{"id":96610,"date":"2026-08-28T00:48:26","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T16:48:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/96610.html"},"modified":"2026-08-28T00:48:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T16:48:26","slug":"%e3%80%90%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e7%b2%be%e8%ae%b2%e3%80%912-%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%99%e5%9f%ba%e7%9f%b3%ef%bc%9asolid-%e4%b8%8e%e5%87%a0%e6%9d%a1%e5%85%b3%e9%94%ae%e5%8e%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/96610.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7cbe\u8bb2\u30112. \u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u57fa\u77f3\uff1aSOLID \u4e0e\u51e0\u6761\u5173\u952e\u539f\u5219"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7cbe\u8bb2\u3011\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u57fa\u77f3：SOLID \u4e0e\u51e0\u6761\u5173\u952e\u539f\u5219<\/h2>\n

\u3010\u6458\u8981\u3011：\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u62a5\u8868\u52a0\u6c34\u5370\u201d\u7684\u9700\u6c42，\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u7275\u8fde\u6e32\u67d3\u3001\u5bfc\u51fa\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5？\u95ee\u9898\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5，\u800c\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u5728\u6e05\u6670\u8fb9\u754c\u5185\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ee5 C++ \u574f\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u6539\u8fdb\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u7167，\u8bb2\u6e05 SOLID \u4e94\u6761\u539f\u5219：\u5355\u4e00\u804c\u8d23\u5173\u6ce8\u53d8\u5316\u539f\u56e0，\u5f00\u95ed\u539f\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u6269\u5c55\u70b9，\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u7ef4\u62a4\u884c\u4e3a\u5408\u540c，\u63a5\u53e3\u9694\u79bb\u63a7\u5236\u4f9d\u8d56\u9762，\u4f9d\u8d56\u5012\u7f6e\u8ba9\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u9762\u5411\u62bd\u8c61；\u518d\u8865\u5145\u5408\u6210\u590d\u7528\u4e0e\u8fea\u7c73\u7279\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u201d，\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8bf4\u660e\u6bcf\u6761\u539f\u5219\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u8bfb\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u53d6\u820d，\u907f\u514d\u628a\u539f\u5219\u53d8\u6210\u673a\u68b0\u62c6\u7c7b\u6216\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u501f\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3011：SOLID\u3001\u5355\u4e00\u804c\u8d23\u3001\u5f00\u95ed\u539f\u5219\u3001\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u5012\u7f6e\u3001C++<\/p>\n

1. \u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42，\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u70b8\u4e86\u4e03\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u7406\u8bf4：\u201c\u62a5\u8868\u52a0\u4e2a\u6c34\u5370，\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5427？\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5728 Report \u7c7b\u91cc\u6539\u4e86\u6e32\u67d3\u903b\u8f91，\u5bfc\u51fa PDF \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6302\u4e86；\u4fee\u597d PDF，\u4e8c\u5341\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53c8\u7ea2\u4e86；\u6539\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u9694\u58c1\u7ec4\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f，\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e5f\u88ab\u7275\u8fde\u3002\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u9519\u8bed\u6cd5，\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u8bf4\u5f97\u8fc7\u53bb，\u9519\u7684\u662f\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cbf\u7740\u7ed3\u6784\u968f\u610f\u6269\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u7684，\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u600e\u6837\u8ba9\u53d8\u5316\u505c\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f SOLID：\u5355\u4e00\u804c\u8d23\u3001\u5f00\u95ed\u3001\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5012\u7f6e\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5408\u6210\u590d\u7528\u4e0e\u8fea\u7c73\u7279\u6cd5\u5219，\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u9605\u8bfb\u540e\u7eed\u6a21\u5f0f\u7bc7\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u7684\u62db\u5f0f，\u539f\u5219\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u62db\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u4e92\u76f8\u62c9\u626f，\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u989d\u5916\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u672c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a\u6559\u5b66\u7247\u6bb5；\u91cd\u590d\u7684 #include \u4e0e\u65e0\u5173\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f53\u4f1a\u9002\u5f53\u7701\u7565，\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u7cfb\u5219\u4fdd\u6301\u5b8c\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n

