{"id":97163,"date":"2026-08-29T04:57:08","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T20:57:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/97163.html"},"modified":"2026-08-29T04:57:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T20:57:08","slug":"%e4%bd%a0%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%9a%e4%b8%aa-with-%e5%b5%8c%e5%a5%97%e4%b8%ba%e4%bd%95%e5%83%8f%e5%a5%97%e5%a8%83%e5%9c%b0%e7%8b%b1%ef%bc%9f-python-contextlib-exitstack","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/97163.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4f60\u7684\u591a\u4e2a with \u5d4c\u5957\u4e3a\u4f55\u50cf\u201c\u5957\u5a03\u5730\u72f1\u201d\uff1f\u2014\u2014Python contextlib.ExitStack \u7684\u591a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u81f4\u547d\u9677\u9631"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f60\u7684\u591a\u4e2a with \u5d4c\u5957\u4e3a\u4f55\u50cf\u201c\u5957\u5a03\u5730\u72f1\u201d？\u2014\u2014Python contextlib.ExitStack \u7684\u591a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u81f4\u547d\u9677\u9631<\/h2>\n
\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\u5728 Python \u4e2d，with \u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u6253\u5f00\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u591a\u628a\u9501\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5957\u5a03\u5730\u72f1\u201d：with \u4e00\u5c42\u5957\u4e00\u5c42，\u7f29\u8fdb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6df1，\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u662f，\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u91cf\u7684（\u6bd4\u5982\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u6253\u5f00\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6），\u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u9759\u6001\u5d4c\u5957\u7684 with \u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u5217\u8868，\u7136\u540e\u9010\u4e2a try\/finally \u5173\u95ed，\u8fd9\u53c8\u5bb9\u6613\u9057\u6f0f\u6216\u987a\u5e8f\u9519\u4e71，\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6216\u5f02\u5e38\u63a9\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n

contextlib.ExitStack \u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u751f\u7684\u5f3a\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u6ce8\u518c\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u6216\u6e05\u7406\u56de\u8c03，\u5e76\u5728\u79bb\u5f00 with \u5757\u65f6\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u6309\u6b63\u786e\u987a\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u4f46\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a，\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u56de\u6eda\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u517c\u5bb9\u5f02\u6b65\u8d44\u6e90\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u4eca\u5929，\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6765\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u5256 ExitStack \u7684\u9b54\u6cd5，\u8ba9\u4f60\u5f7b\u5e95\u6446\u8131\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5669\u68a6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u590d\u73b0：\u5d4c\u5957\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u75db\u82e6<\/h3>\n

\u573a\u666f 1：\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f46\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u5d4c\u5957 with<\/h4>\n

with<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>'input.txt'<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> fin:<\/span>
\n with<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>'output.txt'<\/span>,<\/span> 'w'<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> fout:<\/span>
\n with<\/span> lock_a:<\/span>
\n with<\/span> lock_b:<\/span>
\n process(<\/span>fin,<\/span> fout)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56db\u5c42\u7f29\u8fdb\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u5f00\u59cb\u201c\u5411\u53f3\u770b\u9f50\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u4e03\u516b\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90，\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u5176\u4e11\u964b，\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f29\u8fdb\u9519\u8bef\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n

\u573a\u666f 2：\u8d44\u6e90\u6570\u91cf\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316<\/h4>\n

\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570，\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5217\u8868，\u6253\u5f00\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406：<\/p>\n

def<\/span> process_files<\/span>(<\/span>paths)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n files =<\/span> [<\/span>]<\/span>
\n try<\/span>:<\/span>
\n for<\/span> path in<\/span> paths:<\/span>
\n files.<\/span>append(<\/span>open<\/span>(<\/span>path)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n # \u5904\u7406 files<\/span>
\n finally<\/span>:<\/span>
\n for<\/span> f in<\/span> files:<\/span>
\n f.<\/span>close(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c，\u4f46\u5982\u679c open \u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u5931\u8d25，\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e4b\u524d\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u8106\u5f31，\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u65f6，finally \u53ef\u80fd\u63a9\u76d6\u539f\u59cb\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u573a\u666f 3：\u9700\u8981\u6df7\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90（\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u9501\u3001\u8fde\u63a5）\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u5168\u90e8\u91ca\u653e<\/h4>\n

\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1，\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u9501，\u5e76\u6253\u5f00\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u5931\u8d25，\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u91ca\u653e\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90，\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u6b7b\u9501\u3001\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u573a\u666f 4：\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u6e05\u7406<\/h4>\n

