\u4e09\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728 open \u8868 \/ closed \u8868 \u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0a：<\/p>\n
- \n
- open \u8868：\u5b58\u653e\u5df2\u751f\u6210\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u8282\u70b9（\u201c\u5f85\u529e\u6e05\u5355\u201d）；<\/li>\n
- closed \u8868：\u5b58\u653e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6269\u5c55\u8fc7\u7684\u8282\u70b9（\u201c\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u6e05\u5355\u201d），\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5dee\u522b，\u53ea\u5728\u4e8e"\u4ece open \u8868\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u987a\u5e8f"：DFS \u4ece\u6808\u9876\u53d6（\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa），BFS \u4ece\u961f\u9996\u53d6（\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa），DFS-ID \u5219\u53cd\u590d\u7528 DFS \u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u9650\u5b9a\u6700\u5927\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260828054051-6a911f638f296.png\")
<\/p>\n\u56fe 19 \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6f14\u793a：\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1，\u6cbf\u6700\u5de6\u4fa7\u5206\u652f\u4e00\u8def\u6df1\u5165（1\u21922\u21924\u21928），\u76f4\u5230\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u540e\u7ee7；\u6b64\u65f6\u56de\u6eaf\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42，\u518d\u6df1\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5206\u652f（9\u30015\u2026）\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u6269\u5c55\u987a\u5e8f，\u865a\u7ebf\u8868\u793a"\u78b0\u58c1\u540e\u7684\u56de\u6eaf"\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e09\u30012.3.1 \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22（DFS）<\/h3>\n
3.1 \u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3：\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u8d70\u5230\u9ed1，\u649e\u5899\u518d\u56de\u5934<\/h4>\n
\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7b56\u7565\u662f：<\/p>\n
\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u5c42，\u90fd\u53ea\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165；\u5f53\u5230\u8fbe\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9（\u53f6\u5b50）\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u540e\u7ee7\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6，\u5c31**\u56de\u6eaf（backtrack）**\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9，\u7ee7\u7eed\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4，DFS \u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f：\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u6cbf\u7740\u4e00\u6761\u5206\u652f\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165，\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u523b\u4f1a\u78b0\u5230\u76ee\u6807；\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u8d70\u4e0d\u901a，\u5c31\u9000\u56de\u53bb\u6362\u4e00\u6761\u3002\u201d \u5b83\u4f18\u5148\u63a2\u7d22"\u6df1\u5ea6"，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f"\u5e7f\u5ea6"\u3002<\/p>\n
3.2 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784：\u6808（LIFO）\u4e0e open\/closed \u8868<\/h4>\n
DFS \u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6808（stack）：\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa（LIFO, Last-In-First-Out）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u641c\u7d22\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6，\u628a\u8d77\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u538b\u5165 open \u6808；\u6bcf\u6b21\u5faa\u73af：<\/p>\n
- \u5f39\u51fa open \u6808\u9876\u8282\u70b9 x；<\/li>\n
- \u68c0\u67e5 x \u662f\u5426\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5219\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de；<\/li>\n
- \u5426\u5219\u628a x \u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u538b\u5165 open \u6808\u9876（\u540e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e0b\u6b21\u5148\u88ab\u5f39\u51fa），\u5e76\u628a x \u79fb\u5165 closed \u8868；<\/li>\n
- \u91cd\u590d，\u76f4\u5230 open \u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a（\u65e0\u89e3）\u6216\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n
"\u6808"\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86 DFS \u5929\u7136\u7684\u884c\u4e3a：\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6c38\u8fdc\u4f18\u5148\u88ab\u6269\u5c55，\u4e8e\u662f\u641c\u7d22\u603b\u662f\u624e\u8fdb\u5f53\u524d\u5206\u652f\u7684\u6700\u6df1\u5904；\u53ea\u6709\u6574\u6761\u5206\u652f\u90fd\u5f39\u7a7a（\u56de\u6eaf），\u624d\u8f6e\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u5144\u5f1f\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
3.3 \u8fc7\u7a0b\u6f14\u793a：\u4e00\u68f5 3 \u5c42\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684 DFS \u987a\u5e8f<\/h4>\n
![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260828054055-6a911f67c64db.png\")
