in network byte order*\/<br \/>\n};<br \/>\n0x1122<br \/>\n0x2211<br \/>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u5927\u7aef &#xff08;\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u4f4e\u5b57\u8282\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u9ad8\u5b57\u8282\u4f4d&#xff09;<br \/>\n\u4e3b\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u5c0f\u7aef &#xff08;\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u9ad8\u5b57\u8282\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u4f4e\u5b57\u8282\u4f4d&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>host&#8211;\u300bnet s short l 4\u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>htons &#xff1a;2\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u8f6c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>htonl &#xff1a;4\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u8f6c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>ntohs &#xff1a;2\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u8f6c\u4e3b\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>ntohl &#xff1a;4\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u8f6c\u4e3b\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>inet_addr<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>in_addr_t inet_addr(const char *cp);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u5c06\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32IP\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u621032\u4f4d\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236IP\u5730\u5740\u5f62\u5f0f<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br \/>\ncp&#xff1a;\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32IP\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u6574\u5f62ip\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bind<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,<br \/>\nsocklen_t addrlen);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5f53\u524d\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\u53ca\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br \/>\nsockfd&#xff1a;\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<br \/>\naddr&#xff1a;\u8981\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u6307\u9488<br \/>\naddrlen&#xff1a;\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u957f\u5ea6<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u6210\u529f&#xff1a;0<br \/>\n\u5931\u8d25&#xff1a;-1<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>recvfrom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ssize_t recvfrom(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags,<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0struct sockaddr *src_addr, socklen_t *addrlen);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u63a5\u6536UDP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6587<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br 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