\u4f8b\u5982，\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6，\u7136\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u9501，\u6700\u540e\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\u98a0\u5012，\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u635f\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406：ExitStack \u5982\u4f55\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u5bb6\u201d<\/h3>\n

1. \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

from<\/span> contextlib import<\/span> ExitStack<\/p>\n

with<\/span> ExitStack(<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> stack:<\/span>
\n file1 =<\/span> stack.<\/span>enter_context(<\/span>open<\/span>(<\/span>'file1.txt'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n file2 =<\/span> stack.<\/span>enter_context(<\/span>open<\/span>(<\/span>'file2.txt'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n # \u4f7f\u7528 file1, file2<\/span>
\n# \u79bb\u5f00 with \u65f6，file2 \u5148\u9000\u51fa，file1 \u540e\u9000\u51fa（LIFO \u987a\u5e8f）<\/span><\/p>\n

enter_context() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u6ce8\u518c\u5230\u6808\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53 with ExitStack() \u5757\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6，\u6808\u4f1a\u6309\u7167**\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa（LIFO）**\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5df2\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7684 __exit__ \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u6ce8\u518c\u6e05\u7406\u56de\u8c03<\/h4>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668，\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u518c\u4efb\u610f\u51fd\u6570：<\/p>\n

stack.<\/span>callback(<\/span>func,<\/span> arg1,<\/span> arg2)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u65f6，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56de\u8c03\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309 LIFO \u987a\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e with \u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8 close() \u7684\u5bf9\u8c61）\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u56de\u6eda<\/h4>\n

ExitStack \u5728\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u4f1a\u9010\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u6e05\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u6e05\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u629b\u51fa\u4e86\u5f02\u5e38，\u5b83\u4f1a\u6682\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u5f02\u5e38，\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c，\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6e05\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u6c47\u603b\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u9519\u8bef\u94fe（\u901a\u8fc7 __context__）\u5411\u4e0a\u629b\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7eaf\u624b\u52a8\u7684 try\/finally \u4e0d\u540c，\u540e\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a finally \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u505c\u6b62，\u5bfc\u81f4\u540e\u7eed\u8d44\u6e90\u65e0\u6cd5\u91ca\u653e\u3002ExitStack \u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u6e05\u7406\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u52a8\u6001\u6570\u91cf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u652f\u6301<\/h4>\n

\u7531\u4e8e enter_context \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u968f\u65f6\u8c03\u7528，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5217\u8868：<\/p>\n

with<\/span> ExitStack(<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> stack:<\/span>
\n files =<\/span> [<\/span>stack.<\/span>enter_context(<\/span>open<\/span>(<\/span>path)<\/span>)<\/span> for<\/span> path in<\/span> paths]<\/span>
\n # \u5904\u7406 files<\/span><\/p>\n

5. \u4e0e with \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n

ExitStack \u4e0d\u4ec5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7f29\u8fdb，\u8fd8\u8ba9\u4f60\u80fd\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u652f\u65f6，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u4e0b\u624d\u6ce8\u518c\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u9677\u9631\u4e0e\u707e\u96be\u6027\u540e\u679c<\/h3>\n

\u9677\u9631 1：\u5728 ExitStack \u5757\u5916\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90<\/h4>\n

stack =<\/span> ExitStack(<\/span>)<\/span>
\nf =<\/span> stack.<\/span>enter_context(<\/span>open<\/span>(<\/span>'file.txt'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\nstack.<\/span>close(<\/span>)<\/span> # \u624b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6808<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>f.<\/span>read(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # \u9519\u8bef！\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5173\u95ed<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u6808\u5173\u95ed，\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u6808\u5173\u95ed\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90，\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 ValueError: I\/O operation on closed file\u3002\u52a1\u5fc5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8d44\u6e90\u53ea\u5728 with \u5757\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9677\u9631 2：\u6e05\u7406\u56de\u8c03\u4e2d\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n

with<\/span> ExitStack(<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> stack:<\/span>
\n stack.<\/span>callback(<\/span>cleanup_that_raises)<\/span>
\n raise<\/span> ValueError(<\/span>"\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f02\u5e38"<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c cleanup_that_raises \u5728\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u629b\u51fa\u4e86 RuntimeError，\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u94fe\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u539f\u59cb ValueError \u548c\u65b0\u7684 RuntimeError\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u5f02\u5e38\u94fe，\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f02\u5e38\u88ab\u541e\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a，Python 3 \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u94fe，\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u6355\u83b7\u4e86 Exception \u5e76\u6253\u5370\u4e86\u6700\u5916\u5c42，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6e05\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9677\u9631 3：\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a ExitStack \u4f1a\u541e\u6389\u6240\u6709\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n

