![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260816024912-6a8125286f807.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875：GeekZHR\u00a0 \u00a0\u6b22\u8fce\u5404\u4f4d\u5927\u4f6c\u4e92\u4e09<\/span><\/p>\n 25\u7ea7\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5de5\u7a0bN\u975e\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u5728\u8bfb，\u81ea\u5b66C\/C++，\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49ing<\/span><\/p>\n \u6b22\u8fce\u5404\u4f4d\u5927\u4f6c\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u4e92\u52a8\u4ea4\u6d41<\/span><\/p>\n \u5199\u5728\u524d\u9762：\u524d\u4e94\u8bb2"\u7559\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4"，\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u8865\u4e0a<\/p>\n \u524d\u4e94\u8bb2，\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8def\u4ece"\u5730\u5740 == \u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf"，\u8bb2\u5230"\u6570\u7ec4\u540d == \u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5730\u5740"，\u518d\u5230"\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u3001\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7b14\u8bd5\u9898"，\u628a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u5185\u5bb9\u57fa\u672c\u8d70\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9，\u7cfb\u5217\u91cc\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7559\u4e86\u4f0f\u7b14\u3001\u6ca1\u6765\u5f97\u53ca\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u6307\u9488(4)\u91cc\u63d0\u8fc7\u4e00\u53e5"void* \u5728\u5185\u5b58\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u600e\u4e48\u7528"，\u6307\u9488(3)\u91cc\u4e5f\u63d0\u8fc7\u4e00\u53e5"\u590d\u6742\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53f3\u5de6\u6cd5\u5219\u600e\u4e48\u8bfb"\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f，\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6574\u5757\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406（malloc\/free），\u524d\u4e94\u8bb2\u538b\u6839\u6ca1\u78b0，\u800c\u5b83\u6070\u6070\u662f\u9762\u8bd5\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u9879\u76ee\u91cc\u6307\u9488\u6700"\u8981\u547d"\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8865\u5145\u7bc7，\u6211\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u4e09\u5757\u76f2\u533a\u4e00\u6b21\u8865\u9f50：\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406 \u2192 mem \u7cfb\u5217\u5185\u5b58\u51fd\u6570 \u2192 \u590d\u6742\u6307\u9488\u58f0\u660e，\u914d\u597d\u56fe，\u4e89\u53d6\u7ed9\u6307\u9488\u7cfb\u5217\u771f\u6b63\u753b\u4e0a\u53e5\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u8fc7\u7684\u53d8\u91cf，\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf（\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u5b9a\u4e49），\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9：\u5927\u5c0f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5c31\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002\u53ef\u771f\u5b9e\u9879\u76ee\u91cc，\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709"\u6570\u7ec4\u591a\u5927，\u8981\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u624d\u77e5\u9053"\u7684\u573a\u666f\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165，\u4e8b\u5148\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n \u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u6210\u8fd9\u4e48\u51e0\u4e2a\u533a（\u4e0d\u540c\u5e73\u53f0\u53eb\u6cd5\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02，\u6293\u4f4f\u672c\u8d28\u5373\u53ef）：<\/p>\n 🔑 \u5173\u952e\u533a\u5206：\u6808\u4e0a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f"\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1"，\u5806\u4e0a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f"\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1"\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d，\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5806\u533a\u4e0a\u624b\u52a8\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u624d\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n malloc \u5728\u5806\u4e0a\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u5757\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4，\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b：<\/p>\n void* malloc(size_t size); \/\/ \u53c2\u6570：\u8981\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/p>\n free \u7528\u6765\u91ca\u653e malloc\/calloc\/realloc \u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4：<\/p>\n void free(void* ptr); \/\/ \u91ca\u653e ptr \u6307\u5411\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n \u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u4f8b\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u7533\u8bf7 10 \u4e2a int，\u7528\u5b8c\u91ca\u653e：<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h> int main() int i = 0; for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) free(p); \/\/ \u7528\u5b8c\u91ca\u653e \u4e24\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u8981\u70b9：<\/p>\n 🔑 \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd：malloc \u548c free \u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u5bf9\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e\u662f"\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f"，\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u4e0d\u7f6e NULL \u662f"\u91ce\u6307\u9488"\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n calloc \u4e5f\u662f\u7533\u8bf7\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58，\u539f\u578b：<\/p>\n void* calloc(size_t num, size_t size); \/\/ num \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20，\u6bcf\u4e2a size \u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n \u5b83\u548c malloc \u7684\u533a\u522b\u6709\u4e24\u5904：\u4e00\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u62c6\u6210\u4e86"\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570 \u00d7 \u5355\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f"，\u4e8c\u662f\u7533\u8bf7\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a 0\u3002<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h> 🔑 \u9009\u62e9：\u9700\u8981"\u7533\u8bf7\u5b8c\u5c31\u662f 0"\u7684\u573a\u666f（\u6bd4\u5982\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3001\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u6570\u7ec4），\u7528 calloc \u66f4\u7701\u4e8b；\u5426\u5219 malloc \u5c31\u884c（malloc \u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48）\u3002<\/p>\n \u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7533\u8bf7\u5c0f\u4e86，\u540e\u9762\u60f3\u6269\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u7528 realloc：<\/p>\n void* realloc(void* ptr, size_t size); \/\/ \u628a ptr \u6307\u5411\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u8c03\u6574\u6210 size \u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n \u5b83\u505a\u7684\u4e8b：\u5728 ptr \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a，\u628a\u7a7a\u95f4\u8c03\u6574\u5230 size \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5751：<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h> \/\/ \u6269\u5bb9\u5230 10 \u4e2a，\u7528\u4e34\u65f6\u6307\u9488 tmp \u63a5 for (int i = 5; i < 10; i++) p[i] = i; \/\/ \u540e\u9762 5 \u4e2a\u4e5f\u586b\u4e0a free(p); \u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u90fd\u88ab\u95ee\u8fc7，\u52a1\u5fc5\u4e00\u6761\u6761\u5bf9\u7167\u6392\u67e5：<\/p>\n \u2460 \u5bf9 NULL \u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u2014\u2014\u5fd8\u4e86\u5224\u65ad malloc \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：<\/p>\n int *p = (int*)malloc(1000000000 * sizeof(int)); \u2461 \u8d8a\u754c\u8bbf\u95ee\u2014\u2014\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86 N \u4e2a，\u5374\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230 N \u4e2a\u4e4b\u5916：<\/p>\n int *p = (int*)malloc(10 * sizeof(int)); \u2462 \u5fd8\u8bb0 free（\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f）\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u91cc\u53cd\u590d malloc \u5374\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e：<\/p>\n while (1) \u2463 free \u4e4b\u540e\u6ca1\u7f6e NULL（\u60ac\u5782\u6307\u9488）：<\/p>\n int *p = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)); \u2464 \u91cd\u590d free \u6216 free \u975e\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58：<\/p>\n int a = 10; int *q = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)); 🔑 \u4e94\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u53e3\u8bc0：\u5224 NULL\u3001\u4e0d\u8d8a\u754c\u3001\u8bb0\u5f97 free\u3001free \u540e\u7f6e NULL\u3001\u522b\u91cd\u590d free \u4e5f\u522b free \u6808\u4e0a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a"\u5927\u5c0f\u5f85\u5b9a"\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\u5458，\u53eb\u67d4\u6027\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458，\u5199\u6210 \u7c7b\u578b \u540d[]（\u4e0d\u5199\u5927\u5c0f）：<\/p>\n struct S \u67d4\u6027\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u7528，\u8981\u914d\u5408 malloc \u4e00\u8d77\u628a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7533\u8bf7\u51fa\u6765：<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h> ps->n = 10; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) free(ps); \u597d\u5904：\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u4e00\u5757，free \u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u5168\u91ca\u653e，\u4e0d\u7528\u5206\u5f00\u7ba1；\u4e5f\u907f\u514d\u4e86"\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u91cc\u5199\u6b7b\u5927\u6570\u7ec4"\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n 🔑 \u67d4\u6027\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8981\u70b9：\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u3001\u5fc5\u987b\u5199\u6210 arr[]\u3001\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u5408 malloc \u4e00\u6b21\u7533\u8bf7 sizeof(struct) + n * sizeof(\u5143\u7d20)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u6307\u9488(4)\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86 void*\u2014\u2014"\u5148\u63a5\u4f4f\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5730\u5740"\u3002\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u4ee5 void* \u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u51fd\u6570，\u5c31\u662f void* \u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5b9e\u6218：\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b，\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u90fd\u5728 <string.h> \u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n void* memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, size_t num);<\/p>\n \u628a src \u5f00\u59cb\u7684 num \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282，\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230 dest \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u8fd4\u56de dest\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h> \u81ea\u5df1\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a memcpy，\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f"\u8f6c\u6210 char* \u6309\u5b57\u8282\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u642c"：<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h> memcpy \u7684\u77ed\u677f\u662f\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u5982\u679c dest \u548c src \u6307\u5411\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u6709\u91cd\u53e0，\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u524d\u5f80\u540e\u62f7\u8d1d\u4f1a\u628a"\u8fd8\u6ca1\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u6e90\u6570\u636e"\u5148\u8986\u76d6\u6389，\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u7528 memmove：<\/p>\n void* memmove(void* dest, const void* src, size_t num);<\/p>\n memmove \u4f1a\u5224\u65ad\u62f7\u8d1d\u65b9\u5411，\u4ece\u800c\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u53e0：<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h> \u8fd9\u91cc src（arr）\u548c dest（arr+2）\u6709\u91cd\u53e0，memmove \u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406；\u6362\u6210 memcpy \u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n \u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u952e：\u5f53 dest \u5728 src \u524d\u9762，\u4ece\u524d\u5411\u540e\u62f7\u8d1d；\u5f53 dest \u5728 src \u540e\u9762，\u4ece\u540e\u5411\u524d\u62f7\u8d1d：<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h> 🔑 \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb0\u4f4f：memcpy \u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u53e0，memmove \u5904\u7406\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u62ff\u4e0d\u51c6\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u53e0\u65f6，\u7528 memmove \u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u9760"\u8f6c char* \u6309\u5b57\u8282\u64cd\u4f5c"\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n void* memset(void* ptr, int value, size_t num);<\/p>\n \u628a ptr \u5f00\u59cb\u7684 num \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u8bbe\u6210 value（\u6ce8\u610f\u662f\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u8bbe\u503c，value \u53ea\u53d6\u4f4e 8 \u4f4d）\u3002<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h> \u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n void* my_memset(void* ptr, int value, size_t num) \u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f：memset \u6309\u5b57\u8282\u8bbe\u503c，\u6240\u4ee5\u7528 memset(arr, 1, sizeof(arr)) \u7ed9\u6574\u578b\u6570\u7ec4"\u8bbe\u6210 1"\u662f\u9519\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a int \u7684 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210 0x01，\u7ed3\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f 0x01010101 \u800c\u4e0d\u662f 1\u3002\u7ed9\u6574\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\u6e05\u96f6\u7528 memset(arr, 0, sizeof(arr)) \u6ca1\u95ee\u9898（\u56e0\u4e3a 0 \u7684 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u662f 0）\u3002<\/p>\n int memcmp(const void* ptr1, const void* ptr2, size_t num);<\/p>\n \u6bd4\u8f83 ptr1 \u548c ptr2 \u5f00\u5934\u7684 num \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282，\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u548c strcmp \u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6\u5b9a（p1 – p2 \u7684\u7b26\u53f7）：<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h> \u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n int my_memcmp(const void* ptr1, const void* ptr2, size_t num) 🔑 \u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u56db\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570，\u672c\u8d28\u90fd\u662f"\u8f6c char* + \u6309\u5b57\u8282\u5faa\u73af"\u3002\u770b\u61c2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5957\u8def，void* \u6cdb\u578b\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u5c31\u7b97\u5165\u95e8\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u4f60\u4f20\u7684\u662f int*\u3001char* \u8fd8\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53，\u4e00\u5f8b\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n \u524d\u9762\u51e0\u8bb2，\u6211\u4eec\u89c1\u8fc7 int (*p)[5]\u3001int (*pf)(int,int) \u8fd9\u4e9b，\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u70b9\u7ed5\u4e86\u3002\u53ef\u771f\u5b9e\u4ee3\u7801（\u5c24\u5176\u770b\u5e93\u3001\u770b\u5185\u6838\u3001\u770b\u9762\u8bd5\u9898）\u91cc，\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4"\u5929\u4e66"\u7684，\u6bd4\u5982：<\/p>\n void (*signal(int , void(*)(int)))(int); \u8fd9\u4e00\u8282，\u5c31\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u628a\u4efb\u610f\u590d\u6742\u58f0\u660e\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n \u8bfb\u58f0\u660e\u524d，\u5148\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7（\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4e00\u81f4）：<\/p>\n \u6240\u4ee5 int *p[5] \u91cc p \u5148\u548c [5] \u7ed3\u5408（\u662f\u6570\u7ec4）；int (*p)[5] \u91cc\u62ec\u53f7\u8ba9 p \u5148\u548c * \u7ed3\u5408（\u662f\u6307\u9488）\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u524d\u51e0\u8bb2\u5df2\u7ecf\u53cd\u590d\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n \u53f3\u5de6\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4：\u4ece\u53d8\u91cf\u540d（\u6700\u5185\u5c42\u7684\u540d\u5b57）\u51fa\u53d1，\u5148\u5411\u53f3\u770b，\u9047\u5230 ) \u5c31\u5411\u5de6\u770b，\u9047\u5230 ( \u518d\u5411\u53f3\u770b\u2026\u2026\u50cf"\u4e4b"\u5b57\u5f62\u4e00\u6837\u4ea4\u66ff，\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u5b8c\u6574\u4e2a\u58f0\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n \u5148\u62ff\u4e24\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6765\u7ec3\u624b：<\/p>\n \u4f8b 1：int (*p)[5]<\/p>\n \u8bfb\u4f5c：p \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488，\u6307\u5411"\u6709 5 \u4e2a int \u7684\u6570\u7ec4"（\u5373\u6570\u7ec4\u6307\u9488）\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f8b 2：int (*p[5])(int)<\/p>\n \u8bfb\u4f5c：p \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4，\u6709 5 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f"\u6307\u5411 int \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6307\u9488"（\u5373\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4，\u6307\u9488(3)\u91cc\u7684"\u8f6c\u79fb\u8868"）\u3002<\/p>\n \u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a：<\/p>\n int (*(*p)[5])(int);<\/p>\n \u7528\u53f3\u5de6\u6cd5\u5219\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u62c6：<\/p>\n \u8bfb\u4f5c：p \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488，\u6307\u5411"\u6709 5 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20"\u7684\u6570\u7ec4；\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488，\u6307\u5411"\u53c2\u6570 int\u3001\u8fd4\u56de int"\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n \u5199\u6210\u7c7b\u578b\u5c31\u662f：int (*(*)[5])(int)\u3002\u770b\u7740\u5413\u4eba，\u7528\u53f3\u5de6\u6cd5\u5219"\u4e4b"\u5b57\u5f62\u4e00\u8bfb\u5c31\u901a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n 🔑 \u53f3\u5de6\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u53e3\u8bc0：\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u51fa\u53d1，\u53f3\u5de6\u53f3\u5de6\u4ea4\u66ff\u8d70\u3002\u770b\u5230 [n] \u8bf4"\u6570\u7ec4"，\u770b\u5230 * \u8bf4"\u6307\u9488"，\u770b\u5230 (\u53c2\u6570) \u8bf4"\u51fd\u6570"，\u6700\u540e\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f"\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\/\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b"\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u53f3\u5de6\u6cd5\u5219\u80fd"\u8bfb\u61c2"，\u4f46\u771f\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u6ca1\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u4e00\u5927\u5768\u3002\u66f4\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u7528 typedef \u7ed9\u590d\u6742\u7c7b\u578b\u8d77\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u540d\u5b57（\u6307\u9488(3)\u91cc\u4e5f\u63d0\u8fc7：\u65b0\u540d\u5b57\u8981\u5199\u5728 * \u7684\u53f3\u8fb9）\u3002<\/p>\n \u5148\u770b\u5e93\u91cc\u7684\u7ecf\u5178 signal \u51fd\u6570（\u7528\u6765\u6ce8\u518c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570），\u539f\u578b：<\/p>\n void (*signal(int , void(*)(int)))(int);<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u770b\u57fa\u672c\u61f5\u3002\u7528 typedef \u62c6\u4e24\u6b65：<\/p>\n \/\/ \u7b2c 1 \u6b65：\u628a"\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b void(*)(int)"\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6210 sighandler_t \/\/ \u7b2c 2 \u6b65：signal \u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u2014\u2014\u53c2\u6570\u662f int \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488，\u8fd4\u56de\u4e5f\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488 \u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u61c2：signal \u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7 int \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570（sighandler_t），\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570（\u4e5f\u662f sighandler_t）\u3002<\/p>\n \u518d\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e09\u7ea7\u5d4c\u5957 int (*(*p)[5])(int)，\u7528 typedef \u4e5f\u80fd\u62c6：<\/p>\n typedef int (*pfun_t)(int); \/\/ \u6307\u5411"int -> int"\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b \u4e09\u884c，\u6e05\u695a\u591a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n 🔑 \u590d\u6742\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5fc3\u6cd5：\u8bfb\u7528"\u53f3\u5de6\u6cd5\u5219"，\u5199\u7528"typedef"\u3002\u53f3\u624b\u6cd5\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23"\u770b\u61c2\u5929\u4e66"，typedef \u8d1f\u8d23"\u522b\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u5929\u4e66"\u3002<\/p>\n \u6700\u540e\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u8865\u5145\u7684\u9aa8\u67b6\u62ce\u51fa\u6765：<\/p>\n \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6536\u5c3e：\u6307\u9488\u5b66\u5230\u6df1\u5904，\u5c31\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u5806\u4e0a\u5185\u5b58\u8981"\u624b\u52a8\u7533\u8bf7\u624b\u52a8\u8fd8"\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u51fd\u6570\u8981"\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u64cd\u4f5c"\u3001\u590d\u6742\u58f0\u660e\u8981"\u53f3\u5de6\u6cd5\u5219\u62c6\u7740\u8bfb"；\u628a\u8fd9\u4e09\u5757\u8865\u9f50，\u6307\u9488\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875：GeekZHR\u00a0 \u00a0\u6b22\u8fce\u5404\u4f4d\u5927\u4f6c\u4e92\u4e09![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260816024917-6a81252d0d295.gif\")
<\/p>\n
\n\u4e00\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406（\u6307\u9488 + \u5806）<\/h3>\n
1.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58？\u5148\u5206\u6e05"\u4e09\u4e2a\u533a"<\/h4>\n
\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260816024917-6a81252d24036.png\")
<\/p>\n1.2 malloc \u548c free<\/h4>\n
\n
\n#include <stdlib.h> \/\/ malloc\/free \u5728 stdlib.h \u91cc<\/p>\n
\n{
\n int *p = (int*)malloc(10 * sizeof(int)); \/\/ \u7533\u8bf7 10 \u4e2a int \u7684\u7a7a\u95f4
\n if (p == NULL) \/\/ \u5148\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u7533\u8bf7\u6210\u529f
\n {
\n perror("malloc");
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n
\n for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
\n p[i] = i + 1; \/\/ \u5f53\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\u7528<\/p>\n
\n printf("%d ", p[i]);<\/p>\n
\n p = NULL; \/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u540e\u7f6e NULL，\u9632\u6b62\u91ce\u6307\u9488
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n1.3 calloc（\u7533\u8bf7 + \u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u96f6）<\/h4>\n
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\nint main()
\n{
