{"id":98343,"date":"2026-08-31T16:41:02","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T08:41:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/98343.html"},"modified":"2026-08-31T16:41:02","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T08:41:02","slug":"01-01-c%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e3%80%81%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f%e6%9e%84%e5%bb%ba%e4%b8%8e%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80-%e7%a7%8b%e6%8b%9b%e3%80%81%e5%ae%9e%e4%b9%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/98343.html","title":{"rendered":"01-01-C++\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u57fa\u7840 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 \u79cb\u62db\u3001\u5b9e\u4e60 \u5c0f\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u590d\u4e60"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;C&#043;&#043;\u8bed\u8a00\u57fa\u7840&#xff08;1\/4&#xff09;&#xff1a;C&#043;&#043;\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u57fa\u7840<\/h2>\n<p>\u53d1\u5e03\u5bfc\u822a&#xff1a;\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7&#xff1a;\u65e0 | \u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u603b\u76ee\u5f55 | \u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;C&#043;&#043;\u8bed\u8a00\u57fa\u7840&#xff08;2\/4&#xff09;&#xff1a;const\u3001static\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49<\/p>\n<h3>\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u8bed\u8a00\u6982\u89c8\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6808\u5806\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u5e03\u5c40&#xff08;1\/2&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6808\u5806\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u5e03\u5c40&#xff08;2\/2&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e38\u91cf\u3001static\u3001const\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d&#xff08;1\/4&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;article-summary&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043; \u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a; \u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff1b;\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5177\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C \u4e0e C&#043;&#043; \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b&#xff1a; public\u3001protected\u3001private\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236&#xff1b;\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C\/C&#043;&#043; \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a; .c\u6216.cpp\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u5305\u542b\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1b;.h\u6216.hpp\u5934\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u58f0\u660e\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u5185\u8054\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C\/C&#043;&#043; \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u533a&#xff1a; C\/C&#043;&#043;\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u533a\u201d&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u6001\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6982\u62ec&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u6761\u673a\u68b0\u5207\u6210\u51e0\u5757&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662fC\/C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5e03\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u6808\u4e0e\u5806\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5b8c\u6574\u673a\u5236&#xff1a; 64 \u4f4d Linux \u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u5230 0x0000_7FFF_FFFF_FFFF&#xff08;128TB&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u6808\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63a5\u8fd1\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u9876\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0e\u6307\u9488&#xff1a; \u5148\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff1a;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a; \u672c\u7bc7\u8303\u56f4&#xff1a;\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1b;\u9605\u8bfb\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff0c;\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u539f\u7406\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee\u7406\u89e3\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891\u9898&#xff1a; \u672c\u7bc7\u8303\u56f4&#xff1a;\u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891\u9898&#xff1b;\u9605\u8bfb\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff0c;\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u539f\u7406\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee\u7406\u89e3\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C\/C&#043;&#043; \u53d8\u91cf\u672a\u663e\u5f0f\u8d4b\u521d\u503c\u65f6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a; \u6574\u6570\u5f97\u52300&#xff1b;\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6b63\u96f6\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C\/C&#043;&#043; \u5e38\u91cf&#xff1a; \u5e38\u91cf\u6cdb\u6307\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u503c\u6216\u53d7\u53ea\u8bfb\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1b;\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u3001\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u548cconst\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c&#xff1b;\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf&#xff1a;10\u30013.14\u3001&#039;a&#039;\u3001&#034;hello&#034;\u3001true\u3001nullptr\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>static\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a; \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff1a;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>const\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a; \u672c\u7bc7\u8303\u56f4&#xff1a;const\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1b;\u9605\u8bfb\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff0c;\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u539f\u7406\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee\u7406\u89e3\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>static\u4e0econst\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u9898&#xff1a; \u672c\u7bc7\u8303\u56f4&#xff1a;static\u4e0econst\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u9898&#xff1b;\u9605\u8bfb\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff0c;\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u539f\u7406\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee\u7406\u89e3\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C\/C&#043;&#043; \u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1a; \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57&#xff1b;\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;article-details&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3<\/h3>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;section-1&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h4>C&#043;&#043;\u8bed\u8a00\u6982\u89c8\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa<\/h4>\n<h5>C&#043;&#043; \u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9<\/h5>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-525&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-526&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u4ee5\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5e95\u5c42\u63a7\u5236\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u7eaf\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u5177\u4f53\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u591a\u8303\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3001\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u6cdb\u578b\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u5143\u7f16\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u673a\u5668\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u4f18\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5e95\u5c42\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u3001\u6808\u4e0e\u5806\u7b49&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4ecd\u53d7\u8bed\u8a00\u89c4\u5219\u7ea6\u675f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9ad8\u5c42\u62bd\u8c61<\/td>\n<td>\u652f\u6301\u7c7b\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u3001Lambda\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u62bd\u8c61\u539f\u5219<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ed8\u8d39&#xff1b;\u4f7f\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u540e\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u63a5\u8fd1\u624b\u5199\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RAII<\/td>\n<td>\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed1\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u5229\u7528\u6784\u9020\u548c\u6790\u6784\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<td>\u5927\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u6a21\u677f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5b8c\u6210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u517c\u5bb9C\u751f\u6001<\/td>\n<td>\u80fd\u590d\u7528\u5927\u91cfC\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u5e95\u5c42\u5e93&#xff0c;\u4f46C&#043;&#043;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662fC\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u8d85\u96c6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u9002\u5408\u9762\u8bd5\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u56de\u7b54&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u578b\u3001\u591a\u8303\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a5\u8fd1\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u63a7\u5236&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u548cRAII\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002C&#043;&#043;\u5f3a\u8c03\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u62bd\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u63a7\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1&#xff1b;\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u89c4\u5219\u590d\u6742&#xff0c;\u624b\u52a8\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5e26\u6765\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-527&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u95ee\u9898\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5177\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u7f16\u5199\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u98ce\u683c&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528Lambda\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u903b\u8f91&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u7f16\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u3001constexpr\u7b49\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5b8c\u6210\u8ba1\u7b97\u6216\u4ee3\u7801\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>template&lt;typename T&gt;<br \/>\nT maxValue(T a, T b) \/\/ \u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n \u00a0 \u00a0return a &gt; b ? a : b;<br \/>\n}<br \/>\n\u200b<br \/>\nstd::sort(values.begin(), values.end(),<br \/>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0  [](int a, int b) { return a &gt; b; }); \/\/ Lambda\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5 <\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5199\u6cd5\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d\u201d&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u5de5\u5177&#xff1b;\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u6982\u5ff5\u591a&#xff0c;\u56e2\u961f\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-528&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e09\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b<\/h6>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u901a\u5e38\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u751f\u6210\u672c\u5730\u673a\u5668\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4f9d\u8d56\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f83\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u63a7\u5236&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f55\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6808\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u8fd8\u662f\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5e03\u5c40\u3001\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u53cb\u597d\u7a0b\u5ea6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u503c\u8bed\u4e49\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u591a\u6001\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u591a\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f46\u201c\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u5e95\u5c42\u201d\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u201cC&#043;&#043;\u4ee3\u7801\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u56fa\u5b9a\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u201d\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u4ecd\u7136\u53d7\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316\u3001ABI\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u7136\u5c31\u5feb\u3002\u7b97\u6cd5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u5f53\u3001\u9891\u7e41\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u6216\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u590d\u5236&#xff0c;\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u660e\u663e\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-529&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u56db\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u539f\u5219<\/h6>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u5e0c\u671b\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u5c42\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u63a5\u8fd1\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u8868\u8ff0\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u9879\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u627f\u62c5\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6210\u672c&#xff1b;<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u62bd\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u6210\u672c\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u63a5\u8fd1\u624b\u5199\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u5e95\u5c42\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u6a21\u677f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316&#xff0c;\u77ed\u5c0f\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5185\u8054&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u6cdb\u578b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7c7b\u578b\u5224\u65ad&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>template&lt;typename T&gt;<br \/>\nT add(T a, T b)<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n \u00a0 \u00a0return a &#043; b;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>add&lt;int&gt;\u548cadd&lt;double&gt;\u901a\u5e38\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u90fd\u7edd\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u6d3e&#xff0c;std::function\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u7c7b\u578b\u64e6\u9664\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f&#xff1a;\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u5e93\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u62bd\u8c61\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u989d\u5916\u6210\u672c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u627f\u62c5\u67d0\u79cd\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-530&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e94\u3001RAII\u4e0e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/h6>\n<p>RAII&#xff08;Resource Acquisition Is Initialization&#xff0c;\u8d44\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u5373\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff09;\u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6301\u6709\u671f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>void writeFile()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n \u00a0 \u00a0std::ofstream file(&#034;data.txt&#034;);<br \/>\n \u00a0 \u00a0\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u2026\u2026<br \/>\n} \/\/ \u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6file\u6790\u6784&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u88ab\u91ca\u653e <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u9501\u3001\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e95\u5c42\u5173\u952e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u5165\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<br \/>\n\u2192 \u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u6e90<br \/>\n\u2192 \u4f7f\u7528\u8d44\u6e90<br \/>\n\u2192 \u6b63\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u800c\u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<br \/>\n\u2192 \u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90 <\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64C&#043;&#043;\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u8f83\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecstd::vector\u3001std::string\u3001std::unique_ptr\u3001std::lock_guard\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-531&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u516d\u3001\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0e\u6cdb\u578b<\/h6>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u51b3\u8bae\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int number &#061; 10;<br \/>\n\/\/ number &#061; &#034;text&#034;; \/\/ \u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u62a5\u9519 <\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u677f\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u80fd\u591f\u9002\u914d\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>std::vector&lt;int&gt; numbers;<br \/>\nstd::vector&lt;std::string&gt; words; <\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u677f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u8f83\u957f\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0&#xff0c;\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u9020\u6210\u4ee3\u7801\u4f53\u79ef\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-532&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e03\u3001\u517c\u5bb9C\u751f\u6001\u53ca\u9700\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/h6>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5927\u91cfC\u8bed\u8a00\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u5e95\u5c42\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7C ABI\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0e\u5927\u91cfC\u5e93\u534f\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93\u548c\u65e7\u9879\u76ee\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662fC\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u8d85\u96c6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u5408\u6cd5C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u6216\u542b\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684C&#043;&#043;\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u540d\u5b57\u6539\u7f16&#xff0c;\u4e0eC\u63a5\u53e3\u534f\u4f5c\u65f6\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5728C&#043;&#043;\u4fa7\u4f7f\u7528extern &#034;C&#034;&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u3001\u624b\u52a8new\/delete\u548c\u4e0d\u53d7\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8bbf\u95ee\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u529b&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u60ac\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u3001\u8d8a\u754c\u3001\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5bb9\u5668\u3001RAII\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5230\u5904\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a&#xff1a;\u7ed9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u6c42\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u591a\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-533&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u516b\u3001\u9762\u8bd5\u56de\u7b54\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a<\/h6>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cC&#043;&#043;\u5c31\u662f\u5e26\u7c7b\u7684C\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u6a21\u677f\u3001RAII\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u3001Lambda\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b49\u5b8c\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cC&#043;&#043;\u662f\u7eaf\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u662f\u591a\u8303\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u5199\u6210\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cC&#043;&#043;\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u5feb\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u6027\u80fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883&#xff1b;C&#043;&#043;\u53ea\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u62bd\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u672c\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u6210\u672c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8ba9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cC&#043;&#043;\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9\u6240\u6709C\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7b49\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u9762\u8bd5\u5e38\u89c1\u8ffd\u95ee&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u591a\u8303\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u62bd\u8c61&#xff1f;\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u96f6\u6210\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>RAII\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u5b83\u4e0e\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u53c8\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4C&#043;&#043;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e00\u5b9a\u5feb&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u76f8\u5bf9C\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u80fd\u529b&#xff1f;\u4e8c\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>C \u4e0e C&#043;&#043; \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b<\/h5>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-534&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-535&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<p>C\u548cC&#043;&#043;\u90fd\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u548c\u5e95\u5c42\u5f00\u53d1&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8bed\u8a00\u8bbe\u8ba1\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>C\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5f3a\u8c03\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b&#xff1b;C&#043;&#043;\u5728\u4fdd\u7559\u5927\u91cfC\u5f0f\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7c7b\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u3001RAII\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e95\u5c42\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5c42\u62bd\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879CC&#043;&#043;<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e3b\u8981\u8303\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>\u4ee5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u8303\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3001\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u6cdb\u578b\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u98ce\u683c\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5c01\u88c5<\/td>\n<td>\u5e38\u7528struct\u914d\u5408\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u63a5\u53e3<\/td>\n<td>\u652f\u6301\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u6784\u9020\u548c\u6790\u6784<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u591a\u6001<\/td>\n<td>\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b<\/td>\n<td>\u652f\u6301\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6cdb\u578b<\/td>\n<td>\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8f\u3001void*\u6216\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801&#xff1b;C11\u6709_Generic\u7b49\u6709\u9650\u5de5\u5177<\/td>\n<td>\u6a21\u677f\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u7b49\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u6cdb\u578b\u673a\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u529b<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b9e\u53c2<\/td>\n<td>\u652f\u6301\u91cd\u8f7d\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b9e\u53c2\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u5f0f\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<td>\u652f\u6301RAII\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u80fd\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/td>\n<td>\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5&#039;\\\\0&#039;\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4\u53ca&lt;string.h&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u9664C\u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5916&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u6709std::string<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa<\/td>\n<td>printf\u3001scanf\u7b49<\/td>\n<td>\u65e2\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528C\u63a5\u53e3&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u6709iostream\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5e93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<td>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u3001errno\u7b49<\/td>\n<td>\u540c\u6837\u652f\u6301\u9519\u8bef\u7801&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5f02\u5e38\u7b49\u673a\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<td>\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u4f46\u90e8\u5206\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u677e<\/td>\n<td>\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u548c\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5e03\u5c14\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<td>C99\u901a\u8fc7&lt;stdbool.h&gt;\u63d0\u4f9bbool\u5b8f&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5e94_Bool<\/td>\n<td>bool\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<td>\u652f\u6301namespace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u9002\u5408\u9762\u8bd5\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u56de\u7b54&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>C\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u5e38\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u8d44\u6e90\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u663e\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u3002C&#043;&#043;\u662f\u591a\u8303\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u5728\u4fdd\u7559\u5927\u91cfC\u5f0f\u5e95\u5c42\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u3001RAII\u548c\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u3002C&#043;&#043;\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u4f46\u89c4\u5219\u4e5f\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7C ABI\u534f\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8fc7C&#043;&#043;\u4e0d\u662fC\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u8d85\u96c6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709C\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u80fd\u539f\u6837\u4f5c\u4e3aC&#043;&#043;\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-536&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>C\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u884c\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>struct Point {<br \/>\n \u00a0 \u00a0int x;<br \/>\n \u00a0 \u00a0int y;<br \/>\n};<br \/>\n\u200b<br \/>\nvoid move_point(struct Point* point, int dx, int dy)<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n \u00a0 \u00a0point-&gt;x &#043;&#061; dx;<br \/>\n \u00a0 \u00a0point-&gt;y &#043;&#061; dy;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>class Point {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    void move(int dx, int dy)<br \/>\n    {<br \/>\n        x &#043;&#061; dx;<br \/>\n        y &#043;&#061; dy;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>private:<br \/>\n    int x &#061; 0;<br \/>\n    int y &#061; 0;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u533a\u522b\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u51fd\u6570\u653e\u8fdb\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u201d\u3002C&#043;&#043;\u7c7b\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6784\u9020\u6790\u6784\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u591a\u6001\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-537&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e09\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u591a\u6001<\/h6>\n<p>C\u6ca1\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u5efa\u7684public\u3001private\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u9690\u85cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u548c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u6a21\u62df\u5c01\u88c5\u6216\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u6d3e&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662fC\u8bed\u8a00\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7c7b\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>public\u3001protected\u3001private\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ee7\u627f&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u591a\u6001&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>this\u6307\u9488\u548c\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>class Animal {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    virtual void speak() &#061; 0;<br \/>\n    virtual ~Animal() &#061; default;<br \/>\n};<\/p>\n<p>class Dog : public Animal {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    void speak() override<br \/>\n    {<br \/>\n        std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;wang\\\\n&#034;;<br \/>\n    }<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u591a\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u6d3e&#xff1b;C\u82e5\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u76f8\u4f3c\u6548\u679c&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-538&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u56db\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u6cdb\u578b<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d<\/h6>\n<p>C\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u51ed\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u51fd\u6570\u540d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int add_int(int a, int b);<br \/>\ndouble add_double(double a, double b); <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u652f\u6301\u91cd\u8f7d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int add(int a, int b);<br \/>\ndouble add(double a, double b); <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u540d\u5b57\u6539\u7f16\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u91cd\u8f7d\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u5f15\u7528<\/h6>\n<p>C\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u9488\u8868\u8fbe\u95f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff1b;C&#043;&#043;\u9664\u6307\u9488\u5916\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f15\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>void add_one(int* value); \/\/ C<br \/>\nvoid addOne(int&amp; value);  \/\/ C&#043;&#043; <\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u501f\u52a9\u5730\u5740\u4f20\u9012&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5728C&#043;&#043;\u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u9762\u5b83\u662f\u5df2\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u522b\u540d&#xff0c;\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6307\u9488\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>3. \u6cdb\u578b<\/h6>\n<p>C\u4e2d\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5b8f\u6216void*\u7f16\u5199\u901a\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>void qsort(void* base, size_t count, size_t size,<br \/>\n           int (*compare)(const void*, const void*)); <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u6a21\u677f\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u4fdd\u7559\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>template&lt;typename T&gt;<br \/>\nT maxValue(T a, T b)<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    return a &gt; b ? a : b;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u677f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u80fd\u529b\u901a\u5e38\u5f3a\u4e8evoid*\u65b9\u6848&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u4f18\u5316&#xff1b;\u4ee3\u4ef7\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u81a8\u80c0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-539&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e94\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/h6>\n<p>C\u4e00\u822c\u663e\u5f0f\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>FILE* file &#061; fopen(&#034;data.txt&#034;, &#034;r&#034;);<br \/>\nif (file !