ClickHouse \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b3e\u9762\u5411\u5728\u7ebf\u5206\u6790\u5904\u7406\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5217\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93，\u4ee5\u5176\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784，\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u4ed3\u3001\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u6295\u653e\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u4ed3\u5e93\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6269\u5927，ClickHouse \u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u52a8\u8f84\u8fbe\u5230\u6570\u5341 TB \u751a\u81f3 PB \u7ea7，\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u5f88\u591a\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 ClickHouse \u7684\u521d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5，\u628a\u4e3b\u8981\u7cbe\u529b\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u5efa\u8868\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u8c03\u4f18\u548c\u96c6\u7fa4\u6269\u5bb9\u4e0a，\u5374\u5bb9\u6613\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u573a\u666f\u8fdc\u6bd4\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1：\u78c1\u76d8\u635f\u574f\u3001\u8bef\u6267\u884c DELETE \u6216 DROP \u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u5347\u7ea7\u5931\u8d25\u5bfc\u81f4\u5143\u6570\u636e\u635f\u574f\u3001\u673a\u623f\u65ad\u7535\u3001\u4eba\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8bef\u3001\u52d2\u7d22\u75c5\u6bd2\u653b\u51fb，\u751a\u81f3\u4e91\u5382\u5546\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6545\u969c，\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6765\u8bf4，\u867d\u7136\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0a\u6e38\u4e1a\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u704c，\u4f46\u56de\u704c\u6210\u672c\u5f80\u5f80\u6781\u9ad8，\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u8fc7\u805a\u5408\u3001\u53bb\u91cd\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e，\u5f80\u5f80\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u653e\u65e5\u5fd7\u6062\u590d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u4f53\u7cfb，\u662f ClickHouse \u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u843d\u5730\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece ClickHouse \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u67b6\u6784\u8bb2\u8d77，\u6df1\u5165\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51b7\u5907\u4efd\u3001FREEZE \u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u7167\u3001clickhouse-backup \u5de5\u5177\u3001\u539f\u751f BACKUP\/RESTORE \u8bed\u53e5\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u5907\u4efd\u65b9\u6848，\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u6218\u811a\u672c\u548c\u573a\u666f\u6f14\u7ec3，\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u662f\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u89e6 ClickHouse \u7684\u521d\u5b66\u8005，\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u96c6\u7fa4\u8865\u9f50\u5bb9\u707e\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8001\u624b，\u90fd\u80fd\u4ece\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u843d\u5730\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d，\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5f04\u6e05\u695a ClickHouse \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5230\u5e95\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3001\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002ClickHouse \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c，\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u57fa\u4e8e MergeTree \u8868\u5f15\u64ce\u5bb6\u65cf，\u91c7\u7528 LSM \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5206\u533a\u3001\u5206\u7247\u4e0e\u540e\u53f0\u5408\u5e76\u673a\u5236\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236，\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u6ce8\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7b80\u5355\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n
ClickHouse \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u4f4d\u4e8e \/var\/lib\/clickhouse\/，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 config.xml \u4e2d\u7684 path \u53c2\u6570\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
\/var\/lib\/clickhouse\/
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 metadata\/ # \u5143\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 default\/ # \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u76ee\u5f55
\n\u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 events.sql # \u8868\u5b9a\u4e49\u6587\u4ef6
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 default.sql # \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9a\u4e49\u6587\u4ef6
\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 system\/ # \u7cfb\u7edf\u5e93\u5143\u6570\u636e
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 data\/ # \u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 default\/ # \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u76ee\u5f55
\n\u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 events\/ # \u8868\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55
\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 202501_1_1_0\/ # \u5206\u533a\u76ee\u5f55
\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 detached\/ # \u5206\u79bb\u7684\u5206\u533a
\n\u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 format_version.txt
\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 system\/ # \u7cfb\u7edf\u5e93\u6570\u636e
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 store\/ # \u78c1\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8\u6620\u5c04
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 shadow\/ # FREEZE \u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u526f\u672c
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 tmp\/ # \u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 flags\/ # \u6807\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 format_schemas\/ # \u683c\u5f0f Schema
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 access\/ # \u7528\u6237\u548c\u6743\u9650\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6
\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 user_files\/ # \u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d metadata \u76ee\u5f55\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u8868\u7684 DDL \u5b9a\u4e49，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e93\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a .sql \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 default\/events.sql \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 ATTACH TABLE \u6216 CREATE TABLE \u8bed\u53e5，\u5305\u542b\u8868\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u952e\u3001\u5206\u533a\u952e\u7b49\u5b8c\u6574\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u635f\u574f，\u5373\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u5728，ClickHouse \u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\u8fd9\u5f20\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
data \u76ee\u5f55\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u662f\u5404\u8868\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5217\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6，\u6309\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u8868\u540d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e MergeTree \u8868，\u8868\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4f1a\u6309\u5206\u533a\u952e\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u751f\u6210\u5206\u533a\u76ee\u5f55，\u4f8b\u5982 202501_1_1_0 \u8868\u793a 2025 \u5e74 1 \u6708\u5206\u533a\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u5757\u7f16\u53f7 1\u3001\u6700\u5927\u5757\u7f16\u53f7 1\u3001\u5c42\u7ea7 0\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u653e .bin \u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001.mrk \u6807\u8bb0\u6587\u4ef6\u548c count.txt \u884c\u6570\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