\n int *p = (int*)calloc(10, sizeof(int)); \/\/ \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e 10 \u4e2a int，\u4e14\u5168\u88ab\u7f6e 0
\n if (p == NULL)
\n return 1;
\n \/\/ \u6b64\u65f6 p[0] ~ p[9] \u5168\u90fd\u662f 0，\u4e0d\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u518d\u6e05\u96f6
\n free(p);
\n p = NULL;
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n1.4 realloc（\u8c03\u6574\u5df2\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f）<\/h4>\n
\n
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\nint main()
\n{
\n int *p = (int*)malloc(5 * sizeof(int)); \/\/ \u5148\u7533\u8bf7 5 \u4e2a
\n if (p == NULL) return 1;
\n for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) p[i] = i;<\/p>\n
\n int *tmp = (int*)realloc(p, 10 * sizeof(int));
\n if (tmp == NULL) \/\/ \u6269\u5bb9\u5931\u8d25，p \u8fd8\u6307\u5411\u539f\u6765\u7684 5 \u4e2a
\n {
\n free(p);
\n return 1;
\n }
\n p = tmp; \/\/ \u6210\u529f\u540e\u518d\u628a p \u6362\u6210\u65b0\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n
\n for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) printf("%d ", p[i]);<\/p>\n
\n p = NULL;
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n1.5 \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef（\u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891）<\/h4>\n
\n*p = 10; \/\/ \u26a0\ufe0f \u5982\u679c malloc \u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de NULL，\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9 NULL \u89e3\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n
\nfor (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++) \/\/ \u26a0\ufe0f \u591a\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86 p[10]，\u8d8a\u754c
\n p[i] = i;<\/p>\n
\n{
\n int *p = (int*)malloc(1024 * 1024); \/\/ \u6bcf\u6b21\u7533\u8bf7 1MB \u90fd\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e
\n \/\/ \u26a0\ufe0f \u5185\u5b58\u8d8a\u7528\u8d8a\u5c11，\u6700\u7ec8\u8017\u5c3d
\n}<\/p>\n
\nfree(p); \/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u4e86
\n\/\/ p \u8fd8\u7559\u7740\u5df2\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u53d8\u6210\u60ac\u5782\u6307\u9488
\n*p = 10; \/\/ \u26a0\ufe0f \u975e\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5df2\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n
\nint *p = &a;
\nfree(p); \/\/ \u26a0\ufe0f free \u6808\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf，\u975e\u6cd5！<\/p>\n
\nfree(q);
\nfree(q); \/\/ \u26a0\ufe0f \u91cd\u590d free \u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n1.6 \u67d4\u6027\u6570\u7ec4（C99）<\/h4>\n
\n{
\n int n; \/\/ \u666e\u901a\u6210\u5458
\n int arr[]; \/\/ \u67d4\u6027\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\u5458：\u5927\u5c0f\u5f85\u5b9a
\n};<\/p>\n
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\nstruct S
\n{
\n int n;
\n int arr[]; \/\/ \u67d4\u6027\u6570\u7ec4
\n};
\nint main()
\n{
\n \/\/ \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7533\u8bf7：\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f + 10 \u4e2a int \u7684\u5927\u5c0f
\n struct S *ps = (struct S*)malloc(sizeof(struct S) + 10 * sizeof(int));
\n if (ps == NULL) return 1;<\/p>\n
\n for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
\n ps->arr[i] = i; \/\/ arr \u5c31\u662f\u7d27\u8ddf\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u540e\u9762\u7684\u90a3 10 \u4e2a int<\/p>\n
\n printf("%d ", ps->arr[i]);<\/p>\n
\n ps = NULL;
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\n\u4e8c\u3001mem \u7cfb\u5217\u5185\u5b58\u51fd\u6570（void* \u7684\u5b9e\u6218）<\/h3>\n
2.1 memcpy（\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u62f7\u8d1d，\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u53e0）<\/h4>\n
\n#include <string.h>
\nint main()
\n{
\n int arr1[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
\n int arr2[10] = { 0 };
\n memcpy(arr2, arr1, 10 * sizeof(int)); \/\/ \u62f7\u8d1d 10 \u4e2a int（\u5171 40 \u5b57\u8282）
\n for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
\n printf("%d ", arr2[i]); \/\/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\nvoid* my_memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, size_t num)
\n{
\n char* d = (char*)dest;
\n const char* s = (const char*)src;
\n while (num–)
\n *d++ = *s++; \/\/ \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5730\u62f7\u8d1d
\n return dest;
\n}<\/p>\n2.2 memmove（\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u62f7\u8d1d，\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u53e0）<\/h4>\n
\n#include <string.h>
\nint main()
\n{
