{"id":97350,"date":"2026-08-29T09:25:10","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T01:25:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/97350.html"},"modified":"2026-08-29T09:25:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T01:25:10","slug":"%e3%80%90linux-%e7%af%87%e3%80%91%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%97%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%9a%84%e9%80%9a%e7%94%a8%e6%b3%95%e5%88%99-%e4%b8%80%e5%88%87%e7%9a%86%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%ba%95%e5%b1%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/97350.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux \u7bc7\u3011\u6570\u5b57\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6cd5\u5219 \u2014\u2014 \u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\"<\/p>\n

Linux\u4e0b\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

  • \u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u9a71\u52a8，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f；\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6，Linux \u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u6240\u6709 IO \u4ea4\u4e92\u90fd\u4f9d\u6258\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5185\u6838\u901a\u8fc7 VFS \u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u505a\u7edf\u4e00\u5c01\u88c5，\u5728\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u642d\u5efa\u8f6f\u4ef6\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42，\u628a\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u663e\u793a\u5668\u3001\u7f51\u5361\u7b49\u786c\u4ef6\u90fd\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
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  • \u5176\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684inode\u4fe1\u606f（\u50a8\u5b58\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u6027），\u548c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a（\u50a8\u5b58\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5bb9）\u540e\u7eed\u5c06\u5237\u65b0\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

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    \u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684inode\u4fe1\u606f， \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027，\u8fd8\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65b9\u6cd5（struct file_operation）\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u548c\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

    struct file {
    \n …
    \n struct inode *f_inode; \/* cached value *\/
    \n const struct file_operations *f_op;
    \n …
    \n atomic_long_t f_count; \/\/ \u8868\u793a\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570，\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u5b83，\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0f_count\u7684\u503c\u3002
    \n unsigned int f_flags; \/\/ \u8868\u793a\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650
    \n fmode_t f_mode; \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f,\u4f8b\u5982：\u53ea\u8bfb，\u53ea\u5199\u7b49\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u5728\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<fcntl.h> \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49
    \n loff_t f_pos; \/\/ \u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e
    \n …
    \n} __attribute__((aligned(4))); \/* lest something weird decides that 2 is OK *\/<\/p>\n

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    file_operation\u5b58\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5，\u6211\u4eec\u6211\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5237\u65b0\u5230 \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

    struct file_operations {
    \nstruct module *owner;
    \n\/\/\u6307\u5411\u62e5\u6709\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6307\u9488;<\/p>\n

    loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
    \n\/\/llseek \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4f5c\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u8bfb\/\u5199\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u5e76\u4e14\u65b0\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a(\u6b63\u7684)\u8fd4\u56de\u503c.<\/p>\n

    ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
    \n\/\/\u7528\u6765\u4ece\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e. \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u5bfc\u81f4 read \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4ee5 -EINVAL("Invalid argument") \u5931\u8d25. \u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6210\u529f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570( \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a "signed size" \u7c7b\u578b，\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u5e73\u53f0\u672c\u5730\u7684\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b).<\/p>\n

    ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
    \n\/\/\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u8bbe\u5907. \u5982\u679c NULL, -EINVAL \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528 write \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f. \u5982\u679c\u975e\u8d1f, \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4ee3\u8868\u6210\u529f\u5199\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570.<\/p>\n

    ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
    \n\/\/\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u8bfb — \u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u524d\u4e0d\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c.<\/p>\n

    ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
    \n\/\/\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u5199.<\/p>\n

    int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t);
    \n\/\/\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u4e3a NULL; \u5b83\u7528\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55，\u5e76\u4e14\u4ec5\u5bf9**\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf**\u6709\u7528.<\/p>\n

    unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);<\/p>\n

    int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);<\/p>\n

    long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);<\/p>\n

    long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);<\/p>\n

    int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
    \n\/\/mmap \u7528\u6765\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c06\u8bbe\u5907\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4. \u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f NULL, mmap \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u8fd4\u56de -ENODEV.<\/p>\n

    int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
    \n\/\/\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

    int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
    \n\/\/flush \u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5173\u95ed\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u65f6\u8c03\u7528;<\/p>\n

    int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
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    int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **);
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