MergeTree \u8868\u5f15\u64ce\u662f ClickHouse \u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce，\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e1a\u52a1\u8868\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b83\u6216\u5176\u53d8\u4f53（ReplicatedMergeTree\u3001AggregatingMergeTree\u3001ReplacingMergeTree \u7b49）\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5199\u5165\u673a\u5236\u662f：\u6570\u636e\u5148\u4ee5 Part（\u6570\u636e\u7247）\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8，\u540e\u53f0\u4f1a\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f Part \u5408\u5e76\u6210\u5927 Part\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u540e\u679c\u662f：\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316，Part \u4f1a\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5408\u5e76\u548c\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4，\u6bcf\u6b21 INSERT \u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 Part \u76ee\u5f55，\u547d\u540d\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a \u5206\u533a_\u6700\u5c0f\u5757\u53f7_\u6700\u5927\u5757\u53f7_\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002\u5f53\u540e\u53f0\u5408\u5e76\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a Part \u5408\u5e76\u540e，\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0 Part，\u5e76\u628a\u65e7 Part \u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u671f，\u7a0d\u540e\u7269\u7406\u5220\u9664\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55，\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5199\u5165\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5426\u5219\u590d\u5236\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u96c6\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u72b6\u6001，\u6062\u590d\u540e\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u6216\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528 ReplicatedMergeTree \u8868\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u590d\u5236\u8868，ClickHouse \u4f9d\u8d56 ZooKeeper \u6765\u534f\u8c03\u591a\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\u3002ZooKeeper \u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u590d\u5236\u8868\u7684\u526f\u672c\u5217\u8868\u3001Part \u6e05\u5355\u3001\u961f\u5217\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5757\u7f16\u53f7\u5206\u914d\u7b49\u5143\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5907\u4efd\u590d\u5236\u8868\u65f6，\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5907\u4efd ClickHouse \u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684，\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651 ZooKeeper \u5143\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5907\u4efd，\u5426\u5219\u6062\u590d\u540e\u526f\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4，\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4，ReplicatedMergeTree \u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd\u540e\u6062\u590d\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u6062\u590d\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u8282\u70b9，\u7136\u540e\u8ba9\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90，\u901a\u8fc7 ZooKeeper \u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u526f\u672c\u540c\u6b65\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c ZooKeeper \u4e2d\u8be5\u8868\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u635f\u574f\u6216\u4e22\u5931，\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u6062\u590d\u590d\u5236\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5907\u4efd\u65b9\u6848\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u987e ClickHouse \u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c ZooKeeper \u5143\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u52a8\u624b\u5199\u5907\u4efd\u811a\u672c\u4e4b\u524d，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u660e\u786e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u9009\u578b\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u5907\u4efd\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u300c\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\u300d，\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u95f4\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u6062\u590d\u70b9\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6210\u672c\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u5bf9\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927，\u76f2\u76ee\u8ffd\u6c42\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u51b7\u5907\u4efd\u662f\u6307\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u8868\u5904\u4e8e\u51bb\u7ed3\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6b64\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u5199\u5165\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c，\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u5373\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5feb\u7167\u3002\u51b7\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6709\u4fdd\u8bc1；\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u505c\u673a\u6216\u51bb\u7ed3\u671f\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1，\u5bf9\u4e8e 7×24 \u5c0f\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u70ed\u5907\u4efd\u662f\u6307\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u3002\u70ed\u5907\u4efd\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u7167\u3001FREEZE \u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u70ed\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e0d\u4e2d\u65ad，\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742，\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u5199\u5165\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53d8\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
RPO（Recovery Point Objective，\u6062\u590d\u70b9\u76ee\u6807）\u662f\u6307\u707e\u96be\u53d1\u751f\u540e，\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e22\u5931\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 RPO \u4e3a 1 \u5c0f\u65f6，\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6700\u591a\u5141\u8bb8\u4e22\u5931\u6700\u8fd1 1 \u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002RPO \u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u9891\u7387：\u5168\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u52a0\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8d8a\u77ed，RPO \u8d8a\u5c0f，\u4f46\u5907\u4efd\u5f00\u9500\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n
RTO（Recovery Time Objective，\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u95f4\u76ee\u6807）\u662f\u6307\u707e\u96be\u53d1\u751f\u540e，\u4ece\u5f00\u59cb\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e1a\u52a1\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 RTO \u4e3a 2 \u5c0f\u65f6，\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9700\u8981\u5728 2 \u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u6062\u590d\u3002RTO \u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5907\u4efd\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u6062\u590d\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6：\u4f7f\u7528\u88f8\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u6062\u590d\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u538b\u7f29\u5907\u4efd\u5305\u6062\u590d\u66f4\u5feb，\u672c\u5730\u5907\u4efd\u6bd4\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5907\u4efd\u65b9\u6848\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u65b9\u660e\u786e RPO \u548c RTO \u6307\u6807，\u7136\u540e\u636e\u6b64\u9009\u62e9\u5907\u4efd\u9891\u7387\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u4ecb\u8d28\u548c\u6062\u590d\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u4ea4\u6613\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e，\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981 RPO \u63a5\u8fd1 0\u3001RTO \u5728\u5c0f\u65f6\u7ea7；\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e，RPO \u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5bbd\u5230\u5929\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n
ClickHouse \u5907\u4efd\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u79cd：<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u540c\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6210\u672c\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d，\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u300c\u5168\u91cf\u5907\u4efd + \u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u300d\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u7b56\u7565：\u5b9a\u671f\u505a\u5168\u91cf\u5907\u4efd，\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5206\u533a\u505a\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd，\u4ee5\u5e73\u8861\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u51b7\u5907\u4efd\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5907\u4efd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u4e00\u79cd，\u4e5f\u662f\u7406\u89e3 ClickHouse \u5907\u4efd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u6709\u9650，\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u7a97\u53e3\u671f\u5141\u8bb8\u77ed\u6682\u505c\u673a\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1，\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b8c\u6574\u51b7\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def\u662f：\u5148\u505c\u6b62 ClickHouse \u670d\u52a1，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u5904\u4e8e\u9759\u6b62\u72b6\u6001，\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u6574\u4f53\u6253\u5305\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5907\u4efd\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u6700\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