\n int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
\n \/\/ \u628a 1 2 3 4 5 \u6574\u4f53\u5f80\u540e\u632a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u53d8\u6210 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10
\n memmove(arr + 2, arr, 5 * sizeof(int));
\n for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
\n printf("%d ", arr[i]);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\nvoid* my_memmove(void* dest, const void* src, size_t num)
\n{
\n char* d = (char*)dest;
\n const char* s = (const char*)src;
\n if (d < s) \/\/ dest \u5728 src \u524d\u9762：\u4ece\u524d\u5f80\u540e
\n {
\n while (num–)
\n *d++ = *s++;
\n }
\n else \/\/ dest \u5728 src \u540e\u9762：\u4ece\u540e\u5f80\u524d
\n {
\n while (num–)
\n *(d + num) = *(s + num);
\n }
\n return dest;
\n}<\/p>\n2.3 memset（\u628a\u5185\u5b58\u6279\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u503c）<\/h4>\n
\n#include <string.h>
\nint main()
\n{
\n char arr[] = "hello world";
\n memset(arr + 6, 'x', 5); \/\/ \u4ece\u7b2c 6 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5f00\u59cb，5 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u8bbe\u6210 'x'
\n printf("%s\\\\n", arr); \/\/ "hello xxxxx"
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\n{
\n char* p = (char*)ptr;
\n while (num–)
\n *p++ = (char)value; \/\/ \u6309\u5b57\u8282\u8bbe\u7f6e
\n return ptr;
\n}<\/p>\n2.4 memcmp（\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u6bd4\u8f83）<\/h4>\n
\n#include <string.h>
\nint main()
\n{
\n int arr1[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
\n int arr2[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 };
\n int ret = memcmp(arr1, arr2, 5 * sizeof(int));
\n printf("%d\\\\n", ret); \/\/ \u8d1f\u6570：arr1 \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 5 < arr2 \u7684 6
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\n{
\n const char* p1 = (const char*)ptr1;
\n const char* p2 = (const char*)ptr2;
\n while (num–)
\n {
\n if (*p1 != *p2)
\n return *p1 – *p2; \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5b57\u8282，\u8c01\u5927\u8c01\u5c0f
\n p1++;
\n p2++;
\n }
\n return 0; \/\/ num \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5168\u76f8\u7b49
\n}<\/p>\n
\n\u4e09\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6307\u9488\u58f0\u660e\u4e0e"\u53f3\u5de6\u6cd5\u5219"<\/h3>\n
\nint (*(*p)[5])(int);<\/p>\n3.1 \u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e24\u6761\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/h4>\n
\n
3.2 \u53f3\u5de6\u6cd5\u5219：\u4ece\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u51fa\u53d1，\u5148\u53f3\u540e\u5de6<\/h4>\n
3.3 \u4e0a\u5f3a\u5ea6：\u62c6\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e09\u7ea7\u5d4c\u5957<\/h4>\n
3.4 \u7528 typedef \u628a\u590d\u6742\u58f0\u660e"\u5316\u7e41\u4e3a\u7b80"<\/h4>\n
\ntypedef void (*sighandler_t)(int);<\/p>\n
\nsighandler_t signal(int signum, sighandler_t handler);<\/p>\n
\ntypedef pfun_t arr5_t[5]; \/\/ \u5b58 5 \u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u578b
\narr5_t *p; \/\/ \u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n
\n\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
\u62d3\u5c55\u5b66\u4e60<\/h3>\n
\n
\n25\u7ea7\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5de5\u7a0bN\u975e\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u5728\u8bfb，\u81ea\u5b66C\/C，\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49ing
\n\u6b22\u8fce\u5404\u4f4d\u5927\u4f6c\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u4e92\u52a8\u4ea4\u6d41 \u5199\u5728\u524d\u9762：\u524d\u4e94\u8bb2\\”\u7559\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\\”，\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u8865\u4e0a
\n\u524d\u4e94\u8bb2，\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8def\u4ece\\”\u5730\u5740 \u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\\”，\u8bb2\u5230\\”\u6570\u7ec4\u540d \u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5730\u5740\\”，\u518d\u5230\\”\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u3001\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7b14\u8bd5\u9898\\”，\u628a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u5185\u5bb9\u57fa\u672c\u8d70\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9࿰<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":95146,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[10187,174,99,4853,427],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-95149","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-codingplan","tag-c","tag-java","tag-4853","tag-427"],"yoast_head":"\n