<\/p>\n\u56fe 20 \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6f14\u793a：\u5148\u628a\u8d77\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217，\u518d\u6309"\u5148\u5165\u961f\u5148\u6269\u5c55"\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u9010\u5c42\u94fa\u5f00（1\u21922\u21923\u21924\u21925\u2192\u2026）\u3002\u6269\u5c55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u8282\u70b9\u8ddd\u6839\u7684\u5c42\u6570：\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u5168\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c，\u624d\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56de\u5230 DFS，\u5b83\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u68f5\u5c0f\u6811\u76f4\u89c2\u611f\u53d7（\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u56fe 19 \u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784）：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u8bb0\u4e3a 1，\u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 2\u30013；2 \u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 4\u30015；4 \u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 8\u30019\u2026\u2026<\/li>\n
- DFS \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e8f\u5217\u662f：1 \u2192 2 \u2192 4 \u2192 8 \u2192 9 \u2192 5 \u2192 3 \u2192 6 \u2192 7（\u5148\u6cbf 1-2-4-8 \u6df1\u5165\u5230\u5e95，8 \u65e0\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u56de\u6eaf\u5230 4，\u518d\u6269\u5c55 9；9 \u5230\u5e95\u540e\u56de\u6eaf\u5230 2，\u6269\u5c55 5\u2026\u2026\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0e BFS \u7684\u5bf9\u7167：BFS \u4f1a\u5148\u8bbf\u95ee 1 \u2192 2 \u2192 3 \u2192 4 \u2192 5 \u2192 6 \u2192 7 \u2192 8 \u2192 9（\u9010\u5c42\u94fa\u5f00），\u800c DFS \u5219\u662f"\u5782\u76f4\u5230\u5e95\u518d\u56de\u6765"，\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
3.4 \u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n
![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260828054100-6a911f6c5e450.png\")
<\/p>\n\u56fe 21 DFS \u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801：open \u4e3a\u6808（LIFO），closed \u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u6269\u5c55\u8282\u70b9；\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ece open \u5f39\u51fa\u6808\u9876，\u751f\u6210\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u538b\u6808，\u5e76\u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u5728 open\/closed \u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9（\u9632\u6b62\u73af\u8def\u4e0e\u91cd\u590d）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6559\u6750\u98ce\u683c\u7684 DFS \u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
Procedure depth_first_search
\n open = [Start] # \u6808：\u521d\u59cb\u53ea\u542b\u8d77\u59cb\u8282\u70b9
\n closed = [] # \u5df2\u6269\u5c55\u8282\u70b9\u8868
\n while open \u2260 [] do
\n x = pop(open) # \u53d6\u6808\u9876（\u6700\u540e\u538b\u5165\u7684\u8282\u70b9）
\n if x \u662f\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001 then
\n return x # \u627e\u5230\u89e3
\n for x \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 c do
\n if c \u2209 open \u4e14 c \u2209 closed then
\n push(c, open) # \u538b\u5165\u6808\u9876，\u4f18\u5148\u6269\u5c55
\n push(x, closed) # \u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u6269\u5c55
\n return FAIL # open \u4e3a\u7a7a：\u65e0\u89e3<\/p>\n3.5 \u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/h4>\n
\n
\u7279\u6027DFS \u7684\u8868\u73b0<\/tr>\n \n\n \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td>\n O(b\u00b7m)\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u9700\u4fdd\u5b58"\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84 + \u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5144\u5f1f"，b \u4e3a\u5206\u652f\u56e0\u5b50\u3001m \u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u6df1\u5ea6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td>\n O(b\u1d50)\u2014\u2014\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8981\u63a2\u7d22\u6574\u68f5\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a m \u7684\u6811<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u5b8c\u5907\u6027<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u2014\u2014\u82e5\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u542b\u65e0\u9650\u6df1\u5206\u652f（\u6216\u73af），\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u5934\u624e\u8fdb\u53bb\u6c38\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de；\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u9760 closed \u8868\u907f\u514d\u73af，\u4f46\u65e0\u9650\u5206\u652f\u4ecd\u9700\u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u6700\u4f18\u6027<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u2014\u2014\u5148\u627e\u5230\u7684\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f：\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f88\u6df1\u4f46\u5206\u652f\u4e0d\u5bbd\u3001\u89e3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e"\u5927\u6982\u7387\u9760\u6df1"\u65f6\u5f88\u5212\u7b97；\u4e5f\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d7\u9650\u73af\u5883\u4e0b（\u5185\u5b58\u5c0f）\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002\u6559\u6750\u6307\u51fa，DFS \u5728"\u65e0\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u592a\u957f"\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5408\u7406\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u4f7f\u8d70\u9519\u8def，\u56de\u6eaf\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u56db\u30012.3.2 \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22（BFS）<\/h3>\n