# 1. \u505c\u6b62 ClickHouse \u670d\u52a1
\nsudo systemctl stop clickhouse-server
\n2. \u786e\u8ba4\u670d\u52a1\u5df2\u505c\u6b62，\u6ca1\u6709\u6b8b\u7559\u8fdb\u7a0b
\nps -ef | grep clickhouse | grep -v grep
\n3. \u521b\u5efa\u5907\u4efd\u76ee\u5f55
\nBACKUP_DIR=\/data\/backup\/clickhouse_full_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
\nmkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
\n4. \u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55
\ncp -a \/var\/lib\/clickhouse "$BACKUP_DIR\/data"
\ncp -a \/etc\/clickhouse-server "$BACKUP_DIR\/config"
\n5. \u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8 ClickHouse \u670d\u52a1
\nsudo systemctl start clickhouse-server
\n6. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5907\u4efd\u5b8c\u6574\u6027
\nls -lh "$BACKUP_DIR\/data"
\ndu -sh "$BACKUP_DIR\/data"<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4e2d，cp -a \u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u5f52\u6863\u65b9\u5f0f\u590d\u5236，\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f，\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e ClickHouse \u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981，\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u548c\u6743\u9650\u5728\u6062\u590d\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u539f\u6765\u4e00\u81f4，\u5426\u5219\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927，\u76f4\u63a5 cp \u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u66f4\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u8fb9\u538b\u7f29\u8fb9\u6253\u5305，\u4f7f\u7528 tar \u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop clickhouse-server
\nBACKUP_FILE=\/data\/backup\/clickhouse_full_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).tar.gz
\nsudo tar -czf "$BACKUP_FILE" -C \/var\/lib clickhouse -C \/etc clickhouse-server
\nsudo systemctl start clickhouse-server<\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，ClickHouse \u7684\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u9ad8（\u5217\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u4e86\u538b\u7f29），\u6240\u4ee5\u518d\u7ecf\u8fc7 gzip \u538b\u7f29\u540e\u4f53\u79ef\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c0f，\u4f46 tar \u6253\u5305\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5927\u91cf\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5907\u4efd\u4ecb\u8d28\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8，\u6253\u5305\u6210\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u66f4\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4f20\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\u654f\u611f\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528 zstd \u6216 lz4 \u538b\u7f29，\u517c\u987e\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u4f53\u79ef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u51b7\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6062\u590d\u540c\u6837\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5：\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1，\u6e05\u7a7a\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55，\u5c06\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u539f\u5230\u539f\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u7136\u540e\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，\u6062\u590d\u524d\u8981\u5907\u4efd\u5f53\u524d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u636e，\u907f\u514d\u8986\u76d6\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u9000\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u5047\u8bbe\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a \/data\/backup\/clickhouse_full_20250120_030000.tar.gz
\n1. \u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1
\nsudo systemctl stop clickhouse-server
\n2. \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u79fb\u8d70，\u4fbf\u4e8e\u56de\u9000
\nsudo mv \/var\/lib\/clickhouse \/var\/lib\/clickhouse_bak_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
\n3. \u89e3\u538b\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6
\nsudo mkdir -p \/var\/lib\/clickhouse
\nsudo tar -xzf \/data\/backup\/clickhouse_full_20250120_030000.tar.gz -C \/var\/lib
\n4. \u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005
\nsudo chown -R clickhouse:clickhouse \/var\/lib\/clickhouse
\n5. \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1
\nsudo systemctl start clickhouse-server
\n6. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e
\nclickhouse-client –query "SELECT count() FROM default.events"<\/p>\n
\u51b7\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u9ad8，\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u505c\u673a，\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5728\u7ebf\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u601d\u8def\u2014\u2014\u300c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\u523b\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u81f4\u9759\u6b62\u72b6\u6001\u300d\u2014\u2014\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5907\u4efd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9，\u5c31\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 FREEZE \u547d\u4ee4\u548c clickhouse-backup \u5de5\u5177\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u5199\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u505c\u673a，\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u60f3\u5f15\u5165\u989d\u5916\u5de5\u5177，\u90a3\u4e48 ClickHouse \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 FREEZE \u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6298\u4e2d\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5feb\u7167，\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5bb9\u5730\u590d\u5236\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5feb\u7167，\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u62c5\u5fc3\u5e76\u53d1\u5199\u5165\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n
FREEZE \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u662f\u300c\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u5f71\u5b50\u526f\u672c\u300d\u3002\u5f53\u5bf9\u8868\u6267\u884c FREEZE \u540e，ClickHouse \u4f1a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 shadow\/N\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u8868\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f：\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a inode，\u4e0d\u989d\u5916\u5360\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4，\u4f46\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7531\u4e8e MergeTree \u7684\u5408\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u662f\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684 Part \u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u518d\u5220\u9664\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u5730\u4fee\u6539，\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u526f\u672c\u59cb\u7ec8\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8，\u5373\u4f7f FREEZE \u4e4b\u540e\u8868\u7ee7\u7eed\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5408\u5e76\u65e7 Part，\u5f71\u5b50\u526f\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5de7\u5999\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e：\u5b83\u5229\u7528 Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u7279\u6027，\u4ee5\u51e0\u4e4e\u96f6\u6210\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5feb\u7167，\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u70ed\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u3002FREEZE \u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u300c\u5148\u51bb\u7ed3\u3001\u540e\u590d\u5236\u300d\u7684\u70ed\u5907\u4efd\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
FREEZE \u547d\u4ee4\u652f\u6301\u5e93\u7ea7\u3001\u8868\u7ea7\u548c\u5206\u533a\u7ea7\u4e09\u79cd\u7c92\u5ea6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
— \u51bb\u7ed3\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868
\nALTER DATABASE default FREEZE;
\n— \u51bb\u7ed3\u5355\u5f20\u8868