2. S\u2014\u2014\u5355\u4e00\u804c\u8d23\u539f\u5219（SRP）<\/h3>\n

\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd：\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5e94\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u72ec\u7acb\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u53ea\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u201d\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u662f：\u54ea\u4e9b\u9700\u6c42\u4f1a\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u6539\u53d8？\u91c7\u96c6\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u6e32\u67d3\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u6e90，\u5374\u88ab\u585e\u8fdb\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b：<\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <string><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

struct<\/span> Data<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u274c \u4e09\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u6324\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u91cc<\/span>
\nclass<\/span> Report<\/span> {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n Data collect<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>string toHtml<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> Data&<\/span> data)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n void<\/span> save<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> content,<\/span>
\n const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> path)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u62c6\u5206\u4ee5\u540e，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u914d\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u56f4\u7ed5\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u53d8\u5316：<\/p>\n

class<\/span> ReportCollector<\/span> {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n Data collect<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> HtmlRenderer<\/span> {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>string render<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> Data&<\/span> data)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> ReportSaver<\/span> {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n void<\/span> save<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> content,<\/span>
\n const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> path)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u52a0\u6c34\u5370\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd HtmlRenderer；\u6362\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u4e0d\u4f1a\u78b0\u5b58\u50a8\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7c7b\u8d8a\u5c0f\u8d8a\u597d\u201d，\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u4e0d\u540c\u53d8\u5316\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u843d\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u804c\u8d23\u603b\u662f\u4e00\u8d77\u6539\u53d8，\u5f3a\u884c\u62c6\u5f00\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u5236\u9020\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\u3002<\/p>\n

3. O\u2014\u2014\u5f00\u95ed\u539f\u5219（OCP）<\/h3>\n

\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd：\u5bf9\u9884\u671f\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5f00\u653e，\u8ba9\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u56e0\u65b0\u589e\u53d8\u4f53\u800c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c 1 \u7bc7\u7684 calcPrice \u628a\u8ba2\u5355\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u9009\u62e9\u5199\u8fdb\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570，\u6bcf\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u79cd\u6298\u6263\u90fd\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u5df2\u6709\u5206\u652f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6837\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n

struct<\/span> BadShape<\/span> {<\/span>
\n enum<\/span> class<\/span> Kind<\/span> {<\/span> Circle,<\/span> Rect }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n Kind kind;<\/span>
\n double<\/span> r,<\/span> w,<\/span> h;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

double<\/span> area<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> BadShape&<\/span> s)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>s.<\/span>kind ==<\/span> BadShape::<\/span>Kind::<\/span>Circle)<\/span>
\n return<\/span> 3.14159265358979<\/span> *<\/span> s.<\/span>r *<\/span> s.<\/span>r;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>s.<\/span>kind ==<\/span> BadShape::<\/span>Kind::<\/span>Rect)<\/span>
\n return<\/span> s.<\/span>w *<\/span> s.<\/span>h;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u201c\u5f62\u72b6\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u201d\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u65b9\u5411，\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9762\u79ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u505a\u6210\u6269\u5c55\u70b9：<\/p>\n

class<\/span> Shape<\/span> {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> ~<\/span>Shape<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> default<\/span>;<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> double<\/span> area<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> const<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> Circle<\/span> final<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> Shape {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n explicit<\/span> Circle<\/span>(<\/span>double<\/span> r)<\/span> :<\/span> r_<\/span>(<\/span>r)<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span>
\n double<\/span> area<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> const<\/span> override<\/span> {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> 3.14159265358979<\/span> *<\/span> r_ *<\/span> r_;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\nprivate<\/span>:<\/span>
\n double<\/span> r_;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> Rect<\/span> final<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> Shape {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n Rect<\/span>(<\/span>double<\/span> w,<\/span> double<\/span> h)<\/span> :<\/span> w_<\/span>(<\/span>w)<\/span>,<\/span> h_<\/span>(<\/span>h)<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span>
\n double<\/span> area<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> const<\/span> override<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> w_ *<\/span> h_;<\/span> }<\/span>
\nprivate<\/span>:<\/span>
\n double<\/span> w_,<\/span> h_;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65b0\u589e\u5f62\u72b6\u65f6，\u6838\u5fc3\u9762\u79ef\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6539\u53d8，\u4f46\u6ce8\u518c\u3001\u5de5\u5382\u6216\u7ec4\u88c5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u5165\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u3002OCP \u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u8001\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u201d，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u65b0\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ea\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u65b0\u8def\u5f84；\u5171\u4eab\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u96c6\u6210\u8fb9\u754c\u4ecd\u8981\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f：\u5148\u8bc6\u522b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8f74，\u518d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5df2\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u53d8\u5316\u5c1a\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\u5c31\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u9884\u7559\u63a5\u53e3，\u540c\u6837\u662f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u8bfb：\u53ea\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u7b26\u5408 OCP\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a，\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u5411\u9009\u9519\u4ee5\u540e，\u7ee7\u627f\u53ea\u4f1a\u628a\u9519\u8bef\u56fa\u5b9a\u5f97\u66f4\u6df1\u3002\u5047\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ecf\u5e38\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5f62\u72b6，\u800c\u662f\u201c\u5bfc\u51fa\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u7ed8\u5236\u201d\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c，\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0 Shape \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f00\u95ed\u539f\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u56f4\u7ed5\u771f\u5b9e\u53d8\u5316\u8f74\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u4e0d\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u4e1a\u52a1\u5386\u53f2\u51ed\u7a7a\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n

