{"id":94953,"date":"2026-08-15T20:25:03","date_gmt":"2026-08-15T12:25:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/94953.html"},"modified":"2026-08-15T20:25:03","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T12:25:03","slug":"c11-%e6%96%b0%e7%89%b9%e6%80%a7%e7%b3%bb%e5%88%97%ef%bc%88%e4%ba%94%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e7%a7%bb%e5%8a%a8%e8%af%ad%e4%b9%89%e4%b8%8e%e5%8f%b3%e5%80%bc%e5%bc%95%e7%94%a8%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/94953.html","title":{"rendered":"C++11 \u65b0\u7279\u6027\u7cfb\u5217\uff08\u4e94\uff09\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0e\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>C&#043;&#043;11 \u65b0\u7279\u6027\u7cfb\u5217&#xff08;\u4e94&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0e\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528&#xff08;\u4e0b&#xff09;\u2014\u2014\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u7bc7&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020\u548c std::move \u662f\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u5668&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u548c std::forward \u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5411\u4e0a\u201d\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c06\u5e26\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u4e22\u5931\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4ece\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u5230\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u548c std::move \u5b9e\u73b0\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u3002\u4f46 std::move \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\u5b83\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u5c06\u5de6\u503c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u662f\u5408\u9002\u7684&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5728\u8f6c\u53d1&#xff08;forwarding&#xff09;\u573a\u666f\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Arg<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\nT<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">create<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Arg arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">T<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53c2\u6570 arg \u662f\u6309\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u7684&#xff0c;\u65e0\u8bba\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5de6\u503c\u8fd8\u662f\u53f3\u503c&#xff0c;\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u6b21\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c T \u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53d7\u5f15\u7528\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f20\u9012\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u7136\u60f3\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Arg<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\nT<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">create<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Arg<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">T<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u73b0\u5728&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f20\u9012\u53f3\u503c&#xff08;\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff09;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">create<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>MyClass<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u9519\u8bef&#xff01;\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u53f3\u503c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u975e const \u5de6\u503c\u5f15\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;98 \u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u7248\u672c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Arg<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\nT<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">create<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Arg<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5de6\u503c\u7248\u672c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Arg<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\nT<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">create<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> Arg<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ const \u5de6\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u7248\u672c&#xff08;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53f3\u503c&#xff09;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5462&#xff1f;\u5982\u679c\u6709\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u5462&#xff1f;\u7ec4\u5408\u7206\u70b8\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;11 \u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f&#xff0c;\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u6536\u4efb\u610f\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730&#xff08;\u4fdd\u6301\u5de6\u503c\/\u53f3\u503c\u5c5e\u6027\u3001const \u5c5e\u6027&#xff09;\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0&#xff08;Reference Collapsing&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u638c\u63e1\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u662f C&#043;&#043; \u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u58f0\u660e\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982 int&amp; &amp; \u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u6216\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\u5c55\u5f00\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u6298\u53e0\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4e0b&#xff08;\u7262\u8bb0&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4f20\u5165\u5b9e\u53c2\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u540e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6298\u53e0\u7ed3\u679c<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>T&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp; &amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;&amp; &amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp; &amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;&amp; &amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53e3\u8bc0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5de6\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u4f18\u5148&#xff1a;\u4efb\u4f55\u5305\u542b &amp; \u7684\u6298\u53e0\u90fd\u6298\u53e0\u4e3a &amp;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0\u624d\u4e3a &amp;&amp;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&amp; &amp; \u2192 &amp;<\/li>\n<li>&amp; &amp;&amp; \u2192 &amp;<\/li>\n<li>&amp;&amp; &amp; \u2192 &amp;<\/li>\n<li>&amp;&amp; &amp;&amp; \u2192 &amp;&amp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2.2 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0\u5f88\u91cd\u8981&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u80fd\u591f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53d7 T&amp;&amp; \u53c2\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5de6\u503c\u8fd8\u662f\u53f3\u503c&#xff0c;\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">foo<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f20\u5165\u5de6\u503c int a; foo(a);&#xff0c;\u5219 T \u88ab\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a int&amp;&#xff0c;T&amp;&amp; \u6298\u53e0\u4e3a int&amp; &amp;&amp; \u2192 int&amp;&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5 t \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f int&amp;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f20\u5165\u53f3\u503c foo(10);&#xff0c;\u5219 T \u88ab\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a int&#xff0c;T&amp;&amp; \u5c31\u662f int&amp;&amp;&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5 t \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f int&amp;&amp;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5417&#xff1f;\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f&#xff0c;\u6839\u636e\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u503c\u7c7b\u522b&#xff0c;\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u533a\u5206\u5de6\u503c\u548c\u53f3\u503c&#xff01;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528&#xff08;Universal