\nALTER TABLE default.events FREEZE;
\n— \u51bb\u7ed3\u8868\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u533a
\nALTER TABLE default.events FREEZE PARTITION '202501';
\n— \u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u591a\u6b21\u51bb\u7ed3，\u4f7f\u7528 WITH NAME \u6307\u5b9a\u5feb\u7167\u540d\u79f0
\nALTER TABLE default.events FREEZE WITH NAME 'backup_20250120';<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c FREEZE \u540e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u5f71\u5b50\u526f\u672c\u76ee\u5f55：<\/p>\n
ls -l \/var\/lib\/clickhouse\/shadow\/
\n# \u8f93\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c：
\n# drwxr-x— 2 clickhouse clickhouse 4096 Jan 20 03:00 1\/
\n# drwxr-x— 2 clickhouse clickhouse 4096 Jan 20 03:00 backup_20250120\/<\/p>\n
\u5f71\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u539f\u8868\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u81f4，\u4f46\u90fd\u662f\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u3002backup_20250120 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4f1a\u5305\u542b data\/default\/events\/ \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8def\u5f84，\u5176\u4e2d\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u51bb\u7ed3\u7684\u6240\u6709 Part \u7684\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u57fa\u4e8e FREEZE \u7684\u5907\u4efd\u601d\u8def\u662f：\u5148\u6267\u884c FREEZE \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5feb\u7167，\u7136\u540e\u590d\u5236 shadow \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u5907\u4efd\u4ecb\u8d28（\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55\u3001NFS \u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8）\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f71\u5b50\u526f\u672c\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684，\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6162\u6162\u8fdb\u884c，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5199\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash
\n# clickhouse_freeze_backup.sh
\n# \u57fa\u4e8e FREEZE \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 ClickHouse \u70ed\u5907\u4efd\u811a\u672c
\nBACKUP_BASE=\/data\/backup\/clickhouse
\nSTAMP=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
\nSNAPSHOT_NAME="backup_$STAMP"
\nCH_HOST="127.0.0.1"
\nCH_PORT="9000"
\n1. \u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u8868\u6267\u884c FREEZE
\nclickhouse-client –host "$CH_HOST" –port "$CH_PORT" –query "ALTER TABLE default.events FREEZE WITH NAME '$SNAPSHOT_NAME'"
\nclickhouse-client –host "$CH_HOST" –port "$CH_PORT" –query "ALTER TABLE default.orders FREEZE WITH NAME '$SNAPSHOT_NAME'"
\n2. \u590d\u5236\u5f71\u5b50\u526f\u672c\u5230\u5907\u4efd\u76ee\u5f55
\nSHADOW_DIR="\/var\/lib\/clickhouse\/shadow\/$SNAPSHOT_NAME"
\nif [ -d "$SHADOW_DIR" ]; then
\nmkdir -p "$BACKUP_BASE\/freeze"
\ncp -a "$SHADOW_DIR" "$BACKUP_BASE\/freeze\/$STAMP"
\necho "\u5907\u4efd\u5b8c\u6210: $BACKUP_BASE\/freeze\/$STAMP"
\nelse
\necho "\u9519\u8bef：\u672a\u627e\u5230\u5f71\u5b50\u526f\u672c\u76ee\u5f55 $SHADOW_DIR"
\nexit 1
\nfi
\n3. \u51c6\u5907\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd
\nclickhouse-client –host "$CH_HOST" –port "$CH_PORT" –query "SHOW CREATE TABLE default.events" > "$BACKUP_BASE\/freeze\/$STAMP\/events_ddl.sql"
\n4. \u6e05\u7406\u65e7\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u526f\u672c（FREEZE \u672c\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u624b\u52a8\u6e05\u7406）
\nrm -rf "$SHADOW_DIR"
\necho "FREEZE \u5907\u4efd\u6d41\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5"<\/p>\n
\u5907\u4efd\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，$BACKUP_BASE\/freeze\/$STAMP \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u8868\u6570\u636e\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u526f\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4\u6062\u590d，\u5373\u4f7f\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
FREEZE \u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u6d88\u8017\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5417？\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u6d88\u8017，\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u8868\u7ee7\u7eed\u5408\u5e76\u548c\u5199\u5165，\u88ab\u51bb\u7ed3\u7684\u65e7 Part \u5728\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u65f6，\u7531\u4e8e\u5f71\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6301\u6709\u786c\u94fe\u63a5，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5982\u679c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u6e05\u7406 shadow \u76ee\u5f55，\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f：\u5907\u4efd\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 shadow \u76ee\u5f55，\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528 SYSTEM UNFREEZE \u547d\u4ee4\u6e05\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
— \u6e05\u7406\u6307\u5b9a\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u5feb\u7167
\nSYSTEM UNFREEZE WITH NAME 'backup_20250120';<\/p>\n
# \u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u526f\u672c
\nrm -rf \/var\/lib\/clickhouse\/shadow\/backup_20250120<\/p>\n
\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，\u5728\u8f83\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684 ClickHouse \u4e2d，FREEZE \u7684 shadow \u76ee\u5f55\u7ba1\u7406\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f18\u5316，\u4f46\u624b\u52a8\u6e05\u7406\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u811a\u672c\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u6e05\u7406\u903b\u8f91，\u907f\u514d\u78c1\u76d8\u88ab\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u5360\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u7167\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u70ed\u5907\u4efd\u624b\u6bb5，\u5b83\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u5b58\u50a8\u5c42\u9762\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5377\u505a\u77ac\u65f6\u5feb\u7167，\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5907\u4efd\u3002\u4e0e FREEZE \u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u6bd4，\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\u66f4\u7c97（\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5377），\u4f46\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u8868，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5f20\u8868\u5355\u72ec\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 LVM\/ZFS \u8fd9\u7c7b\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
LVM（Logical Volume Manager，\u903b\u8f91\u5377\u7ba1\u7406\u5668）\u662f Linux \u4e0b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177，\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u903b\u8f91\u5377\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\u3002LVM \u5feb\u7167\u4f7f\u7528\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236（COW）\u673a\u5236，\u521b\u5efa\u77ac\u95f4\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210，\u968f\u540e\u539f\u59cb\u5377\u7684\u5199\u5165\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u501f\u52a9 LVM \u5feb\u7167，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u505c\u6b62 ClickHouse \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5377\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，LVM \u5feb\u7167\u672c\u8eab\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c ClickHouse \u5728\u5feb\u7167\u65f6\u523b\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165，\u90a3\u4e48\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u90e8\u5206\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027，\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\u524d\u5148\u6267\u884c SYSTEM FLUSH LOGS \u6216\u77ed\u6682\u51bb\u7ed3\u5199\u5165，\u6216\u8005\u4e0e FREEZE \u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5355\u8282\u70b9 ClickHouse \u573a\u666f，\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u4f4e\u5cf0\u671f\u505a LVM \u5feb\u7167\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
# 1. \u521b\u5efa LVM \u5feb\u7167（\u5047\u8bbe\u5377\u7ec4\u4e3a vg0，\u903b\u8f91\u5377\u4e3a lv_clickhouse）
\nsudo lvcreate -L 50G -s -n clickhouse_snap_20250120 \/dev\/vg0\/lv_clickhouse
\n2. \u6302\u8f7d\u5feb\u7167\u5377
\nsudo mkdir -p \/mnt\/clickhouse_snap
\nsudo mount -o ro \/dev\/vg0\/clickhouse_snap_20250120 \/mnt\/clickhouse_snap
\n3. \u4ece\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e（\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fb9\u538b\u7f29\u8fb9\u590d\u5236）
\nsudo tar -czf \/data\/backup\/clickhouse_snap_20250120.tar.gz -C \/mnt\/clickhouse_snap .