4. L\u2014\u2014\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u5219（LSP）<\/h3>\n

\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd：\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u66ff\u6362\u57fa\u7c7b\u540e，\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u4ecd\u7136\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ee7\u627f\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u540d\u5b57\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u50cf\u201d，\u800c\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u66ff\u6362\u201d\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u53cd\u4f8b\u662f\u8ba9\u53ef\u53d8\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u65b9\u5f62：<\/p>\n

class<\/span> Rectangle<\/span> {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> ~<\/span>Rectangle<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> default<\/span>;<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> void<\/span> setW<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> w)<\/span> {<\/span> w_ =<\/span> w;<\/span> }<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> void<\/span> setH<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> h)<\/span> {<\/span> h_ =<\/span> h;<\/span> }<\/span>
\n int<\/span> area<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> const<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> w_ *<\/span> h_;<\/span> }<\/span>
\nprotected<\/span>:<\/span>
\n int<\/span> w_ =<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> h_ =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> Square<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> Rectangle<\/span><\/span> {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n void<\/span> setW<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> w)<\/span> override<\/span> {<\/span> w_ =<\/span> h_ =<\/span> w;<\/span> }<\/span>
\n void<\/span> setH<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> h)<\/span> override<\/span> {<\/span> w_ =<\/span> h_ =<\/span> h;<\/span> }<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> resize<\/span>(<\/span>Rectangle&<\/span> r)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n r.<\/span>setW<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n r.<\/span>setH<\/span>(<\/span>4<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ Rectangle \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9884\u671f\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a 12，<\/span>
\n \/\/ Square \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5374\u5f97\u5230 16\u3002<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7834\u574f\u7684\u662f\u201c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5bbd\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u3002\u5408\u540c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u90e8\u5206：\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u82db\u523b\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6，\u5fc5\u987b\u5151\u73b0\u57fa\u7c7b\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c，\u8fd8\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u57fa\u7c7b\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6362\u4e00\u79cd\u7ee7\u627f\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9 Rectangle \u4e0e Square \u6210\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7c7b\u578b，\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b area() \u7684\u62bd\u8c61；\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u51e0\u4f55\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u503c，\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5efa\u7acb\u5408\u6cd5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5224\u65ad is-a \u65f6，\u5e94\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u51c6，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7167\u642c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

LSP \u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ea\u7ea6\u675f\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5982\u679c\u7a81\u7136\u8981\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3001\u629b\u51fa\u57fa\u7c7b\u4ece\u672a\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u5f02\u5e38，\u6216\u8005\u6084\u6084\u6539\u53d8\u8d44\u6e90\u6240\u6709\u6743，\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u66ff\u6362\u6027\u3002\u6700\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5，\u662f\u628a\u539f\u672c\u53ea\u9488\u5bf9\u57fa\u7c7b\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e0a；\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3a\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u800c\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5206\u652f，\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

5. I\u2014\u2014\u63a5\u53e3\u9694\u79bb\u539f\u5219（ISP）<\/h3>\n

\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd：\u4e0d\u8981\u5f3a\u8feb\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b83\u7528\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

struct<\/span> Doc<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u274c \u8001\u6253\u5370\u673a\u88ab\u8feb\u5b9e\u73b0\u626b\u63cf\u548c\u4f20\u771f<\/span>
\nstruct<\/span> Machine<\/span> {<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> ~<\/span>Machine<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> default<\/span>;<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> void<\/span> print<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> Doc&<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> void<\/span> scan<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> Doc&<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> void<\/span> fax<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> Doc&<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6309\u89d2\u8272\u62c6\u5206\u540e，\u8bbe\u5907\u53ea\u9009\u62e9\u771f\u6b63\u652f\u6301\u7684\u80fd\u529b：<\/p>\n