4.1 \u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3：\u5c42\u5c42\u63a8\u8fdb，\u5148\u5230\u5148\u5f97<\/h4>\n
\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u4e0e DFS \u6070\u597d\u76f8\u53cd：<\/p>\n
\u6309\u7167\u8282\u70b9\u79bb\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb（\u5c42\u6570）\u6765\u751f\u6210\u8282\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u5148\u8bbf\u95ee\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9，\u518d\u8bbf\u95ee\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e3a 2 \u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9，\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8def\u5f84，\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u957f\u5ea6\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
BFS \u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f：\u201c\u5148\u628a\u773c\u524d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u770b\u5168，\u518d\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u8d70\u3002\u201d \u5b83\u4f18\u5148\u4fdd\u8bc1"\u79bb\u8d77\u70b9\u8fd1\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5148\u88ab\u5904\u7406"\u3002<\/p>\n
4.2 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784：\u961f\u5217（FIFO）\u4e0e open\/closed \u8868<\/h4>\n
BFS \u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u961f\u5217（queue）：\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa（FIFO, First-In-First-Out）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e DFS \u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c，\u552f\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u5728\u53d6\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f：<\/p>\n
- \u51fa\u961f open \u961f\u9996\u8282\u70b9 x（\u6700\u65e9\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5148\u88ab\u5904\u7406）；<\/li>\n
- \u68c0\u67e5 x \u662f\u5426\u76ee\u6807\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5219\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de；<\/li>\n
- \u5426\u5219\u628a x \u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5c3e，x \u79fb\u5165 closed \u8868；<\/li>\n
- \u91cd\u590d，\u76f4\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6216\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n
"\u961f\u5217"\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e00\u5b9a\u5148\u4e8e\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u88ab\u6269\u5c55：\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u5148\u5165\u961f，\u5b83\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6392\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u6709\u5144\u5f1f\u4e4b\u540e，\u4e8e\u662f\u5929\u7136\u5f62\u6210"\u9010\u5c42\u63a8\u8fdb"\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
4.3 \u8fc7\u7a0b\u6f14\u793a\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u6027<\/h4>\n
\u56de\u5230\u56fe 20 \u90a3\u68f5 3 \u5c42\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811：BFS \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e8f\u5217\u662f 1 \u2192 2 \u2192 3 \u2192 4 \u2192 5 \u2192 6 \u2192 7 \u2192 8 \u2192 9，\u4e00\u5c42\u4e00\u5c42\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e BFS \u6c38\u8fdc\u5728"\u66f4\u6d45\u7684\u5c42"\u91cc\u5148\u627e\u76ee\u6807，\u6240\u4ee5：<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u76f8\u540c（\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee3\u4ef7）\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b，BFS \u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6700\u6d45\u6df1\u5ea6 d，\u5373\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u662f BFS \u6700\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u6027\u8d28，\u4e5f\u662f DFS \u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u3002\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4：BFS \u9700\u8981\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u5c42\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n
4.4 \u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n
![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260828054103-6a911f6fdf05f.png\")
<\/p>\n\u56fe 22 BFS \u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801：open \u4e3a\u961f\u5217（FIFO）；\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ece\u961f\u9996\u53d6\u51fa\u8282\u70b9，\u751f\u6210\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5c3e，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6309\u5c42\u6269\u5c55；\u540c\u6837\u7528 open\/closed \u8868\u53bb\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n