\n4. \u5378\u8f7d\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u5feb\u7167\u5377，\u91ca\u653e\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4
\nsudo umount \/mnt\/clickhouse_snap
\nsudo lvremove -f \/dev\/vg0\/clickhouse_snap_20250120<\/p>\n
LVM \u5feb\u7167\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3001\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5377\u751f\u6548；\u52a3\u52bf\u662f\u5feb\u7167\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236（\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 50G），\u5982\u679c\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u957f\u3001\u671f\u95f4\u5199\u5165\u91cf\u5f88\u5927，\u5feb\u7167\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8017\u5c3d\u5bfc\u81f4\u5feb\u7167\u5931\u6548\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\u540e\u5e94\u5c3d\u5feb\u5b8c\u6210\u5907\u4efd\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u5feb\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c ClickHouse \u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a，\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e91\u5382\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e91\u76d8\u5feb\u7167\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u963f\u91cc\u4e91 ESSD \u4e91\u76d8\u5feb\u7167\u3001\u817e\u8baf\u4e91 CBS \u5feb\u7167\u3001AWS EBS \u5feb\u7167\u7b49\u3002\u4e91\u76d8\u5feb\u7167\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u5c42\u9762\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u76d8\u505a\u5907\u4efd，\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u672c\u8eab\u7684 I\/O \u8d44\u6e90，\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u4e91\u5382\u5546\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e95\u5c42\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4e91\u76d8\u5feb\u7167\u5907\u4efd ClickHouse \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f：\u5728\u4f4e\u5cf0\u671f\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u76d8\u5feb\u7167，\u5feb\u7167\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u5373\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u57fa\u4e8e\u5feb\u7167\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u4e91\u76d8，\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u66ff\u6362\u65e7\u76d8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u9ad8，\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u81ea\u52a8\u5feb\u7167\u7b56\u7565（\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u5929\u51cc\u6668\u81ea\u52a8\u5feb\u7167\u3001\u4fdd\u7559 7 \u5929）\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5feb\u7167\u7c92\u5ea6\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u4e91\u76d8，\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8868\u7ea7\u7c92\u5ea6\u6062\u590d\u7684\u8981\u6c42，\u800c\u4e14\u8de8\u4e91\u5382\u5546\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u963f\u91cc\u4e91 CLI \u521b\u5efa\u4e91\u76d8\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u76d8 ID（\u5047\u8bbe ClickHouse \u6570\u636e\u5355\u72ec\u6302\u8f7d\u5728 \/dev\/vdb）
\nDISK_ID=$(lsblk -o NAME,SERIAL -n | grep vdb | awk '{print $2}')
\n\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167
\naliyun ecs CreateSnapshot –DiskId "$DISK_ID" –SnapshotName "clickhouse_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d)"
\n\u67e5\u770b\u5feb\u7167\u72b6\u6001
\naliyun ecs DescribeSnapshots –DiskId "$DISK_ID" –SnapshotName "clickhouse_backup_*"<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u4e91\u76d8\u5feb\u7167\u5e38\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u515c\u5e95\u65b9\u6848，\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u5de5\u5177\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u5929\u7528 clickhouse-backup \u505a\u903b\u8f91\u5168\u91cf+\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8，\u540c\u65f6\u6bcf\u5468\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u4e91\u76d8\u5feb\u7167，\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d，\u53c8\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u5e95\u5c42\u6545\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5e95\u5c42\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 ZFS \u6216 Btrfs，\u5b83\u4eec\u5929\u751f\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u3002ZFS \u5feb\u7167\u540c\u6837\u57fa\u4e8e\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236，\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5220\u9664\u90fd\u5f88\u5feb\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a ZFS \u5feb\u7167\u5907\u4efd ClickHouse \u7684\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
# \u5047\u8bbe ClickHouse \u6570\u636e\u4f4d\u4e8e zpool\/clickhouse \u6570\u636e\u96c6
\nzfs snapshot zpool\/clickhouse@backup_20250120
\n\u67e5\u770b\u5feb\u7167
\nzfs list -t snapshot
\n\u57fa\u4e8e\u5feb\u7167\u5bfc\u51fa\u5907\u4efd（\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b）
\nzfs send zpool\/clickhouse@backup_20250120 | gzip > \/data\/backup\/clickhouse_zfs_20250120.zfs.gz
\n\u5220\u9664\u5feb\u7167
\nzfs destroy zpool\/clickhouse@backup_20250120<\/p>\n
ZFS \u5feb\u7167\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u81ea\u5efa\u673a\u623f\u548c NAS \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c，\u5b83\u7684\u53d1\u9001\/\u63a5\u6536\u673a\u5236\u8fd8\u5929\u7136\u652f\u6301\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u590d\u5236，\u9002\u5408\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u548c\u5f02\u5730\u5bb9\u707e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
clickhouse-backup \u662f Altinity \u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u6e90\u7684 ClickHouse \u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u5de5\u5177，\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5907\u4efd\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u5168\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230 S3\/GCS\/Azure \u7b49\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u8868\u7ea7\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u6062\u590d，\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u96c6\u6210\u5230 Kubernetes \u548c\u591a\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5e73\u53f0\u4e2d\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u539f\u751f FREEZE \u547d\u4ee4，\u5b83\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41，\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5907\u4efd\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