struct<\/span> IPrinter<\/span> {<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> ~<\/span>IPrinter<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> default<\/span>;<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> void<\/span> print<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> Doc&<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

struct<\/span> IScanner<\/span> {<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> ~<\/span>IScanner<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> default<\/span>;<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> void<\/span> scan<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> Doc&<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

struct<\/span> MultiMachine<\/span> :<\/span> IPrinter<\/span>,<\/span> IScanner<\/span><\/span> {<\/span>
\n void<\/span> print<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> Doc&<\/span>)<\/span> override<\/span>;<\/span>
\n void<\/span> scan<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> Doc&<\/span>)<\/span> override<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

C++ \u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684 interface \u5173\u952e\u5b57；\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u5199\u6cd5\u4e2d，\u63a5\u53e3\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4ee5\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3001\u5e26\u865a\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u6a21\u677f\u7ea6\u675f\u548c C++20 Concepts \u4e5f\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u91c7\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u673a\u5236，ISP \u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u9762：\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u51fa\u73b0\u6210\u7247\u7a7a\u5b9e\u73b0，\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u56e0\u65e0\u5173\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1，\u90fd\u662f\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u80fd\u8fc7\u80d6\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u53e3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u62c6\u5f97\u8d8a\u788e\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u57fa\u7c7b，\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u62fc\u88c5\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5bf9\u8c61，\u534f\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5408\u7406\u7c92\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u89d2\u8272：\u6253\u5370\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f9d\u8d56\u6253\u5370\u80fd\u529b，\u626b\u63cf\u6d41\u7a0b\u4f9d\u8d56\u626b\u63cf\u80fd\u529b，\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5151\u73b0\u4e24\u4efd\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

6. D\u2014\u2014\u4f9d\u8d56\u5012\u7f6e\u539f\u5219（DIP）<\/h3>\n

\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd：\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u4f4e\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u90fd\u9762\u5411\u7a33\u5b9a\u62bd\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u62a5\u8b66\u4e1a\u52a1\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u5efa MySQL \u65e5\u5fd7\u5668，\u5c31\u628a\u201c\u4f55\u65f6\u62a5\u8b66\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5199\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u201d\u710a\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77：<\/p>\n

class<\/span> MySQLLogger<\/span> {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n void<\/span> write<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> text)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> BadAlarm<\/span> {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n void<\/span> trigger<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n MySQLLogger log;<\/span>
\n log.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>"alarm!"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6b63\u540e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b，MySQLLogger \u660e\u786e\u5b9e\u73b0 ILogger，\u7ec4\u88c5\u5904\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u628a\u5177\u4f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ea4\u7ed9 Alarm：<\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <memory><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <string><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <utility><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

struct<\/span> ILogger<\/span> {<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> ~<\/span>ILogger<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> default<\/span>;<\/span>
\n virtual<\/span> void<\/span> write<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> text)<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> MySQLLogger<\/span> final<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> ILogger {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n void<\/span> write<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> text)<\/span> override<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> Alarm<\/span> {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n explicit<\/span> Alarm<\/span>(<\/span>std::<\/span>shared_ptr<<\/span>ILogger><\/span> log)<\/span>
\n :<\/span> log_<\/span>(<\/span>std::<\/span>move<\/span>(<\/span>log)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> trigger<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> log_-><\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>"alarm!"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> }<\/span>
\nprivate<\/span>:<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>shared_ptr<<\/span>ILogger><\/span> log_;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

auto<\/span> alarm =<\/span> std::<\/span>make_shared<\/span><<\/span>Alarm><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>make_shared<\/span><<\/span>MySQLLogger><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u5012\u7f6e\u201d\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u65b9\u5411\u4ece\u201c\u9ad8\u5c42\u6307\u5411\u5177\u4f53\u4f4e\u5c42\u201d\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e0e\u4f4e\u5c42\u5171\u540c\u4f9d\u8d56\u62bd\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u4f20\u5165，\u5219\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165，\u5b83\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0 DIP \u7684\u5e38\u7528\u624b\u6bb5，\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528 shared_ptr \u8868\u793a\u5171\u4eab\u6240\u6709\u6743，\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6ce8\u5165\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002ILogger& \u8868\u793a Alarm \u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u5668，\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5176\u5bff\u547d；unique_ptr<ILogger> \u8868\u793a\u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u6743；\u53ea\u6709\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u5171\u540c\u5ef6\u957f\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u65f6\u624d\u4f7f\u7528 shared_ptr\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u660e\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n

