{"id":98011,"date":"2026-08-30T22:40:44","date_gmt":"2026-08-30T14:40:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/98011.html"},"modified":"2026-08-30T22:40:44","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T14:40:44","slug":"%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e5%be%ae%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%8f%af%e8%a7%82%e6%b5%8b%e6%80%a7%e8%b4%a8%e9%87%8f%e9%97%a8%e7%a6%81%ef%bc%9aopentelemetry-trace-%e6%b1%a1%e6%9f%93%e9%98%b2%e7%ba%bf%e4%b8%8e-promethe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/98011.html","title":{"rendered":"\u667a\u80fd\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u8d28\u91cf\u95e8\u7981\uff1aOpenTelemetry Trace \u6c61\u67d3\u9632\u7ebf\u4e0e Prometheus \u544a\u8b66\u6307\u6807 Review \u6e05\u5355"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u667a\u80fd\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u8d28\u91cf\u95e8\u7981&#xff1a;OpenTelemetry Trace \u6c61\u67d3\u9632\u7ebf\u4e0e Prometheus \u544a\u8b66\u6307\u6807 Review \u6e05\u5355<\/h2>\n<p>\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u4ee3\u7801\u8bc4\u5ba1\u8981\u5148\u68c0\u67e5 Trace \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3001\u6307\u6807\u6807\u7b7e\u548c\u91c7\u6837\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4&#xff0c;\u518d\u770b\u544a\u8b66\u80fd\u5426\u5173\u8054\u5230\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6392\u969c\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6e05\u5355\u9002\u5408\u6309\u670d\u52a1\u98ce\u9669\u88c1\u526a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c&#xff0c;\u67e5\u8be2\u754c\u9762\u8f6c\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u5708&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u5f39\u51fa\u4e86 Collector Buffer Full &#8211; 503 Service Unavailable\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e&#xff1a;\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u63a5\u5165\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u667a\u80fd Agent&#xff08;Tool Calling&#xff09;\u529f\u80fd\u65f6&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5185\u90e8\u65e0\u8282\u5236\u5730\u521b\u5efa OpenTelemetry Tracer.spanBuilder()\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u53d1\u751f\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u540e&#xff0c;\u5355\u6b21\u667a\u80fd\u95ee\u7b54\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u4e0d\u5230 10 \u79d2\u5185\u5411 Collector \u72c2\u55b7\u4e86 35,000 \u4e2a\u8d85\u957f Span \u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u51b2\u57ae\u4e86 OpenTelemetry Collector \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u6709\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u7684 Trace \u65e5\u5fd7\u6574\u6574\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e86 40 \u5206\u949f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027&#xff08;Observability&#xff09;\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4ee3\u7801\u5c42\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u95e8\u7981&#xff08;Quality Gate&#xff09;\u4e0e Code Review \u89c4\u8303&#xff0c;\u5931\u63a7\u7684 Trace \u6c61\u67d3\u4e0e\u9ad8\u57fa\u6570&#xff08;High Cardinality&#xff09;Prometheus \u6307\u6807\u4e0d\u4ec5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6545\u969c&#xff0c;\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u62d6\u57ae\u751f\u4ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5143\u51f6\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>1. Trace \u6c61\u67d3\u4e0e\u9ad8\u57fa\u6570 Metrics \u5d29\u6e83\u67b6\u6784<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a RPC \u8bf7\u6c42\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684 Span \u6570\u91cf\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684&#xff08;\u4e00\u822c\u5728 10 ~ 50 \u4e2a\u4e4b\u95f4&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5728\u96c6\u6210\u4e86 LLM\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd Agent \u7f16\u6392\u7684\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u6570\u5341\u6b21 Tool Calling \u9012\u5f52\u3001\u591a\u8f6e RAG \u68c0\u7d22\u4e0e\u8fed\u4ee3\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u7801\u5c42\u7f3a\u4e4f\u91c7\u6837&#xff08;Sampling&#xff09;\u4e0e Span \u6570\u91cf\u786c\u9650\u5236\u95e8\u7981&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7206\u70b8\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86 Trace \u7206\u70b8\u5916&#xff0c;\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6f0f\u6d1e\u662f\u5728 Prometheus \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 Counter \/ Gauge \u6307\u6807\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8bef\u5c06\u53d8\u957f\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u5982 user_id\u3001order_id\u3001prompt_hash&#xff09;\u4f5c\u4e3a Metric Label \u5199\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 Prometheus \u7684 Index \u5185\u90e8\u5e8f\u5217\u5448\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u7206\u70b8\u589e\u957f&#xff08;\u5373\u9ad8\u57fa\u6570\u95ee\u9898&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4 Mimir \u6216 Prometheus TSDB \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u76f4\u63a5 OOM \u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>2. \u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u73b0\u573a\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u7ba1\u7ebf\u53d1\u751f\u963b\u585e\u6216\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8bca\u65ad\u5de5\u5177\u5206\u6790 Collector \u7684\u6536\u53d1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e JVM \u5185 Trace Agent \u7684\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.1 \u67e5\u770b OpenTelemetry Collector \u5b9e\u65f6 drop \u6307\u6807<\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7 curl \u8bbf\u95ee OTel Collector \u7684 8888 \u76d1\u63a7\u7aef\u53e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p># 1. \u67e5\u8be2 OTel Collector \u5185\u90e8\u63a5\u6536\u4e0e\u4e22\u5f03\u7684 Span \u7edf\u8ba1<br \/>\ncurl -s &#034;${OTEL_COLLECTOR_METRICS_URL}&#034; | grep -E &#034;otelcol_receiver_refused_spans|otelcol_processor_dropped_spans&#034;<\/p>\n<p># 2. \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u9650\u6d41\u5904\u7406\u5668 (Memory Limiter) \u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u72b6\u6001<br \/>\ncurl -s &#034;${OTEL_COLLECTOR_METRICS_URL}&#034; | grep &#034;otelcol_processor_memory_limiter&#034;<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c otelcol_processor_dropped_spans \u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684 Trace \u62a5\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e25\u91cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86 Collector \u7684\u627f\u8f7d\u4e0a\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.2 \u8bca\u65ad Java \u5e94\u7528\u5185 OpenTelemetry \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 jcmd \u67e5\u770b OTel Java Agent \u5728 JVM \u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6301\u6709\u7684 BatchSpanProcessor \u961f\u5217&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p># 1. \u67e5\u770b JVM \u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d OTel exporter \u7ebf\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001<br \/>\njstack &lt;pid&gt; | grep -A 10 &#034;BatchSpanProcessor&#034;<\/p>\n<p># 2. \u7edf\u8ba1 OpenTelemetry ReadableSpan \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5728\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5360\u7528\u6570<br \/>\njcmd &lt;pid&gt; GC.class_histogram | grep -E &#034;opentelemetry|SdkSpan&#034; | head -n 15<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>3. \u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7 Safe Trace \u91c7\u6837\u5668\u4e0e\u9ad8\u57fa\u6570 Label \u6e05\u7406\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6253\u7206\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u7ea6\u675f\u7684 Trace \u8ba1\u6570\u9650\u5236\u5668\u4e0e Metrics Label \u89c4\u8303\u5316 Filter\u3002<\/p>\n<p>package com.example.observability.filter;<\/p>\n<p>import io.opentelemetry.api.common.AttributeKey;<br \/>\nimport io.opentelemetry.api.common.Attributes;<br \/>\nimport io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Span;<br \/>\nimport io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Tracer;<br \/>\nimport io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.ReadableSpan;<br \/>\nimport io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.data.SpanData;<br \/>\nimport io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.SpanExporter;<br \/>\nimport io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.CompletableResultCode;<br \/>\nimport org.slf4j.Logger;<br \/>\nimport org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;<\/p>\n<p>import java.util.ArrayList;<br \/>\nimport java.util.Collection;<br \/>\nimport java.util.List;<br \/>\nimport java.util.Set;<br \/>\nimport java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;<\/p>\n<p>\/**<br \/>\n * \u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7 Safe Span Exporter \u5305\u88c5\u5668&#xff1a;\u5f3a\u5236\u7ba1\u63a7\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42 Span \u4ea7\u751f\u4e0a\u9650&#xff0c;\u5e76\u6ee4\u9664\u9ad8\u57fa\u6570\u5371\u9669 Label<br \/>\n *\/<br \/>\npublic class SafeBoundarySpanExporter implements SpanExporter {<\/p>\n<p>    private static final Logger log &#061; LoggerFactory.getLogger(SafeBoundarySpanExporter.class);<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ \u3010CR \u89c4\u7ea6 1\u3011&#xff1a;\u5355\u6b21 RPC \/ \u4efb\u52a1\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5141\u8bb8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u5927 Span \u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u9650 (\u9632\u6b62 Agent \u9012\u5f52\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u6c61\u67d3)<br \/>\n    private static final int MAX_SPANS_PER_BATCH &#061; 100;<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ \u7981\u6b62\u4f20\u5165 Prometheus \/ Trace Label \u7684\u9ad8\u57fa\u6570\u5c5e\u6027\u9ed1\u540d\u5355<br \/>\n    private static final Set&lt;String&gt; HIGH_CARDINALITY_KEYS &#061; Set.of(<br \/>\n            &#034;user_id&#034;, &#034;order_id&#034;, &#034;prompt_text&#034;, &#034;api_token&#034;, &#034;device_id&#034;<br \/>\n    );<\/p>\n<p>    private final SpanExporter delegateExporter;<\/p>\n<p>    public SafeBoundarySpanExporter(SpanExporter delegateExporter) {<br \/>\n        this.delegateExporter &#061; delegateExporter;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    &#064;Override<br \/>\n    public CompletableResultCode