clickhouse-backup \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u8def\u4e0e FREEZE \u7c7b\u4f3c，\u4f46\u505a\u4e86\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u3002\u5907\u4efd\u65f6，\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u8868\u6267\u884c ALTER TABLE … FREEZE \u547d\u4ee4，\u5728 shadow \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u5feb\u7167；\u7136\u540e\u5c06 shadow \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6253\u5305\u6210\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6，\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d；\u6700\u540e\u6e05\u7406 shadow \u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u7531\u4e8e FREEZE \u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027，\u6574\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6301\u7eed\u5199\u5165\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b89\u5168\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd，clickhouse-backup \u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0a\u6b21\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u8868\u5206\u533a\u72b6\u6001，\u53ea\u5907\u4efd\u65b0\u589e\u6216\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5206\u533a\u6570\u636e，\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u5c11\u5907\u4efd\u4f53\u79ef\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5b58\u50a8\u62c9\u53d6\u5907\u4efd\u5305\u5e76\u89e3\u538b\u8fd8\u539f\u3002<\/p>\n
clickhouse-backup \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6，\u652f\u6301 Linux \u548c macOS\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
# \u4e0b\u8f7d\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c（\u4ee5 v2.5.x \u4e3a\u4f8b，\u8bf7\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u7248\u672c）
\nVERSION=2.5.4
\nwget "https:\/\/github.com\/Altinity\/clickhouse-backup\/releases\/download\/v${VERSION}\/clickhouse-backup-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
\n\u89e3\u538b
\ntar -xzf clickhouse-backup-linux-amd64.tar.gz
\n\u5b89\u88c5\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf PATH
\nsudo mv clickhouse-backup \/usr\/local\/bin\/
\n\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7248\u672c
\nclickhouse-backup version<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Docker \u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c，\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5728 Kubernetes \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n
docker run –rm -it –network host \\\\
\n -v \/var\/lib\/clickhouse:\/var\/lib\/clickhouse \\\\
\n -v \/etc\/clickhouse-server:\/etc\/clickhouse-server \\\\
\n -v \/data\/backup:\/backup \\\\
\n altinity\/clickhouse-backup:2.5.4 –config=\/etc\/clickhouse-backup\/config.yml \\\\
\n create backup_name<\/p>\n
clickhouse-backup \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8e \/etc\/clickhouse-backup\/config.yml，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7 –config \u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
general:
\n remote_storage: s3 # \u8fdc\u7a0b\u5b58\u50a8\u7c7b\u578b：none\u3001s3\u3001gcs\u3001ftp\u3001sftp\u3001azblob \u7b49
\n max_file_size: 1073741824 # \u5355\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5927\u5c0f（1GB）
\n disable_progress_bar: false
\n backups_to_keep_local: 7 # \u672c\u5730\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u91cf
\n backups_to_keep_remote: 30 # \u8fdc\u7a0b\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u91cf
\n log_level: info
\n allow_empty_backups: false
\nclickhouse:
\nusername: default # ClickHouse \u7528\u6237
\npassword: "" # \u5bc6\u7801
\nhost: 127.0.0.1 # ClickHouse \u5730\u5740
\nport: 9000 # \u539f\u751f\u534f\u8bae\u7aef\u53e3
\ndata_path: "\/var\/lib\/clickhouse" # ClickHouse \u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55
\nskip_tables: # \u8df3\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868
\n– system.*
\n– INFORMATION_SCHEMA.*
\ntimeout: 5m
\ns3:
\naccess_key: "your_access_key"
\nsecret_key: "your_secret_key"
\nbucket: "clickhouse-backups"
\nendpoint: "" # \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 S3 \u7aef\u70b9（\u5982 MinIO）
\nregion: "us-east-1"
\npath: "clickhouse\/prod" # \u5b58\u50a8\u8def\u5f84\u524d\u7f00
\ncompression_level: 1 # \u538b\u7f29\u7ea7\u522b
\nforce_path_style: false
\nstorage_class: STANDARD<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5907\u4efd\u5b58\u50a8（remote_storage: none），\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728 \/var\/lib\/clickhouse-backup\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883，\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u914d\u7f6e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5907\u4efd\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u5730\u5bb9\u707e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u6267\u884c\u5168\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u672c\u5730\u5168\u91cf\u5907\u4efd
\nclickhouse-backup create my_first_backup
\n\u521b\u5efa\u5907\u4efd\u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5b58\u50a8
\nclickhouse-backup create_remote my_backup_name
\n\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u5907\u4efd
\nclickhouse-backup list
\n\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：
\nName Created Size Status
\nmy_first_backup 2025-01-20 03:00:00 12.5GB local
\nmy_backup_name 2025-01-20 04:00:00 12.5GB remote<\/p>\n
\u5907\u4efd\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 clickhouse-backup list local \u548c clickhouse-backup list remote \u5206\u522b\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u5730\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5907\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u662f clickhouse-backup \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u533a\u72b6\u6001，\u53ea\u5907\u4efd\u81ea\u4e0a\u6b21\u5907\u4efd\u4ee5\u6765\u65b0\u589e\u6216\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5206\u533a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e ClickHouse \u5e38\u7528\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u533a\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u533a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u53d8\u5316，\u56e0\u6b64\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u533a，\u4f53\u79ef\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u5148\u521b\u5efa\u5168\u91cf\u5907\u4efd（\u81ea\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\u589e\u91cf\u57fa\u51c6）
\nclickhouse-backup create_remote full_20250120
\n\u4e4b\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd
\nclickhouse-backup create_remote inc_20250121
\n\u4f7f\u7528 –diff-from-remote \u6307\u5b9a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u57fa\u51c6\u5907\u4efd
\nclickhouse-backup create_remote inc_20250122 –diff-from-remote full_20250120<\/p>\n
\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6062\u590d\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6062\u590d\u57fa\u51c6\u5168\u91cf\u5907\u4efd，\u518d\u6062\u590d\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u3002clickhouse-backup \u5728\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u5907\u4efd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
clickhouse-backup \u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u53ea\u5907\u4efd\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8868，\u8fd9\u5728\u5927\u8868\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528：<\/p>\n
# \u5907\u4efd\u6307\u5b9a\u8868
\nclickhouse-backup create backup_events_only –tables "default.events"
\n\u5907\u4efd\u591a\u4e2a\u8868
\nclickhouse-backup create backup_two_tables –tables "default.events,default.orders"
