![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260827083215-6a8ff60fac277.png\")
<\/p>\n\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001DDL \u57fa\u7840\u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n
1.1 DDL \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n
1.2 DDL \u8bed\u53e5\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n
1.3 \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce<\/p>\n
1.3.1 \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
1.3.2 \u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u5dee\u5f02<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u57fa\u7840 DDL \u8bed\u53e5\u8be6\u89e3<\/p>\n
2.1 \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0e\u8868<\/p>\n
2.1.1 \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
2.1.2 \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/p>\n
2.2 \u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n
2.2.1 \u6dfb\u52a0\u5217<\/p>\n
2.2.2 \u4fee\u6539\u5217\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n
2.2.3 \u5220\u9664\u5217<\/p>\n
2.2.4 \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u8868<\/p>\n
2.3 \u5220\u9664\u4e0e\u6e05\u7a7a\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
2.3.1 \u5220\u9664\u8868<\/p>\n
2.3.2 \u6e05\u7a7a\u8868\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n
3.1 \u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6<\/p>\n
3.1.1 \u4e3b\u952e\u7ea6\u675f<\/p>\n
3.1.2 \u5916\u952e\u7ea6\u675f<\/p>\n
3.1.3 \u552f\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f<\/p>\n
3.1.4 \u68c0\u67e5\u7ea6\u675f（MySQL 8.0+）<\/p>\n
3.2 \u7d22\u5f15\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n
3.2.1 \u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n
3.2.2 \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n
3.2.3 \u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7d22\u5f15（MySQL 8.0+）<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u4e0e\u5206\u533a\u8868<\/p>\n
4.1 \u89c6\u56fe\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
4.1.1 \u521b\u5efa\u89c6\u56fe<\/p>\n
4.1.2 \u4fee\u6539\u89c6\u56fe<\/p>\n
4.1.3 \u5220\u9664\u89c6\u56fe<\/p>\n
4.2 \u5206\u533a\u8868<\/p>\n
4.2.1 \u521b\u5efa\u5206\u533a\u8868<\/p>\n
4.2.2 \u4fee\u6539\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n
4.2.3 \u5220\u9664\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e DDL \u539f\u5b50\u6027<\/p>\n
5.1 DDL \u4e0e\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n
5.2 \u539f\u5b50 DDL \u7279\u6027<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7 DDL \u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n
6.1 \u5728\u7ebf DDL（Online DDL）<\/p>\n
6.1.1 \u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n
6.1.2 \u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n
6.2 \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n
6.2.1 \u62c6\u5206\u5927\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
6.2.2 \u5ef6\u8fdf\u7d22\u5f15\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n
6.2.3 \u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u8c03\u4f18<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n
7.1 DDL \u6743\u9650\u5206\u914d<\/p>\n
7.1.1 \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u6388\u6743<\/p>\n
7.1.2 \u56de\u6536\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n
7.2 \u5b89\u5168\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n
8.1 DDL \u6267\u884c\u7f13\u6162<\/p>\n
8.2 \u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\u51b2\u7a81<\/p>\n
8.3 \u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5236\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u4e0e\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u63a8\u8350<\/p>\n
10.1 \u5728\u7ebf DDL \u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n
10.2 \u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
DDL（Data Definition Language，\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u8a00）\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61（\u5982\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u7b49）\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u89c1 DDL \u8bed\u53e5\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n
MySQL \u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b，\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4f18\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd：<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u540c\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u5bf9 DDL \u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c：<\/p>\n
CREATE DATABASE mydatabase CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;<\/p>\n
CREATE TABLE users (
\n id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
\n username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
\n email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE,
\n age INT CHECK (age > 0),
\n created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
\n);<\/p>\n
ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN address VARCHAR(255);<\/p>\n
ALTER TABLE users MODIFY COLUMN address VARCHAR(500);<\/p>\n
ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN address;<\/p>\n
RENAME TABLE users TO customers;<\/p>\n
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users;<\/p>\n
TRUNCATE TABLE users;<\/p>\n
ALTER TABLE users ADD PRIMARY KEY (id);<\/p>\n
ALTER TABLE orders ADD CONSTRAINT fk_user_id FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id);<\/p>\n
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_email ON users(email);<\/p>\n
ALTER TABLE users ADD CHECK (age > 0);<\/p>\n
— \u666e\u901a\u7d22\u5f15
\nCREATE INDEX idx_name ON users(name);
\n— \u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15
\nCREATE FULLTEXT INDEX idx_content ON articles(content);<\/p>\n
DROP INDEX idx_name ON users;<\/p>\n
ALTER TABLE users ALTER INDEX idx_name INVISIBLE;<\/p>\n
CREATE VIEW adult_users AS
\nSELECT id, name, email FROM users WHERE age > 18;<\/p>\n
ALTER VIEW adult_users AS
\nSELECT id, name FROM users WHERE age > 21;<\/p>\n
DROP VIEW IF EXISTS adult_users;<\/p>\n
CREATE TABLE sales (
\n sale_id INT,
\n sale_date DATE
\n) PARTITION BY RANGE (YEAR(sale_date)) (
\n PARTITION p2020 VALUES LESS THAN (2021),
\n PARTITION p2021 VALUES LESS THAN (2022),
\n PARTITION p2022 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
\n);<\/p>\n
ALTER TABLE sales REORGANIZE PARTITION p2022 INTO (
\n PARTITION p2022 VALUES LESS THAN (2023),
\n PARTITION p2023 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
\n);<\/p>\n
ALTER TABLE sales DROP PARTITION p2020;<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u6267\u884c DDL，\u5141\u8bb8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n
ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN new_col INT ALGORITHM=INPLACE, LOCK=NONE;<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u590d\u6742 DDL \u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6b65\u9aa4，\u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u65f6\u95f4：<\/p>\n
— \u5148\u6dfb\u52a0\u5217，\u518d\u586b\u5145\u6570\u636e
\nALTER TABLE orders ADD COLUMN new_col INT;
\nUPDATE orders SET new_col = 0;
\nALTER TABLE orders ALTER COLUMN new_col SET NOT NULL;<\/p>\n
\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e，\u518d\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u7ade\u4e89：<\/p>\n
CREATE TABLE tmp_orders LIKE orders;
\nINSERT INTO tmp_orders SELECT * FROM orders;
\nDROP TABLE orders;
\nRENAME TABLE tmp_orders TO orders;
\nCREATE INDEX idx_order_date ON orders(order_date);<\/p>\n
CREATE USER 'ddl_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
\nGRANT CREATE, ALTER, DROP ON mydatabase.* TO 'ddl_user'@'localhost';<\/p>\n
REVOKE ALTER ON mydatabase.* FROM 'ddl_user'@'localhost';<\/p>\n
| \u539f\u5b50 DDL<\/td>\n | \u4e0d\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n | \u4e0d\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n | \u652f\u6301（InnoDB）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| Online DDL<\/td>\n | \u90e8\u5206\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n | \u589e\u5f3a\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n | \u5168\u9762\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| INSTANT \u7b97\u6cd5<\/td>\n | \u4e0d\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n | \u4e0d\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n | \u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| \u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>\n | \u4e0d\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n | \u4e0d\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n | \u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| \u964d\u5e8f\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>\n | \u8bed\u6cd5\u652f\u6301\u4f46\u65e0\u6548<\/td>\n | \u8bed\u6cd5\u652f\u6301\u4f46\u65e0\u6548<\/td>\n | \u5b9e\u9645\u964d\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n \u5341\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u63a8\u8350<\/h3>\n
|