{"id":94711,"date":"2026-08-15T03:24:52","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T19:24:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/94711.html"},"modified":"2026-08-15T03:24:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-14T19:24:52","slug":"%e6%97%a0%e9%94%81%e5%b9%b6%e5%8f%91%e5%ae%b9%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e4%b8%8e%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/94711.html","title":{"rendered":"\u65e0\u9501\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u65e0\u9501\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u4ee5 mpmc_map \u4e3a\u4f8b\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5316\u5256\u6790<\/p>\n<h3>\u6458\u8981<\/h3>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4ee5 mpmc_map \u5e93&#xff08;\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5f0f C&#043;&#043;11 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\u6807\u51c6\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f&#xff1a;\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u5185\u5b58\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5148\u884c\u53d1\u751f&#xff08;happens-before&#xff09;\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u5bb9\u5668\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u6280\u672f\u8def\u7ebf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e92\u65a5\u9501&#xff08;\u6216\u8bfb\u5199\u9501&#xff09;\u628a\u6bcf\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u6210\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u5728\u9501\u4e0a\u6392\u961f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u9501\u6784\u9020&#xff1a;\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4efb\u610f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u6709\u9650\u6b65\u5185\u5b8c\u6210&#xff08;\u81f3\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u4fdd\u8bc1&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u9501\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e0d\u662f&#034;\u51e0\u6b21\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4&#034;\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u4f20\u9012&#xff08;\u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u534f\u8bae\u6d41\u91cf&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5176\u5355\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u6210\u672c\u968f\u7ade\u4e89\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f&#xff1b;\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u8fd8\u5f15\u5165\u963b\u585e\u3001\u5524\u9192\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u53cd\u8f6c\u4e0e\u6b7b\u9501\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u88c5\u9970\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1.2 \u65e0\u9501\u65b9\u6848\u989d\u5916\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/h4>\n<p>\u65e0\u9501\u4e0d\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u628a\u9501\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u8f6c\u5ac1\u5230\u4e09\u5904&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bcf\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027&#xff1a;\u8bfb\u8def\u5f84\u4e5f\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u8bfb\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u9632\u6b62\u8bfb\u5230\u6495\u88c2\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5e76\u53d1\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u534f\u8c03&#xff1a;\u5199\u8def\u5f84\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362&#xff08;CAS&#xff09;\u5faa\u73af&#xff0c;\u5931\u8d25\u91cd\u8bd5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u9690\u853d\u4e5f\u6700\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u903b\u8f91\u5220\u9664\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u7acb\u5373\u91ca\u653e\u2014\u2014\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u6301\u6709\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5e76\u5373\u5c06\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u8bc1\u660e&#034;\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83&#034;\u518d\u91ca\u653e&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536&#xff08;reclamation&#xff09;\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u6536\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u65e0\u9501\u5bb9\u5668\u8981\u4e48\u6cc4\u6f0f&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u60ac\u5782\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7b2c 2 \u8282\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u7840&#xff0c;\u7b2c 3 \u8282\u4e13\u95e8\u8bb2\u56de\u6536\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u7b2c 4\u30015 \u8282\u5206\u522b\u5256\u6790\u4e24\u79cd\u5bb9\u5668\u5f15\u64ce&#xff0c;\u7b2c 6 \u8282\u8bb2\u5de5\u7a0b\u7ec6\u8282&#xff0c;\u7b2c 7 \u8282\u5206\u6790\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528&#xff0c;\u7b2c 8 \u8282\u89e3\u8bfb\u6d4b\u91cf\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u7b2c 9 \u8282\u8bb2\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u7b2c 10 \u8282\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2 \u57fa\u7840&#xff1a;\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<h4>2.1 \u786c\u4ef6\u73b0\u5b9e&#xff1a;\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/h4>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u591a\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6709\u79c1\u6709\u7f13\u5b58&#xff08;\u4e00\u7ea7\u3001\u4e8c\u7ea7&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709\u6838\u5fc3\u5171\u4eab\u672b\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u9996\u5148\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u8bfb\u5199\u540c\u4e00\u5730\u5740\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;x86 \u4e3a MESI \u4e00\u65cf&#xff09;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b83\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u503c\u2014\u2014\u4f46&#034;\u4e00\u81f4&#034;\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u884c&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38 64 \u5b57\u8282&#xff09;\u4e3a\u7c92\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2a\u540e\u679c\u5bf9\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f2a\u5171\u4eab&#xff1a;\u4e24\u4e2a\u65e0\u5173\u53d8\u91cf\u843d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7f13\u5b58\u884c&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u4e00&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u4f7f\u53e6\u4e00\u6838\u5fc3\u6301\u6709\u7684\u8be5\u884c\u5931\u6548&#xff0c;\u5373\u4f7f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u88ab\u78b0\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed3\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u70ed\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u6392\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u8de8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2.2 C&#043;&#043;11 \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f<\/h4>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;11 \u63d0\u4f9b std::atomic&lt;T&gt; \u4e0e\u56db\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u677e\u5f1b\u5e8f&#xff08;memory_order_relaxed&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u539f\u5b50\u6027&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u8de8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u987a\u5e8f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f&#xff08;memory_order_acquire&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5176\u540e\u7684\u8bfb\u4e0e\u5199\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u91cd\u6392\u5230\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d&#xff08;\u7528\u4e8e&#034;\u8bfb\u9501&#034;\u4fa7&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u91ca\u653e\u5e8f&#xff08;memory_order_release&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5176\u524d\u7684\u8bfb\u4e0e\u5199\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u91cd\u6392\u5230\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u540e&#xff08;\u7528\u4e8e&#034;\u5199\u9501&#034;\u4fa7&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u5e8f&#xff08;memory_order_seq_cst&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u9ed8\u8ba4&#xff0c;\u5168\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u83b7\u53d6\/\u91ca\u653e\u914d\u5bf9\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u57fa\u77f3&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7532\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u53d8\u91cf X \u505a\u91ca\u653e\u5199&#xff0c;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e59\u5bf9 X \u505a\u83b7\u53d6\u8bfb\u5e76\u8bfb\u5230\u8be5\u503c&#xff0c;\u5219\u7532\u5728\u91ca\u653e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5199&#xff08;\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u539f\u5b50\u5199&#xff09;\u5bf9\u4e59\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bfb\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u884c\u53d1\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u5e93\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u9075\u5faa&#034;\u80fd\u677e\u5f1b\u5c31\u677e\u5f1b&#xff0c;\u8be5\u83b7\u53d6\/\u91ca\u653e\u5c31\u4e0d\u7701&#034;\u7684\u539f\u5219&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u94fe\u8868\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u540e\u7ee7\u6307\u9488\u7528\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u9700\u8981\u770b\u5230\u524d\u9a71\u7684\u53d1\u5e03&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8282\u70b9\u6c60\u5206\u7247\u9501\u7684\u52a0\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u83b7\u53d6\/\u91ca\u653e\u914d\u5bf9&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u9884\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u7684\u677e\u5f1b\u8bfb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u62ff\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5176\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2.3 \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4ea4\u6362\u4e0e ABA \u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n<p>\u65e0\u9501\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362&#xff08;CAS&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u82e5\u5185\u5b58\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e\u671f\u671b\u503c\u5219\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u503c&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f&#xff1b;\u5426\u5219\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u65e0\u9501\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u654c\u4eba\u662f ABA \u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7532\u8bfb\u5230\u6307\u9488 P&#xff0c;\u88ab\u62a2\u5360&#xff1b;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e59\u5220\u9664 P \u6307\u5411\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u91ca\u653e\u3001\u518d\u5206\u914d\u51fa\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8282\u70b9&#xff08;\u5185\u5bb9\u5df2\u53d8&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u7532\u6062\u590d\u540e\u6267\u884c CAS(P, Q) \u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u4f46 P \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5df2\u4e0d\u662f\u7532\u6240\u89c1\u7684\u7248\u672c\u2014\u2014\u7532\u57fa\u4e8e\u9648\u65e7\u89c2\u5bdf\u505a\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u5e93\u7684 ABA \u9632\u62a4\u6709\u4e24\u5c42&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u56de\u6536\u5c42&#xff1a;\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u5f52\u8fd8\u5206\u914d\u5668&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u56de\u6536\u5668&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5f85&#034;\u8bc1\u660e\u65e0\u4eba\u5f15\u7528&#034;\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u6b64&#034;\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5730\u5740&#034;\u7684\u6982\u7387\u88ab\u5927\u5e45\u538b\u4f4e&#xff08;\u4e16\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8282\u70b9\u8981\u7b49\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u4ee3&#xff1b;\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8981\u7b49\u6240\u6709\u69fd\u4e0d\u518d\u5f15\u7528&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6821\u9a8c\u5c42&#xff1a;\u904d\u5386\u8def\u5f84\u91c7\u7528&#034;\u53d1\u5e03-\u91cd\u8bfb-\u6821\u9a8c&#034;\u534f\u8bae&#xff1a;\u5148\u628a\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u6307\u9488\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u69fd&#xff0c;\u518d\u91cd\u8bfb\u6e90\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u82e5\u4e24\u6b21\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u5219\u91cd\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3 \u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536&#xff1a;\u65e0\u9501\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u5730\u57fa<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 \u95ee\u9898\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316<\/h4>\n<p>\u8bbe\u7ebf\u7a0b T \u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u5b83\u6807\u8bb0\u5e76\u6458\u9664\u4e86\u8282\u70b9 N\u3002\u6b64\u523b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b S \u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bfb\u8fc7 N \u7684\u5730\u5740&#xff08;\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cc&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6b63\u6253\u7b97\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c T \u7acb\u5373\u91ca\u653e N&#xff0c;S \u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u60ac\u5782\u6307\u9488\u2014\u2014\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u56de\u7b54&#xff1a;\u4f55\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u91ca\u653e N&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u901a\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f&#xff1a;\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5e76\u53d1\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe N\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u7ecf\u5178\u65b9\u6848\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u8bc1\u636e\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.2 \u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488<\/h4>\n<p>\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488&#xff08;hazard pointers&#xff0c;Michael \u63d0\u51fa&#xff09;\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f&#034;\u4e3b\u52a8\u58f0\u660e&#034;&#xff1a;\u4efb\u4f55\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5171\u4eab\u7ed3\u6784\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u6307\u9488\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6307\u9488\u5199\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u69fd\u4f4d&#xff08;hazard slot&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u8bfb\u53d6\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u786e\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316&#xff08;\u9632 ABA&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u5f15\u7528&#xff1b;\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u6e05\u9664\u69fd\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u6536\u65b9\u5728\u91ca\u653e\u5bf9\u8c61\u524d&#xff0c;\u626b\u63cf\u6240\u6709\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u69fd\u4f4d&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u69fd\u4f4d\u4ecd\u7136\u6301\u6709\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u5728\u7528\u5b83&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u91ca\u653e&#xff1b;\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u69fd\u4f4d\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u65f6&#xff0c;\u624d\u53ef\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6210\u672c\u6a21\u578b\u662f&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u6b21\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u4ed8\u51fa&#034;\u53d1\u5e03 &#043; \u91cd\u8bfb &#043; \u6e05\u9664&#034;\u7684\u5e8f\u5217&#xff08;\u4e24\u6b21\u539f\u5b50\u8bfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6b21\u69fd\u5199&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u6bcf\u6279\u56de\u6536\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e0e&#034;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570 \u00d7 \u69fd\u6570&#034;\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u3002\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u70ed\u70b9&#xff1b;\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u90fd\u8d35\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.3 \u4e16\u4ee3\u56de\u6536<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e16\u4ee3\u56de\u6536&#xff08;epoch-based reclamation&#xff09;\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f&#034;\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u8d26&#034;\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u6309\u4e16\u4ee3\u9012\u589e&#xff1b;\u6bcf\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u767b\u8bb0\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u4e16\u4ee3&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u6ce8\u9500\u3002\u56de\u6536\u89c4\u5219\u662f&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u5176\u9000\u4f11\u4e16\u4ee3\u88ab\u91ca\u653e&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u5168\u5c40\u4e16\u4ee3\u5df2\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8be5\u4e16\u4ee3\u4e24\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e24\u4ee3\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ee3&#xff1f;\u8003\u8651\u4e16\u4ee3 g \u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u79bb\u5f00&#xff08;\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8ba1\u6570\u4ece 1 \u53d8 0&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165 g&#043;1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7b49\u4e00\u4ee3&#xff0c;g \u4ee3\u7684\u9000\u4f11\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u5728&#034;g \u4ee3\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u79bb\u5f00&#034;\u65f6\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u4e24\u4ee3\u89c4\u5219\u4fdd\u8bc1&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u4e16\u4ee3 e \u9000\u4f11&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u4e16\u4ee3\u8fbe\u5230 e&#043;2 \u65f6\u624d\u91ca\u653e\u2014\u2014\u6b64\u65f6\u4efb\u4f55\u66fe\u5728 e \u4ee3\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u90a3\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u5e93\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bcf\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b88\u536b&#xff08;RAII&#xff09;\u8fdb\u5165\/\u79bb\u5f00\u4e16\u4ee3&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u5411\u91cf&#xff08;\u6309\u4e16\u4ee3\u53d6\u6a21 