\n\u6392\u9664\u67d0\u4e9b\u8868
\nclickhouse-backup create backup_except_some –exclude-tables "system.*"<\/p>\n
\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u6062\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\u8868：<\/p>\n
# \u4ece\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u53ea\u6062\u590d default.events \u8868
\nclickhouse-backup restore backup_name –tables "default.events"<\/p>\n
\u6062\u590d\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
# \u4ece\u672c\u5730\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d
\nclickhouse-backup restore backup_name
\n\u4ece\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d（\u81ea\u52a8\u4e0b\u8f7d）
\nclickhouse-backup restore_remote backup_name
\n\u53ea\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5907\u4efd\u5230\u672c\u5730，\u4e0d\u6062\u590d
\nclickhouse-backup download backup_name
\n\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a schema \u53d8\u66f4
\nclickhouse-backup restore backup_name –tables "default.events" –schema<\/p>\n
\u6062\u590d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u3002\u6062\u590d\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u5efa\u8bae\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027：<\/p>\n
clickhouse-client –query "SELECT count(), max(event_date) FROM default.events"
\nclickhouse-client –query "SELECT * FROM system.backups" # \u67e5\u770b\u5907\u4efd\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868<\/p>\n
\u4f18\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762：<\/p>\n
\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5ba2\u89c2\u8ba4\u8bc6：<\/p>\n
\u4ece ClickHouse 22.x \u7248\u672c\u5f00\u59cb，\u793e\u533a\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u539f\u751f BACKUP \u548c RESTORE \u8bed\u53e5，\u5e76\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u539f\u751f\u5907\u4efd\u652f\u6301\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u8868\u5907\u4efd\u5230\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u3001S3 \u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u6309\u5e93\u3001\u6309\u8868\u7c92\u5ea6\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5de5\u5177，\u539f\u751f BACKUP \u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u5185\u6838，\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u7528 ClickHouse \u81ea\u8eab\u7684 Part \u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5143\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u539f\u751f BACKUP \u652f\u6301\u5e93\u7ea7\u3001\u8868\u7ea7\u548c\u5206\u533a\u7ea7\u5907\u4efd，\u8bed\u6cd5\u6574\u4f53\u6bd4\u8f83\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5e93\u7ea7\u5907\u4efd\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
— \u5907\u4efd\u6574\u4e2a default \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5230\u78c1\u76d8
\nBACKUP DATABASE default TO Disk('backups', 'default_20250120.zip');<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d Disk('backups', 'path') \u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528 ClickHouse \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u540d\u4e3a backups \u7684\u78c1\u76d8，\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8868\u7ea7\u5907\u4efd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210：<\/p>\n
— \u5907\u4efd\u5355\u5f20\u8868
\nBACKUP TABLE default.events TO Disk('backups', 'events_20250120.zip');
\n— \u5907\u4efd\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u533a
\nBACKUP TABLE default.events PARTITION '202501' TO Disk('backups', 'events_202501.zip');<\/p>\n
\u539f\u751f BACKUP \u4e5f\u652f\u6301 S3 \u517c\u5bb9\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8，\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e S3 \u78c1\u76d8\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 S3 \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
BACKUP DATABASE default TO S3('https:\/\/oss.example.com\/backups\/default_20250120.zip', 'access_key', 'secret_key');<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 S3 \u5907\u4efd\u65f6，ClickHouse \u4f1a\u628a\u5907\u4efd\u5199\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8，\u9002\u5408\u5f02\u5730\u5bb9\u707e\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bc6\u94a5\u653e\u5165 config.xml \u6216\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d，\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u5728 SQL \u4e2d\u66b4\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 RESTORE \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，\u6062\u590d\u76ee\u6807\u8868\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u540d\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519，\u9664\u975e\u4f7f\u7528 REPLACE \u53c2\u6570\u8986\u76d6：<\/p>\n
— \u6062\u590d default \u6570\u636e\u5e93
\nRESTORE DATABASE default FROM Disk('backups', 'default_20250120.zip');
\n— \u6062\u590d\u5355\u5f20\u8868\u5e76\u8986\u76d6\u73b0\u6709\u8868
\nRESTORE TABLE default.events FROM Disk('backups', 'events_20250120.zip') REPLACE;<\/p>\n
\u4ece S3 \u6062\u590d\u65f6\u628a\u76ee\u6807\u6539\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 S3 \u4f4d\u7f6e\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u6062\u590d\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u5efa\u8bae\u7acb\u5373\u6821\u9a8c\u884c\u6570\u548c\u5206\u533a\u8303\u56f4，\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u539f\u751f BACKUP\/RESTORE \u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u540c\u6b65\u6f14\u8fdb，\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u5de5\u5177，\u800c\u4e14\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u538b\u7f29，\u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u5907\u4efd\u94fe\u8def\u8981\u6c42\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u5e0c\u671b\u51cf\u5c11\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u7fa4\u3001\u8de8\u7248\u672c\u6062\u590d\u3001\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u6bd4 clickhouse-backup \u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4ecd\u5efa\u8bae\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f，\u5728\u539f\u751f BACKUP \u4e0e clickhouse-backup\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u7167\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ec4\u5408\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5907\u4efd\u4efb\u52a1\u53ea\u80fd\u7b97\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u534a，\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5bb9\u707e\u80fd\u529b\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u300c\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u300d\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u5f88\u591a\u56e2\u961f\u505a\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u5907\u4efd，\u5374\u4ece\u672a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fc7\u5907\u4efd\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u707e\u96be\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u635f\u574f\u3001\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u6216\u6743\u9650\u9519\u8bef，\u540e\u679c\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u6062\u590d\u6f14\u7ec3\u7eb3\u5165\u8fd0\u7ef4\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5907\u4efd\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u90fd\u5e94\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4fe1\u606f：\u5907\u4efd\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u4f53\u79ef\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b DDL \u548c ZooKeeper \u5143\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e clickhouse-backup，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 list \u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u6e05\u5355；\u5bf9\u4e8e\u624b\u5de5\u5907\u4efd，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u751f\u6210 backup_manifest.txt，\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n