Reference \/ Forwarding Reference&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u8bc6\u522b<\/h4>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u5f62\u5982 T&amp;&amp; \u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u4e14 T \u662f\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528&#xff08;\u4e5f\u53eb\u8f6c\u53d1\u5f15\u7528&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u63a5\u6536\u5de6\u503c\u6216\u53f3\u503c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u503c\u7c7b\u522b\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u6761\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f62\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f T&amp;&amp;&#xff08;\u5176\u4e2d T \u662f\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5fc5\u987b\u53d1\u751f\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc&#xff08;\u4e0d\u80fd\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528&#xff1a;T \u4f1a\u63a8\u5bfc<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">func<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> param<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ param \u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528&#xff1a;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">func<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>vector<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> param<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528&#xff08;\u56e0\u4e3a T \u662f vector \u7684\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f func \u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">func<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> param<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5de6\u503c\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5f53 T \u88ab\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">func<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6b64\u65f6 T &#061; int&#xff0c;func \u53d8\u6210 func(int&amp;&amp;)&#xff0c;\u662f\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3.2 \u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u4f20\u5165\u5b9e\u53c2\u5b9e\u53c2\u503c\u7c7b\u522bT \u63a8\u5bfc\u7c7b\u578bT&amp;&amp; \u6700\u7ec8\u7c7b\u578b<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>int a; func(a)<\/td>\n<td>\u5de6\u503c<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>int a; func(std::move(a))<\/td>\n<td>\u5c06\u4ea1\u503c&#xff08;\u53f3\u503c&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>int<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>func(10)<\/td>\n<td>\u7eaf\u53f3\u503c<\/td>\n<td>int<\/td>\n<td>int&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>const int a; func(a)<\/td>\n<td>\u5de6\u503c&#xff08;const&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>const int&amp;<\/td>\n<td>const int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;T \u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u5305\u542b const \u548c volatile \u9650\u5b9a\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.3 \u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u63a5\u6536\u4efb\u610f\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u5de6\u503c\u548c\u53f3\u503c\u5206\u522b\u5199\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u5b9e\u53c2\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u5de6\u503c\/\u53f3\u503c\u3001const \u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001std::forward&#xff1a;\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u642c\u79fb<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 std::move vs std::forward<\/h4>\n<p>\u5bf9\u6bd4 std::move \u548c std::forward&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>std::move&#xff1a;\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u5c06\u5de6\u503c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li>std::forward&#xff1a;\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u5c06\u5de6\u503c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u5f53\u539f\u59cb\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u53f3\u503c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u624d\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>std::forward \u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;std::forward&lt;T&gt;(param)\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.2 \u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3&#xff1a;\u5728\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 forward<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5c06 arg \u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">target<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c arg \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u5de6\u503c&#xff0c;\u5219 T \u88ab\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a T&amp;&#xff0c;std::forward&lt;T&gt;(arg) \u8fd4\u56de T&amp;&#xff08;\u5de6\u503c\u5f15\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c arg \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u53f3\u503c&#xff0c;\u5219 T \u88ab\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a T&#xff08;\u975e\u5f15\u7528&#xff09;&#xff0c;std::forward&lt;T&gt;(arg) \u8fd4\u56de T&amp;&amp;&#xff08;\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4&#xff1a;std::forward \u6839\u636e T \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u79fb\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.3 forward \u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff08;\u4f9b\u7406\u89e3&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684 std::forward \u5b9e\u73b0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5de6\u503c\u7248\u672c<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\nT<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">std<\/span><span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>remove_reference<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>type<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> param<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">static_cast<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>param<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53f3\u503c\u7248\u672c<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\nT<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">std<\/span><span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>remove_reference<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>type<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> param<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">static_assert<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>is_lvalue_reference<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>value<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Can not forward rvalue as lvalue&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">static_cast<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>param<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53 T \u662f int&amp; \u65f6&#xff0c;T&amp;&amp; \u6298\u53e0\u4e3a int&amp;&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5 forward \u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n\u5f53 T \u662f int \u65f6&#xff0c;T&amp;&amp; \u662f int&amp;&amp;&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5 forward \u8fd4\u56de\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<h4>5.1 \u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;utility&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">target<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;target: lvalue reference, x &#061; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">target<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;target: rvalue reference, x &#061; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">target<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8c03\u7528 target(int&amp;)&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a a \u662f\u5de6\u503c<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">20<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8c03\u7528 target(int&amp;&amp;)&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a 20 \u662f\u53f3\u503c<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">move<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8c03\u7528 target(int&amp;&amp;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>target: lvalue reference, x &#061; 10<br \/>\ntarget: rvalue reference, x &#061; 20<br \/>\ntarget: rvalue reference, x &#061; 10<\/p>\n<h4>5.2 \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7528 forward \u4f1a\u600e\u6837&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">bad_wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">target<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc arg \u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5de6\u503c&#xff08;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u540d\u5b57&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5de6\u503c\u8fd8\u662f\u53f3\u503c&#xff0c;arg \u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u5de6\u503c&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u6c38\u8fdc\u8c03\u7528\u5de6\u503c\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u53f3\u503c\u5c5e\u6027&#xff0c;\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8f6c\u53d1\u5931\u8d25\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.3 \u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1<\/h4>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 std::forward \u5373\u53ef&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">U<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">multi_wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> U<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> u<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">target<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>t<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>U<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>u<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>5.4 \u5728\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8f6c\u53d1&#xff08;emplace \u539f\u7406&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5bb9\u5668\u7684 emplace \u7cfb\u5217\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">MyClass<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">MyClass<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">double<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> c<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> Args<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">emplace_back<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Args<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> args<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ptr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">T<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Args<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528<\/span><br \/>\nstd<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>vector<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>MyClass<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> vec<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\nvec<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">emplace_back<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3.14<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6784\u9020&#xff0c;\u65e0\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span><\/p>\n<p>emplace_back \u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9 MyClass \u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u62f7\u8d1d\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u9677\u9631\u4e0e\u91cd\u8f7d\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<h4>6.1 \u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u91cd\u8f7d<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u5728\u91cd\u8f7d\u89e3\u6790\u4e2d\u8fc7\u4e8e\u201c\u8d2a\u5a6a\u201d&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8f7d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">foo<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;universal reference\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">foo<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;int\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">foo<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a&#xff1f;\u7b54\u6848\u662f int \u7248\u672c\u4f18\u5148&#xff08;\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u5371\u9669\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Widget<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">setData<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> value<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> data_ <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>value<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">setData<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> value<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> data_ <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> value<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u7248\u672c\u4f1a\u5339\u914d int<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">private<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> data_<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 std::enable_if \u7b49 SFINAE \u6280\u672f\u9650\u5236\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5339\u914d\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u7b7e\u5206\u53d1&#xff08;tag dispatch&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528 std::is_same \u68c0\u67e5\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>6.2 \u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e const<\/h4>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff0c;\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528 T&amp;&amp; \u4e2d\u7684 T \u5982\u679c\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a const int&amp;&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48 std::forward&lt;T&gt;(arg) \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de const int&amp;&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86 const \u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u663e\u5f0f\u6dfb\u52a0 const&#xff0c;\u5219\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u80fd\u529b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">foo<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528&#xff01;\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53f3\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0 const&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u9000\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6.3 \u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e initializer_list<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5339\u914d std::initializer_list&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a initializer_list \u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">foo<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">foo<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u9519\u8bef&#xff01;\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u5bfc\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e03\u3001\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<h4>7.1 \u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;memory&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;utility&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> Args<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\nstd<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>unique_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">make_unique<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Args<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> args<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">unique_ptr<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">T<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Args<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684 make_unique \u5b9e\u73b0\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1&#xff0c;\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 