ExitStack \u4e0d\u4f1a\u541e\u6389 BaseException（\u5982 KeyboardInterrupt），\u5b83\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u6e05\u7406，\u8fd9\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u6e05\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6355\u83b7\u4e86 BaseException，\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa，\u8fd9\u662f\u5371\u9669\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9677\u9631 4：\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5171\u4eab ExitStack<\/h4>\n

ExitStack \u4e0d\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6ce8\u518c\u548c\u9000\u51fa，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 ExitStack\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9677\u9631 5：\u6ce8\u518c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53<\/h4>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8d44\u6e90 A \u4f9d\u8d56\u8d44\u6e90 B，\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u65f6 A \u5e94\u8be5\u5728 B \u4e4b\u524d\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u7531\u4e8e ExitStack \u4f7f\u7528 LIFO，\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 B \u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u6ce8\u518c，A \u540e\u6ce8\u518c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5f04\u53cd\u4e86，\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u91ca\u653e A \u65f6 B \u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528，\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

with<\/span> ExitStack(<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> stack:<\/span>
\n b =<\/span> stack.<\/span>enter_context(<\/span>create_b(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n a =<\/span> stack.<\/span>enter_context(<\/span>create_a(<\/span>b)<\/span>)<\/span> # a \u4f9d\u8d56 b<\/span>
\n # \u9000\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f：a \u5148\u9000\u51fa，b \u540e\u9000\u51fa，\u8fd9\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9677\u9631 6：\u4f7f\u7528 enter_context \u4f46\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u8d4b\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

with<\/span> ExitStack(<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> stack:<\/span>
\n stack.<\/span>enter_context(<\/span>open<\/span>(<\/span>'file.txt'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03，\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee，\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u6b63\u5e38\u5173\u95ed，\u4f46\u4f60\u767d\u505a\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u52a1\u5fc5\u63a5\u6536\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528 ExitStack \u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

1. \u52a8\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n

from<\/span> contextlib import<\/span> ExitStack<\/p>\n

def<\/span> read_many<\/span>(<\/span>paths)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n with<\/span> ExitStack(<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> stack:<\/span>
\n files =<\/span> [<\/span>stack.<\/span>enter_context(<\/span>open<\/span>(<\/span>p)<\/span>)<\/span> for<\/span> p in<\/span> paths]<\/span>
\n for<\/span> f in<\/span> files:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>f.<\/span>read(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u6df7\u5408\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

with<\/span> ExitStack(<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> stack:<\/span>
\n conn =<\/span> stack.<\/span>enter_context(<\/span>db.<\/span>connect(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n lock =<\/span> stack.<\/span>enter_context(<\/span>threading.<\/span>Lock(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n file<\/span> =<\/span> stack.<\/span>enter_context(<\/span>open<\/span>(<\/span>'data.txt'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n # \u9000\u51fa\u65f6 file, lock, conn \u4f9d\u6b21\u5173\u95ed<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u6e05\u7406\u56de\u8c03<\/h4>\n

with<\/span> ExitStack(<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> stack:<\/span>
\n temp_dir =<\/span> create_temp_dir(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n stack.<\/span>callback(<\/span>shutil.<\/span>rmtree,<\/span> temp_dir)<\/span>
\n # \u4f7f\u7528 temp_dir<\/span>
\n# \u81ea\u52a8\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u4e34\u65f6\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u8d44\u6e90，\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

\u6709\u65f6\u4f60\u60f3\u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u8d23\u4efb\u4ea4\u51fa\u53bb，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837：<\/p>\n

def<\/span> open_multiple<\/span>(<\/span>paths)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n stack =<\/span> ExitStack(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n try<\/span>:<\/span>
\n files =<\/span> [<\/span>stack.<\/span>enter_context(<\/span>open<\/span>(<\/span>p)<\/span>)<\/span> for<\/span> p in<\/span> paths]<\/span>
\n except<\/span>:<\/span>
\n stack.<\/span>close(<\/span>)<\/span> # \u51fa\u9519\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u5df2\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u8d44\u6e90<\/span>
\n raise<\/span>
\n return<\/span> files,<\/span> stack # \u8fd4\u56de\u6808，\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u8d1f\u8d23\u5173\u95ed<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8c03\u7528\u8005：<\/p>\n

files,<\/span> stack =<\/span> open_multiple(<\/span>paths)<\/span>
\nwith<\/span> stack:<\/span>
\n # \u4f7f\u7528 files<\/span><\/p>\n