Procedure breadth_first_search
\n open = [Start] # \u961f\u5217：\u521d\u59cb\u53ea\u542b\u8d77\u59cb\u8282\u70b9
\n closed = [] # \u5df2\u6269\u5c55\u8282\u70b9\u8868
\n while open \u2260 [] do
\n x = dequeue(open) # \u53d6\u961f\u9996（\u6700\u65e9\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u8282\u70b9）
\n if x \u662f\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001 then
\n return x # \u627e\u5230\u89e3（\u4e14\u662f\u6700\u6d45\u89e3）
\n for x \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 c do
\n if c \u2209 open \u4e14 c \u2209 closed then
\n enqueue(c, open) # \u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5c3e，\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e
\n enqueue(x, closed) # \u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u6269\u5c55
\n return FAIL<\/p>\n4.5 \u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/h4>\n
\n
\u7279\u6027BFS \u7684\u8868\u73b0<\/tr>\n \n\n \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td>\n O(b\u1d48)\u2014\u2014\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u524d\u5c42\u5168\u90e8\u8282\u70b9，d \u4e3a\u6700\u6d45\u89e3\u6df1\u5ea6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td>\n O(b\u1d48)\u2014\u2014\u6700\u574f\u8981\u63a2\u7d22\u5230\u7b2c d \u5c42\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8282\u70b9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u5b8c\u5907\u6027<\/td>\n \u5b8c\u5907（\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u9650\u65f6）\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u8981\u89e3\u5b58\u5728，\u9010\u5c42\u63a8\u8fdb\u8fdf\u65e9\u627e\u5230<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u6700\u4f18\u6027<\/td>\n \u6700\u4f18（\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee3\u4ef7）\u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u627e\u5230\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6df1\u5ea6\u6700\u5c0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f：\u9700\u8981\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u6216\u8005\u89e3\u5927\u6982\u7387\u5f88\u6d45\u7684\u95ee\u9898；\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bbd\u5ea6\u53ef\u63a7\u65f6 BFS \u8868\u73b0\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u6811\u53c8\u5bbd\u53c8\u6df1，BFS \u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5f00\u9500\u4f1a\u7206\u70b8\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f DFS-ID \u51fa\u573a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e94\u30012.3.3 \u8fed\u4ee3\u52a0\u6df1\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22（DFS-ID）<\/h3>\n
5.1 \u75db\u70b9：DFS \u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f46\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5907，BFS \u5b8c\u5907\u4f46\u8d39\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h4>\n
\u628a\u524d\u9762\u4e24\u8282\u5bf9\u7167\u4e00\u4e0b，\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u96be：<\/p>\n
- \n
- DFS：\u7a7a\u95f4\u7701（O(bm)），\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5907\u3001\u4e0d\u6700\u4f18；<\/li>\n
- BFS：\u5b8c\u5907\u4e14\u6700\u4f18（\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee3\u4ef7），\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u7206\u70b8（O(b\u1d48)）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd"\u65e2\u50cf DFS \u4e00\u6837\u7701\u5185\u5b58，\u53c8\u50cf BFS \u4e00\u6837\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u6d45\u89e3"？<\/p>\n
\u6559\u6750\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f：\u8fed\u4ee3\u52a0\u6df1\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22（Depth-First Iterative Deepening, DFS-ID）\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c"\u5e26\u6df1\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u7684 DFS"，\u5e76\u9010\u8f6e\u628a\u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650\u52a0 1，\u4ece\u800c\u4e00\u4e3e\u517c\u5f97\u4e24\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
5.2 \u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3：\u9010\u8f6e\u653e\u5bbd"\u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650"<\/h4>\n
DFS-ID \u7684\u505a\u6cd5： \u5148\u6267\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650\u4e3a 0 \u7684 DFS（\u53ea\u770b\u6839\u8282\u70b9），\u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u89e3，\u518d\u6267\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650\u4e3a 1 \u7684 DFS（\u770b\u5230\u7b2c 1 \u5c42），\u518d\u6267\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650\u4e3a 2 \u7684 