7. \u4e24\u6761\u5173\u952e\u8865\u5145：\u5408\u6210\u590d\u7528\u4e0e\u8fea\u7c73\u7279<\/h3>\n

7.1 \u5408\u6210\u590d\u7528：\u4f18\u5148\u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f53\u96f6\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408<\/h4>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u590d\u7528 FileLogger::write() \u800c\u7ee7\u627f\u6587\u4ef6\u65e5\u5fd7\u5668，\u4f1a\u628a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u65e5\u5fd7\u5668\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u65e5\u5fd7\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u201d，\u5e76\u53d7\u5176\u5168\u90e8\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56 ILogger，\u628a\u4efb\u610f\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec4\u5408\u8fdb\u6765：<\/p>\n

class<\/span> FileLogger<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> ILogger<\/span><\/span> {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n void<\/span> write<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> text)<\/span> override<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> TimestampLogger<\/span> final<\/span> :<\/span> public<\/span> ILogger {<\/span>
\npublic<\/span>:<\/span>
\n explicit<\/span> TimestampLogger<\/span>(<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>unique_ptr<<\/span>ILogger><\/span> inner)<\/span>
\n :<\/span> inner_<\/span>(<\/span>std::<\/span>move<\/span>(<\/span>inner)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> write<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> text)<\/span> override<\/span> {<\/span>
\n inner_-><\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>"[ts] "<\/span> +<\/span> text)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\nprivate<\/span>:<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>unique_ptr<<\/span>ILogger><\/span> inner_;<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5207\u7247，\u8fd8\u80fd\u5728\u7ec4\u88c5\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65e5\u5fd7\u5668\u3002\u6ce8\u610f，\u7ec4\u5408\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u7b49\u4e8e\u53ef\u66ff\u6362：\u5982\u679c\u6210\u5458\u6309\u503c\u5199\u6b7b\u4e3a FileLogger，\u4ecd\u7136\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u62bd\u8c61\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u6216\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u6ce8\u5165，\u66ff\u6362\u80fd\u529b\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u7b2c 12 \u7bc7\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u548c\u7b2c 16 \u7bc7\u6865\u63a5\u4f1a\u53cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u6761\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

7.2 \u8fea\u7c73\u7279\u6cd5\u5219：\u5c11\u4e86\u89e3\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5bfc\u822a\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n

\/\/ \u274c \u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u77e5\u9053\u8ba2\u5355\u5185\u90e8\u8fde\u7eed\u4e09\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>
\nstd::<\/span>string city =<\/span>
\n order.<\/span>customer<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>address<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>city<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u2705 \u7531\u8ba2\u5355\u63d0\u4f9b\u9762\u5411\u4e1a\u52a1\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u67e5\u8be2<\/span>
\nstd::<\/span>string city =<\/span> order.<\/span>customerCity<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fea\u7c73\u7279\u6cd5\u5219\u5e38\u88ab\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u201c\u53ea\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u670b\u53cb\u8bf4\u8bdd\u201d\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u8b66\u60d5\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u94fe\u5f0f\u8bed\u6cd5，\u800c\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6d41\u5f0f API\u3001\u503c\u5bf9\u8c61\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u70b9，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u8fdd\u89c4\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u662f：\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u65f6，\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u8feb\u8ddf\u7740\u6539；\u5c01\u88c5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e1a\u52a1\u610f\u56fe，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u642c\u8fd0\u4e00\u6761\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n