T \u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.2 \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5305\u88c5\u5668<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">SmartWrapper<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> Args<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">SmartWrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Args<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> args<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">obj_<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Args<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">private<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    T obj_<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>SmartWrapper<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">sw<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;a&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9 string \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>7.3 \u901a\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\/\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Func<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> Args<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">call<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Func<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> Args<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> args<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">decltype<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Calling function\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Func<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Args<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516b\u3001\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u6982\u5ff5\u8bf4\u660e\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0<\/td>\n<td>&amp; &#043; &amp; \u2192 &amp;&#xff0c;&amp;&amp; &#043; &amp;&amp; \u2192 &amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>int&amp; &amp;&amp; \u2192 int&amp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528<\/td>\n<td>\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u7684 T&amp;&amp;&#xff0c;\u53ef\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5de6\u503c\u6216\u53f3\u503c<\/td>\n<td>template&lt;typename T&gt; void f(T&amp;&amp; t);<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>std::move<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5c06\u5de6\u503c\u8f6c\u4e3a\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528<\/td>\n<td>std::move(a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>std::forward<\/td>\n<td>\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u5c06\u5de6\u503c\u8f6c\u4e3a\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528&#xff08;\u4ec5\u5f53\u539f\u503c\u672c\u4e3a\u53f3\u503c&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>std::forward&lt;T&gt;(arg)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1<\/td>\n<td>\u4fdd\u6301\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u7ed3\u5408 T&amp;&amp; \u548c std::forward<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e5d\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u9677\u9631\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<h4>\u9677\u96311&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u4e24\u6b21\u8f6c\u53d1<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">wrapper2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ OK<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u6b21\u8f6c\u53d1\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u8981\u7528 std::forward\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u9677\u96312&#xff1a;\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 std::move \u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u60ac\u5782<\/h4>\n<p>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>vector<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> vec<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\nstd<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    vec<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">push_back<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">move<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u79fb\u52a8\u540e s \u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u9677\u96313&#xff1a;\u8fd4\u56de\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u79fb\u52a8<\/h4>\n<p>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string <span class=\"token function\">getString<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">move<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e0d\u63a8\u8350&#xff01;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c RVO \u6216\u79fb\u52a8&#xff0c;\u663e\u5f0f std::move \u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u6b62 RVO\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5&#xff1a;\u8fd4\u56de\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u5373\u53ef&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u79fb\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u9677\u96314&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u518d\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n<p>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\nstd<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string t <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">move<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\nstd<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a&#xff08;\u867d\u7136 string \u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56&#xff09;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u53ea\u5bf9\u6e90\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c\u6216\u9500\u6bc1&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u7efc\u5408\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;memory&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;string&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;utility&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u76ee\u6807\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">name_<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;unknown&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">age_<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Person()\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> name<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> age<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">name_<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">age_<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>age<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Person(const std::string&amp;, int)\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> name<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> age<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">name_<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">move<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">age_<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>age<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Person(std::string&amp;&amp;, int)\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> Person<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> other<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">name_<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>other<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>name_<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">age_<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>other<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>age_<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Person(const