DFS\u2026\u2026\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb，\u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650\u9010\u8f6e\u9012\u589e，\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9：\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u4ece\u5934\u91cd\u65b0\u641c\u7d22，\u4e4b\u524d\u8f6e\u6b21\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u3002\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u8fd9\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39，\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u6811\u7684\u5206\u652f\u7ed3\u6784\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6d45\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u53ea\u5360\u6781\u5c0f\u6bd4\u4f8b：\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a d \u7684\u5b8c\u5168 b \u53c9\u6811，\u7b2c d \u5c42\u6709 b\u1d48 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9，\u800c\u524d d-1 \u5c42\u603b\u5171\u53ea\u6709 (b\u1d48\u22121)\/(b\u22121) \u2248 b\u1d48\/(b\u22121) \u4e2a\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4，\u91cd\u590d\u641c\u7d22\u6d45\u5c42\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u7ea6 b\/(b\u22121) \u500d（\u5e38\u6570\u500d）；<\/li>\n
- \u56e0\u6b64 DFS-ID \u7684\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u662f O(b\u1d48)，\u4e0e BFS \u540c\u9636，\u5374\u53ea\u82b1 O(b\u00b7d) \u7684\u7a7a\u95f4（\u50cf DFS \u4e00\u6837\u7701\u5185\u5b58）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
5.3 \u8fc7\u7a0b\u6f14\u793a<\/h4>\n
![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260828054107-6a911f738e226.png\")
<\/p>\n\u56fe 23 DFS-ID \u8fc7\u7a0b\u6f14\u793a：\u7b2c 1 \u8f6e\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u6df1\u5ea6 0（\u4ec5\u6839）；\u7b2c 2 \u8f6e\u5141\u8bb8\u6df1\u5ea6 1（\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7b2c 1 \u5c42）；\u7b2c 3 \u8f6e\u5141\u8bb8\u6df1\u5ea6 2（\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7b2c 2 \u5c42）\u2026\u2026\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u4ece\u6839\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb，\u76f4\u5230\u67d0\u8f6e\u5728\u754c\u9650\u5185\u53d1\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u53f3\u4fa7\u6807\u51fa"\u6bcf\u8f6e\u91cd\u505a\u6d45\u5c42"\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u5e38\u6570\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7528\u4e00\u68f5\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u7b2c 3 \u5c42\u7684\u5c0f\u6811\u611f\u53d7\u8fc7\u7a0b：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u8f6e\u6b21 0（\u754c\u9650 d=0）：\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u6839\u8282\u70b9，\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u6807；<\/li>\n
- \u8f6e\u6b21 1（d=1）：\u4ece\u6839\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u53d1，\u68c0\u67e5\u5230\u7b2c 1 \u5c42，\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u6807；<\/li>\n
- \u8f6e\u6b21 2（d=2）：\u4ece\u6839\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u53d1，\u68c0\u67e5\u5230\u7b2c 2 \u5c42，\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u6807；<\/li>\n
- \u8f6e\u6b21 3（d=3）：\u4ece\u6839\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u53d1，\u68c0\u67e5\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u5c42，\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807，\u505c\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6309"\u5148\u6df1\u540e\u6d45\u3001\u4f46\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u754c\u9650"\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5c55\u5f00，\u800c\u754c\u9650\u53c8\u9010\u8f6e\u653e\u5bbd，\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8f6e\u6b21，\u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650\u6070\u597d\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u6d45\u89e3\u6df1\u5ea6 d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f BFS \u7684\u6700\u4f18\u6027\u3002\u800c\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559"\u5f53\u524d\u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84"，\u7a7a\u95f4\u53c8\u56de\u5230 DFS \u7684\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n
5.4 \u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n
Procedure depth_first_iterative_deepening
\n for d = 0, 1, 2, \u2026 do # \u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650\u9010\u8f6e\u9012\u589e
\n result = depth_limited_search(Start, d)
\n if result \u2260 cutoff then
\n return result # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807（\u6216\u786e\u8ba4\u65e0\u89e3）<\/p>\nProcedure depth_limited_search(x, limit)
\n if x \u662f\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001 then
\n return x
\n if depth(x) = limit then # \u5df2\u8fbe\u672c\u8f6e\u754c\u9650
\n return cutoff # \u8fd4\u56de"\u8be5\u5c42\u622a\u65ad"\u6807\u8bb0
\n for x \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 c do
\n result = depth_limited_search(c, limit)
\n if result \u2260 cutoff then
\n return result
\n return cutoff # \u6b64\u5206\u652f\u5728\u754c\u9650\u5185\u65e0\u89e3<\/p>\n（\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282：\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece d=1 \u5f00\u59cb；cutoff \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u6807\u8bb0，\u8868\u793a"\u672c\u8f6e\u754c\u9650\u5185\u6ca1\u627e\u5230，\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u89e3"，\u89e6\u53d1\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u3002）<\/p>\n