backup_name=clickhouse_full_20250120
\ncreated_at=2025-01-20 03:00:00
\nscope=all_databases
\nsize=12582912000
\nddl=included
\nzookeeper=not_applicable
\nchecksum_algorithm=sha256<\/p>\n
\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u5468\u6216\u6708\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d，\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6f14\u7ec3\u73af\u5883\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5b8c\u6574\u6062\u590d\u3002\u6f14\u7ec3\u73af\u5883\u6700\u597d\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684 ClickHouse \u548c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u6f14\u7ec3\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6062\u590d\u811a\u672c\u6216\u6587\u6863\u5728\u6f14\u7ec3\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u9002\u7528，\u5e94\u53ca\u65f6\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u6f14\u7ec3\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u4ea7\u5907\u4efd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6062\u590d\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u770b\u884c\u6570\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4，\u8fd8\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u5206\u533a\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u952e\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u6821\u9a8c SQL：<\/p>\n
— \u5bf9\u6bd4\u603b\u884c\u6570
\nSELECT count() FROM default.events;
\n— \u6309\u5206\u533a\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u91cf
\nSELECT partition, count() FROM system.parts
\nWHERE database = 'default' AND table = 'events' AND active
\nGROUP BY partition ORDER BY partition;
\n— \u62bd\u6837\u6821\u9a8c\u660e\u7ec6
\nSELECT * FROM default.events ORDER BY event_time DESC LIMIT 100;<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u53ea\u8bfb\u9a8c\u8bc1，\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u540e\u7684\u8868\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u8868，\u62bd\u6837\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e1a\u52a1\u6307\u6807，\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5907\u4efd\u4efb\u52a1\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u63a7，\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65e0\u4eba\u5bdf\u89c9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u957f\u671f\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8c03\u5ea6\u811a\u672c\u3001clickhouse-backup\u3001\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u5feb\u7167\u90fd\u5e94\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u751f BACKUP\/RESTORE，ClickHouse \u63d0\u4f9b system.backups \u548c system.backup_log \u8868，\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5907\u4efd\u8bb0\u5f55：<\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM system.backups ORDER BY start_time DESC LIMIT 10;
\nSELECT * FROM system.backup_log ORDER BY start_time DESC LIMIT 10;<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e clickhouse-backup，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 CronJob \u6216\u8c03\u5ea6\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6355\u83b7\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5fd7，\u5e76\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5165\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5 shell \u811a\u672c\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u5f53\u5907\u4efd\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u8d85\u8fc7\u9884\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 Webhook \u901a\u77e5：<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash
\nset -e
\nSTART=$(date +%s)
\nclickhouse-backup create_remote "full_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)"
\nEND=$(date +%s)
\nDURATION=$((END – START))
\nif [ "$DURATION" -gt 7200 ]; then
\ncurl -X POST "$ALERT_WEBHOOK" -H 'Content-Type: application\/json' <\/p>\n
-d "{"text": "ClickHouse \u5907\u4efd\u8017\u65f6\u5f02\u5e38：${DURATION} \u79d2"}"
\nfi<\/p>\n
\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u5907\u4efd\u7ed3\u679c\u63a5\u5165 Prometheus\u3001Zabbix\u3001Alertmanager \u6216\u4f01\u4e1a\u5fae\u4fe1\u3001\u9489\u9489\u3001\u98de\u4e66\u7b49\u901a\u77e5\u6e20\u9053，\u505a\u5230\u5931\u8d25\u5373\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n
ClickHouse \u5907\u4efd\u6ca1\u6709\u94f6\u5f39，\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u505c\u673a\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u6062\u590d\u7c92\u5ea6\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6210\u672c\u4e0a\u5404\u6709\u53d6\u820d\u3002\u4e0b\u8868\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u505a\u4e86\u6a2a\u5411\u5bf9\u6bd4：<\/p>\n
| \u51b7\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n | \u662f<\/td>\n | \u6574\u5e93<\/td>\n | \u4f4e<\/td>\n | \u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u505c\u673a\u7684\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| FREEZE \u52a0\u5f71\u5b50\u526f\u672c<\/td>\n | \u5426<\/td>\n | \u5e93\/\u8868\/\u5206\u533a<\/td>\n | \u4e2d<\/td>\n | \u5355\u8868\u6216\u5c11\u91cf\u6838\u5fc3\u8868\u70ed\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\/LVM\/ZFS \u5feb\u7167<\/td>\n | \u5426<\/td>\n | \u6574\u5377<\/td>\n | \u4e2d<\/td>\n | \u5e95\u5c42\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u3001\u515c\u5e95\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| \u4e91\u76d8\u5feb\u7167<\/td>\n | \u5426<\/td>\n | \u6574\u76d8<\/td>\n | \u4f4e<\/td>\n | \u4e91\u4e0a\u5bb9\u707e\u515c\u5e95<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| clickhouse-backup<\/td>\n | \u5426<\/td>\n | \u5e93\/\u8868\/\u5206\u533a<\/td>\n | \u4e2d<\/td>\n | \u65e5\u5e38\u5168\u91cf\u4e0e\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0a\u4f20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| \u539f\u751f BACKUP\/RESTORE<\/td>\n | \u5426<\/td>\n | \u5e93\/\u8868\/\u5206\u533a<\/td>\n | \u4e2d<\/td>\n | \u5e0c\u671b\u51cf\u5c11\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u6838\u80fd\u529b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u6700\u540e\u7ed9\u51fa\u51e0\u6761\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u843d\u5730\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5efa\u8bae：<\/p>\n
|