Person&amp;)\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Person<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> other<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">noexcept<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">name_<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">move<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>other<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>name_<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">age_<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>other<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>age_<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Person(Person&amp;&amp;)\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Name: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> name_ <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;, Age: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> age_ <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">private<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string name_<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> age_<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u901a\u7528\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">typename<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> Args<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\nstd<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>unique_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">make_unique<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Args<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> args<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">unique_ptr<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">T<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">forward<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Args<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Alice&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> p1 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">make_unique<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Person<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">25<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>           <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020 name<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> p2 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">make_unique<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Person<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">move<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">30<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020 name<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u53f3\u503c\u5c5e\u6027&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/span><br \/>\n    p1<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token function\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Name: Alice, Age: 25<\/span><br \/>\n    p2<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token function\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Name: Alice, Age: 30<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u9012\u5b57\u9762\u91cf&#xff08;\u53f3\u503c&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> p3 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">make_unique<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Person<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;Bob&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">40<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    p3<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token function\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Name: Bob, Age: 40<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa&#xff08;\u793a\u610f&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Person(const std::string&amp;, int)<br \/>\nPerson(std::string&amp;&amp;, int)<br \/>\nName: Alice, Age: 25<br \/>\nName: Alice, Age: 30<br \/>\nPerson(std::string&amp;&amp;, int)<br \/>\nName: Bob, Age: 40<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u5341\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u4e3b\u9898\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0<\/td>\n<td>&amp; \u548c &amp;&amp; \u7684\u6298\u53e0\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528<\/td>\n<td>T&amp;&amp; \u5728\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u53ef\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5de6\u503c\/\u53f3\u503c&#xff0c;\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u53c2\u63a8\u5bfc\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>std::forward<\/td>\n<td>\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u4fdd\u6301\u503c\u7684\u7c7b\u522b&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1<\/td>\n<td>\u7ed3\u5408 T&amp;&amp; \u548c std::forward&#xff0c;\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<td>\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\u3001emplace \u7cfb\u5217\u3001\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3001\u901a\u7528\u5305\u88c5\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u662f C&#043;&#043;11 \u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8ba9 C&#043;&#043; \u5728\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u65e2\u9ad8\u6548\u53c8\u901a\u7528\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3 C&#043;&#043; \u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u9884\u544a&#xff1a;\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fdb\u5165 Lambda \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b \u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002C&#043;&#043;11 \u5f15\u5165\u7684 Lambda \u8ba9\u672c\u5730\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u5176\u4fbf\u6377&#xff0c;\u914d\u5408\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5c06\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4f60\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u656c\u8bf7\u671f\u5f85&#xff01;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C11 \u65b0\u7279\u6027\u7cfb\u5217&#xff08;\u4e94&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0e\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528&#xff08;\u4e0b&#xff09;\u2014\u2014\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u7bc7&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020\u548c std::move \u662f\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u5668&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u548c std::forward \u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5411\u4e0a\u201d\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c06\u5e26\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u4e22\u5931\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u4ece<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,174,190],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-94953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-190"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C++11 \u65b0\u7279\u6027\u7cfb\u5217\uff08\u4e94\uff09\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0e\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/94953.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C++11 \u65b0\u7279\u6027\u7cfb\u5217\uff08\u4e94\uff09\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0e\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C11 \u65b0\u7279\u6027\u7cfb\u5217&#xff08;\u4e94&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0e\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528&#xff08;\u4e0b&#xff09;\u2014\u2014\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u6298\u53e0\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u7bc7&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020\u548c std::move \u662f\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u5668&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u548c std::forward \u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5411\u4e0a\u201d\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c06\u5e26\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u4e22\u5931\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u4ece\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/94953.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-15T12:25:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/94953.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/94953.html\",\"name\":\"C++11 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