5.5 \u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/h4>\n
\n
\u7279\u6027DFS-ID \u7684\u8868\u73b0<\/tr>\n \n\n \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td>\n O(b\u00b7d)\u2014\u2014\u4e0e DFS \u540c\u9636，\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e BFS \u7684 O(b\u1d48)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td>\n O(b\u1d48)\u2014\u2014\u4e0e BFS \u540c\u9636（\u5e38\u6570\u56e0\u5b50 b\/(b\u22121)）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u5b8c\u5907\u6027<\/td>\n \u5b8c\u5907（\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u9650\u65f6）\u2014\u2014\u754c\u9650\u9010\u8f6e\u9012\u589e，\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u6df1\u5ea6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u6700\u4f18\u6027<\/td>\n \u6700\u4f18（\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee3\u4ef7）\u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u89e3\u6df1\u5ea6\u6700\u6d45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u6e10\u8fdb\u6700\u4f18\u6027<\/td>\n \u6811\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u6e10\u8fdb\u6700\u4f18\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6240\u6709\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d，\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7b97\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u6bd4\u5b83\u66f4\u597d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u6559\u6750\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u70b9：<\/p>\n
\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u52a0\u6df1（DFS-ID）\u5728\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d，\u662f"\u65f6\u95f4 + \u7a7a\u95f4"\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6e10\u8fdb\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u60f3\u8981\u6700\u4f18\u89e3，\u53c8\u60f3\u7701\u5185\u5b58，DFS-ID \u5c31\u662f\u76f2\u76ee\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u6027\u8d28：DFS-ID \u662f\u4e00\u79cd"\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\u7b97\u6cd5（anytime algorithm）"\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad，\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u8f6e\u6b21\u6240\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u516d\u3001\u4e09\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6bd4：\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u770b\u61c2<\/h3>\n
![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260828054111-6a911f779dc31.png\")
<\/p>\n\u56fe 24 \u4e09\u79cd\u76f2\u76ee\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6bd4\u603b\u8868：\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u5b8c\u5907\u6027\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u6027\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001\u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f\u516d\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5e76\u6392\u6bd4\u8f83，\u5e95\u90e8\u7ed9\u51fa\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53e3\u8bc0\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u6307\u6807\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148 DFS\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148 BFS\u8fed\u4ee3\u52a0\u6df1 DFS-ID<\/tr>\n \n\n \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/td>\n \u6808（LIFO）<\/td>\n \u961f\u5217（FIFO）<\/td>\n \u6808 + \u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u6269\u5c55\u987a\u5e8f<\/td>\n \u6cbf\u5206\u652f\u6df1\u5165，\u65e0\u8def\u56de\u6eaf<\/td>\n \u6309\u5c42\u9010\u5c42\u94fa\u5f00<\/td>\n \u6bcf\u8f6e\u9650\u5236\u6df1\u5ea6\u5730 DFS，\u754c\u9650\u9010\u8f6e +1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u5b8c\u5907\u6027<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1（\u53ef\u80fd\u9677\u5165\u65e0\u9650\u6df1\u5206\u652f）<\/td>\n \u5b8c\u5907（\u6709\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4）<\/td>\n \u5b8c\u5907（\u6709\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u6700\u4f18\u6027<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/td>\n \u6700\u4f18（\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee3\u4ef7）<\/td>\n \u6700\u4f18（\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee3\u4ef7）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td>\n O(b\u1d50)<\/td>\n O(b\u1d48)<\/td>\n O(b\u1d48)（\u5e38\u6570\u500d b\/(b\u22121)）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td>\n O(b\u00b7m)<\/td>\n O(b\u1d48)<\/td>\n O(b\u00b7d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n \u7a7a\u95f4\u53d7\u9650\u3001\u89e3\u504f\u6df1<\/td>\n \u6c42\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u89e3\u504f\u6d45<\/td>\n \u6df1\u5ea6\u672a\u77e5\u3001\u8981\u6700\u4f18\u53c8\u8981\u7701\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u8bb0\u5fc6\u53e3\u8bc0：\u89e3\u6df1\u7528 DFS，\u89e3\u6d45\u7528 BFS，\u6df1\u5ea6\u672a\u77e5\u8981\u6700\u4f18\u7701\u5185\u5b58，\u5c31\u4e0a DFS-ID\u3002（\u7b26\u53f7\u7ea6\u5b9a：b = \u5206\u652f\u56e0\u5b50；d = \u6700\u6d45\u89e3\u6df1\u5ea6；m = \u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6700\u5927\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002）<\/p>\n