export(Collection&lt;SpanData&gt; spans) {<br \/>\n        List&lt;SpanData&gt; sanitizedSpans &#061; new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();<br \/>\n        AtomicInteger count &#061; new AtomicInteger(0);<\/p>\n<p>        for (SpanData span : spans) {<br \/>\n            \/\/ 1. \u8d85\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u989d\u5ea6\u7684 Span \u5f3a\u5236 Drop&#xff0c;\u9632\u6b62\u6253\u7206 Collector<br \/>\n            if (count.incrementAndGet() &gt; MAX_SPANS_PER_BATCH) {<br \/>\n                log.warn(&#034;Exceeded max allowed Spans per batch ({}). Dropping excess trace span: {}&#034;,<br \/>\n                        MAX_SPANS_PER_BATCH, span.getName());<br \/>\n                continue;<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            \/\/ 2. \u9ad8\u57fa\u6570 Label \/ \u654f\u611f\u9690\u79c1\u5c5e\u6027\u5b89\u5168\u8fc7\u6ee4<br \/>\n            SpanData sanitizedSpan &#061; sanitizeHighCardinalityAttributes(span);<br \/>\n            sanitizedSpans.add(sanitizedSpan);<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<p>        return delegateExporter.export(sanitizedSanitizedSpans);<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    private SpanData sanitizeHighCardinalityAttributes(SpanData span) {<br \/>\n        \/\/ \u5728\u6b64\u5904\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u7528\u6237 ID\u3001\u8ba2\u5355\u53f7\u7b49\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4 TSDB \u9ad8\u57fa\u6570\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<br \/>\n        Attributes originalAttrs &#061; span.getAttributes();<br \/>\n        Attributes sanitizedAttrs &#061; originalAttrs.toBuilder()<br \/>\n                .removeIf(attributeKey -&gt; HIGH_CARDINALITY_KEYS.contains(attributeKey.getKey()))<br \/>\n                .build();<\/p>\n<p>        \/\/ \u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u5efa\u6e05\u6d17\u540e\u7684 SpanData (\u6b64\u5904\u4e3a\u7b80\u5316\u793a\u610f)<br \/>\n        return span;<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    &#064;Override<br \/>\n    public CompletableResultCode flush() {<br \/>\n        return delegateExporter.flush();<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    &#064;Override<br \/>\n    public CompletableResultCode shutdown() {<br \/>\n        return delegateExporter.shutdown();<br \/>\n    }<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>4. \u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u4ee3\u7801 Review 10 \u6761\u786c\u6838\u95e8\u7981\u6e05\u5355<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u9ad8\u6548&#xff0c;\u56e2\u961f\u5728 Pull Request \u8bc4\u5ba1\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u683c\u628a\u5b88\u4ee5\u4e0b 10 \u6761 Check List&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u7981\u6b62\u9ad8\u57fa\u6570 Label&#xff1a;\u6240\u6709 Counter.builder().tag(&#034;key&#034;, value) \u4e2d\u7684 value&#xff0c;\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 userId\u3001orderId\u3001ipAddress\u3001errorStack \u7b49\u65e0\u9650\u79bb\u6563\u503c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff01;<\/li>\n<li>\u9650\u989d Trace \u6df1\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u5728 Agent \u5faa\u73af\u6216\u9012\u5f52\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728 while(true) \u5185\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u5b50 Span&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u5f15\u5165\u6700\u5927\u6df1\u5ea6\u8ba1\u6570\u5668&#xff08;\u5982 depth &gt; 10 \u505c\u6b62\u65b0\u5efa Span&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u64e6\u9664&#xff1a;\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001Trace Attributes \u4ee5\u53ca Exception Details \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e25\u7981\u8bb0\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u7684\u660e\u6587 Token\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u5bc6\u7801\u53ca\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 LLM Prompt \u5168\u6587\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7edf\u4e00 Log MDC \u900f\u4f20&#xff1a;\u5728\u5f02\u6b65\u7ebf\u7a0b CompletableFuture \u6216 ExecutorService \u63d0\u4ea4\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7 MDC.getCopyOfContextMap() \u624b\u52a8\u900f\u4f20 traceId \u4e0e spanId\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91c7\u6837\u7387\u5206\u5c42\u914d\u7f6e&#xff1a;\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f00\u542f 100% AlwaysOnSampler \u91c7\u6837&#xff01;\u6838\u5fc3\u94fe\u8def\u63a8\u8350\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c3e\u90e8\u91c7\u6837\u7684 Tail-based Sampling \u7b56\u7565&#xff08;\u6b63\u5e38\u8bf7\u6c42 1% \u91c7\u6837&#xff0c;5xx \/ P99 \u6162\u8bf7\u6c42 100% \u91c7\u6837&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Metrics \u547d\u540d\u6536\u53e3&#xff1a;Prometheus Metric \u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa [namespace]_[subsystem]_[name]_[unit] \u6807\u51c6\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982 settlement_order_create_duration_seconds&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\u6253\u5370\u9650\u901f&#xff1a;\u5728 Catch \u5757\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55 Error 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