&#061; NULL) {<br \/>\n    \/* \u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6 *\/<br \/>\n    fclose(file);<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528RAII\u5bf9\u8c61\u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed1\u5b9a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>void readFile()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    std::ifstream file(&#034;data.txt&#034;);<br \/>\n    \/\/ \u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6790\u6784\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4ecd\u7136\u5141\u8bb8\u663e\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>std::vector\u3001std::string\u7b49\u5bb9\u5668&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>std::unique_ptr\u3001std::shared_ptr\u7b49\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>std::lock_guard\u7b49\u9501\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u9762&#xff0c;C\u5e38\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u548cerrno&#xff1b;C&#043;&#043;\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u5f02\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709C&#043;&#043;\u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u90e8\u5206\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6216\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u80fd\u7981\u7528\u5f02\u5e38&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u201cC\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u7801&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u53ea\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-540&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u516d\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/h6>\n<p>C\u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ee5\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>char text[] &#061; &#034;hello&#034;;<br \/>\nsize_t length &#061; strlen(text); <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684std::string&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>std::string text &#061; &#034;hello&#034;;<br \/>\ntext &#043;&#061; &#034; world&#034;; <\/p>\n<h6>2. \u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4<\/h6>\n<p>C\u901a\u5e38\u624b\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u957f\u5ea6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int* values &#061; malloc(count * sizeof *values);<br \/>\nfree(values); <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u5bb9\u5668&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>std::vector&lt;int&gt; values(count); <\/p>\n<h6>3. \u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa<\/h6>\n<p>C\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>printf(&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;, value);<br \/>\nscanf(&#034;%d&#034;, &amp;value); <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528C\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d41\u63a5\u53e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>std::cout &lt;&lt; value &lt;&lt; &#039;\\\\n&#039;;<br \/>\nstd::cin &gt;&gt; value; <\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9bstd::format\u7b49\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8eC&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u7248\u672c\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-541&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e03\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5dee\u5f02<\/h6>\n<h6>1. struct\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/h6>\n<p>C\u7684struct\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u4f20\u7edf\u5199\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5199struct\u6216\u4f7f\u7528typedef&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>struct Point point; <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u7684struct\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u540d&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>struct Point {<br \/>\n    int x &#061; 0;<br \/>\n    void move(int dx) { x &#043;&#061; dx; }<br \/>\n};<\/p>\n<p>Point point; <\/p>\n<h6>2. malloc\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/h6>\n<p>C\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06void*\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u6307\u9488&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int* values &#061; malloc(10 * sizeof *values); <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u79cd\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ int* values &#061; malloc(10 * sizeof *values); \/\/ C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u628avoid*\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u4e3aint* <\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f&#xff0c;malloc\u53ea\u5206\u914d\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570&#xff1b;free\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5bb9\u5668\u6216\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed9malloc\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>3. \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>\u5728C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7char*\u5408\u6cd5\u63a5\u6536\u5e76\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>const char* text &#061; &#034;hello&#034;; <\/p>\n<p>C\u4e2d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u89c4\u5219\u4e0eC&#043;&#043;\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u9645\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528const char*\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>4. sizeof(1 &#061;&#061; 1)<\/h6>\n<p>\u5728C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u8f83\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5185\u7f6ebool&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3asizeof(bool)&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u662f1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728C\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u662fint&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u7ed3\u679c\u662fsizeof(int)&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u662f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u89c4\u5b9asizeof(bool)\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u4e8e1&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u89c4\u5b9asizeof(int)\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u4e8e4&#xff1b;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>5. const\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u94fe\u63a5\u5c5e\u6027<\/h6>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u975eextern const\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5177\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5&#xff1b;C\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u57dfconst\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e26\u6709const\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u5f97\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u8de8\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u94fe\u63a5&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u4e24\u8fb9\u7684const\u89c4\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-542&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u516b\u3001\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u4e0e\u6df7\u5408\u7f16\u7a0b<\/h6>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4e0eC\u5171\u4eab\u5927\u91cf\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u5e38\u89c1ABI\u7ea6\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u4f46C&#043;&#043;\u4e0d\u662fC\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u8d85\u96c6\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u5dee\u5f02\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u66f4\u591a&#xff0c;\u67d0\u4e9b\u5728C\u4e2d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5728C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e24\u8005\u5bf9\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u3001const\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7b49\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u652f\u6301\u91cd\u8f7d&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bf9\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u540d\u5b57\u6539\u7f16&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C\u4e0eC&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5e38\u5728C&#043;&#043;\u4fa7\u4f7f\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u94fe\u63a5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>extern &#034;C&#034; {<br \/>\n    int add(int a, int b);<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>extern &#034;C&#034;\u4e0d\u662f\u628aC&#043;&#043;\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u6210C\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u6307\u5b9aC\u8bed\u8a00\u94fe\u63a5&#xff0c;\u4f7fC&#043;&#043;\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7167\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e0eC\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u534f\u4f5c\u3002\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd8\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u65b9ABI\u90fd\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u66b4\u9732C&#043;&#043;\u7c7b\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u548c\u6a21\u677f\u7b49C\u65e0\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-543&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e5d\u3001\u9762\u8bd5\u56de\u7b54\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a<\/h6>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cC&#043;&#043;\u5c31\u662fC\u52a0\u4e0a\u7c7b\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u8fd8\u6709\u6a21\u677f\u3001RAII\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b49\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cC&#043;&#043;\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9C&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709C\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u4e0d\u662fC\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u8d85\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cC\u6ca1\u6709\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u591a\u6001\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002C\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5757\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6307\u9488\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u5efa\u7c7b\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cC\u53ea\u80fd\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef\u3002C&#043;&#043;\u4ecd\u5141\u8bb8\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1b;\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6765\u81eaRAII\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u52a8\u963b\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cC\u7528malloc\/free&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u7528new\/delete\u5c31\u7b97\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u5bb9\u5668\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u548cRAII\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5new\/delete\u4e5f\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u9762\u8bd5\u5e38\u89c1\u8ffd\u95ee&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u76f8\u5bf9C\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u80fd\u529b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C\u548cC&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u7684struct\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>malloc\/free\u4e0enew\/delete\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u6837\u7ba1\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48C&#043;&#043;\u9700\u8981extern &#034;C&#034;\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u8c03\u7528C\u63a5\u53e3&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u662f\u4e0d\u662fC\u7684\u8d85\u96c6&#xff1f;\u8bf7\u4e3e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C\u4e0eC&#043;&#043;\u7684\u591a\u6001\u548c\u6cdb\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u522b\u600e\u6837\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>C\/C&#043;&#043; \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h5>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-546&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-547&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<p>\u5178\u578bC\/C&#043;&#043;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5230\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u5927\u81f4\u7ecf\u8fc7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u9884\u5904\u7406&#xff1a;\u5c55\u5f00#include\u3001\u5b8f\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff1a;\u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u8bed\u4e49&#xff0c;\u751f\u6210\u5e76\u4f18\u5316\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u793a&#xff0c;\u4ea7\u751f\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u6c47\u7f16&#xff1a;\u628a\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u7801\u6210\u53ef\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u94fe\u63a5&#xff1a;\u5408\u5e76\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5e93&#xff0c;\u89e3\u6790\u7b26\u53f7\u5e76\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5efa\u7acb\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u6620\u5c04\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u5e93<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u5b8c\u6210\u542f\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u8fdb\u5165main<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\nCPU\u53d6\u6307\u3001\u8bd1\u7801\u3001\u6267\u884c&#xff1b;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u9000\u51famain&#xff0c;\u6267\u884c\u6e05\u7406\u548c\u6790\u6784&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u56de\u6536\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90 <\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u4e2d\u95f4\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd1\u4f3c\u8bb0\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>main.cpp \u2192 main.i \u2192 main.s \u2192 main.o \u2192 app.exe \/ app<br \/>\n\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801     \u9884\u5904\u7406\u540e   \u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801  \u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6    \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 <\/p>\n<p>Windows\u5e38\u89c1.obj\u3001.exe\u3001.dll&#xff0c;Linux\u7b49\u5e73\u53f0\u5e38\u89c1.o\u3001ELF\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u548c.so\u3002\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8df3\u8fc7\u4fdd\u5b58\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e2d\u95f4\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u903b\u8f91\u9636\u6bb5\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u9636\u6bb5\u6838\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<td>\u5904\u7406\u5b8f\u3001\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1<\/td>\n<td>\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5b8f\u5c55\u5f00\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7f16\u8bd1<\/td>\n<td>\u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u89c4\u5219<\/td>\n<td>\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u6b67\u4e49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6c47\u7f16<\/td>\n<td>\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>\u65e5\u5e38\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c11\u5355\u72ec\u770b\u5230<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n<td>\u89e3\u6790\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u7b26\u53f7\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n<td>\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u5e93\u6216\u67b6\u6784\u4e0d\u5339\u914d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u88c5\u8f7d\/\u8fd0\u884c<\/td>\n<td>\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u6620\u5c04\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<td>\u7f3a\u5c11\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d8a\u754c\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u5d29\u6e83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-548&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u4e0e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143<\/h6>\n<p>\u9879\u76ee\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>.c\u6216.cpp\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u5305\u542b\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>.h\u6216.hpp\u5934\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u58f0\u660e\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u5185\u8054\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6784\u5efa\u914d\u7f6e&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u9009\u9879\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u9700\u8981\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\/\/ add.h<br \/>\nint add(int a, int b);<br \/>\n\/\/ add.cpp<br \/>\n#include &#034;add.h&#034;<\/p>\n<p>int add(int a, int b)<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    return a &#043; b;<br \/>\n}<br \/>\n\/\/ main.cpp<br \/>\n#include &lt;iostream&gt;<br \/>\n#include &#034;add.h&#034;<\/p>\n<p>int main()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; add(1, 2) &lt;&lt; &#039;\\\\n&#039;;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>CMake\u3001Make\u3001Ninja\u6216Visual Studio\u7b49\u6784\u5efa\u5de5\u5177\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b89\u6392\u54ea\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c&#xff1b;\u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3001\u6c47\u7f16\u5668\u548c\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6210\u5b9e\u9645\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u8fde\u540c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u540e\u5305\u542b\u8fdb\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u3002\u5404\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u522b\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u518d\u7531\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-549&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e09\u3001\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/h6>\n<p>\u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u5904\u7406&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>#include&#xff1a;\u5f15\u5165\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>#define&#xff1a;\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u5c55\u5f00\u5b8f&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>#if\u3001#ifdef&#xff1a;\u6761\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9884\u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>#define SIZE 10<br \/>\n#include &#034;add.h&#034;<\/p>\n<p>int values[SIZE]; <\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u9884\u5904\u7406\u540e\u5f97\u5230&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int add(int a, int b); \/\/ \u6765\u81eaadd.h<br \/>\nint values[10];        \/\/ \u5b8f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c55\u5f00 <\/p>\n<p>#include\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5305\u542b\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u201c\u94fe\u63a5\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u62a4\u6216#pragma once\u7528\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u540c\u4e00\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u5305\u542b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>#ifndef ADD_H<br \/>\n#define ADD_H<\/p>\n<p>int add(int a, int b);<\/p>\n<p>#endif <\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-550&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u56db\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1<\/h6>\n<p>\u72ed\u4e49\u7f16\u8bd1\u628a\u9884\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u5185\u90e8\u76ee\u6807\u8868\u793a&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5206\u6790&#xff1a;\u5b57\u7b26\u6d41 \u2192 \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3001\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7b49\u8bb0\u53f7<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790&#xff1a;\u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u8bed\u6cd5\u6811<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u8bed\u4e49\u5206\u6790&#xff1a;\u68c0\u67e5\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7b49<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u751f\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u793a&#xff08;IR&#xff09;<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u4f18\u5316&#xff1a;\u5e38\u91cf\u6298\u53e0\u3001\u6b7b\u4ee3\u7801\u5220\u9664\u3001\u5185\u8054\u7b49<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u6307\u4ee4\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5206\u914d<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801 <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u677f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u51b3\u8bae\u3001constexpr\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5C\/C&#043;&#043;\u4ee3\u7801\u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8eCPU\u67b6\u6784\u3001ABI\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u7ea7\u522b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e90\u7801\u4e0e\u6c47\u7f16\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u6c38\u8fdc\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u72ed\u4e49\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff1a;\u9884\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00 \u2192 \u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801<br \/>\n\u5e7f\u4e49\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff1a;\u4ece\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5931\u8d25\u201d\u7ecf\u5e38\u6cdb\u6307\u9884\u5904\u7406\u3001\u72ed\u4e49\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001\u6c47\u7f16\u6216\u94fe\u63a5\u4efb\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-551&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e94\u3001\u6c47\u7f16<\/h6>\n<p>\u6c47\u7f16\u5668\u628a\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>main.s \u2192 main.o \/ main.obj <\/p>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6bb5&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7b26\u53f7\u8868&#xff1a;\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1a;\u54ea\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\u9700\u8981\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u7a0d\u540e\u4fee\u6b63&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5c55\u5f00\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u8f85\u52a9\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982main.o\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u201c\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528add\u201d&#xff0c;\u4f46add\u6700\u7ec8\u5730\u5740\u8981\u7b49\u94fe\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-552&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u516d\u3001\u94fe\u63a5<\/h6>\n<p>\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u6240\u9700\u5e93\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5171\u4eab\u5e93&#xff0c;\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>1. \u7b26\u53f7\u89e3\u6790<\/h6>\n<p>main.o&#xff1a;\u9700\u8981\u7b26\u53f7add<br \/>\nadd.o &#xff1a;\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b26\u53f7add<br \/>\n          \u2193<br \/>\n\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u628a\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u5e94\u8d77\u6765 <\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u58f0\u660e\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u52a0\u5165\u94fe\u63a5&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0undefined reference\u6216\u201c\u672a\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7b26\u53f7\u201d\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdd\u89c4\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u540c\u5f3a\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff0c;\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u91cd\u590d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h6>\n<p>\u5206\u522b\u7f16\u8bd1\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8bb8\u591a\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u5730\u5740\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u5b89\u6392\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e03\u5c40&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4fee\u6b63\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>3. \u9759\u6001\u5e93\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u5e93<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5&#xff1a;\u4ece\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u6240\u9700\u76ee\u6807\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u5408\u5165\u6700\u7ec8\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff1b;\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u72ec\u7acb&#xff0c;\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5927&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5&#xff1a;\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u7559\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56&#xff0c;\u88c5\u8f7d\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u518d\u5b8c\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790&#xff1b;\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u66f4\u65b0&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u517c\u5bb9\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u94fe\u63a5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-553&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e03\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u88c5\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h6>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u5148\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u6001\u8fdb\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5185\u6838\u548c\u88c5\u8f7d\u5668\u5927\u81f4\u5b8c\u6210&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u68c0\u67e5\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u6743\u9650&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u6838\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5efa\u7acb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u628a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u548c\u53ef\u5199\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6808\u5efa\u7acb\u521d\u59cb\u6620\u5c04&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u5806\u589e\u957f\u51c6\u5907\u673a\u5236&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u88c5\u8f7d\u6240\u9700\u52a8\u6001\u5e93&#xff0c;\u7531\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u5b8c\u6210\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u51c6\u5907\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u521d\u59cbCPU\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u72b6\u6001&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u628a\u6267\u884c\u5165\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c97\u7565\u7406\u89e3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e03\u5c40\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502 \u6808&#xff1a;\u8c03\u7528\u5e27\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49 \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502 \u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u533a\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5e93     \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502 \u5806&#xff1a;\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5e38\u7528\u533a\u57df   \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502 \u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u3001BSS\u7b49          \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502 \u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e         \u2502<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n\u4f4e\u5730\u5740 <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u793a\u610f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662fC\/C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u5e03\u5c40\u53d7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u3001ABI\u3001ASLR\u548c\u88c5\u8f7d\u5668\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u88c5\u8f7d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u5373\u5168\u90e8\u8bfb\u8fdb\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u6309\u9700\u5206\u9875&#xff0c;\u9996\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1a\u672a\u9a7b\u7559\u7684\u9875\u9762\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7f3a\u9875&#xff0c;\u518d\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u5e94\u7269\u7406\u9875\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-554&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u516b\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5165main<\/h6>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u628aCPU\u8df3\u5230\u7528\u6237\u5199\u7684main\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5148\u8fdb\u5165\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u5165\u53e3\u3002\u542f\u52a8\u4ee3\u7801\u548cC\/C&#043;&#043;\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u63a5\u6536\u5e76\u6574\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b8c\u6210\u9700\u8981\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5de5\u4f5c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6700\u7ec8\u8c03\u7528main(argc, argv)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u88c5\u8f7d\u5165\u53e3<br \/>\n\u2192 \u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u542f\u52a8\u4ee3\u7801<br \/>\n\u2192 \u5168\u5c40\u548c\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u521d\u59cb\u5316<br \/>\n\u2192 main <\/p>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u5bf9\u8c61\u9996\u5148\u7ecf\u5386\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u968f\u540e\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5e38\u91cf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6216\u52a8\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u5904\u7406&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u201c\u9759\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-555&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e5d\u3001CPU\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h6>\n<p>\u8fdb\u5165main\u540e&#xff0c;CPU\u4e0d\u65ad\u6267\u884c\u53d6\u6307\u3001\u8bd1\u7801\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7b49\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u6d89\u53caABI\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4f20\u53c2\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6216\u6808\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u548c\u6808\u5e27&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4f18\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u6700\u7ec8\u53d1\u8d77\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4ee3\u7801&#xff1a;std::ofstream \/ std::thread\u7b49<br \/>\n        \u2193<br \/>\n\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93<br \/>\n        \u2193<br \/>\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfAPI\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<br \/>\n        \u2193<br \/>\n\u5185\u6838\u68c0\u67e5\u6743\u9650\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u8c03\u5ea6\u7ebf\u7a0b<br \/>\n        \u2193<br \/>\n\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f <\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6001\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6bcf\u6761\u8bed\u53e5\u90fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u6838\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u65f6&#xff0c;CPU\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5355\u5143\u548c\u9875\u8868\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u628a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740&#xff1b;\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-556&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u5341\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u56de\u6536<\/h6>\n<p>\u4ecemain\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de&#xff0c;\u6548\u679c\u4e0a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u628a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u9500\u6bc1\u4ecd\u9700\u6b63\u5e38\u6790\u6784\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671fC&#043;&#043;\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u901a\u8fc7atexit\u7b49\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5237\u65b0\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u628a\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u4ea4\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u675f\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u56de\u6536\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u53e5\u67c4\u7b49\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u5c40\u90e8\u81ea\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u76f8\u5e94\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6\u6790\u6784&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u6808\u5c55\u5f00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u6790\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u9000\u51fa\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ecemain\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u8c03\u7528std::exit\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u5904\u7406&#xff0c;\u4f46std::exit\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5e76\u9010\u5c42\u9500\u6bc1\u5f53\u524d\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>std::quick_exit\u53ea\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u9000\u51fa\u5904\u7406&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>std::_Exit\u3001_exit\u6216\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u901a\u5e38\u8df3\u8fc7\u66f4\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6001\u6e05\u7406&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5d29\u6e83\u3001\u65ad\u7535\u6216\u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7801\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4e86\u5806\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u56de\u6536\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u6b63\u786e\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1a;\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u4ecd\u4f1a\u8017\u5c3d\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e14\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u9501\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u4e8b\u52a1\u7b49\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u9760\u8fdb\u7a0b\u56de\u6536\u6b63\u786e\u6536\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-557&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u62a5\u9519\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u5982\u4f55\u6839\u636e\u62a5\u9519\u5224\u65ad\u9636\u6bb5<\/h6>\n<table>\n<tr>\u73b0\u8c61\u5e38\u89c1\u9636\u6bb5\u4f18\u5148\u68c0\u67e5<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<td>\u5305\u542b\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>expected\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n<td>\u7f16\u8bd1<\/td>\n<td>\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u672a\u89e3\u6790\u5916\u90e8\u7b26\u53f7<\/td>\n<td>\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n<td>\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5e93\u662f\u5426\u53c2\u4e0e\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u91cd\u590d\u5b9a\u4e49<\/td>\n<td>\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n<td>\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u9519\u8bef\u653e\u5165\u975e\u5185\u8054\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001ODR\u662f\u5426\u8fdd\u53cd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7f3a\u5c11DLL\u6216\u5171\u4eab\u5e93<\/td>\n<td>\u88c5\u8f7d<\/td>\n<td>\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u7248\u672c\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u67b6\u6784<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6bb5\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u51b2\u7a81<\/td>\n<td>\u8fd0\u884c<\/td>\n<td>\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u3001\u60ac\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u3001\u8d8a\u754c\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h6>2. \u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a<\/h6>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5\u94fe\u63a5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;#include\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u9884\u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u5c55\u5f00&#xff1b;\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u5904\u7406\u7684\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u58f0\u660e\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u63a5\u53e3&#xff1b;\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u6570\u636e&#xff1b;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u5b9e\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540e&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528main\u3002\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u542f\u52a8\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u822c\u5148\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u624d\u8c03\u7528main\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u88c5\u8f7d\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u5165\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u548c\u6309\u9700\u5206\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u540e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u56de\u6536\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u9700RAII\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u63d0\u4ea4\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u4ecd\u9700\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h6>3. \u9762\u8bd5\u5e38\u89c1\u8ffd\u95ee<\/h6>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ece.cpp\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9884\u5904\u7406\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001\u6c47\u7f16\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u5206\u522b\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f15\u7528&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u88c5\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u5927\u81f4\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165main&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5168\u5c40\u548c\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728main\u4e4b\u524d\u3001\u4e4b\u540e\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u6839\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u5224\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u671f\u3001\u88c5\u8f7d\u671f\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u671f&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;section-2&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h4>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6808\u5806\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u5e03\u5c40&#xff08;1\/2&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>C\/C&#043;&#043; \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u533a<\/h5>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-599&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-600&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<p>C\/C&#043;&#043;\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u533a\u201d&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u6001\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6982\u62ec&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u6761\u673a\u68b0\u5207\u6210\u51e0\u5757&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662fC\/C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5e03\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5e38\u89c1\u533a\u57df\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5e38\u89c1\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6216\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5&#xff08;text&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4<\/td>\n<td>\u968f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6620\u5c04&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u8bfb\u4e14\u53ef\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u533a&#xff08;rodata&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u53ea\u8bfb\u5e38\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5df2\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u6bb5&#xff08;data&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u975e\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u6bb5&#xff08;BSS&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u672a\u663e\u5f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6216\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u88ab\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5806&#xff08;heap&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n<td>\u7531malloc\/free\u6216new\/delete\u7b49\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u533a<\/td>\n<td>\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u3001\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u533f\u540d\u6620\u5c04\u7b49<\/td>\n<td>\u7531\u88c5\u8f7d\u5668\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6808&#xff08;stack&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u5e38\u89c1\u51fd\u6570\u6808\u5e27\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<td>\u968f\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8&#xff08;TLS&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>thread_local\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<td>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u4efd&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u968f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u751f\u706d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf           \u2192 \u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6808\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u653e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6216\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u6389<br \/>\n\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001static\u53d8\u91cf   \u2192 \u901a\u5e38\u5728data\u6216BSS\u4e2d<br \/>\nnew\/malloc\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61   \u2192 \u901a\u5e38\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u533a\u57df<br \/>\n\u51fd\u6570\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4           \u2192 \u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5<br \/>\n\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf           \u2192 \u901a\u5e38\u5728\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u533a <\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u7801\u653e\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e38\u5728data\/BSS&#xff0c;\u81ea\u52a8\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e38\u5728\u6808&#xff0c;\u52a8\u6001\u7533\u8bf7\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e38\u5728\u5806&#xff1b;\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u5e03\u5c40\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001ABI\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-601&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe<\/h6>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662fLinux\u7b49\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u793a\u610f&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u6574\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u5730\u5740\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u589e\u957f\u65b9\u5411\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u90fd\u76f8\u540c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>                   \u9ad8\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502 \u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4                              \u2502  \u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502 \u6808 stack                              \u2502  \u51fd\u6570\u6808\u5e27\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61<br \/>\n\u2502 \u2193 \u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u5411\u8f83\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u589e\u957f             \u2502  \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6808<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502              \u672a\u6620\u5c04\u7a7a\u95f4                \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502 \u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u533a mmap                       \u2502  \u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u3001\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u533f\u540d\u6620\u5c04<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502              \u672a\u6620\u5c04\u7a7a\u95f4                \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502 \u5806 heap                               \u2502  malloc\/new\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u533a\u57df<br \/>\n\u2502 \u2191 \u4f20\u7edf\u793a\u610f\u4e2d\u5411\u8f83\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u589e\u957f             \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502 BSS                                   \u2502  \u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u672a\u663e\u5f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\/static\u5bf9\u8c61<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502 data                                  \u2502  \u975e\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\/static\u5bf9\u8c61<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502 rodata                                \u2502  \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u53ea\u8bfb\u5e38\u91cf<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502 text                                  \u2502  \u7a0b\u5e8f\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u8bfb\u4e14\u53ef\u6267\u884c<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n                   \u4f4e\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740 <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u3002CPU\u8bbf\u95ee\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7531\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5355\u5143\u548c\u9875\u8868\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u5230\u7269\u7406\u9875&#xff1b;\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u9875\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8fde\u7eed&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5c1a\u672a\u5b9e\u9645\u9a7b\u7559\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u542f\u7528ASLR&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u6808\u3001\u5806\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6620\u50cf\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5730\u5740\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u968f\u673a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-602&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e09\u3001\u5404\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u5177\u4f53\u5b58\u653e\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u4e0e\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u533a<\/h6>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u51fd\u6570\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5e76\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201c\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u5199\u201d&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u628a\u6307\u4ee4\u5f53\u666e\u901a\u6570\u636e\u968f\u610f\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8bfb\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u7269\u7406\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u53ea\u8bfb\u5e38\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u5728\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u533a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>const char* message &#061; &#034;hello&#034;; <\/p>\n<p>message\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u653e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff1b;&#034;hello&#034;\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u8fdb\u53ea\u8bfb\u533a\u57df\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. data\u4e0eBSS<\/h6>\n<p>\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u53d8\u91cf\u548cstatic\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u5728data\u6216BSS\u4e2d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int initialized &#061; 10;  \/\/ \u901a\u5e38\u5728data<br \/>\nint zeroInitialized;   \/\/ \u901a\u5e38\u5728BSS&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u4e3a0<br \/>\nstatic int fileValue;  \/\/ \u901a\u5e38\u5728BSS&#xff0c;static\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u94fe\u63a5\u5c5e\u6027 <\/p>\n<p>BSS\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f&#xff1a;\u5927\u91cf\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u5fc5\u628a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u96f6\u90fd\u539f\u6837\u5b58\u8fdb\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u9700\u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u88c5\u8f7d\u65f6\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9875\u9762\u3002\u56e0\u6b64BSS\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u9700\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7b49\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u533a\u57df&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u8c03\u7528\u53cd\u590d\u5728\u6808\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>void countCalls()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    static int count &#061; 0;<br \/>\n    &#043;&#043;count;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<h6>3. \u6808<\/h6>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6808\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u8c03\u6574\u6808\u5e27&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49&#xff1b;\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\u76f8\u5e94\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u5feb\u901f\u6536\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u201c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e25\u683c\u3002\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u653e\u8fdb\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u5408\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u9664&#xff1b;\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u89c4\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u4f18\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236\u3002\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u6df1\u6216\u5c40\u90e8\u6570\u7ec4\u8fc7\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>void function()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    int veryLargeArray[10&#039;000&#039;000]; \/\/ \u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<h6>4. \u5806\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u533a\u57df<\/h6>\n<p>\u5806\u7528\u4e8e\u6ee1\u8db3\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6216\u5927\u5c0f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u968f\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u9700\u6c42&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int* pointer &#061; new int(42);<br \/>\ndelete pointer; <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u5206\u5f00\u770b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>pointer\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf \u2192 \u5982\u679c\u662f\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u6808\u5e27\u4e2d<br \/>\nnew int(42)\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2192 \u4f4d\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d <\/p>\n<p>new\u901a\u5e38\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u914d\u5668\u53d6\u5f97\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u518d\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1b;delete\u5148\u6790\u6784\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u518d\u628a\u5185\u5b58\u4ea4\u8fd8\u5206\u914d\u5668\u3002\u5206\u914d\u5668\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u5185\u5b58\u8fd8\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u7559\u8d77\u6765\u4f9b\u540e\u7eed\u7533\u8bf7\u590d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5806\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5316\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5927\u578b\u5206\u914d\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u533f\u540d\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6765\u81ea\u56fe\u4e2d\u4e00\u5757\u8fde\u7eed\u3001\u53ea\u6309\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5806\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>5. \u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u533a\u4e0e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8<\/h6>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u533a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u88c5\u8f7d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u3001\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u533f\u540d\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6\u540e&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u50cf\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u4e00\u6837\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u7f3a\u9875\u65f6\u518d\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u88c5\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>thread_local\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>thread_local int threadCount &#061; 0; <\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u5404\u81ea\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4efdthreadCount&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u666e\u901a\u5168\u5c40\u6216static\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-603&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u56db\u3001\u7528\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5224\u65ad\u5bf9\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e\u54ea\u91cc<\/h6>\n<p>int globalInitialized &#061; 10;      \/\/ \u901a\u5e38\u5728data<br \/>\nint globalZero;                  \/\/ \u901a\u5e38\u5728BSS<br \/>\nconst int globalConstant &#061; 20;   \/\/ \u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u533a<\/p>\n<p>void function()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    int local &#061; 1;               \/\/ \u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6808\u6216\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d<br \/>\n    static int staticLocal &#061; 2;  \/\/ \u901a\u5e38\u5728data&#xff0c;\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21<br \/>\n    const char* text &#061; &#034;hello&#034;; \/\/ text\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6808\/\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668&#xff1b;\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u53ea\u8bfb\u533a<br \/>\n    int* dynamic &#061; new int(3);   \/\/ dynamic\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6808\/\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668&#xff1b;\u6240\u6307int\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u533a<\/p>\n<p>    delete dynamic;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>\u5224\u65ad\u65f6\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u770b\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u8981\u4f9d\u6b21\u770b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1f;<br \/>\n\u2192 \u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u54ea\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff1f;<br \/>\n\u2192 \u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u662f\u6307\u9488\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1f;<br \/>\n\u2192 \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u8fdb\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6216\u4f18\u5316\u6389&#xff1f; <\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-604&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e94\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u533a\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/h6>\n<p>\u201c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5bf9\u8c61\u6d3b\u591a\u4e45\u201d\u76f8\u5173&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u5e38\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u5178\u578b\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u673a<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u81ea\u52a8\u5b58\u50a8\u671f<\/td>\n<td>\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<td>\u79bb\u5f00\u6240\u5c5e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6\u9500\u6bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f<\/td>\n<td>\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b58\u50a8\u671f<\/td>\n<td>thread_local\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u6240\u5c5e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u52a8\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<td>\u663e\u5f0f\u91ca\u653e\u6216\u6240\u6709\u8005\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5fc5\u7136\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u6bb5\u201d\u66f4\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f&#xff1a;\u5148\u8bf4\u660e\u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u548c\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff0c;\u518d\u8865\u5145\u76ee\u6807\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-605&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u516d\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\u4e0e\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee<\/h6>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u6240\u6709\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6216\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u6389&#xff1b;\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cnew\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u662f\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u6307\u9488\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u8981\u5206\u522b\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709\u503c\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u5148\u88ab\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u73b0\u653e\u5728BSS\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u4e00\u5b9a\u6309\u5730\u5740\u5411\u4e0a\u8fde\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u3002\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u793a\u610f&#xff0c;\u73b0\u4ee3\u5206\u914d\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u548c\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u533a\u56fe\u5c31\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u6808\u6bd4\u5806\u5feb\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u666e\u901a\u5185\u5b58\u9875&#xff1b;\u5dee\u5f02\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u5206\u914d\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u9762\u8bd5\u5e38\u89c1\u8ffd\u95ee&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>data\u548cBSS\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48BSS\u80fd\u51cf\u5c0f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5c40\u90e8\u6307\u9488\u53ca\u5176\u901a\u8fc7new\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u522b\u5728\u54ea\u91cc&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6808\u548c\u5806\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u53ca\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u4e0a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u201c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u201d\u4e0d\u4e25\u8c28&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u6808\u4e0e\u5806\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5b8c\u6574\u673a\u5236<\/h5>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-002&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5e03\u5c40<\/h6>\n<p>\u5178\u578b 64 \u4f4d Linux \u8fdb\u7a0b\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502  \u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff08;\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff09; \u2502  \u2190 0xFFFF_8000_0000_0000 \u8d77<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502       \u6808&#xff08;stack&#xff09;        \u2502  \u2190 \u5411\u4e0b\u589e\u957f&#xff0c;\u5730\u5740\u51cf\u5c0f<br \/>\n\u2502                         \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502     \u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u533a&#xff08;mmap&#xff09;    \u2502  \u2190 \u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5927\u5806\u5206\u914d<br \/>\n\u2502                         \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502       \u5806&#xff08;heap&#xff09;          \u2502  \u2190 \u5411\u4e0a\u589e\u957f&#xff0c;\u5730\u5740\u589e\u5927<br \/>\n\u2502                         \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502       BSS \u6bb5              \u2502  \u2190 \u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502       data \u6bb5             \u2502  \u2190 \u5df2\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502       \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5&#xff08;text&#xff09;      \u2502  \u2190 \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502  \u4fdd\u7559\/\u53ea\u8bfb\u533a\u57df&#xff08;NULL \u9875&#xff09;  \u2502  \u2190 0 \u5730\u5740\u9644\u8fd1\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n\u4f4e\u5730\u5740 <\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u5740&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>64 \u4f4d Linux \u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u5230 0x0000_7FFF_FFFF_FFFF&#xff08;128TB&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6808\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63a5\u8fd1\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u9876\u90e8&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5806\u4ece brk \u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff08;&amp;end \u9644\u8fd1&#xff09;\u5411\u4e0a\u589e\u957f&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6808\u548c\u5806\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u9699\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u53cc\u65b9\u6269\u5c55\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001\u6808\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u6808\u7531 CPU \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406<\/h6>\n<p>x86_64 \u67b6\u6784\u4e2d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>RSP&#xff08;Stack Pointer&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6808\u9876\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411\u6700\u540e\u538b\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>RBP&#xff08;Base Pointer&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6808\u5e27\u57fa\u5740\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411\u5f53\u524d\u6808\u5e27\u5e95\u90e8&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>RIP&#xff08;Instruction Pointer&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>push rax      ; RSP -&#061; 8, [RSP] &#061; RAX<br \/>\npop  rax      ; RAX &#061; [RSP], RSP &#043;&#061; 8<br \/>\ncall func     ; push RIP, RIP &#061; func \u5730\u5740<br \/>\nret           ; pop RIP <\/p>\n<h6>2. \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6808\u5e27\u53d8\u5316<\/h6>\n<p>\u4ee5 x86_64 System V AMD64 ABI \u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int add(int a, int b) {<br \/>\n    int c &#061; a &#043; b;<br \/>\n    return c;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>int main() {<br \/>\n    int x &#061; add(1, 2);<br \/>\n    return 0;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>\u8c03\u7528 add(1, 2) \u65f6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>main:<br \/>\n    push rbp<br \/>\n    mov  rbp, rsp<br \/>\n    sub  rsp, 16          ; \u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>    mov  edi, 1           ; \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570 a<br \/>\n    mov  esi, 2           ; \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570 b<br \/>\n    call add              ; 1. push \u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5730\u5740&#xff1b;2. \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230 add<br \/>\n    mov  [rbp-4], eax     ; \u4fdd\u5b58\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5230 x<\/p>\n<p>add:<br \/>\n    push rbp<br \/>\n    mov  rbp, rsp<br \/>\n    sub  rsp, 16          ; \u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf c \u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>    mov  eax, edi         ; eax &#061; a<br \/>\n    add  eax, esi         ; eax &#061; a &#043; b<br \/>\n    mov  [rbp-4], eax     ; c &#061; a &#043; b<\/p>\n<p>    mov  eax, [rbp-4]     ; \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u653e\u5165 eax<br \/>\n    mov  rsp, rbp         ; \u6062\u590d\u6808\u6307\u9488<br \/>\n    pop  rbp              ; \u6062\u590d\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u5e27\u57fa\u5740<br \/>\n    ret                   ; \u5f39\u51fa\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u8df3\u8f6c\u56de\u53bb <\/p>\n<p>\u6808\u5e27\u5e03\u5c40&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502  \u8c03\u7528\u8005 main \u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf   \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502  \u53c2\u6570 b &#061; 2              \u2502  \u2190 \u901a\u8fc7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f20&#xff0c;\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd spill \u5230\u6808<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502  \u53c2\u6570 a &#061; 1              \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502  \u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740&#xff08;main \u7684 RIP&#xff09;  \u2502  \u2190 call \u6307\u4ee4\u538b\u5165<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502  \u4fdd\u5b58\u7684 RBP&#xff08;main \u7684 RBP&#xff09;\u2502  \u2190 add \u51fd\u6570 push rbp<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2190 RBP \u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u91cc<br \/>\n\u2502  \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf c &#061; 3           \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502  \u5bf9\u9f50\/\u4e34\u65f6\u7a7a\u95f4            \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2190 RSP \u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u91cc<br \/>\n\u2502                         \u2502<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n\u4f4e\u5730\u5740 <\/p>\n<h6>3. \u6808\u7684\u751f\u957f\u65b9\u5411<\/h6>\n<p>x86 \u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u6808\u5411\u4e0b\u751f\u957f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>push \u4f7f RSP \u51cf\u5c0f&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>pop \u4f7f RSP \u589e\u5927&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u5206\u914d\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1a;sub