\n\u4e03\u3001\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
- DFS：\u5185\u5b58\u7d27\u5f20\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u89e3"\u85cf\u5728\u6df1\u5904"\u3001\u65e0\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u957f\u65f6\u662f\u9996\u9009；\u4f46\u8981\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650\u6216 closed \u8868\u515c\u5e95，\u9632\u6b62\u65e0\u9650\u6df1\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n
- BFS：\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bbd\u5ea6\u53ef\u63a7\u65f6\u6700\u7a33；\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u968f\u6df1\u5ea6\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f，\u6811\u592a\u5bbd\u4f1a\u6491\u7206\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n
- DFS-ID：\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u89e3\u6709\u591a\u6df1\u3001\u53c8\u5e0c\u671b\u540c\u65f6\u62ff\u5230"\u7701\u5185\u5b58 + \u6700\u4f18\u89e3"\u65f6，\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u9009\u62e9；\u5b83\u727a\u7272\u5c11\u91cf\u5e38\u6570\u500d\u65f6\u95f4，\u6362\u6765 BFS \u7684\u6700\u4f18\u6027\u4e0e DFS \u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n
\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u76f2\u76ee\u641c\u7d22：\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u57df\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u82e5\u60f3\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b"\u731c"\u5f97\u66f4\u806a\u660e\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u4f18\u5148\u6269\u5c55"\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u76ee\u6807"\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u5165\u6559\u6750\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22（\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0），\u90a3\u91cc\u5c06\u7ed9\u51fa\u8d2a\u5fc3\u6700\u4f73\u4f18\u5148\u3001A* \u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3：\u6574\u7bc7\u601d\u7ef4\u5bfc\u56fe<\/h3>\n
\u628a 2.3 \u8282\u5168\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u6536\u62e2\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u5bfc\u56fe，\u590d\u4e60\u65f6\u4e00\u773c\u638c\u63e1：<\/p>\n
![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260828054115-6a911f7b0d77c.png\")
<\/p>\n\u56fe 25 \u7b2c 04 \u7bc7\u603b\u7ed3\u5bfc\u56fe\u3002\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u9898\u300c2.3 \u76f2\u76ee\u641c\u7d22\u300d，\u516d\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5206\u652f：DFS \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u3001BFS \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u3001DFS-ID \u8fed\u4ee3\u52a0\u6df1\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bc4\u4ef7（\u5b8c\u5907\u6027\/\u6700\u4f18\u6027\/\u65f6\u95f4\/\u7a7a\u95f4）\u3001\u516c\u5171\u57fa\u7840（\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u56fe\u3001open\/closed \u8868\u3001\u751f\u6210-\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8303\u5f0f）\u3001\u9009\u578b\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e5d\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u5fc3\u5f97\u4e0e\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65<\/h3>\n
9.1 \u5b66\u4e60\u5fc3\u5f97<\/h4>\n
- \u4e09\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5dee\u522b，\u672c\u8d28\u662f"\u4ece open \u8868\u91cc\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u987a\u5e8f"\u3002\u628a 2.3 \u8282\u5b66\u5b8c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u662f：DFS \u548c BFS \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u9aa8\u67b6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837，\u552f\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c31\u662f"\u7528\u6808\u8fd8\u662f\u7528\u961f\u5217"\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u51b3\u5b9a\u641c\u7d22\u884c\u4e3a\u2014\u2014\u6808\u8ba9\u4f60\u6df1\u94bb，\u961f\u5217\u8ba9\u4f60\u5e73\u63a8\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9，\u6bd4\u80cc\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