5. \u4e0e contextlib.ExitStack \u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668（Python 3.11+ \u652f\u6301 async with）<\/h4>\n

Python 3.11 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86 AsyncExitStack，\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668：<\/p>\n

from<\/span> contextlib import<\/span> AsyncExitStack<\/p>\n

async<\/span> def<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n async<\/span> with<\/span> AsyncExitStack(<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> stack:<\/span>
\n client =<\/span> await<\/span> stack.<\/span>enter_async_context(<\/span>async_client(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n await<\/span> client.<\/span>fetch(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e0e\u9884\u9632\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n
  • \u5728\u6e05\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65e5\u5fd7：\u786e\u8ba4\u6e05\u7406\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f02\u5e38\u8def\u5f84：\u6a21\u62df\u6e05\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38，\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u94fe\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6574\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4f7f\u7528 try\/except \u5305\u88f9 ExitStack \u5757，\u8bb0\u5f55 __cause__ \u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u907f\u514d\u5728 ExitStack \u4e2d\u6ce8\u518c\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u56de\u8c03，\u4fdd\u6301\u903b\u8f91\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5\u65f6，\u68c0\u67e5\u8d44\u6e90\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb，\u786e\u4fdd\u6ce8\u518c\u987a\u5e8f\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u90fd\u5806\u5728 ExitStack \u91cc\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u516d\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • \u7528 ExitStack \u7ba1\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u91cf\u6216\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90，\u907f\u514d\u5d4c\u5957\u548c\u624b\u52a8 try\/finally\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u7262\u8bb0\u9000\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f\u662f LIFO，\u786e\u4fdd\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u5408\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u6ce8\u518c\u56de\u8c03\u65f6，\u4f7f\u7528 stack.callback \u5904\u7406\u975e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n
    • ExitStack \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6c47\u603b\u6e05\u7406\u5f02\u5e38，\u4f46\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5f02\u5e38\u94fe\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a ExitStack\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5982\u679c\u8d44\u6e90\u9700\u8981\u5728 with \u5757\u5916\u4f7f\u7528，\u5e94\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406 ExitStack \u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5728 Python 3.11+ \u4e2d，\u4f7f\u7528 AsyncExitStack \u7ba1\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4e3a\u6e05\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u4e03\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed<\/h3>\n

      contextlib.ExitStack \u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u7ba1\u5bb6，\u5b83\u5c06\u4f60\u6240\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7167\u987e\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4e00\u4e00\u767b\u8bb0\u5728\u518c，\u5e76\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u65f6\u6309\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u9010\u4e00\u9001\u522b\u3002\u5b83\u8ba9\u4f60\u4ece\u201c\u5957\u5a03\u5730\u72f1\u201d\u4e2d\u89e3\u8131\u51fa\u6765，\u628a\u66f4\u591a\u7cbe\u529b\u653e\u5728\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7ec6\u679d\u672b\u8282\u3002\u4f46\u7ba1\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6709\u539f\u5219：\u4ed6\u6309\u7167\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u505a\u4e8b，\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u628a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u641e\u53cd，\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e1d\u4e0d\u82df\u5730\u6267\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u4ed6\u7684\u813e\u6027，\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u5728 Python \u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u5982\u9c7c\u5f97\u6c34，\u65e0\u8bba\u9762\u5bf9\u591a\u5c11\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u9501，\u90fd\u80fd\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u8f6c\u8eab\u79bb\u53bb，\u4e0d\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e1d\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u4f60\u7684\u591a\u4e2a with \u5d4c\u5957\u4e3a\u4f55\u50cf\u201c\u5957\u5a03\u5730\u72f1\u201d？\u2014\u2014Python contextlib.ExitStack \u7684\u591a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u81f4\u547d\u9677\u9631\u5728 Python \u4e2d，with \u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u6253\u5f00\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u591a\u628a\u9501\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5957\u5a03\u5730\u72f1\u201d：with \u4e00\u5c42\u5957\u4e00\u5c42，\u7f29\u8fdb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6df1，\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u662f，\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u91cf\u7684&#xff0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":97162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[99,81,87],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-97163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-java","tag-python","tag-87"],"yoast_head":"\n\u4f60\u7684\u591a\u4e2a with \u5d4c\u5957\u4e3a\u4f55\u50cf\u201c\u5957\u5a03\u5730\u72f1\u201d\uff1f\u2014\u2014Python contextlib.ExitStack \u7684\u591a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u81f4\u547d\u9677\u9631 - 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