rsp, N&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de&#xff1a;mov rsp, rbp \u6216 leave\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5730\u5740\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>void foo() {<br \/>\n    int a &#061; 1;<br \/>\n    int b &#061; 2;<br \/>\n    int c &#061; 3;<br \/>\n    printf(&#034;%p<br \/>\n&#034;, &amp;a);<br \/>\n    printf(&#034;%p<br \/>\n&#034;, &amp;b);<br \/>\n    printf(&#034;%p<br \/>\n&#034;, &amp;c);<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>\u5178\u578b\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>0x7ffd12345678<br \/>\n0x7ffd12345674<br \/>\n0x7ffd12345670 <\/p>\n<p>\u5730\u5740\u9012\u51cf&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u6808\u5411\u4e0b\u751f\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>4. \u6808\u5bf9\u9f50<\/h6>\n<p>x86_64 System V ABI \u8981\u6c42&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u524d RSP \u5fc5\u987b 16 \u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u9f50&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>call \u6307\u4ee4\u538b\u5165 8 \u5b57\u8282\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u51fd\u6570\u65f6 RSP &#043; 8 \u662f 16 \u5bf9\u9f50&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63d2\u5165 sub rsp, 8 \u7b49\u5bf9\u9f50\u586b\u5145\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>5. \u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u673a\u5236<\/h6>\n<p>Linux \u4e2d\u6808\u5927\u5c0f\u7531 ulimit -s \u63a7\u5236&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4 8192 KB&#xff08;8 MB&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6808\u5e95\u9644\u8fd1\u6709\u4e00\u9875\u6216\u591a\u9875 guard page&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502       \u6808\u53ef\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4          \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502      guard page          \u2502  \u2190 \u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u89e6\u53d1 SIGSEGV<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502       \u5806\/\u5176\u4ed6             \u2502<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n\u4f4e\u5730\u5740 <\/p>\n<p>\u5f53 RSP \u51cf\u5c0f\u5230 guard page \u65f6&#xff0c;\u89e6\u53d1\u9875\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u9001 SIGSEGV&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u6ea2\u51fa\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>void bad() {<br \/>\n    int arr[1024 * 1024];  \/\/ 4 MB&#xff0c;\u63a5\u8fd1\u6808\u4e0a\u9650<br \/>\n    bad();<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u6bcf\u6b21\u538b\u6808\u7ea6 32~64 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u52a0\u4e0a\u5927\u6570\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u5f88\u5feb\u8017\u5c3d\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6>\u4e09\u3001\u5806\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u5806\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7533\u8bf7<\/h6>\n<p>Linux \u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>brk()\/sbrk()&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    \u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u672b\u5c3e&#xff0c;\u6269\u5c55\u8fde\u7eed\u5806\u533a<br \/>\n    \u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u5206\u914d<\/p>\n<p>mmap()&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    \u72ec\u7acb\u6620\u5c04\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df<br \/>\n    \u9002\u5408\u5927\u5206\u914d\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<br \/>\n#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ \u6269\u5c55\u5806 4096 \u5b57\u8282<br \/>\nvoid* p &#061; sbrk(4096);<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ \u5927\u5185\u5b58\u7528 mmap<br \/>\n#include &lt;sys\/mman.h&gt;<br \/>\nvoid* p &#061; mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0); <\/p>\n<p>Windows \u5bf9\u5e94&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>VirtualAlloc() \u2192 HeapAlloc() <\/p>\n<h6>2. ptmalloc \u5806\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/h6>\n<p>glibc \u7684 malloc \u7531 ptmalloc \u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5806\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a chunk&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502  mchunkprev_size        \u2502  \u2190 \u7269\u7406\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a chunk \u5927\u5c0f&#xff08;\u4ec5\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2&#xff09;<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502  mchunksize &#043; flags     \u2502  \u2190 \u5f53\u524d chunk \u5927\u5c0f &#043; \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502                         \u2502<br \/>\n\u2502  \u7528\u6237\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;malloc \u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740&#xff09;\u2502<br \/>\n\u2502                         \u2502<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502  fd&#xff08;next chunk \u6307\u9488&#xff09;    \u2502  \u2190 \u4ec5\u7a7a\u95f2 chunk \u6709<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502  bk&#xff08;prev chunk \u6307\u9488&#xff09;    \u2502  \u2190 \u4ec5\u7a7a\u95f2 chunk \u6709<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524<br \/>\n\u2502  mchunknext size        \u2502  \u2190 \u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a chunk \u7684\u5934\u90e8\u5927\u5c0f<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 <\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>PREV_INUSE&#xff1a;\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a chunk \u662f\u5426\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>IS_MMAPPED&#xff1a;\u5f53\u524d chunk \u662f\u5426\u7531 mmap \u5206\u914d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>NON_MAIN_ARENA&#xff1a;\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u4e3b arena&#xff08;\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>3. malloc \u5206\u914d\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h6>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u8c03\u7528 malloc(N)<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u771f\u5b9e\u5927\u5c0f&#xff1a;N &#043; chunk \u5934&#xff0c;\u5411\u4e0a\u5bf9\u9f50\u5230 16 \u5b57\u8282<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\nfastbin&#xff08;\u5c0f\u5185\u5b58 16~80 \u5b57\u8282&#xff09;<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\nsmallbin&#xff08;\u4e2d\u7b49\u5185\u5b58&#xff09;<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\nlargebin&#xff08;\u5927\u5185\u5b58&#xff09;<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\nunsorted bin&#xff08;\u6700\u8fd1\u91ca\u653e\u7684 chunk&#xff09;<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u4ece top chunk \u5207\u5272<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c top chunk \u4e0d\u591f&#xff1a;brk() \u6269\u5c55 \u6216 mmap() \u6620\u5c04<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 <\/p>\n<h6>4. free \u91ca\u653e\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h6>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u8c03\u7528 free(p)<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u4ece p \u627e\u5230 chunk \u5934<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u68c0\u67e5\u76f8\u90bb chunk \u662f\u5426\u7a7a\u95f2<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u90bb\u7a7a\u95f2&#xff1a;\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u5927 chunk<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u653e\u5165\u5408\u9002 bin&#xff08;fastbin\/smallbin\/unsortedbin&#xff09;<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7d27\u90bb top chunk&#xff1a;\u5e76\u5165 top chunk<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u5806\u9876\u5927\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f2&#xff1a;brk() \u6536\u7f29&#xff0c;\u5f52\u8fd8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf <\/p>\n<h6>5. \u5806\u5730\u5740\u793a\u4f8b<\/h6>\n<p>int* p1 &#061; (int*)malloc(4);<br \/>\nint* p2 &#061; (int*)malloc(4);<br \/>\nint* p3 &#061; (int*)malloc(4096);<\/p>\n<p>printf(&#034;p1 &#061; %p<br \/>\n&#034;, p1);<br \/>\nprintf(&#034;p2 &#061; %p<br \/>\n&#034;, p2);<br \/>\nprintf(&#034;p3 &#061; %p<br \/>\n&#034;, p3); <\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>p1 &#061; 0x55a3e4b0c2a0<br \/>\np2 &#061; 0x55a3e4b0c2c0<br \/>\np3 &#061; 0x55a3e4b1d000 <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>p1 \u548c p2 \u76f8\u5dee 32 \u5b57\u8282&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u7528 4 \u5b57\u8282 &#043; chunk \u5934 16 \u5b57\u8282 &#043; \u5bf9\u9f50\u586b\u5145&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>p3 \u8fdc\u79bb p1\/p2&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u662f mmap \u5206\u914d\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h6>\u56db\u3001\u6808\u4e0e\u5806\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h6>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7279\u6027\u6808\u5806<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5206\u914d\u6307\u4ee4<\/td>\n<td>sub rsp, N<\/td>\n<td>malloc \u2192 \u67e5\u627e\/\u5207\u5206 chunk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5206\u914d\u901f\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u7eb3\u79d2\u7ea7<\/td>\n<td>\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7&#xff08;\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u9501&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u9501<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981<\/td>\n<td>\u9700\u8981&#xff08;\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b arena&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/td>\n<td>\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/td>\n<td>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5730\u5740\u8fde\u7eed\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u8fde\u7eed<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38 8 MB<\/td>\n<td>\u53d7\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u9650\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5178\u578b\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<td>\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa<\/td>\n<td>\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001\u8d8a\u754c\u3001double free<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u91ca\u653e\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u52a8\u6062\u590d<\/td>\n<td>\u624b\u52a8 free\/delete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92<\/td>\n<td>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u5206\u914d\u6808\u533a<\/td>\n<td>\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6 brk\/mmap \u6309\u9700\u589e\u957f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h6>\u4e94\u3001\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u8ffd\u95ee\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7b54\u6848<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u6808\u548c\u5806\u7684\u6700\u5927\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u6808\u7531 CPU \u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u5206\u914d\u91ca\u653e\u5feb\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u9650&#xff1b;\u5806\u7531\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u4f46\u5206\u914d\u6162&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6808\u5206\u914d\u6bd4\u5806\u5feb&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u6808\u5206\u914d\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u6761 sub rsp, N \u6307\u4ee4&#xff1b;\u5806\u5206\u914d\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u5408\u9002 chunk\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u9501\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>3. \u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u6df1\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u6570\u7ec4\u8fc7\u5927\u3001\u65e0\u9650\u9012\u5f52\u3002\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\u9ed8\u8ba4 8 MB&#xff0c;\u8d85\u51fa guard page \u89e6\u53d1 SIGSEGV\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>4. new \u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u54ea\u91cc&#xff1f;new \u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u54ea\u91cc&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>void foo() {<br \/>\n    int* p &#061; new int(10);<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>p \u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5728\u6808\u4e0a&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>new int(10) \u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>5. \u9012\u5f52\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u6bcf\u6b21\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u4f1a\u538b\u5165\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49&#xff0c;\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u6808\u5e27\u3002\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5927\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6808\u5e27\u7d2f\u79ef\u8017\u5c3d\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>6. \u5806\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>new \u540e\u6ca1\u6709 delete&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f02\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4 delete \u672a\u6267\u884c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u63d0\u524d return \u8df3\u8fc7\u91ca\u653e&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u5206\u914d\u672a\u91ca\u653e&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6307\u9488\u88ab\u8986\u76d6&#xff0c;\u539f\u5730\u5740\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>7. \u6808\u548c\u5806\u7684\u751f\u957f\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>x86 \u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u6808\u4ece\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u5411\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u751f\u957f&#xff1b;\u5806\u4ece\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u5411\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u751f\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>8. \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u6808\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u6392\u5217&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5730\u5740\u66f4\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u540e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5730\u5740\u66f4\u4f4e&#xff08;\u6808\u5411\u4e0b\u751f\u957f&#xff09;\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>void foo() {<br \/>\n    int a;  \/\/ 0x7ffd12345678<br \/>\n    int b;  \/\/ 0x7ffd12345674<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<h6>9. \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6808\u548c\u5806\u7684\u5173\u7cfb&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u6808&#xff1b;\u5806\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u7684&#xff0c;\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6 malloc\/free \u9700\u8981\u9501\u3002ptmalloc \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a arena \u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>10. \u6808\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 free&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6 mov rsp, rbp \u76f4\u63a5\u6062\u590d\u6808\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u6574\u4e2a\u6808\u5e27\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03&#xff0c;\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u81ea\u52a8\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6>\u516d\u3001\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Valgrind&#xff1a;\u68c0\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001\u8d8a\u754c\u3001\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>AddressSanitizer&#xff08;ASan&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u63d2\u6869\u68c0\u6d4b use-after-free\u3001\u5806\u6ea2\u51fa&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>gdb&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u6808\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5730\u5740&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>vmmap \/ pmap&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e03\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0e\u6307\u9488<\/h5>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-003&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<p>\u5148\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043; \u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u5360\u591a\u5c11\u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7531\u201c32 \u4f4d\/64 \u4f4d\u201d\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u7531 C&#043;&#043; \u6807\u51c6\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3001ABI\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e73\u53f0\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-004&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>1. \u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 Windows\/Linux\u3001x86\/x86-64 \u5e73\u53f0\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7c7b\u578b32 \u4f4d\u5e38\u89c164 \u4f4d\u5e38\u89c1\u5907\u6ce8<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>char<\/td>\n<td>1 B<\/td>\n<td>1 B<\/td>\n<td>\u6807\u51c6\u4fdd\u8bc1 1 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>bool<\/td>\n<td>1 B<\/td>\n<td>1 B<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u5982\u6b64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>short<\/td>\n<td>2 B<\/td>\n<td>2 B<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>int<\/td>\n<td>4 B<\/td>\n<td>4 B<\/td>\n<td>32\/64 \u4f4d\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4e0d\u53d8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>long<\/td>\n<td>4 B<\/td>\n<td>Windows 4 B \/ Linux 8 B<\/td>\n<td>\u91cd\u70b9\u533a\u522b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>long long<\/td>\n<td>8 B<\/td>\n<td>8 B<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>float<\/td>\n<td>4 B<\/td>\n<td>4 B<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>double<\/td>\n<td>8 B<\/td>\n<td>8 B<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6307\u9488 T*<\/td>\n<td>4 B<\/td>\n<td>8 B<\/td>\n<td>\u91cd\u70b9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5f15\u7528 T&amp;<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u76f8\u5173<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u76f8\u5173<\/td>\n<td>\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u89c4\u5b9a\u5fc5\u987b\u5360\u591a\u5c11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>size_t<\/td>\n<td>4 B<\/td>\n<td>8 B<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0e\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u5173<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-005&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8003\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a<\/h6>\n<p>64 \u4f4d\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>char        1<br \/>\nshort       2<br \/>\nint         4<br \/>\nlong long   8<br \/>\nfloat       4<br \/>\ndouble      8<br \/>\n\u6307\u9488         8<br \/>\nsize_t      8 <\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Windows 64 \u4f4d&#xff1a;long \u4ecd\u7136\u662f 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Linux 64 \u4f4d&#xff1a;long \u901a\u5e38\u662f 8 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u9762\u8bd5\u975e\u5e38\u559c\u6b22\u95ee\u7684\u5751\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-006&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>3. \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b<\/h6>\n<p>struct A {<br \/>\n    int a;<br \/>\n    char b;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f 5 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50&#xff08;padding&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int  &#061; 4<br \/>\nchar &#061; 1<br \/>\npadding &#061; 3<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(A) &#061; 8 <\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f &#061; \u6210\u5458\u5927\u5c0f &#043; \u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u4ea7\u751f\u7684 padding<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-007&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>4. 64 \u4f4d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>64 \u4f4d\u4e3b\u8981\u6307 CPU \u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\/\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7b49\u4f53\u7cfb\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5 64 \u4f4d\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>64 \u4f4d \u2260 \u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u53d8\u6210 8 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-008&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3<\/h6>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-009&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>1. \u9996\u5148\u641e\u6e05\u695a&#xff1a;\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u201c32\u4f4d\u201d\u548c\u201c64\u4f4d\u201d&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a CPU \u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u624b\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u53f0\u201d\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>32\u4f4d CPU&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502             32 bit             \u2502<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n64\u4f4d CPU&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502                    64 bit                      \u2502<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 <\/p>\n<p>64 \u4f4d CPU \u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5904\u7406 64 \u4f4d\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u503c\u548c\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u6307\u9488\/\u5730\u5740\u901a\u5e38\u8ddf CPU \u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c ABI \u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int x &#061; 10;<br \/>\nint* p &#061; &amp;x; <\/p>\n<p>p \u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>x \u6240\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5730\u5740 <\/p>\n<p>\u5178\u578b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>32\u4f4d&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u5730\u5740 \u2192 32 bit \u2192 4 Byte<\/p>\n<p>64\u4f4d&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u5730\u5740 \u2192 64 bit \u2192 8 Byte <\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(int*) <\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>32\u4f4d &#061; 4<br \/>\n64\u4f4d &#061; 8 <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-010&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>2. x86 \u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u628a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>x86<br \/>\nx64<br \/>\n32\u4f4d<br \/>\n64\u4f4d<br \/>\nWindows<br \/>\nLinux <\/p>\n<p>\u6df7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-011&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>x86 \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>x86 \u6700\u521d\u6307 Intel 8086 \u7cfb\u5217\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u5957 CPU \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u67b6\u6784&#xff08;ISA&#xff09;\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u770b\u5230&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>8086<br \/>\n80286<br \/>\n80386<br \/>\n80486 <\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b CPU \u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u4ee5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>86 <\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540e\u6765\u5927\u5bb6\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>x86<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>x86 <\/p>\n<p>\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217 32 \u4f4d IA-32 \u67b6\u6784\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u540e\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>x86-64 <\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u53eb&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>x64<br \/>\nAMD64<br \/>\nIntel 64 <\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u662f\u5728 x86 \u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684 64 \u4f4d\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>x86<br \/>\n\u2193<br \/>\n\u7ecf\u5178 32 \u4f4d<\/p>\n<p>x86-64 \/ x64<br \/>\n\u2193<br \/>\n64 \u4f4d <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-012&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>3. \u90a3 Windows \u548c Linux \u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-013&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>Windows<\/h6>\n<p>\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-014&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>Linux<\/h6>\n<p>\u4e5f\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>CPU\u67b6\u6784<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\nx86 \/ x86-64 \/ ARM64<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\nWindows \/ Linux<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\nC&#043;&#043;\u7a0b\u5e8f <\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-015&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>4. \u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h6>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\u4f60\u7684\u7535\u8111\u53ef\u80fd\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>CPU\u67b6\u6784&#xff1a;<br \/>\nx86-64<\/p>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;<br \/>\nWindows 11 64\u4f4d<\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668&#xff1a;<br \/>\nMinGW-w64 GCC<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f <\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>CPU\u67b6\u6784&#xff1a;<br \/>\nx86-64<\/p>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;<br \/>\nLinux 64\u4f4d<\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668&#xff1a;<br \/>\nGCC<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f <\/p>\n<p>CPU \u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f x86-64&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8 C&#043;&#043; \u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5c31\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(long) <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-016&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>5. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 Windows 64 \u4f4d\u7684 long \u8fd8\u662f 4 \u5b57\u8282&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u7406\u89e3 C&#043;&#043; \u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u60f3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>64 \u4f4d \u2192 long \u2192 8 \u5b57\u8282&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Windows 64 \u4f4d\u91c7\u7528\u5e38\u89c1\u7684&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>LLP64 \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p>\u800c Linux 64 \u4f4d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>LP64 \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p>\u770b\u8868&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7c7b\u578bWindows 64 \u4f4d&#xff08;LLP64&#xff09;Linux 64 \u4f4d&#xff08;LP64&#xff09;<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>char<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>short<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>int<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>long<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>long long<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-017&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>Windows&#xff1a;<\/h6>\n<p>long &#061; 4<br \/>\npointer &#061; 8 <\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-018&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>Linux&#xff1a;<\/h6>\n<p>long &#061; 8<br \/>\npointer &#061; 8 <\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u4f60\u4ee5\u540e\u9762\u8bd5\u9047\u5230&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u201c64 \u4f4d Linux \u4e0b long \u662f\u591a\u5c11&#xff1f;\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u662f 8 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u95ee&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u201c64 \u4f4d Windows \u4e0b long \u662f\u591a\u5c11&#xff1f;\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u662f 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-019&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>6. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 C&#043;&#043; \u4e0d\u89c4\u5b9a int \u4e00\u5b9a\u662f4\u5b57\u8282&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043; \u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u89c4\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(char) &lt;&#061; sizeof(short)<br \/>\n                  &lt;&#061; sizeof(int)<br \/>\n                  &lt;&#061; sizeof(long)<br \/>\n                  &lt;&#061; sizeof(long long) <\/p>\n<p>\u5e76\u4e14&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(char) &#061;&#061; 1 <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 1 \u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a C&#043;&#043; byte<\/p>\n<p>\u800c C&#043;&#043; byte \u901a\u5e38\u662f 8 bit&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6807\u51c6\u5c42\u9762\u7531 CHAR_BIT \u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5e94\u7b80\u5355\u628a\u201cbyte\u201d\u548c\u201c8 bit\u201d\u6c38\u8fdc\u753b\u7b49\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u73b0\u4ee3 PC \u4e0a\u901a\u5e38&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>1 Byte &#061; 8 bit <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-020&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>7. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6307\u9488\u662f8\u5b57\u8282&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>0x00007FF612345678 <\/p>\n<p>\u6307\u9488\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>64 \u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 64 \u4f4d\u5bbd\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8868\u793a&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u5178\u578b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int* p;<br \/>\ndouble* q;<br \/>\nchar* r; <\/p>\n<p>\u90fd\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>8 \u5b57\u8282 <\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int*<br \/>\ndouble*<br \/>\nchar* <\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int      4<br \/>\ndouble   8<br \/>\nchar     1 <\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int*      8<br \/>\ndouble*   8<br \/>\nchar*     8 <\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;section-3&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h4>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6808\u5806\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u5e03\u5c40&#xff08;2\/2&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b<\/h5>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u672c\u7bc7\u8303\u56f4&#xff1a;\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9605\u8bfb\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff0c;\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u539f\u7406\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee\u7406\u89e3\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3<\/h6>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-021&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>8. \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u76f8\u52a0&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f C&#043;&#043; \u9762\u8bd5\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u9891\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>struct A {<br \/>\n    char a;<br \/>\n    int b;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u7b97&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>char &#061; 1<br \/>\nint  &#061; 4<\/p>\n<p>1 &#043; 4 &#061; 5 <\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u56de\u7b54&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(A) &#061;&#061; 5 <\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50&#xff08;Memory Alignment&#xff09;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-022&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>9. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe int \u8981\u6c42\u6309\u7167 4 \u5b57\u8282\u8fb9\u754c\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5730\u5740&#xff1a;<br \/>\n1000<br \/>\n1001<br \/>\n1002<br \/>\n1003 <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7ec4\u6bd4\u8f83\u9002\u5408\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a int\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>char a;<br \/>\nint b; <\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u653e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>a       b<br \/>\n\u2193       \u2193<br \/>\n1000    1001 <\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48 b \u4ece1001\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e38\u89c1\u76844\u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u586b\u5145&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<p>1000    char a<br \/>\n1001    padding<br \/>\n1002    padding<br \/>\n1003    padding<br \/>\n1004    int b<br \/>\n1005    int b<br \/>\n1006    int b<br \/>\n1007    int b <\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7ec8&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(A) &#061; 8 <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-023&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>10. \u8c03\u6574\u6210\u5458\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>struct A {<br \/>\n    char a;<br \/>\n    int b;<br \/>\n    char c;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u5178\u578b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>a       1<br \/>\npadding 3<br \/>\nb       4<br \/>\nc       1<br \/>\npadding 3 <\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7ec8&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(A) &#061; 12 <\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>struct B {<br \/>\n    int b;<br \/>\n    char a;<br \/>\n    char c;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>b       4<br \/>\na       1<br \/>\nc       1<br \/>\npadding 2 <\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7ec8&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(B) &#061; 8 <\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5728\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-024&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>11. \u5e38\u89c1\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u8fd8\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-025&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u7a7a\u7c7b<\/h6>\n<p>class A {<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>0\u5b57\u8282 <\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(A) <\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>1 <\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u533a\u5206\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-026&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a int<\/h6>\n<p>struct A {<br \/>\n    int x;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(A) &#061; 4 <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-027&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e24\u4e2a int<\/h6>\n<p>struct A {<br \/>\n    int x;<br \/>\n    int y;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>4 &#043; 4 &#061; 8 <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-028&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u542b\u6307\u9488<\/h6>\n<p>struct A {<br \/>\n    int x;<br \/>\n    int* p;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u5178\u578b 64 \u4f4d\u73af\u5883&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int     4<br \/>\npadding 4<br \/>\npointer 8<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br \/>\n       16 <\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(A) &#061; 16 <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-495&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u8054\u5408\u4f53 union&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u5171\u7528\u5185\u5b58<\/h6>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u610f\u4e49\u662f&#xff1a;\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u590d\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u522b\u9884\u7559\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>union Value {<br \/>\n    int i;<br \/>\n    double d;<br \/>\n    char c;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u5206\u522b\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u5219\u4ece\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5f00\u59cb&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>struct&#xff1a;                         union&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 int i \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510       \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 double d \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524       \u2502 int i \/ double d \/ char c<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 char c \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524       \u2502 \u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58         \u2502<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518       \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4           \u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u793a <\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u901a\u5e38\u81f3\u5c11\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u7eb3\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5458&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u6700\u4e25\u683c\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u8981\u6c42&#xff0c;\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5c3e\u90e8\u586b\u5145&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(Value) &gt;&#061; sizeof(double) <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u673a\u68b0\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u201c\u5927\u5c0f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e25\u683c\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u5927\u6210\u5458\u201d&#xff0c;\u51c6\u786e\u7ed3\u679c\u4ecd\u7531\u6210\u5458\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5bf9\u9f50\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u662f\u201c\u591a\u9009\u4e00\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u6574\u6570\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>enum class ValueType {<br \/>\n    Integer,<br \/>\n    Real,<br \/>\n    Character<br \/>\n};<\/p>\n<p>struct TaggedValue {<br \/>\n    ValueType type; \/\/ \u8bb0\u5f55\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u5f53\u524d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p>    union {<br \/>\n        int i;<br \/>\n        double d;<br \/>\n        char c;<br \/>\n    } data;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba9\u6807\u7b7e\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6210\u5458\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>TaggedValue value{};<br \/>\nvalue.type &#061; ValueType::Integer;<br \/>\nvalue.data.i &#061; 10;<\/p>\n<p>if (value.type &#061;&#061; ValueType::Integer) {<br \/>\n    \/\/ \u6807\u7b7e\u8868\u660e\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6548\u6210\u5458\u662f i<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; value.data.i;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6548\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u6210\u5458&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u6807\u7b7e\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f&#xff1a;\u591a\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff1b;\u5199\u5165\u67d0\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u65f6&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b57\u8282\u88ab\u6309\u7167\u8be5\u6210\u5458\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7f16\u7801&#xff0c;\u4e4b\u540e\u5e94\u6309\u7167\u8bed\u8a00\u89c4\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6548\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u9014\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58&#xff1a;\u5927\u91cf\u5bf9\u8c61\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u79cd\u5019\u9009\u6570\u636e\u65f6&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5019\u9009\u6210\u5458\u7559\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e26\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u6d88\u606f\u7b49\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u201c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u201d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e95\u5c42\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6620\u5c04&#xff1a;\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e73\u53f0\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u5b57\u6bb5\u89c2\u5bdf\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u5b58\u50a8&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u517c\u5bb9\u65e2\u6709 C \u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edfAPI\u4f7f\u7528\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u8868\u8fbe\u591a\u9009\u4e00\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u540c\u4e00\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u6709\u8868\u793a&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u4e0d\u81ea\u5e26\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6807\u7b7e\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u6309\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b\u89e3\u91ca\u540c\u4e00\u4e32\u5b57\u8282&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8bfb\u53d6\u975e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6210\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027&#xff0c;\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u4ec5\u51ed\u201c\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u201d\u5c31\u968f\u610f\u7528\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u534f\u8bae\u62a5\u6587\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u3001\u586b\u5145\u548c\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5047\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e2a\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u5929\u7136\u9002\u5408\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u4f20\u8f93&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043; \u8054\u5408\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5177\u6709\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6210\u5458&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6d3b\u52a8\u6210\u5458\u7684\u6784\u9020\u3001\u5207\u6362\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u66f4\u590d\u6742&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3 C&#043;&#043; \u82e5\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8868\u793a\u201c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u201d&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 std::variant&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>#include &lt;variant&gt;<\/p>\n<p>std::variant&lt;int, double, char&gt; value &#061; 10;<br \/>\nvalue &#061; 3.14; <\/p>\n<p>std::variant\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f53\u524d\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u53d7\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1b;\u88f8 union \u66f4\u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u3001C\u63a5\u53e3\u517c\u5bb9\u6216\u6781\u4f4e\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u533a\u522b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879structunion<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6210\u5458\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\n<td>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u62e5\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n<td>\u6210\u5458\u590d\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u80fd\u5426\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u5b58\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u7684\u503c<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u4ee5<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u80fd\u628a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6548\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e<\/td>\n<td>\u5404\u6210\u5458\u3001\u586b\u5145\u548c\u5bf9\u9f50<\/td>\n<td>\u6700\u5927\u6210\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u9f50\u8981\u6c42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014<\/td>\n<td>\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<td>\u8868\u793a\u591a\u79cd\u5019\u9009\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3001\u590d\u7528\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u8868\u793a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u6211\u90fd\u8981\u201d&#xff0c;\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u8868\u793a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u6211\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9762\u8bd5\u5bb9\u6613\u8ffd\u95ee&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e25\u683c\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u5927\u6210\u5458\u5927\u5c0f&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u914d\u5408\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u6807\u7b7e&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043; \u4e2d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u8bfb\u53d6\u975e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6210\u5458&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u88f8 union \u4e0e std::variant \u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-029&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>12. \u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u600e\u4e48\u7b97&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int a[10]; <\/p>\n<p>\u5178\u578b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>10 \u00d7 4 &#061; 40 Byte <\/p>\n<p>\u800c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>double a[10]; <\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>10 \u00d7 8 &#061; 80 Byte <\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int a[3][4]; <\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>3 \u00d7 4 \u00d7 4<br \/>\n&#061; 48 Byte <\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-030&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>13. std::string\u3001std::vector \u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\/\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b<\/h6>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u5fc5\u987b\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>std::vector&lt;int&gt; v; <\/p>\n<p>vector \u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u7c7b\u4f3c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>begin<br \/>\nend<br \/>\ncapacity_end <\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n<p>64 \u4f4d\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u901a\u5e388\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(vector&lt;int&gt;) \u2248 24 Byte <\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f C&#043;&#043; \u6807\u51c6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-031&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>std::string<\/h6>\n<p>\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>string &#061; XX\u5b57\u8282 <\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>ABI<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e73\u53f0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e14\u73b0\u4ee3 std::string \u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u6709&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>SSO&#xff08;Small String Optimization&#xff0c;\u5c0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f18\u5316&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u5728 string \u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u90e8&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u7533\u8bf7\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>&#034;std::string \u6c38\u8fdc\u536024\u5b57\u8282\u3002&#034;<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;64\u4f4d\u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\/\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u7ec4\u5408&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3a24\u5b57\u8282&#xff1b;\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528SSO\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-032&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>14. sizeof \u624d\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u5b9e\u9645\u5927\u5c0f\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h6>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u60f3\u77e5\u9053&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>char<br \/>\nshort<br \/>\nint<br \/>\nlong<br \/>\nlong long<br \/>\nfloat<br \/>\ndouble<br \/>\nvoid*<br \/>\nsize_t <\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u591a\u5c11&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>#include &lt;iostream&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;cstddef&gt;<\/p>\n<p>int main()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;char:       &#034; &lt;&lt; sizeof(char) &lt;&lt; &#039;\\\\n&#039;;<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;short:      &#034; &lt;&lt; sizeof(short) &lt;&lt; &#039;\\\\n&#039;;<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;int:        &#034; &lt;&lt; sizeof(int) &lt;&lt; &#039;\\\\n&#039;;<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;long:       &#034; &lt;&lt; sizeof(long) &lt;&lt; &#039;\\\\n&#039;;<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;long long:  &#034; &lt;&lt; sizeof(long long) &lt;&lt; &#039;\\\\n&#039;;<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;float:      &#034; &lt;&lt; sizeof(float) &lt;&lt; &#039;\\\\n&#039;;<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;double:     &#034; &lt;&lt; sizeof(double) &lt;&lt; &#039;\\\\n&#039;;<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;void*:      &#034; &lt;&lt; sizeof(void*) &lt;&lt; &#039;\\\\n&#039;;<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;size_t:     &#034; &lt;&lt; sizeof(std::size_t) &lt;&lt; &#039;\\\\n&#039;;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bd4\u6b7b\u8bb0\u67d0\u4e2a\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-494&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>15. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 sizeof(1 &#061;&#061; 1) \u5728 C \u548c C&#043;&#043; \u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c<\/h6>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u5728 sizeof&#xff0c;\u800c\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f 1 &#061;&#061; 1 \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u8bed\u8a001 &#061;&#061; 1 \u7684\u7c7b\u578bsizeof(1 &#061;&#061; 1) \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u4e3b\u6d41\u5e73\u53f0\u5e38\u89c1\u7ed3\u679c<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>C<\/td>\n<td>int<\/td>\n<td>sizeof(int)<\/td>\n<td>4 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C&#043;&#043;<\/td>\n<td>bool<\/td>\n<td>sizeof(bool)<\/td>\n<td>1 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5224\u65ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u6839\u636e\u8bed\u8a00\u89c4\u5219\u786e\u5b9a 1 &#061;&#061; 1 \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b<br \/>\n                    \u2193<br \/>\nC&#xff1a;int           C&#043;&#043;&#xff1a;bool<br \/>\n                    \u2193<br \/>\nsizeof \u53d6\u5f97\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570 <\/p>\n<p>\u5728 C \u4e2d&#xff0c;&#061;&#061;\u3001!&#061;\u3001&lt;\u3001&gt; \u7b49\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u662f int&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u503c\u4e3a 0 \u6216 1&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(1 &#061;&#061; 1) &#061;&#061; sizeof(int) <\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f C \u4ee3\u7801\u5305\u542b &lt;stdbool.h&gt; \u5e76\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 bool&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5173\u7cfb\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u672c\u8eab\u4ea7\u751f int \u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u7c7b\u578b bool&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sizeof(1 &#061;&#061; 1) &#061;&#061; sizeof(bool) <\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u5728 sizeof(int) &#061;&#061; 4\u3001sizeof(bool) &#061;&#061; 1 \u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>C&#xff1a;   4<br \/>\nC&#043;&#043;&#xff1a; 1 <\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;C \u548c C&#043;&#043; \u6807\u51c6\u5e76\u672a\u8981\u6c42 int \u5fc5\u987b\u662f 4 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u7684 bool \u5927\u5c0f\u90fd\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u5730\u5199\u6b7b\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>C \u4e2d\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a sizeof(int)&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043; \u4e2d\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a sizeof(bool)&#xff1b;\u4e3b\u6d41\u5e73\u53f0\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u522b\u662f 4 \u548c 1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 sizeof \u5173\u6ce8\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u771f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6ca1\u6709\u526f\u4f5c\u7528&#xff0c;\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u533a\u522b&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3 sizeof&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int value &#061; 0;<br \/>\nsizeof(value&#043;&#043;); \/\/ \u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u4ee5\u53ca C \u7684\u666e\u901a\u975e\u53d8\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\u60c5\u5f62\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u6267\u884c value&#043;&#043; <\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>C \u7684\u771f\u5047\u7ed3\u679c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u7528 int \u8868\u793a&#xff1b;<br \/>\nC&#043;&#043; \u7684\u771f\u5047\u7ed3\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 bool \u8868\u793a&#xff1b;<br \/>\nsizeof \u91cf\u7684\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-033&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>16. \u6700\u540e\u628a\u51e0\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e32\u8d77\u6765<\/h6>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>                 CPU\u67b6\u6784<br \/>\n                    \u2502<br \/>\n          \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n          \u2502                   \u2502<br \/>\n         x86                 x86-64<br \/>\n       \u5e38\u89c132\u4f4d              \u5e38\u89c164\u4f4d<br \/>\n          \u2502                   \u2502<br \/>\n          \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n                    \u2193<br \/>\n                \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<br \/>\n              \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n              \u2502           \u2502<br \/>\n           Windows      Linux<br \/>\n              \u2502           \u2502<br \/>\n             ABI         ABI<br \/>\n              \u2502           \u2502<br \/>\n              \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n                    \u2193<br \/>\n                 \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668<br \/>\n              GCC \/ MSVC<br \/>\n                    \u2193<br \/>\n                C&#043;&#043;\u7a0b\u5e8f<br \/>\n                    \u2193<br \/>\n            sizeof \/ \u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40 <\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u4ee5\u540e\u770b\u5230&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Windows 64\u4f4d <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u7406\u89e3\u6210&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f \u00d72\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>64\u4f4d CPU\/\u5e73\u53f0<br \/>\n      \u2193<br \/>\n\u6307\u9488\u901a\u5e38 8B<br \/>\n      \u2193<br \/>\n\u4f46 C&#043;&#043; \u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u4ecd\u7531\u5e73\u53f0 ABI \u7b49\u51b3\u5b9a<br \/>\n      \u2193<br \/>\nWindows \u4f7f\u7528 LLP64<br \/>\n      \u2193<br \/>\nlong &#061; 4B <\/p>\n<p>\u800c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Linux 64\u4f4d<br \/>\n      \u2193<br \/>\n\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 LP64<br \/>\n      \u2193<br \/>\nlong &#061; 8B <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>\u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891\u9898<\/h5>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u672c\u7bc7\u8303\u56f4&#xff1a;\u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9605\u8bfb\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff0c;\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u539f\u7406\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee\u7406\u89e3\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-034&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891\u9898&#xff1a;\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u5e94\u8be5\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684<\/h6>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-035&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u2460 64\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b int \u662f\u591a\u5c11&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u901a\u5e384\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-036&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u2461 64\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u6307\u9488\u662f\u591a\u5c11&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u5178\u578b64\u4f4d\u5e73\u53f0\u901a\u5e388\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-037&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u2462 64\u4f4d Windows \u7684 long \u662f\u591a\u5c11&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>4\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-038&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u2463 64\u4f4d Linux \u7684 long \u662f\u591a\u5c11&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u901a\u5e388\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-039&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u2464 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u662f\u6210\u5458\u5927\u5c0f\u7b80\u5355\u76f8\u52a0&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c padding\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-040&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u2465 sizeof(char) \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f1&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a C&#043;&#043; \u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a sizeof(char) &#061;&#061; 1&#xff1b;\u8fd9\u91cc\u76841\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a C&#043;&#043; byte&#xff0c;\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u6d41\u5e73\u53f0\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u4e2a byte \u662f8 bit\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-041&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u2466 x86 \u548c Linux \u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u5417&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>x86 \/ x86-64 \u2192 CPU\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u67b6\u6784<br \/>\nLinux        \u2192 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838<br \/>\nWindows      \u2192 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf <\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-042&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u2467 std::vector \u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a24\u5b57\u8282&#xff1f;<\/h6>\n<p>\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002 \u67d0\u4e9b64\u4f4d\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u4e3a24\u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-043&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u5f62\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h6>\n<p>x86\/x64 \u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f CPU \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u67b6\u6784&#xff0c;Windows\/Linux \u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1b;C&#043;&#043; \u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u6700\u7ec8\u53d7\u5230\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u548c ABI \u7b49\u5e73\u53f0\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5f71\u54cd\u300264 \u4f4d\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u9488\u4ece4\u5b57\u8282\u53d8\u62108\u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u53d8\u62108\u5b57\u8282&#xff1b;\u5176\u4e2d Windows 64\u4f4d\u91c7\u7528 LLP64&#xff0c;Linux 64\u4f4d\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528 LP64&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5 long \u662f\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>C\/C&#043;&#043; \u53d8\u91cf\u672a\u663e\u5f0f\u8d4b\u521d\u503c\u65f6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/h5>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-591&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-592&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u770b\u201c\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5199&#061;\u201d&#xff0c;\u800c\u8981\u770b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u671f<br \/>\n&#043; \u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6307\u9488\u8fd8\u662f\u7c7b\u7c7b\u578b<br \/>\n&#043; \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u503c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fd8\u662f\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316 <\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u8868&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b\u521d\u59cb\u7ed3\u679c<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>int value;<\/td>\n<td>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e3a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>static int value;<\/td>\n<td>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e3a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5168\u5c40\u6216\u9759\u6001\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<td>static int* p;<\/td>\n<td>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<td>int value;<\/td>\n<td>\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u5b89\u5168\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<td>int* p;<\/td>\n<td>\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7<\/td>\n<td>int value{}; int* p{};<\/td>\n<td>\u5206\u522b\u4e3a0\u548c\u7a7a\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d<\/td>\n<td>new int<\/td>\n<td>\u6240\u6307int\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u5b9a\u521d\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5e76\u52a0\u62ec\u53f7<\/td>\n<td>new int()\u6216new int{}<\/td>\n<td>\u6240\u6307int\u4e3a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6570\u7ec4\u90e8\u5206\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<td>int a[5]{1, 2};<\/td>\n<td>\u540e\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<td>Type object;<\/td>\n<td>\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020&#xff1b;\u5404\u6210\u5458\u7531\u6784\u9020\u89c4\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u6700\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int number{};       \/\/ 0<br \/>\ndouble result{};    \/\/ 0.0<br \/>\nint* pointer{};     \/\/ nullptr<br \/>\nMyType object{};    \/\/ \u6309\u7c7b\u578b\u89c4\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u8bb8\u591a\u9057\u6f0f <\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u5c40\u3001\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u548cstatic\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u5148\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1b;\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u6307\u9488\u82e5\u53ea\u5199T x;&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u521d\u503c&#xff1b;\u60f3\u660e\u786e\u5f97\u5230\u96f6\u503c\u6216\u7a7a\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528T x{};\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-593&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u65f6\u4e3a0&#xff0c;\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u503c<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u5148\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h6>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int globalNumber;          \/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<br \/>\nint* globalPointer;        \/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n<p>void function()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    static int localNumber;<br \/>\n    static int* localPointer;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d1\u751f\u524d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u5148\u7ecf\u5386\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6574\u6570\u5f97\u52300&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6b63\u96f6\u503c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6307\u9488\u5f97\u5230\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u503c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u9012\u5f52\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u518d\u6309\u540e\u7eed\u89c4\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6307\u9488\u5f97\u5230\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u662fC&#043;&#043;\u8bed\u8a00\u8bed\u4e49\u4fdd\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5e94\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e00\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f0\u201d&#xff1b;\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u8868\u793a\u7531\u5b9e\u73b0\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u6807\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u96f6<\/h6>\n<p>void function()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    int number;<br \/>\n    int* pointer;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>number\u548cpointer\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u4e14\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eint\u3001double\u3001\u539f\u59cb\u6307\u9488\u7b49\u975e\u7c7b\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66ff\u4f60\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u521d\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u4fd7\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5e38\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u968f\u673a\u503c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5783\u573e\u503c\u201d&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u591f\u4e25\u8c28&#xff1a;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u6807\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a&#xff1b;\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6307\u9488\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>3. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u6e05\u96f6<\/h6>\n<p>C\u548cC&#043;&#043;\u91cd\u89c6\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u4f4e\u5c42\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u7b97\u6cd5\u8d4b\u503c&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u8bed\u8a00\u5f3a\u5236\u5148\u6e05\u96f6&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5199\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u672a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ed8\u51fa\u6210\u672c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6709\u65f6\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u591a\u4f59\u6e05\u96f6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u4ecd\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-594&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e09\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u5b9a\u4e49\u5199\u6cd5<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0e\u8d4b\u503c\u4e0d\u540c<\/h6>\n<p>int a &#061; 10; \/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n<p>int b;      \/\/ b\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u521d\u503c<br \/>\nb &#061; 10;     \/\/ \u5bf9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684b\u8d4b\u503c <\/p>\n<p>\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u628aint a &#061; 10\u53eb\u201c\u8d4b\u521d\u503c\u201d&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4eceC&#043;&#043;\u8bed\u4e49\u770b&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u518d\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u8d4b\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5199\u6cd5<\/h6>\n<p>int a;       \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1a;\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8a\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u521d\u503c<br \/>\nint b &#061; 0;   \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0<br \/>\nint c(0);    \/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0<br \/>\nint d{};     \/\/ \u503c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\/\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6548\u679c&#xff1a;\u5f97\u52300<br \/>\nint e{0};    \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0 <\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u5e38C&#043;&#043;\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u7a7a\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>3. \u6307\u9488\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5199\u6cd5<\/h6>\n<p>int* p1;          \/\/ \u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u6307\u9488\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u521d\u503c<br \/>\nint* p2 &#061; nullptr;<br \/>\nint* p3{};        \/\/ \u5f97\u5230\u7a7a\u6307\u9488 <\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u5e94\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528nullptr\u8868\u8fbe\u7a7a\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f0\u6216NULL&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3anullptr\u5177\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684std::nullptr_t\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u53c2\u4e0e\u91cd\u8f7d\u65f6\u8bed\u4e49\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>4. char\u3001bool\u548c\u679a\u4e3e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e78\u514d<\/h6>\n<p>char ch;<br \/>\nbool ready;<br \/>\nColor color; <\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5047\u5b9a\u5206\u522b\u4e3a&#039;\\\\0&#039;\u3001false\u6216\u679a\u4e3e\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u5bf9int\u4fdd\u6301\u8b66\u60d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-595&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u56db\u3001\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u5458<\/h6>\n<h6>1. Type object;\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8c03\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/h6>\n<p>class Data {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    Data() : number(10) {}<\/p>\n<p>private:<br \/>\n    int number;<br \/>\n};<\/p>\n<p>Data object; \/\/ number\u88ab\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a10 <\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5957\u7528\u201c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u89c4\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1b;\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u662f\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u628a\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\u6210\u5458\u6e05\u96f6<\/h6>\n<p>class Data {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    Data() &#061; default;<\/p>\n<p>private:<br \/>\n    int number; \/\/ Data object; \u65f6&#xff0c;number\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u521d\u503c<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>&#061; default\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u751f\u6210\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u201c\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u8bbe\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u96f6\u503c\u201d\u3002\u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6210\u5458\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>class Data {<br \/>\nprivate:<br \/>\n    int number{};<br \/>\n    bool ready{};<br \/>\n    int* pointer{};<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<h6>3. T object;\u4e0eT object{};\u5bf9\u7c7b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c<\/h6>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u805a\u5408\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u7a7a\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u4f1a\u4f7f\u672a\u663e\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6309\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u96f6\u503c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>struct Point {<br \/>\n    int x;<br \/>\n    int y;<br \/>\n};<\/p>\n<p>Point p1;   \/\/ x\u3001y\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u521d\u503c<br \/>\nPoint p2{}; \/\/ x\u3001y\u4e3a0 <\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7c7b&#xff0c;{}\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u5e94\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u7531\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u53ca\u6210\u5458\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u89c4\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b3c\u7edf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u4f1a\u6e05\u96f6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-596&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e94\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u5bb9\u5668<\/h6>\n<h6>1. new\u662f\u5426\u5e26\u62ec\u53f7\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<\/h6>\n<p>int* p1 &#061; new int;    \/\/ \u6240\u6307int\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u521d\u503c<br \/>\nint* p2 &#061; new int();  \/\/ \u6240\u6307int\u4e3a0<br \/>\nint* p3 &#061; new int{};  \/\/ \u6240\u6307int\u4e3a0 <\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u540c\u7406&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int* a1 &#061; new int[5];   \/\/ \u4e94\u4e2aint\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u521d\u503c<br \/>\nint* a2 &#061; new int[5]{}; \/\/ \u4e94\u4e2aint\u90fd\u4e3a0 <\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u5b8c\u540e\u5206\u522b\u9700\u8981delete\u548cdelete[]\u3002\u5b9e\u9645C&#043;&#043;\u4ee3\u7801\u5e94\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5bb9\u5668\u6216\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u8868\u8fbe\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u6570\u7ec4\u90e8\u5206\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h6>\n<p>int a[5] &#061; {1, 2};<br \/>\nint b[5]{1, 2}; <\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u5b8c\u5168\u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u5168\u90e8\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int values[5]{}; <\/p>\n<h6>3. \u6807\u51c6\u5bb9\u5668<\/h6>\n<p>std::vector&lt;int&gt; a(5);    \/\/ \u521b\u5efa5\u4e2aint\u5143\u7d20&#xff0c;\u5747\u4e3a0<br \/>\nstd::vector&lt;int&gt; b;       \/\/ \u6ca1\u6709\u5143\u7d20&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u4e3a0\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898<br \/>\nb.reserve(5);             \/\/ \u53ea\u9884\u7559\u5bb9\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u5efa5\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 <\/p>\n<p>\u5bb9\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u9645\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002reserve\u53ea\u6539\u53d8\u5bb9\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8size&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7b[0]\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>4. C\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d<\/h6>\n<p>int* a &#061; malloc(5 * sizeof *a); \/\/ \u5206\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316<br \/>\nint* b &#061; calloc(5, sizeof *b);  \/\/ \u628a\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5168\u90e8\u7f6e\u96f6 <\/p>\n<p>calloc\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u96f6&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u5f97\u5230\u6574\u6570\u96f6&#xff1b;\u4f46\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u8bed\u4e49\u770b&#xff0c;\u201c\u5168\u96f6\u4f4d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u4e0d\u5e94\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u673a\u68b0\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u96f6\u503c\u6216\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u3002C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528malloc\/calloc\u4ee3\u66ff\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-597&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u516d\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5\u73b0\u8c61<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u201c\u4ee5\u524d\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u503c\u201d<\/h6>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6808\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u66fe\u88ab\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5c40\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u82e5\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u503c&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u6b8b\u7559\u7684\u4f4d\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u5728&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u770b\u4f3c\u968f\u673a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\u6216\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u201c\u5783\u573e\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u6808\u4e2d\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u201d\u5f53\u6210\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u65f6\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u78b0\u5de7\u4e5f\u662f0<\/h6>\n<p>\u53ef\u80fd\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u78b0\u5de7\u6b8b\u7559\u5168\u96f6\u4f4d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u901a\u5e38\u5148\u88ab\u6e05\u96f6&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u9632\u6cc4\u9732\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8c03\u8bd5\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u6216\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9009\u9879\u4e3b\u52a8\u586b\u5145\u6216\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5185\u5b58&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4f60\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4ee3\u7801\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u5165&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8bfb\u53d6\u53d8\u6210\u5408\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6362\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u7ea7\u522b\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u6b21\u6570&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>3. 0xCC\u30010xCD\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u6570\u503c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h6>\n<p>\u67d0\u4e9b\u8c03\u8bd5\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u4f1a\u7528\u9192\u76ee\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5b57\u8282\u6a21\u5f0f\u586b\u5145\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u5e2e\u52a9\u53d1\u73b0\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8d8a\u754c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7279\u5b9aMSVC\u8c03\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u52300xCC\u30010xCD\u30010xDD\u7b49\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662fC&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u5e93\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u586b\u5145\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-598&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e03\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\u4e0e\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee<\/h6>\n<h6>\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a<\/h6>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u968f\u673a\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u4e25\u8c28&#xff1b;\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u6807\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u5b89\u5168\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u503c&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u663e\u793a\u4e3a0&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5C&#043;&#043;\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u96f6\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u6216\u5185\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5076\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u6240\u6709\u6307\u9488\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u90fd\u662fnullptr\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u539f\u59cb\u6307\u9488\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u540c\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cData() &#061; default\u4f1a\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\u6210\u5458\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u6210\u5458\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cnew int\u548cnew int()\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u524d\u8005\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u786e\u5b9a\u521d\u503c&#xff0c;\u540e\u8005\u5f97\u52300\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u8bfb\u51fa\u5783\u573e\u503c\u53ea\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u201d\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u8bfb\u53d6\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u636e\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h6>\u9762\u8bd5\u5e38\u89c1\u8ffd\u95ee<\/h6>\n<li>\n<p>\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u503c&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>int x;\u548cint x{};\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>new int\u3001new int()\u548cnew int{}\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u503c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8c03\u8bd5\u7248\u4e2d\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-584&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;section-4&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h4>\u5e38\u91cf\u3001static\u3001const\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d&#xff08;1\/4&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>C\/C&#043;&#043; \u5e38\u91cf<\/h5>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-631&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-631-1&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e38\u91cf\u6cdb\u6307\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u503c\u6216\u53d7\u53ea\u8bfb\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1b;\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u3001\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u548cconst\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf&#xff1a;10\u30013.14\u3001&#039;a&#039;\u3001&#034;hello&#034;\u3001true\u3001nullptr&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>const \u5e38\u91cf&#xff1a;\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u540d\u5b57\u4fee\u6539&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>constexpr \u5e38\u91cf&#xff1a;\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u53ef\u6c42\u503c\u7684\u5e38\u91cf&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>consteval&#xff08;C&#043;&#043;20&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5f3a\u5236\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u6c42\u503c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>constinit&#xff08;C&#043;&#043;20&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5f3a\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b8f\u5e38\u91cf&#xff1a;#define MAX 100&#xff0c;\u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\u66ff\u6362&#xff0c;\u65e0\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u65e0\u4f5c\u7528\u57df&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u679a\u4e3e\u5e38\u91cf&#xff1a;enum Color { RED, GREEN, BLUE }; \u4e2d RED \u7b49\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u3001case \u6807\u7b7e\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-631-2&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u503c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int    a &#061; 100;        \/\/ \u6574\u578b\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf<br \/>\nfloat  b &#061; 3.14f;      \/\/ \u6d6e\u70b9\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf<br \/>\ndouble c &#061; 3.14;       \/\/ \u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf<br \/>\nchar   d &#061; &#039;A&#039;;        \/\/ \u5b57\u7b26\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf<br \/>\nconst char* e &#061; &#034;hello&#034;;  \/\/ \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf<br \/>\nbool   f &#061; true;       \/\/ \u5e03\u5c14\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf<br \/>\nint*   p &#061; nullptr;    \/\/ \u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf &#034;hello&#034; \u7c7b\u578b\u662f const char[6]&#xff0c;\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u540e\u662f const char*&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5171\u7528\u5b58\u50a8&#xff0c;\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-631-3&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e09\u3001const \u5e38\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>const int MAX &#061; 100;<br \/>\nMAX &#061; 200;  \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef <\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8868\u793a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u540d\u5b57\u4fee\u6539&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>const \u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u9970\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7b49&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u666e\u901a const \u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u6c42\u503c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5168\u5c40 const \u5bf9\u8c61\u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5177\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5&#xff08;\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>const int size &#061; 10;<br \/>\nint arr[size];  \/\/ \u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a size \u662f\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>extern int n;<br \/>\nconst int m &#061; n;  \/\/ m \u662f const&#xff0c;\u4f46 n \u7684\u503c\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u672a\u77e5&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5 m \u4e0d\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf<br \/>\nint arr2[m];      \/\/ \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;m \u4e0d\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf <\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-631-4&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u56db\u3001constexpr \u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>constexpr int MAX &#061; 100;<br \/>\nconstexpr int SQUARE(int x) { return x * x; }<br \/>\nconstexpr int area &#061; SQUARE(10);  \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u6c42\u503c<\/p>\n<p>int n &#061; 10;<br \/>\nconstexpr int bad &#061; SQUARE(n);  \/\/ \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;n \u4e0d\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f <\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>constexpr \u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>constexpr \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f46\u7528\u4e8e\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u6c42\u503c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;11 \u8d77\u53ef\u7528&#xff0c;\u540e\u7eed\u6807\u51c6\u9010\u6b65\u653e\u5bbd constexpr \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9650\u5236&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>constexpr\u5bf9\u8c61\u59cb\u7ec8\u662fconst\u7684&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1b;C&#043;&#043;17\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u662fconstexpr\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u7b49\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684const\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-631-5&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e94\u3001consteval \u4e0e constinit&#xff08;C&#043;&#043;20&#xff09;<\/h6>\n<h6>1. consteval<\/h6>\n<p>consteval int add(int a, int b) {<br \/>\n    return a &#043; b;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>constexpr int x &#061; add(1, 2);  \/\/ OK&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u6c42\u503c<br \/>\nint y &#061; 10;<br \/>\nadd(y, 20);  \/\/ \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;consteval \u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u8c03\u7528 <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>consteval \u5f3a\u5236\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u8c03\u7528&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e0e constexpr \u7684\u533a\u522b&#xff1a;constexpr \u51fd\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;consteval \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>2. constinit<\/h6>\n<p>constinit int global &#061; 42;  \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n<p>int f() { return 10; }<br \/>\nconstinit int bad &#061; f();  \/\/ \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;f() \u4e0d\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>constinit int x &#061; 10;<br \/>\nx &#061; 20;  \/\/ \u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539&#xff01;constinit \u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>constinit \u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e0e const \u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;constinit \u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u88ab\u4fee\u6539&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>constinit\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u7684\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u9759\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898&#xff08;static initialization order fiasco&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-631-6&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u516d\u3001\u5b8f\u5e38\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>#define PI 3.14159<br \/>\n#define MAX_SIZE 100<\/p>\n<p>int arr[MAX_SIZE];  \/\/ \u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a int arr[100] <\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\u66ff\u6362&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\u57df&#xff0c;\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u5230\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u76f4\u5230 #undef&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b8f\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u662f\u9884\u5904\u7406\u66ff\u6362&#xff1b;\u5c55\u5f00\u540e\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5360\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u5b8f\u5e38\u91cf\u4e00\u5b9a\u201c\u4e0d\u5360\u5185\u5b58\u201d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e38\u91cf\u6298\u53e0&#xff0c;\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e const \u76f8\u4f3c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7b26\u53f7\u540d&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u66ff\u6362\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3 C&#043;&#043; \u63a8\u8350&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f18\u5148\u7528 const\u3001constexpr \u6216 enum \u66ff\u4ee3\u5b8f\u5e38\u91cf&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u4ecd\u7528 #ifdef\u3001#if \u7b49\u5b8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-631-7&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e03\u3001enum \u4e0e\u679a\u4e3e\u5e38\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>enum Color { RED, GREEN, BLUE };  \/\/ RED&#061;0, GREEN&#061;1, BLUE&#061;2<br \/>\nenum Status { OK &#061; 200, NOT_FOUND &#061; 404, ERROR &#061; 500 };<\/p>\n<p>int arr[RED];  \/\/ \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;RED &#061; 0&#xff0c;\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a 0<br \/>\nint arr2[GREEN];  \/\/ OK<\/p>\n<p>Color c &#061; RED;  \/\/ OK <\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>enum \u679a\u4e3e\u503c\u662f\u6574\u578b\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf enum \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6c61\u67d3\u5916\u5c42\u4f5c\u7528\u57df&#xff08;\u4e0d\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u5185&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;11 \u8d77\u63a8\u8350 enum class&#xff0c;\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u66f4\u5f3a&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>enum class Color { RED, GREEN, BLUE };<br \/>\nColor c &#061; Color::RED;  \/\/ \u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u9650\u5b9a <\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-631-8&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u516b\u3001\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f &#061; \u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6c42\u503c\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>constexpr int a &#061; 10;<br \/>\nconstexpr int b &#061; a &#043; 5;     \/\/ \u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<br \/>\nint arr[a &#043; b];                \/\/ OK&#xff0c;\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>int n &#061; 10;<br \/>\nint m &#061; n &#043; 5;  \/\/ \u4e0d\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f <\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f&#xff08;\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u7ec4&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6a21\u677f\u975e\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>case \u6807\u7b7e&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f4d\u57df\u5bbd\u5ea6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>constexpr \u53d8\u91cf\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5206\u652f&#xff08;if constexpr&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-631-9&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e5d\u3001\u56db\u79cd\u5e38\u91cf\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h6>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>const<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<td>\u53ea\u8bfb\u8bed\u4e49&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>constexpr<\/td>\n<td>\u5fc5\u987b<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<td>\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf&#xff0c;\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>consteval<\/td>\n<td>\u5fc5\u987b<\/td>\n<td>\u51fd\u6570\u672c\u8eab<\/td>\n<td>\u5f3a\u5236\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u8c03\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>constinit<\/td>\n<td>\u5fc5\u987b<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<td>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u9759\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u5bf9\u6bd4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>const int a &#061; 10;       \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u53ef\u6c42\u503c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b<br \/>\nconst int b &#061; get();    \/\/ OK&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n<p>constexpr int c &#061; 10;   \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf<br \/>\n\/\/ constexpr int d &#061; get();  \/\/ \u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n<p>constinit int e &#061; 10;   \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u521d\u59cb\u5316<br \/>\n\/\/ constinit int f &#061; get();  \/\/ \u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n<p>e &#061; 20;                 \/\/ OK&#xff01;constinit \u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539 <\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-631-10&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u5341\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\u4e0e\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee<\/h6>\n<h6>\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a<\/h6>\n<li>\n<p>const \u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\u3002const \u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>constexpr \u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\u3002constexpr \u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u8c03\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>constinit \u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\u3002constinit \u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u4ecd\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>#define \u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5b8f\u662f\u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\u66ff\u6362&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>enum \u548c enum class \u6ca1\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\u3002enum class \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u9650\u5b9a\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<h6>\u9762\u8bd5\u5e38\u89c1\u8ffd\u95ee<\/h6>\n<li>\n<p>const \u548c constexpr \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>const \u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>constexpr \u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf&#xff0c;\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>constexpr \u548c consteval \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>constexpr \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u8c03\u7528&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>consteval \u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>constinit \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u9759\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e0e const \u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e0d\u7981\u6b62\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b8f\u5e38\u91cf\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f3a\u70b9&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u65e0\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u65e0\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3001\u65e0\u8c03\u8bd5\u7b26\u53f7\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u66ff\u6362\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>const int \u53d8\u91cf\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u5417&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5&#xff1b;\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>enum class \u548c enum \u7684\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>enum class \u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u9650\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6574\u578b&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf enum \u4f1a\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6574\u578b&#xff0c;\u503c\u4f1a\u6c61\u67d3\u5916\u5c42\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u3001case \u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u4f4d\u57df\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3001constexpr \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043; \u4e2d\u63a8\u8350\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u66ff\u4ee3 #define \u5e38\u91cf&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>constexpr \u6216 const \u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u6216 enum