- DFS-ID \u662f"\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4"\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u521d\u770b"\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u4ece\u5934\u91cd\u641c"\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u6d6a\u8d39，\u4f46\u7b97\u4e00\u7b14\u8d26\u5c31\u91ca\u7136\u4e86：\u5b8c\u5168 b \u53c9\u6811\u91cc，\u6d45\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u53ea\u5360\u6574\u68f5\u6811\u7684 (b\u22121) \u5206\u4e4b\u4e00，\u91cd\u641c\u6d45\u5c42\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500\u53ea\u662f\u5e38\u6570\u500d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f DFS-ID \u4ee5 O(b\u1d48) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u62ff\u5230\u4e86 BFS \u7684\u6700\u4f18\u6027，\u53c8\u4ee5 O(b\u00b7d) \u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86 DFS \u7684\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f"\u6e10\u8fdb\u6700\u4f18"\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u7684\u5206\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5b8c\u5907\u6027\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u6027\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4，\u662f\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e00\u5207\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u56db\u628a\u5c3a\u5b50\u3002\u4ee5\u540e\u5b66 A*\u3001IDA*\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u52a0\u5bbd\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5，\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u5957\u6307\u6807\u53bb"\u4f53\u68c0"：\u5b83\u5b8c\u5907\u5417？\u6700\u4f18\u5417？\u65f6\u95f4\u591a\u5c11？\u7a7a\u95f4\u591a\u5c11？\u56db\u95ee\u4e0b\u6765，\u7b97\u6cd5\u753b\u50cf\u5c31\u6e05\u6670\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n
- "\u76f2\u76ee"\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684，\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002\u76f2\u76ee\u641c\u7d22\u4e0d\u5229\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u57df\u77e5\u8bc6，\u770b\u4f3c\u7b28\u62d9，\u5374\u662f\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u4e0e\u57fa\u7ebf\u2014\u2014\u6ca1\u6709 BFS \u7684\u6700\u4f18\u6027\u4f5c\u53c2\u7167，\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u91cf\u5316\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u52a0\u901f；\u6ca1\u6709 DFS \u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u52bf，\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3 IDA* \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u5730\u57fa\u6253\u5f97\u7262，\u4e0a\u5c42\u624d\u7acb\u5f97\u4f4f\u3002<\/li>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u4e0e\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n
- \n
- \u6559\u6750\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u5f15\u6587\u51fa\u5904：\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u300b（\u7b2c 3 \u7248）\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\u300c\u76f2\u76ee\u641c\u7d22\u300d2.3 \u8282：2.3.1 \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u30012.3.2 \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u30012.3.3 \u8fed\u4ee3\u52a0\u6df1\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22（DFS-ID）\u3002\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8bb0\u53f7 b\/d\/m \u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3001\u6e10\u8fdb\u6700\u4f18\u6027\u7ed3\u8bba\u5747\u6309\u6559\u6750\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178 AI \u6559\u6750（Russell & Norvig AIMA）\u5bf9\u7167\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a\u6559\u6750\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u91cd\u8ff0：DFS \u4f7f\u7528\u6808 LIFO \u4e0e open\/closed \u8868；BFS \u4f7f\u7528\u961f\u5217 FIFO \u4e0e open\/closed \u8868；DFS-ID \u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u6df1\u5ea6\u754c\u9650\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u53d7\u9650\u641c\u7d22，\u9010\u8f6e\u9012\u589e\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8bf4\u660e：DFS \u6700\u574f\u65f6\u95f4 O(b\u1d50)\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4 O(b\u00b7m)；BFS \u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5747\u4e3a O(b\u1d48)；DFS-ID \u65f6\u95f4 O(b\u1d48)（\u5e38\u6570\u56e0\u5b50 b\/(b\u22121)）\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4 O(b\u00b7d)；"\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u6e10\u8fdb\u6700\u4f18"\u4e3a\u6559\u6750\u660e\u786e\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u914d\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e：\u672c\u6587\u6240\u6709\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u5747\u4e3a\u81ea\u7ed8\u77e2\u91cf\u56fe（SVG \u6e32\u67d3\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6e05 PNG），\u5168\u90e8\u4e2d\u6587\u6807\u6ce8，\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55 AI \u751f\u6210\u6c34\u5370\/logo\/\u89d2\u6807；\u5b57\u53f7\u5c42\u7ea7\u7edf\u4e00（\u6807\u9898 15\u201316px \/ \u6b63\u6587 12\u201313px \/ \u6ce8\u91ca 10\u201311px），\u5df2\u9010\u5f20\u89c6\u89c9\u8d28\u68c0：\u65e0\u4e71\u7801\u3001\u65e0\u91cd\u53e0\u3001\u65e0\u8fde\u7ebf\u538b\u5b57\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd（\u56db）：\u76f2\u76ee\u641c\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u3001\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u4e0e\u8fed\u4ee3\u52a0\u6df1\u7cfb\u5217：AI \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 \u00b7 \u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u6559\u6750
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