8. \u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u820d<\/h3>\n

\u539f\u5219\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6536\u76ca，\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86 OCP \u62bd\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3，\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u91cf；\u4e3a\u4e86 SRP \u62c6\u5206\u7c7b，\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e00\u6b21\u7b80\u5355\u8c03\u7528\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61；\u4e3a\u4e86 DIP \u5f15\u5165\u95f4\u63a5\u5c42，\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u95ee：\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5b9e\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7？\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u5426\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u65e0\u5173\u6a21\u5757？\u62bd\u8c61\u80fd\u5426\u7528\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b88\u4f4f？<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684，\u4fdd\u6301\u7b80\u5355\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u5316\u9891\u7e41\u4e14\u4f20\u64ad\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927，\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3b\u52a8\u5efa\u7acb\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u539f\u5219\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5728\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u6539\u9020\u6210\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848\u201d，\u800c\u5728\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d6\u820d\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u539f\u5219\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u5178\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u6a21\u5f0f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
SRP<\/td>\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u51e0\u7c7b\u53d8\u5316？<\/td>\n\u5916\u89c2\u3001\u4ee3\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCP<\/td>\n\u65b0\u53d8\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u603b\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u6838\u5fc3？<\/td>\n\u5de5\u5382\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3001\u7b56\u7565<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LSP<\/td>\n\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u662f\u5426\u5b88\u4f4f\u884c\u4e3a\u5408\u540c？<\/td>\n\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5de5\u5382\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ISP<\/td>\n\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u662f\u5426\u4f9d\u8d56\u65e0\u5173\u80fd\u529b？<\/td>\n\u9002\u914d\u5668\u3001\u6865\u63a5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIP<\/td>\n\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5426\u4f9d\u8d56\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282？<\/td>\n\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3001\u7b56\u7565<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5408\u6210\u590d\u7528<\/td>\n\u80fd\u5426\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u66ff\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f？<\/td>\n\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3001\u6865\u63a5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8fea\u7c73\u7279<\/td>\n\u662f\u5426\u6cc4\u9732\u4e86\u5185\u90e8\u534f\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84？<\/td>\n\u5916\u89c2\u3001\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u5178\u578b\u5173\u8054，\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u540c\u65f6\u4f53\u73b0\u591a\u6761\u539f\u5219，\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u7ea6\u675f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u727a\u7272\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n

9. \u628a\u539f\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u6b21\u771f\u5b9e\u91cd\u6784<\/h3>\n

\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u6bb5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u65e7\u4ee3\u7801，\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u628a\u4e03\u6761\u539f\u5219\u5168\u90e8\u201c\u5957\u201d\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002\u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5148\u627e\u53d8\u5316，\u518d\u505a\u6700\u5c0f\u5207\u5272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65，\u67e5\u770b\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u6b21\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u7f3a\u9677，\u6807\u51fa\u603b\u88ab\u4e00\u8d77\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6bd4\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u672a\u6765\u9700\u6c42\u66f4\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u771f\u5b9e\u53d8\u5316\u8f74\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65，\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4e3a\u8865\u4e0a\u6d4b\u8bd5，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u62a4\u680f，\u7ed3\u6784\u91cd\u6392\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u91cd\u6784\u53d8\u6210\u529f\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65，\u53ea\u9694\u79bb\u6700\u75bc\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u53d8\u5316：\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u628a\u6e32\u67d3\u4ece\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u62c6\u51fa，\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u628a\u5177\u4f53\u65e5\u5fd7\u5668\u4ece\u62a5\u8b66\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d\u79fb\u8d70\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65，\u68c0\u67e5\u65b0\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u6240\u6709\u6743，\u786e\u8ba4\u62bd\u8c61\u6ca1\u6709\u6cc4\u9732\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0，\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b65，\u518d\u7528\u672c\u7bc7\u4e03\u6761\u539f\u5219\u590d\u76d8：\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u5426\u56f4\u7ed5\u53d8\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7，\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u80fd\u5426\u66ff\u6362，\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u5173\u80fd\u529b，\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u77e5\u9053\u8fc7\u591a\u5185\u90e8\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u987a\u5e8f\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u597d\u5904：\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e，\u4e5f\u80fd\u968f\u65f6\u505c\u5728\u4ecd\u7136\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u6700\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6765\u7f29\u5c0f\u4fee\u6539\u8303\u56f4，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u63a8\u5411\u6700\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u7bc7\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • SRP \u7ba1\u53d8\u5316\u539f\u56e0，OCP \u7ba1\u6269\u5c55\u70b9，LSP \u7ba1\u7ee7\u627f\u5408\u540c，ISP \u7ba1\u4f9d\u8d56\u9762，DIP \u7ba1\u4f9d\u8d56\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5408\u6210\u590d\u7528\u5f3a\u8c03\u901a\u8fc7\u62bd\u8c61\u7ec4\u5408\u80fd\u529b；\u8fea\u7c73\u7279\u6cd5\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5185\u90e8\u5bfc\u822a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u539f\u5219\u662f\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53d6\u820d\u7684\u5de5\u5177，\u4e0d\u662f\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60 UML，\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u804c\u8d23\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u534f\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u753b\u6210\u56e2\u961f\u90fd\u80fd\u8bfb\u61c2\u7684\u56fe\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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