class\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>static\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7528\u6cd5<\/h5>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-585&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<h6>1. static\u603b\u8868<\/h6>\n<table>\n<tr>\u51fa\u73b0\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>\u8de8\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u4fdd\u7559\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<td>\u81ea\u52a8\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u53d8\u4e3a\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>\u4ec5\u5f53\u524d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u540d\u5b57\u5f15\u7528<\/td>\n<td>\u5177\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u4ec5\u5f53\u524d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u540d\u5b57\u5f15\u7528<\/td>\n<td>\u51fd\u6570\u5177\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n<td>\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u7531\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab<\/td>\n<td>\u6210\u5458\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5165\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6210\u5458\u5e03\u5c40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u9700\u5bf9\u8c61\u5373\u53ef\u8c03\u7528<\/td>\n<td>\u6ca1\u6709\u9690\u5f0fthis\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u53ea\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5c40\u90e8static\u4e3b\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff1b;\u5168\u5c40static\u4e3b\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u94fe\u63a5\u5c5e\u6027&#xff1b;\u7c7b\u5185static\u4e3b\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u6210\u5458\u5f52\u5c5e\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. const\u603b\u8868<\/h6>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5199\u6cd5\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>const int value<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7value\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>const int* p<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7p\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;p\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u6307\u5411<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>int* const p<\/td>\n<td>p\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u6307\u5411&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7p\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>const int* const p<\/td>\n<td>\u6307\u5411\u548c\u6240\u6307\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7p\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>const int&amp; ref<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u5f15\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u53ef\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e34\u65f6\u91cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>void f(const T&amp; value)<\/td>\n<td>\u53ea\u8bfb\u501f\u7528\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u590d\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T get() const<\/td>\n<td>\u672b\u5c3econst\u9650\u5b9a\u9690\u5f0fthis&#xff0c;\u627f\u8bfa\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u666e\u901a\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>const T get()<\/td>\n<td>\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9876\u5c42const\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u4ef7\u503c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u9760\u5b83\u91cd\u8f7d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>const\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9650\u5b9a\u5b83\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1b;\u5de6\u8fb9\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\u9650\u5b9a\u53f3\u8fb9\u3002\u8bfb\u6307\u9488\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u4ece\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u5411\u5916\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>3. \u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b<\/h6>\n<p>static&#xff1a;\u4e3b\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e45\u3001\u540d\u5b57\u80fd\u5426\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u6210\u5458\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8c01\u201d\u3002<br \/>\nconst&#xff1a;\u4e3b\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u80fd\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6216\u63a5\u53e3\u4fee\u6539\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>static\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u503c\u4e0d\u53d8&#xff0c;const\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u53ea\u8bfb\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-586&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001static\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>int nextId()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    static int id &#061; 0;<br \/>\n    return &#043;&#043;id;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>id\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53ea\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u53ef\u89c1&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d2f\u7a7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8fd4\u56de1&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7ecf\u8fc7\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1b;C&#043;&#043;11\u8d77&#xff0c;\u9996\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531\u8bed\u8a00\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u4f46\u540e\u7eed\u7684&#043;&#043;id\u5e76\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u9759\u6001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>\/\/ file1.cpp<br \/>\nstatic int fileValue &#061; 10; <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684static\u4f7f\u53d8\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5&#xff1a;\u5176\u4ed6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528extern\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u5b83\u548c\u666e\u901a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u3001\u90fd\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21&#xff1b;\u533a\u522b\u4e0d\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>3. \u9759\u6001\u51fd\u6570<\/h6>\n<p>\/\/ file1.c\u6216file1.cpp<br \/>\nstatic void helper()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u51fd\u6570\u524d\u7684static\u540c\u6837\u8868\u793a\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5&#xff0c;\u9002\u5408\u4e0d\u60f3\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u53ea\u4f9b\u5f53\u524d\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e5f\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u533f\u540d\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>namespace {<br \/>\nvoid helper()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n}<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<h6>4. \u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458<\/h6>\n<p>class Counter {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    static int count;<br \/>\n};<\/p>\n<p>int Counter::count &#061; 0; <\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709Counter\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2acount\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5165\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684sizeof\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u5199\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u6b21\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1b;C&#043;&#043;17\u8d77\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u8054\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>class Counter {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    inline static int count &#061; 0;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u662f\u5426\u9759\u6001\u65e0\u5173&#xff0c;\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fprivate\u3001protected\u6216public\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>5. \u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/h6>\n<p>class Counter {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    static int getCount()<br \/>\n    {<br \/>\n        return count;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>private:<br \/>\n    inline static int count &#061; 0;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210Counter::getCount()&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u9690\u5f0fthis\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u666e\u901a\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8f7d\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684const\u3001volatile\u6216\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>const\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7528\u6cd5<\/h5>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u672c\u7bc7\u8303\u56f4&#xff1a;const\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9605\u8bfb\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff0c;\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u539f\u7406\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee\u7406\u89e3\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-587&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e09\u3001const\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u4fee\u9970\u666e\u901a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h6>\n<p>const int a &#061; 10;<br \/>\nint const b &#061; 20; <\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7a\u6216b\u8d4b\u503c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<p>const\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\u7ea6\u675f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u5b9a\u653e\u5728\u53ea\u8bfb\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u5e38\u91cf\u6298\u53e0\u8fdb\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u5b83\u5206\u914d\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u4fee\u9970\u6307\u9488<\/h6>\n<p>const int* p1 &#061; &amp;value;       \/\/ \u5e95\u5c42const&#xff1a;\u6240\u6307\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u8bfb<br \/>\nint* const p2 &#061; &amp;value;       \/\/ \u9876\u5c42const&#xff1a;\u6307\u9488\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u6307\u5411<br \/>\nconst int* const p3 &#061; &amp;value; \/\/ \u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u6709 <\/p>\n<p>\u8bb0\u5fc6\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ece\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u5411\u5916\u8bfb&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>p1\u662f\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411const int\u3002<br \/>\np2\u662fconst\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411int\u3002<br \/>\np3\u662fconst\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411const int\u3002 <\/p>\n<h6>3. \u4fee\u9970\u5f15\u7528<\/h6>\n<p>const int&amp; ref &#061; value;<br \/>\nconst int&amp; temporary &#061; 1 &#043; 2; <\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u65e6\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u7ed1&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684int&amp; const\u5199\u6cd5\u3002const\u5f15\u7528\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u5f15\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e34\u65f6\u91cf\u3001\u5ef6\u957f\u76f8\u5e94\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>4. \u4fee\u9970\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570<\/h6>\n<p>void read(const std::string&amp; text); \/\/ \u907f\u514d\u590d\u5236&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7981\u6b62\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u8fc7text\u4fee\u6539\u5bf9\u8c61<br \/>\nvoid inspect(const int* data);      \/\/ \u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7data\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u6307int<br \/>\nvoid reset(int* const data);        \/\/ \u53ea\u80fd\u7ea6\u675f\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u5185\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u53c2\u526f\u672c\u4e0d\u6539\u6307\u5411 <\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f62\u53c2\u7684\u9876\u5c42const\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u8f7d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>void function(int value);<br \/>\nvoid function(const int value); \/\/ \u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e <\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u628a\u503c\u590d\u5236\u7ed9\u5f62\u53c2&#xff0c;\u5f62\u53c2\u526f\u672c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u8bfb&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>5. \u4fee\u9970\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/h6>\n<p>const Data&amp; getData() const; \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u53ea\u8bfb\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u590d\u5236<br \/>\nconst Data* findData();      \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5411const Data\u7684\u6307\u9488<br \/>\nconst int getNumber();       \/\/ \u6309\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9876\u5c42const\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981 <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u5f15\u7528\u6216\u6307\u9488\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5e95\u5c42const\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u4fee\u6539\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6309\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u9876\u5c42const\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u4ef7\u503c&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u59a8\u788d\u79fb\u52a8\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>6. const\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/h6>\n<p>class Data {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    int&amp; get() { return value_; }<br \/>\n    const int&amp; get() const { return value_; }<\/p>\n<p>private:<br \/>\n    int value_{};<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u672b\u5c3econst\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u628a\u9690\u5f0fthis\u4eceData* const\u53d8\u4e3aconst Data* const\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u666e\u901a\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u672c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u975econst\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2aget\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8f7d&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570cv\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u666e\u901a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f18\u5148\u8c03\u7528\u975econst\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;const\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ea\u80fd\u8c03\u7528const\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>7. mutable\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u5e38\u91cf\u6027<\/h6>\n<p>class Data {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    int value() const<br \/>\n    {<br \/>\n        &#043;&#043;accessCount_;<br \/>\n        return value_;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>private:<br \/>\n    int value_{};<br \/>\n    mutable int accessCount_{};<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>mutable\u5141\u8bb8\u67d0\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u5728const\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u8fbe\u201c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5bf9\u5916\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u72b6\u6001\u6ca1\u53d8\u201d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u968f\u610f\u7ed5\u8fc7const\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>8. const\u4e0econstexpr<\/h6>\n<p>const int a &#061; runtimeValue(); \/\/ \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53ea\u8bfb&#xff0c;\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf<br \/>\nconstexpr int b &#061; 10;         \/\/ \u8981\u6c42\u53ef\u5728\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662fconst <\/p>\n<p>const\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u793a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u540d\u5b57\u4fee\u6539&#xff1b;constexpr\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8981\u6c42\u5177\u5907\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf\u8bed\u4e49\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709const\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>9. const\u5e38\u91cf\u4e0e\u5b8f\u5e38\u91cf&#xff1a;\u662f\u5426\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387<\/h6>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cconst\u5e38\u91cf\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5b8f\u5e38\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u201d\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u4f18\u52bf&#xff0c;\u4f46\u201c\u5fc5\u7136\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e25\u8c28\u3002<\/p>\n<p>#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024<br \/>\nconst int bufferSize &#061; 1024;<br \/>\nconstexpr int maxSize &#061; 1024; <\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879\u5b8f\u5e38\u91cfconst\/constexpr\u5e38\u91cf<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5<\/td>\n<td>\u9884\u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u8bb0\u53f7\u66ff\u6362<\/td>\n<td>\u8fdb\u5165C&#043;&#043;\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8f\u81ea\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709C&#043;&#043;\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<td>\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9075\u5b88\u666e\u901a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5757\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u89c4\u5219<\/td>\n<td>\u9075\u5b88\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8c03\u8bd5<\/td>\n<td>\u66ff\u6362\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u96be\u4ee5\u50cf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u6837\u89c2\u5bdf<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8f\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5b8f\u81ea\u8eab\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<td>\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u5e38\u91cf\u5bf9\u8c61\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8f\u672c\u8eab\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\n<td>\u5e38\u91cf\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u7528\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4f18\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u66ff\u6362\u540e\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u88ab\u4f18\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e5f\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u5e38\u91cf\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u6d88\u9664\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h6>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4const\u4e00\u5b9a\u66f4\u7701\u5185\u5b58<\/h6>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f0f\u5b8f\u53ea\u505a\u66ff\u6362&#xff0c;\u672c\u8eab\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int data[BUFFER_SIZE]; <\/p>\n<p>\u9884\u5904\u7406\u540e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6210\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int data[1024]; <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aBUFFER_SIZE\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\u9700\u8981\u5360\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u76f8\u53cd&#xff0c;const int bufferSize\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u3001\u8de8\u8fb9\u754c\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5757\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>const int bufferSize &#061; 1024;<br \/>\nconst int* address &#061; &amp;bufferSize; \/\/ \u9700\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61 <\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5e38\u91cf\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u503c\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u771f\u7684\u4e3a\u5b83\u4fdd\u7559\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u5426\u5360\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u51edconst\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>const\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u95f4\u63a5\u907f\u514d\u6d6a\u8d39<\/h6>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528const\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u5927\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6309\u503c\u590d\u5236&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>void process(const std::string&amp; text); <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u8282\u7701\u590d\u5236\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012&#xff0c;const\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u5f15\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u6269\u5927\u6210\u201c\u6240\u6709const\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u66f4\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>const\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5411\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e38\u91cf\u4f20\u64ad\u7b49\u4f18\u5316&#xff1b;\u4f46\u5b8f\u66ff\u6362\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4f18\u5316&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e14\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709const\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u5206\u6790\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u5fc5\u7136\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u201d\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb&#xff0c;\u5e94\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u6210\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h6>\n<p>\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528const\u6216constexpr\u4ee3\u66ff\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f0f\u5b8f&#xff0c;<br \/>\n\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027&#xff0c;<br \/>\n\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u66f4\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf&#xff0c;\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651constexpr&#xff1b;\u82e5\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u5219\u4f7f\u7528const\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>ACM\u4e2d\u7528#define\u3001const\u6216constexpr\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u6807\u51c6C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u901a\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6574\u578b\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>#define MAX_N 100005<br \/>\nconst int MaxSize &#061; 100005;<br \/>\nconstexpr int Capacity &#061; 100005;<\/p>\n<p>int first[MAX_N];   \/\/ \u5408\u6cd5<br \/>\nint second[MaxSize]; \/\/ \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5408\u6cd5&#xff1a;MaxSize\u7531\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316<br \/>\nint third[Capacity]; \/\/ \u5408\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5199\u6cd5 <\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u56e0\u5206\u522b\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>#define MAX_N 100005<br \/>\n\u2192 \u9884\u5904\u7406\u540e&#xff0c;int a[MAX_N]\u8fd1\u4f3c\u53d8\u6210int a[100005]<\/p>\n<p>const int MaxSize &#061; 100005<br \/>\n\u2192 MaxSize\u662f\u6574\u578bconst\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7531\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>constexpr int Capacity &#061; 100005<br \/>\n\u2192 \u660e\u786e\u8981\u6c42Capacity\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf&#xff0c;\u610f\u56fe\u6700\u6e05\u695a <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709const\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6C&#043;&#043;\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int input;<br \/>\nstd::cin &gt;&gt; input;<\/p>\n<p>const int size &#061; input; \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u4f46\u503c\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u624d\u77e5\u9053<br \/>\n\/\/ int values[size];    \/\/ \u6807\u51c6C&#043;&#043;\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8&#xff1a;size\u4e0d\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u5206\u6e05\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>const     \u2192 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5df2\u77e5<br \/>\nconstexpr \u2192 \u8981\u6c42\u5177\u6709\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf\u8bed\u4e49 <\/p>\n<p>\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u7528GNU\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int size;<br \/>\nstd::cin &gt;&gt; size;<br \/>\nint values[size]; \/\/ \u53d8\u957f\u6570\u7ec4VLA&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6C&#043;&#043;&#xff0c;\u6362\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6216\u8bc4\u6d4b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u8d25 <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6269\u5c55&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u628a\u201c\u672c\u673a\u80fd\u7f16\u8bd1\u201d\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6807\u51c6C&#043;&#043;\u8bed\u6cd5\u201d\u3002C99\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684VLA&#xff0c;\u4f46C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u666e\u901a\u6808\u6570\u7ec4\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ACM\u4e2d\u66f4\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u6837\u9009\u62e9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>constexpr int MaxN &#061; 100000 &#043; 5;<br \/>\nint values[MaxN]; \/\/ \u4e0a\u9650\u56fa\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u6570\u7ec4 <\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u6570\u636e\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u5bb9\u5668&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int size;<br \/>\nstd::cin &gt;&gt; size;<\/p>\n<p>std::vector&lt;int&gt; values(size); <\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u573a\u666f\u63a8\u8350\u5199\u6cd5<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9898\u76ee\u7ed9\u51fa\u56fa\u5b9a\u6700\u5927\u89c4\u6a21<\/td>\n<td>constexpr int MaxN &#061; &#8230;;\u914d\u5408\u5168\u5c40\u6570\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ef4\u62a4\u65e7\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u7ade\u8d5b\u6a21\u677f<\/td>\n<td>const int MaxN &#061; &#8230;;\u4e5f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9700\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1\u6216\u9884\u5904\u7406\u8bb0\u53f7<\/td>\n<td>\u624d\u8003\u8651#define<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5927\u5c0f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8bfb\u5165<\/td>\n<td>std::vector&lt;T&gt;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5927\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u6216\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u5c40\u90e8\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6808&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>constexpr int MaxN &#061; 1&#039;000&#039;000;<br \/>\nint values[MaxN]; \/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f <\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5168\u5c40\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u6570\u7ec4\u548cvector\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u5f71\u54cd\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6210\u672c\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5168\u5c40\u6570\u7ec4\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9898\u76ee\u4e2d\u90fd\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>10. const\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u521d\u503c<\/h6>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5e38\u89c1\u8bf4\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u62c6\u5f00\u7406\u89e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>const\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5468\u671f\u5185\u662f\u5e38\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7c7b\u800c\u8a00\u5374\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u7684const\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316const\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u5efa&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u60f3\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u610f\u601d\u57fa\u672c\u6b63\u786e&#xff0c;\u4f46\u63aa\u8f9e\u4e0d\u591f\u51c6\u786e&#xff1b;\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>1. const\u9650\u5236\u7684\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4efd\u6210\u5458<\/h6>\n<p>\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4efd\u8be5\u6210\u5458&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>class Student {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    Student(int number) : id(number) {}<\/p>\n<p>    const int id;<br \/>\n};<\/p>\n<p>Student first(1001);<br \/>\nStudent second(1002); <\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>first\u5bf9\u8c61  \u2500\u2500 \u5305\u542b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684id&#xff0c;\u503c\u4e3a1001&#xff0c;\u6784\u9020\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539<br \/>\nsecond\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2500\u2500 \u5305\u542b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684id&#xff0c;\u503c\u4e3a1002&#xff0c;\u6784\u9020\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539 <\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8efirst&#xff0c;first.id\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a1001\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u8d4b\u503c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8esecond&#xff0c;second.id\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a1002\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u8d4b\u503c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>const\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709Student\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684id\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684const\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u503c\u201d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u7684const\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u540c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7c7b\u800c\u8a00\u53ef\u53d8\u201d\u5bb9\u6613\u4f7f\u4eba\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u4ee5\u540e\u8fd8\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u542b\u4e49\u53ea\u662f&#xff1a;\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u521d\u503c&#xff1b;\u4e00\u65e6\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e00\u4efd\u6210\u5458\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u666e\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f20\u7edf\u5199\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868<\/h6>\n<p>const\u6210\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u5148\u9ed8\u8ba4\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c&#xff0c;\u518d\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\u8d4b\u503c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>class Student {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    Student(int number) : id(number) {} \/\/ \u6b63\u786e&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u5165\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u524d\u521d\u59cb\u5316id<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ Student(int number)<br \/>\n    \/\/ {<br \/>\n    \/\/     id &#061; number;                 \/\/ \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u8d4b\u503c&#xff0c;id\u65e9\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165const\u72b6\u6001<br \/>\n    \/\/ }<\/p>\n<p>private:<br \/>\n    const int id;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5927\u81f4\u987a\u5e8f\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d6\u5f97\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4<br \/>\n\u2192 \u6309\u6210\u5458\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u987a\u5e8f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u6210\u5458<br \/>\n\u2192 \u6267\u884c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f53 <\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6210\u5458\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9636\u6bb5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed3\u675f\u3002const\u6210\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6210\u5458\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9636\u6bb5\u83b7\u5f97\u503c&#xff0c;\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u6b63\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u503c\u201d&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u6784\u9020\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f20\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u503c&#xff0c;\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u672c\u6b21\u6784\u9020\u6240\u6536\u5230\u7684\u503c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u672c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684const\u6210\u5458&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int number;<br \/>\nstd::cin &gt;&gt; number;<br \/>\nStudent student(number); \/\/ id\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8f93\u5165\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316 <\/p>\n<p>const\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u4e0d\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u666e\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u521d\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>3. C&#043;&#043;11\u4ee5\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/h6>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3a\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u5185\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6210\u5458\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668&#xff0c;const\u6210\u5458\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>class Student {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    Student() &#061; default;                    \/\/ id\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u5185\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c0<br \/>\n    Student(int number) : id(number) {}     \/\/ \u672c\u6b21\u6784\u9020\u7528number\u8986\u76d6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n<p>private:<br \/>\n    const int id &#061; 0;                       \/\/ C&#043;&#043;11\u8d77\u5408\u6cd5<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\u5185\u7684&#061; 0\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684Student\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u7ed9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u6765\u6784\u9020\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u521d\u59cb\u5316id&#xff0c;\u5c31\u75280\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u81ea\u5df1\u7684id\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u201c\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u5efa&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u7c7b\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a8\u7406\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u540e\u5982\u4f55\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u58f0\u660e\u7c7b\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6559\u6750\u9488\u5bf9C&#043;&#043;98\u7b49\u65e7\u6807\u51c6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u8bf4\u201c\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8bed\u6cd5\u9650\u5236&#xff1b;\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u5e94\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0C&#043;&#043;11\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>4. \u4e0e\u9759\u6001const\u6210\u5458\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h6>\n<p>class Example {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    const int objectValue;          \/\/ \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u4efd&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u521d\u503c<br \/>\n    inline static const int sharedValue &#061; 10; \/\/ C&#043;&#043;17&#xff1a;\u6574\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4efd<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u6210\u5458\u6709\u51e0\u4efd\u503c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u5f02<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u975e\u9759\u6001const\u6210\u5458objectValue<\/td>\n<td>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u4efd<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u5206\u522b\u5728\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9759\u6001const\u6210\u5458sharedValue<\/td>\n<td>\u6574\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4efd<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u56e0\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u5f02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff1a;\u975e\u9759\u6001const\u6210\u5458\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u4efd\u3001\u5404\u81ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u4e0d\u53d8\u201d&#xff1b;\u9759\u6001const\u6210\u5458\u662f\u201c\u5168\u7c7b\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4efd\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>static\u4e0econst\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u9898<\/h5>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u672c\u7bc7\u8303\u56f4&#xff1a;static\u4e0econst\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9605\u8bfb\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff0c;\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u539f\u7406\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee\u7406\u89e3\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-588&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u56db\u3001static\u4e0econst\u7ec4\u5408<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u5e38\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>const std::string&amp; applicationName()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    static const std::string name &#061; &#034;Interview Notes&#034;;<br \/>\n    return name;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>static\u4f7f\u5bf9\u8c61\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u800c\u60ac\u7a7a&#xff1b;const\u963b\u6b62\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd4\u56de\u7684const\u5f15\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u9759\u6001\u5e38\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458<\/h6>\n<p>class Buffer {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    inline static const std::size_t maxSize &#061; 4096;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4efd&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u3002C&#043;&#043;17\u7684inline static\u5141\u8bb8\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u503c\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf&#xff0c;\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>class Buffer {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    static constexpr std::size_t maxSize &#061; 4096;<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<h6>3. \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684const<\/h6>\n<p>const int limit &#061; 100; <\/p>\n<p>\u5728C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u975eextern\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u975evolatile const\u53d8\u91cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u518d\u5199static const\u5f80\u5f80\u8bed\u4e49\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u82e5\u786e\u5b9e\u8981\u8ba9\u591a\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u58f0\u660eextern const\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff0c;\u6216\u5728C&#043;&#043;17\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684inline constexpr\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>C\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u89c4\u5219\u548cC&#043;&#043;\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u673a\u68b0\u5957\u5230C\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>4. static\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0const<\/h6>\n<p>class Example {<br \/>\npublic:<br \/>\n    static void function() const; \/\/ \u9519\u8bef<br \/>\n}; <\/p>\n<p>\u672b\u5c3econst\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u9690\u5f0fthis\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u800c\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u6ca1\u6709this&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-589&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e94\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u672c\u8d28\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a<\/h6>\n<h6>1. \u4e09\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u8981\u6df7\u6dc6<\/h6>\n<table>\n<tr>\u6982\u5ff5\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/td>\n<td>\u5728\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b58\u50a8\u671f<\/td>\n<td>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u94fe\u63a5\u5c5e\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u540c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u540d\u58f0\u660e\u662f\u5426\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u5b9e\u4f53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5c40\u90e8static\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4ecd\u7136\u53ea\u6709\u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff1b;\u5168\u5c40static\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u662f\u94fe\u63a5\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>2. const\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6539\u53d8\u5e95\u5c42\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h6>\n<p>int value &#061; 10;<br \/>\nconst int&amp; ref &#061; value;<\/p>\n<p>value &#061; 20; \/\/ \u5408\u6cd5<br \/>\n\/\/ ref &#061; 20; \/\/ \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7ref\u4fee\u6539 <\/p>\n<p>\u5e95\u5c42\u5bf9\u8c61value\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662fconst&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662fref\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ea\u8bfb\u8bbf\u95ee\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u76f8\u53cd&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u8c61\u6700\u521d\u5c31\u662fconst&#xff0c;\u518d\u7528const_cast\u53bb\u9664\u9650\u5b9a\u5e76\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u884c\u4e3a\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>3. \u9ad8\u9891\u8bef\u533a<\/h6>\n<li>\n<p>static\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;static\u4e0d\u662fconst\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6240\u6709static\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u9759\u6001\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u95ee\u9898&#xff1b;\u5168\u5c40static\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>const\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u53ea\u8bfb\u6bb5\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u4fdd\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>const int*\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\u6307\u9488\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u6307\u5411\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u6307\u9488\u81ea\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u6307\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u503c\u5f62\u53c2\u52a0const\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u503c\u5f62\u53c2\u7684\u9876\u5c42const\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>const\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u666e\u901a\u6210\u5458&#xff0c;\u4f46\u53ef\u4fee\u6539mutable\u6210\u5458&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u9488\u6240\u6307\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b&#xff1b;\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u5199object.member\u53ea\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u63a8\u8350Class::member\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-590&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u516d\u3001\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee<\/h6>\n<li>\n<p>static\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u524d\u5206\u522b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4f55\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1f;C&#043;&#043;11\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u54ea\u90e8\u5206\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u662f\u5426\u8ba1\u5165sizeof&#xff1f;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u662fvirtual\u6216\u672b\u5c3e\u5e26const&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>const int*\u3001int* const\u548cconst int* const\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9876\u5c42const\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42const\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>int&amp; get()\u4e0eint&amp; get() const\u80fd\u5426\u91cd\u8f7d&#xff1f;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>const\u548cconstexpr\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>mutable\u89e3\u51b3\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u662f\u5426\u7834\u574fconst\u6b63\u786e\u6027&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>C\/C&#043;&#043; \u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/h5>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-486&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-487&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60<\/h6>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 static \u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int nextId()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    static int id &#061; 0;<br \/>\n    return &#043;&#043;id;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7279\u6027\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/td>\n<td>\u53ea\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u5b83\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5185\u53ef\u89c1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b58\u50a8\u671f<\/td>\n<td>\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6b21\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u672a\u663e\u5f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u5148\u88ab\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5e38\u89c1\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\n<td>\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u5728\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a&#xff0c;\u5982 .data \u6216 .bss&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5728\u666e\u901a\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u5e27\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u628a\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u8303\u56f4\u9650\u5236\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u517c\u987e\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u201c\u5c01\u88c5\u6027\u201d\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u201c\u957f\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u201d&#xff0c;\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3001\u53ea\u9700\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u4ee5\u53ca\u5355\u4f8b\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-488&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3<\/h6>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-489&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>1. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u6837\u6548\u679c<\/h6>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u5230\u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u79bb\u5f00\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u540e\u5176\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int nextId()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    int id &#061; 0;<br \/>\n    return &#043;&#043;id;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u8c03\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u6b21&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u8fd4\u56de 1\u3002\u6539\u4e3a static int id &#061; 0; \u540e&#xff0c;id \u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21&#xff0c;\u4e4b\u540e\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u4f9d\u6b21\u8fd4\u56de 1\u30012\u30013\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e95\u5c42\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u672c\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u6216\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d&#xff1b;\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b83\u3002\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u6808\u5e27&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u653e\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u6bb5\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u548c\u5e73\u53f0\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;C\/C&#043;&#043; \u6807\u51c6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\u5236\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u9759\u6001\u533a\u201d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-490&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>2. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u53ef\u89c1\u8303\u56f4<\/td>\n<td>\u6240\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u4ee3\u7801\u5757<\/td>\n<td>\u4ece\u58f0\u660e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8d77\u53ef\u88ab\u66f4\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5c01\u88c5\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u8f83\u597d&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<td>\u8f83\u5f31&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u65e0\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u4f9d\u8d56\u6216\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8de8\u8c03\u7528\u4fdd\u7559\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u4ee5<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u4ee5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<td>\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u72b6\u6001\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5171\u4eab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u7f16\u53f7\u751f\u6210\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u503c\u53ea\u5e94\u8be5\u7531 nextId() \u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u628a\u5b83\u8bbe\u4e3a\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u610f\u5916\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u80fd\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u201c\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-491&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>3. \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/h6>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e45&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u51b3\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ece\u4f55\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u6210\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5230\u4f55\u65f6\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u867d\u7136\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u540d\u5b57\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d2f\u7a7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e C&#043;&#043; \u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u6790\u6784&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7528 std::_Exit\u3001abort \u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff0c;\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u671b\u6b63\u5e38\u6790\u6784\u6d41\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5c40\u90e8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u51b2\u7a81&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5c40\u90e8&#xff1a;\u9650\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff1a;\u89c4\u5b9a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e45\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 static \u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e3b\u52a8\u8868\u8fbe&#xff1a;\u201c\u8fd9\u4efd\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u5f52\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8fd8\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u201d\u4f8b\u5982\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u503c&#xff0c;\u7f13\u5b58\u9700\u8981\u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u6b21\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff0c;\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5355\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u53ea\u5e94\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u5e94\u8bbe\u4e3a static&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u8c03\u7528\u4fdd\u7559\u72b6\u6001\u65f6&#xff0c;\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u66f4\u5408\u9002&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u5916\u90e8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int* getValueAddress()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    static int value &#061; 10;<br \/>\n    return &amp;value;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>int* p &#061; getValueAddress();<br \/>\n*p &#061; 20; \/\/ \u5408\u6cd5&#xff1a;value \u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14 p \u662f\u53ef\u5199\u6307\u9488 <\/p>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u5916\u90e8\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u51fa\u53d8\u91cf\u540d value&#xff0c;\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u8be5\u6307\u9488\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u800c\u60ac\u7a7a&#xff1b;\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u503c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8&#xff0c;\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u6301\u6709\u975e const \u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u79f0\u4e3a C&#043;&#043; \u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u201c\u975e\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u201d&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u5730\u5740\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u6cd5\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u51fa&#xff0c;\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u6709\u6548\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u7ed5\u5f00\u539f\u672c\u5e0c\u671b\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5c01\u88c5&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5916\u90e8\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u6cc4\u9732\u53ef\u5199\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3001\u8fd4\u56de const \u6307\u9488\u6216\u63d0\u4f9b\u53d7\u63a7\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u82e5\u5916\u90e8\u53ea\u662f\u731c\u6d4b\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u6548\u6307\u9488\u6216\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u51b3\u5e76\u53d1\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;C&#043;&#043;11 \u8d77&#xff0c;\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531\u8bed\u8a00\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168&#xff1b;\u4f46\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\u540e&#xff0c;\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bfb\u5199\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u540c\u6b65\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>int&amp; counter()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    static int value &#061; 0; \/\/ C&#043;&#043;11 \u8d77&#xff0c;\u9996\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684<br \/>\n    return value;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c &#043;&#043;counter() \u4ecd\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168&#xff1b;\u666e\u901a int \u7684\u9012\u589e\u4e0d\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u540c\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-492&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>4. C \u4e0e C&#043;&#043; \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5dee\u5f02<\/h6>\n<p>C \u548c C&#043;&#043; \u4e2d\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5e38\u89c1\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u89c4\u5219\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u952e\u5dee\u5f02&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u8bed\u8a00\u5178\u578b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u89c4\u5219<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>C<\/td>\n<td>\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C&#043;&#043;<\/td>\n<td>\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7ecf\u8fc7\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210&#xff1b;\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Widget&amp; instance()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    static Widget object; \/\/ C&#043;&#043;&#xff1a;\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u65f6\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u6b21<br \/>\n    return object;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043; \u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u914d\u5408\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u6784\u9020&#xff1b;C&#043;&#043;11 \u540e\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u9996\u6b21\u8fdb\u5165\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21\u201d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u601d\u8def&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u751f\u6210\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u548c ABI \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u82e5\u53d8\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u9759\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u5728\u9996\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u5957\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-573&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>5. \u9759\u6001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>\u5148\u770b\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u9759\u6001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21&#xff0c;\u800c\u666e\u901a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u9759\u6001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u666e\u901a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u90fd\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u662f\u94fe\u63a5\u5c5e\u6027&#xff0c;\u5373\u80fd\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u5b57\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ file1.cpp<br \/>\nint globalValue &#061; 1;        \/\/ \u666e\u901a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1a;\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5<br \/>\nstatic int fileValue &#061; 2;   \/\/ \u9759\u6001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1a;\u5177\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5 <\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879\u666e\u901a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cfstatic\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/td>\n<td>\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6216\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/td>\n<td>\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6216\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b58\u50a8\u671f<\/td>\n<td>\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f<\/td>\n<td>\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6b21\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21<\/td>\n<td>\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u94fe\u63a5\u5c5e\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n<td>\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5176\u4ed6\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u80fd\u5426\u7528\u540d\u5b57\u5f15\u7528<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5339\u914d\u7684extern\u58f0\u660e\u5f15\u7528<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5&#xff1b;\u540d\u5b57\u53ea\u5bf9\u5e94\u5f53\u524d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ file1.cpp<br \/>\nint sharedValue &#061; 10;<br \/>\nstatic int privateValue &#061; 20;<br \/>\n\/\/ file2.cpp<br \/>\nextern int sharedValue;   \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528file1.cpp\u4e2d\u7684sharedValue<br \/>\n\/\/ extern int privateValue; \/\/ \u65e0\u6cd5\u5f15\u7528file1.cpp\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u4e2aprivateValue&#xff0c;\u94fe\u63a5\u5931\u8d25 <\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u539f\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9632\u6b62\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662fstatic\u8d4b\u4e88\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u201c\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21\u201d\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5e94\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6216\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684static\u53d8\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5&#xff0c;<br \/>\n\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53ea\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u5185\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7extern\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;<br \/>\n\u4e5f\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540c\u540d\u7b26\u53f7\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u66b4\u9732\u3002 <\/p>\n<h6>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u611f\u89c9\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21\u201d<\/h6>\n<p>\u4ece\u201c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b&#xff0c;\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u6b64&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ecd\u5728\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u518d\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u540e\u9762\u7684&#061;\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8d4b\u503c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u518d\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int value &#061; 1; \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316<br \/>\nvalue &#061; 2;     \/\/ \u8d4b\u503c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u5316 <\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>void function()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    int normal &#061; 0;        \/\/ \u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684normal\u5bf9\u8c61<br \/>\n    static int saved &#061; 0;  \/\/ \u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540c\u4e00\u4e2asaved\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u6b21<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21\u201d\u7528\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u6709\u610f\u4e49&#xff1b;\u62ff\u5b83\u6bd4\u8f83\u9759\u6001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u666e\u901a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8005\u672c\u6765\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u8981\u533a\u5206\u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21\u201d\u548c\u201c\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>static int count &#061; 0; \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21<br \/>\ncount &#061; 10;           \/\/ \u4e4b\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u590d\u8d4b\u503c\u4fee\u6539 <\/p>\n<p>static\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8econst&#xff0c;\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4ee5\u540e\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;a name&#061;&#034;toc-anchor-493&#034;&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e09\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\u4e0e\u9762\u8bd5\u8ffd\u95ee<\/h6>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u201d&#xff1a;\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6808\u5e27\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u51fd\u6570\u6bcf\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u6b21&#xff0c;\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21\u201d&#xff1a;\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u53ea\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5c31\u77ed\u201d&#xff1a;\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53ea\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u53ef\u89c1&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cC&#043;&#043;11 \u4fdd\u8bc1\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u201d&#xff1a;\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9996\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u540e\u7eed\u8bfb\u5199\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201c\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u201d&#xff1a;\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u5177\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u671f&#xff0c;\u4f46\u53ef\u89c1\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5c01\u88c5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u9762\u8bd5\u5e38\u89c1\u8ffd\u95ee&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc&#xff1f;\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728 .data \u6bb5\u5417&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043; \u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u6790\u6784&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;11 \u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u7a76\u7adf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u9002\u5408\u54ea\u4e9b\u573a\u666f&#xff0c;\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u54ea\u4e9b\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u95ee\u9898&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u53d1\u5e03\u5bfc\u822a&#xff1a;\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7&#xff1a;\u65e0 | \u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u603b\u76ee\u5f55 | \u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;C&#043;&#043;\u8bed\u8a00\u57fa\u7840&#xff08;2\/4&#xff09;&#xff1a;const\u3001static\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;C\u8bed\u8a00\u57fa\u7840&#xff08;1\/4&#xff09;&#xff1a;C\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u57fa\u7840 \u53d1\u5e03\u5bfc\u822a&#xff1a;\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7&#xff1a;\u65e0 | \u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u603b\u76ee\u5f55 | \u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;C\u8bed\u8a00\u57fa\u7840&#xff08;2\/4&#xff09;&#xff1a;const\u3001static\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49 \u76ee\u5f55 \u4e00\u3001\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60  \u4e8c\u3001\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 C\u8bed\u8a00\u6982\u89c8\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa  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