3&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u9000\u4f11\u5bf9\u8c61\u6309\u4e16\u4ee3\u5165\u961f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u4f11\u603b\u6570\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c&#xff08;256&#xff09;\u89e6\u53d1\u56de\u6536&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u56de\u6536\u65f6\u53ea\u91ca\u653e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u4ee3\u524d\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u6807\u7b7e\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6210\u672c\u6a21\u578b&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u5c40\u539f\u5b50\u8bfb &#043; \u4e00\u6b21\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8ba1\u6570\u589e\u91cf &#043; \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u4e00\u6b21\u9012\u51cf&#xff1b;\u65e0\u6bcf\u6b21\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u51fa\u65f6\u6210\u4e3a\u70ed\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.4 \u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u673a\u5668\u4e0a&#xff08;\u89c1\u7b2c 8 \u8282\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\u8bf4\u660e&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e16\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u8bfb\u591a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u90fd\u66f4\u5feb&#xff08;\u7ea6 1.4-1.6 \u500d&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6df7\u5408\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4ece 4 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d77\u66f4\u5feb&#xff1b;\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488\u4ec5\u5728 1-2 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6362\u624b\u4e0b\u9886\u5148&#xff08;\u7ea6 7-16%&#xff0c;\u5355\u6b21\u6700\u9ad8 38%&#xff09;\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684&#xff1a;\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488\u6309\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u4ed8\u8d39&#xff0c;\u4e16\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u6309\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ed8\u8d39&#xff1b;\u8bfb\u591a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u8fdc\u591a\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65b9\u6848\u56e0\u6b64\u9009\u4e3a\u4e16\u4ee3\u3002\u4f46\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488\u4ecd\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u663e\u5f0f\u9009\u62e9\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u7684\u8bfb\u8def\u5f84\u6ca1\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u70ed\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5bf9&#034;\u957f\u671f\u53d1\u5e03\u6307\u9488\u3001\u8bfb\u8005\u6781\u591a&#034;\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ecd\u662f\u5408\u7406\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0e\u573a\u666f\u7684\u9009\u62e9&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f&#034;\u67d0\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u6c38\u8fdc\u66f4\u597d&#034;\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.5 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u4e0e\u8fdf\u5230\u56de\u6536\u94fe<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u7740\u5c1a\u672a\u53ef\u56de\u6536\u7684\u9000\u4f11\u5bf9\u8c61\u9000\u51fa&#xff08;\u4e16\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d&#xff1a;\u5b83\u9000\u4f11\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6ee1\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u4ee3&#xff1b;\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ecd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u69fd\u5f15\u7528&#xff09;\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u9500\u6bc1\u540e&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4eba\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u7684&#034;\u8fdf\u5230\u56de\u6536\u94fe&#034;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u628a\u672a\u56de\u6536\u5bf9\u8c61\u9010\u5143\u7d20\u63a8\u5165\u94fe\u5934&#xff08;\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4efb\u4f55\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u56de\u6536\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u90fd\u4f1a\u6392\u7a7a\u8fd9\u6761\u94fe\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u94fe\u7684\u63a8\u5165\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u9010\u5143\u7d20\u7684&#xff1a;\u6574\u94fe\u63a8\u5165\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7ade\u4e89\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u4e2a\u63a8\u5165\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5404\u81ea\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362\u6210\u529f\u4f46\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e86\u5c3e\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5&#xff0c;\u5f62\u6210\u73af\u3002\u9010\u5143\u7d20\u63a8\u5165\u5728\u6784\u9020\u4e0a\u65e0\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.6 \u6392\u7a7a\u95e8\u63a7&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u6d4b\u91cf\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u9677\u9631<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u5199\u8fdb\u535a\u5ba2\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u6b21\u56de\u6536\u90fd\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u6392\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u800c\u6392\u7a7a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5bf9\u94fe\u5934\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u5c40\u4ea4\u6362\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u9501\u5b9a\u8bfb\u6539\u5199\u3002\u5728 8 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u300140% \u63d2\u5165\/40% \u5220\u9664\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u541e\u5410\u5d29\u584c&#xff08;\u7ea6 2.5 \u4e07\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u6bcf\u79d2&#xff0c;\u6b63\u5e38\u5e94\u4e3a\u6570\u767e\u4e07&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d4b\u91cf&#xff08;\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u63d2\u5165\u5468\u671f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668&#xff09;\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u6301\u7eed\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5168\u5c40\u4e16\u4ee3\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ece\u4e0d\u524d\u8fdb\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b88\u536b\u91cd\u53e0&#xff0c;\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8ba1\u6570\u96be\u4ee5\u5f52\u96f6&#xff0c;\u6309\u6807\u7b7e\u91ca\u653e\u4ece\u4e0d\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u4f11\u5411\u91cf\u65e0\u9650\u589e\u957f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u56de\u6536\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u540e\u4ece\u5411\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u91cd\u65b0\u63a8\u5bfc\u9000\u4f11\u603b\u6570&#xff0c;\u9608\u503c&#xff08;256&#xff09;\u56e0\u6b64\u6c38\u4e45\u8d85\u9650\u2014\u2014\u56de\u6536\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u9000\u5f79\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcf\u6b21\u56de\u6536\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u94fe\u5934\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b9e\u6d4b\u6bcf\u6b21\u7ea6 26.4 \u4e07\u5468\u671f&#xff08;\u7ea6 66 \u5fae\u79d2&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6392\u7a7a\u8def\u5f84\u6d88\u8017\u7ea6 66% 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\u65e0\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668&#xff1a;\u5206\u79bb\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u7528&#034;\u6570\u7ec4\u52a0\u94fe\u8868&#034;\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868<\/h4>\n<p>\u7ecf\u5178\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868&#xff08;\u5982 std::unordered_map&#xff09;\u7531\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\u52a0\u51b2\u7a81\u94fe\u8868\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0b\u7b80\u5355\u9ad8\u6548&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5e76\u53d1\u5316\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u969c\u788d&#xff1a;\u5176\u4e00&#xff0c;\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u7ea7\u95f4\u63a5&#xff08;\u5148\u8bfb\u6876\u5355\u5143&#xff0c;\u518d\u6cbf\u94fe\u8868\u8d70&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u6240\u6709\u6876\u5355\u5143\u540c\u65f6\u53d8\u5316&#xff0c;\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d1\u5e03&#xff1b;\u5176\u4e8c&#xff0c;\u6269\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u5143\u7d20&#xff08;\u91cd\u54c8\u5e0c&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u79fb\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u539f\u5b50\u5730\u9690\u85cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u79bb\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868&#xff08;split-ordered list&#xff0c;Shalev \u4e0e Shavit&#xff0c;2003&#xff09;\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f&#xff1a;\u628a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684&#034;\u6876&#034;\u7f16\u7801\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u6b21\u5e8f\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u94fe\u8868&#xff0c;\u6269\u5bb9\u4e0d\u518d\u79fb\u52a8\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f&#034;\u5206\u79bb\u5e8f&#034;\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u6876\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u6b21\u5e8f\u5206\u79bb\u5904\u7406&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u4f4d\u53cd\u8f6c\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.2 \u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<p>\u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u6309\u5206\u88c2\u5e8f\u952e\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868&#xff0c;\u5916\u52a0\u4e00\u5f20\u5c0f\u7684\u6876\u6307\u9488\u95f4\u63a5\u8868&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9\u643a\u5e26\u5206\u88c2\u5e8f\u952e so_key &#061; \u4f4d\u53cd\u8f6c(\u6df7\u5408\u54c8\u5e0c(\u952e) | \u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7f6e 1)\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7f6e 1 \u4f7f\u952e\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u5e8f\u952e\u6052\u4e3a\u5947\u6570&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u6392\u5728\u5206\u88c2\u5e8f\u952e\u4e3a\u5076\u6570\u7684\u6876\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u540e&#xff1b;\u4f4d\u53cd\u8f6c\u628a\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7ffb\u5230\u4f4e\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u4f7f&#034;\u6876\u8fb9\u754c&#034;\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a&#xff08;\u89c1 4.5&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6876\u8282\u70b9&#xff08;\u54e8\u5175&#xff09;\u643a\u5e26\u6876\u7f16\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5176\u540e\u7ee7\u6307\u9488\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u4f4d&#xff08;\u7b2c 1 \u4f4d&#xff09;\u6807\u8bb0&#034;\u8fd9\u662f\u6876\u8282\u70b9&#034;\u3002\u6876 b \u7684\u6876\u8282\u70b9\u6807\u5fd7\u6876 b \u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u540e\u7ee7\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5e26\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u9488&#xff1a;\u7b2c 0 \u4f4d &#061; \u5df2\u6807\u8bb0&#xff08;\u903b\u8f91\u5220\u9664&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7b2c 1 \u4f4d &#061; 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x86 \u4e0a\u677e\u5f1b\u4e0e\u83b7\u53d6\u539f\u5b50\u52a0\u8f7d\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u591a\u51fa\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u662f\u7eaf\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9884\u53d6\u3002\u4e24\u6761\u904d\u5386\u70ed\u70b9&#xff08;\u94fe\u8868\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u6811\u641c\u7d22&#xff09;\u5728\u52a0\u8f7d\u540e\u7ee7\/\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u9884\u53d6\u6307\u4ee4&#xff08;x86 \u4e13\u7528&#xff0c;\u5176\u4ed6\u67b6\u6784\u4e3a\u7a7a\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff09;\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u52a0\u8f7d\u94fe\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u540e\u7ee7\u6307\u9488\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u2014\u2014\u63d0\u524d\u53d1\u8d77\u62c9\u53d6\u628a\u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362\u6216\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u9884\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6e05\u9664\u6807\u7b7e\u540e\u7684\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u53d6\u5230\u5e26\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u65e0\u6548\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.7 \u54c8\u5e0c\u6df7\u5408<\/h4>\n<p>\u539f\u59cb\u54c8\u5e0c&#xff08;\u5982 std::hash&#xff09;\u5728\u4f4e\u4f4d\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u2014\u2014\u7ecf\u5178\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u76f4\u63a5\u53d6\u6a21\u4f1a\u56e0\u54c8\u5e0c\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5206\u5e03\u5dee\u800c\u9000\u5316\u3002\u672c\u5e93\u5148\u628a\u7528\u6237\u54c8\u5e0c\u6df7\u5408\u6210\u5747\u5300\u7684 64 \u4f4d\u503c&#xff0c;\u518d\u53d6\u4f4e\u4f4d\u4f5c\u6876\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u53d6\u4f4d\u53cd\u8f6c\u4f5c\u5206\u88c2\u5e8f\u952e\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u662f\u7eaf\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u65e0\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5f15\u5165\u5171\u4eab\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5 \u6709\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668&#xff1a;\u5e76\u53d1\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n<h4>5.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u96be\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u9501<\/h4>\n<p>\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u9501\u7684\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u732e&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u662f&#034;\u6ca1\u4eba\u8bd5\u8fc7&#034;&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684&#xff1a;\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u7684\u63d2\u5165\/\u5220\u9664\u4fee\u590d\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6307\u9488&#xff08;\u65cb\u8f6c\u6d89\u53ca\u7236\u3001\u5b50\u3001\u53d4\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u4f84\u5b50&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u591a\u70b9\u66f4\u65b0\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u5355\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362\u8868\u8fbe\u2014\u2014\u9664\u975e\u5f15\u5165\u4fb5\u5165\u5f0f\u5143\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u5982\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7248\u672c\u8ba1\u6570\u52a0\u5e2e\u52a9\u8005\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u9661\u589e\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u5e93\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u52a1\u5b9e\u7684\u6298\u4e2d&#xff1a;\u641c\u7d22\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u9501&#xff0c;\u66f4\u65b0\u7528\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u65e0\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u52a0\u9501\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u4ee3\u4ef7&#xff0c;\u5c06\u5728 5.6 \u8282\u8bda\u5b9e\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.2 \u9501\u4f4d\u62ec\u53f7&#xff1a;\u65e0\u9501\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u534f\u8bae<\/h4>\n<p>\u641c\u7d22&#xff08;\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u5305\u542b\u3001\u8ba1\u6570\u3001\u4e0b\u754c\u3001\u4e0a\u754c\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3&#xff09;\u7528\u666e\u901a\u539f\u5b50\u8bfb\u6cbf\u6811\u4e0b\u964d&#xff0c;\u4ece\u4e0d\u963b\u585e\u3002\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u9501\u4f4d\u62ec\u53f7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u8bfb\u8282\u70b9\u9501\u4f4d&#xff08;\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f&#xff09;\u2014\u2014\u82e5\u5df2\u52a0\u9501&#xff0c;\u91cd\u8bd5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bfb\u5b50\u6307\u9488&#xff08;\u677e\u5f1b\u5e8f&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u518d\u6b21\u8bfb\u8282\u70b9\u9501\u4f4d&#xff08;\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f&#xff09;\u2014\u2014\u82e5\u5df2\u52a0\u9501&#xff0c;\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u4e24\u6b21\u9501\u4f4d\u8bfb\u53d6\u90fd\u770b\u5230&#034;\u672a\u52a0\u9501&#034;&#xff0c;\u5219\u4e24\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b50\u6307\u9488\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684&#xff1a;\u4efb\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u65b9\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5b57\u6bb5\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u6301\u6709\u9501&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e24\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u4fee\u6539\u5728\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u53c8\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b50\u6307\u9488\u7528\u677e\u5f1b\u5e8f\u3002\u9996\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f\u9501\u4f4d\u8bfb\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e&#034;\u52a0\u9501\u540e\u89e3\u9501\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65b9&#034;\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5148\u884c\u53d1\u751f&#xff08;\u89e3\u9501\u662f\u91ca\u653e\u5199&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b50\u6307\u9488\u5728\u9501\u4e0b\u5199\u5165\u3001\u7ecf\u91ca\u653e\u5199\u53d1\u5e03&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f\u8bfb\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u677e\u5f1b\u8bfb\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u6805\u680f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e24\u6b21\u9501\u4f4d\u8bfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u952e\u6bd4\u8f83\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u952e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8&#xff08;\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u8bbe\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u6c38\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u68c0\u67e5\u53ea\u9700\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b50\u6307\u9488\u7a33\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u8bfb\u952e\u3002\u952e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u662f\u65e0\u9501\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u901a\u7528\u524d\u63d0\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4f7f&#034;\u6bd4\u8f83&#034;\u4e0e&#034;\u6307\u9488\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027&#034;\u89e3\u8026\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>5.3 \u66f4\u65b0\u8def\u5f84&#xff1a;\u624b\u62c9\u624b\u52a0\u9501<\/h4>\n<p>\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u6cbf\u6839\u5230\u53f6\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u52a0\u9501&#xff1a;\u4e25\u683c\u7236\u5148\u4e8e\u5b50&#xff08;\u624b\u62c9\u624b&#xff0c;hand-over-hand&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u7528\u7ecf\u5178\u7ea2\u9ed1\u4fee\u590d&#xff08;CLRS&#xff09;\u65cb\u8f6c&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u4fee\u590d\u6b65\u9aa4\u4f1a\u989d\u5916\u9501\u5b9a\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u53d4\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u4f84\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b7b\u9501\u81ea\u7531\u8bba\u8bc1&#xff1a;\u6240\u6709\u9501\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u90fd\u6cbf\u6709\u5411\u6811\u8fb9\u3001\u6839\u5230\u53f6\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u6839\u5230\u76ee\u6807&#xff09;\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6269\u5c55&#xff08;\u76ee\u6807\u5230\u540e\u7ee7\u518d\u5230\u6700\u5de6&#xff09;\u3001\u4fee\u590d\u8f85\u52a9\u8fb9&#xff08;\u7956\u7236\u5230\u7236\u3001\u7236\u5230\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u5230\u4f84\u5b50\u3001\u7956\u7236\u5230\u53d4&#xff09;\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u90fd\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u7684\u7236\u5230\u5b50\u8fb9&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u9501\u5e8f\u56fe\u662f\u6811\u7684\u5b50\u56fe&#xff0c;\u65e0\u73af\u3002\u6301\u6709 B \u7684\u9501\u800c\u8981 A \u7684\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u6709 A \u662f B \u7684\u540e\u4ee3&#xff1b;\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u9501\u4e0a\u6210\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u6b7b\u9501\u5728\u6784\u9020\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.4 \u65e0\u7236\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u540e\u7ee7\u91cd\u94fe<\/h4>\n<p>\u65e0\u7236\u6307\u9488\u3002\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u7236\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u66f4\u65b0\u8def\u5f84\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6808\u8bb0\u5f55\u6cbf\u9014\u52a0\u9501\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u6574\u7c7b&#034;\u7236\u94fe\u7ade\u4e89&#034;\u2014\u2014\u7236\u6307\u9488\u82e5\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5176\u66f4\u65b0\u4e0e\u8bfb\u53d6\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5220\u9664\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u5220\u9664\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e2d\u5e8f\u540e\u7ee7\u9876\u66ff\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6620\u5c04\u503c\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u952e\u662f const&#xff08;\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ea4\u6362\u503c&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u672c\u5e93\u91c7\u7528\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u91cd\u94fe&#xff1a;\u628a\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6574\u4f53\u79fb\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u53cc\u9ed1&#xff08;\u5220\u9664\u9ed1\u8272\u540e\u7ee7\u4ea7\u751f&#xff09;\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540e\u7ee7\u7684\u539f\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff1a;\u540e\u7ee7\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u53f3\u5b69\u5b50\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53cc\u9ed1\u5728\u540e\u7ee7\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u65e7\u53f3\u69fd&#xff0c;\u4fee\u590d\u4ece\u540e\u7ee7\u81ea\u8eab\u5f00\u59cb&#xff1b;\u5426\u5219\u4ece\u540e\u7ee7\u7684\u7236\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6240\u6709\u65cb\u8f6c\u4e0e\u91cd\u94fe\u90fd\u5728\u5df2\u52a0\u9501\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6839\u6307\u9488\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65e7\u6839\u9501\u88ab\u6301\u6709\u65f6\u6539\u53d8&#xff08;\u6839\u5904\u4fee\u590d\u65cb\u8f6c&#xff0c;\u6216\u5220\u9664\u6839&#xff09;\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7b49\u5f85\u6839\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u9501\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u6821\u9a8c\u6839\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u53d8\u4e86\u5c31\u91cd\u8bd5\u2014\u2014\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u6cbf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6574\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u5b50\u6811\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a&#034;\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u540e\u91cd\u9a8c&#034;\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u624b\u62c9\u624b\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u540e\u8865\u4e01\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.5 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std::map\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6d4b\u5f97\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u66f4\u65b0\u91cd\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u6811\u90fd\u6162\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u52a0\u9501\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u7f3a\u9677&#xff0c;\u662f\u6587\u6863\u5316\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9009\u62e9&#xff1a;\u6811\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u65e0\u9501&#xff08;\u4ece\u4e0d\u963b\u585e\u3001\u4ece\u4e0d\u4ee4\u5199\u8005\u7b49\u5f85&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bfb\u8def\u5f84\u65e0\u5355\u4e00\u4e89\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u3002\u9009\u62e9 mpmc::map \u7684\u573a\u666f\u662f\u8bfb\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5199\u8005\u963b\u585e\u3001\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u5f88\u9ad8&#xff1b;\u5c0f\u578b\u66f4\u65b0\u91cd\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e94\u9009\u62e9 std::map \u52a0\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668&#xff1a;\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u6bd4\u6807\u51c6\u5bb9\u5668\u6162\u7ea6 40%&#xff08;\u65e0\u9501\u673a\u5236\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5f00\u9500&#xff1a;\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u56de\u6536\u5b88\u536b&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u4ece\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u624d\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u5348\u9910&#xff0c;\u6587\u6863\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5348\u9910\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5199\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6 \u5de5\u7a0b\u7ec6\u8282&#xff1a;\u8282\u70b9\u6c60\u4e0e\u5206\u914d\u5668\u7eaa\u5f8b<\/h3>\n<h4>6.1 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\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u5206\u7247&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9996\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5206\u914d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5206\u7247&#xff08;\u4e00\u6b21\u5747\u644a\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u8ba1\u6570\u9012\u589e&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u6b64\u540e\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6c60\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u9501\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5206\u7247&#xff0c;\u5176\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u53ea\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95f4\u6d41\u8f6c&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6c60\u6d41\u91cf\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\u5728\u5176\u6c34\u4f4d\u4efd\u989d\u5904\u6392\u7a7a&#xff08;\u603b\u9a7b\u7559\u6709\u754c&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u5bb9\u5668\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u6392\u7a7a\u6240\u6709\u5206\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ea6\u675f\u503c\u5f97\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff1a;\u5206\u7247\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8\u7684&#xff0c;\u6c60\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6c60\u4e5f\u505a\u6210\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u4e24\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;\u5176\u4e00&#xff0c;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6790\u6784\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ec8\u7ed3\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff08;\u628a\u9000\u4f11\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ea4\u8fd8\u6c60&#xff09;\u4e0e\u6c60\u81ea\u8eab\u6790\u6784\u7684\u5148\u540e\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7&#xff1b;\u5176\u4e8c&#xff0c;\u6c60\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5bb9\u5668\u6d3b\u5f97\u4e45&#xff08;\u56de\u6536\u52a8\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u6790\u6784\u540e\u8fd0\u884c&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8\u6c60\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u9759\u6001\u6c60\u52a0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8\u7d22\u5f15&#xff0c;\u517c\u5f97\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6.3 \u5206\u914d\u5668\u5e73\u8861\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168<\/h4>\n<p>\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u914d\u8d70\u7528\u6237\u5206\u914d\u5668&#xff1b;\u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25\u4ee5\u5206\u914d\u5668\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u629b\u51fa\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301&#xff1a;\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5bb9\u5668&#xff1b;\u56de\u6536\u7c3f\u8bb0&#xff08;\u8ddf\u8e2a\u9000\u4f11\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5411\u91cf&#xff09;\u5728\u6784\u9020\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u9f50\u2014\u2014\u5148\u63a8\u6307\u9488\u3001\u518d\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u52a8\u4f5c\u63a8\u5165\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u56de\u9000\u6307\u9488\u63a8\u5165&#xff0c;\u4e24\u5411\u91cf\u6c38\u4e0d\u5931\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u952e\u4e0e\u6620\u5c04\u7c7b\u578b\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u629b\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u3001\u4e0d\u629b\u6790\u6784&#xff08;\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u65ad\u8a00\u5f3a\u5236&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa&#xff1b;\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u5206\u914d\u5668\u8c03\u7528\u4e0e\u4e0b\u6807\u8d8a\u754c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u5f02\u5e38\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u8303\u56f4\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5c0f\u3001\u53ef\u7a77\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7 \u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<p>\u65e0\u9501\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6210\u672c\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5982\u5b9e\u91cf\u5316\u3002\u672c\u8282\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4ee5 64 \u4f4d\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u8f7d\u8377\u4e3a int \u5bf9&#xff08;8 \u5b57\u8282\u952e &#043; 8 \u5b57\u8282\u503c&#xff09;\u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff1b;\u5176\u4ed6\u8f7d\u8377\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u63a8\u7b97\u3002\u7ed3\u8bba\u5148\u884c&#xff1a;\u672c\u5e93\u6bcf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ea6\u4e3a std::unordered_map \u7684\u4e24\u500d&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u6bcf\u6876\u4e00\u4e2a\u54e8\u5175\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5ef6\u8fdf\u91ca\u653e&#xff1b;\u6876\u8868\u672c\u8eab\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.1 \u6bcf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6784\u6210<\/h4>\n<p>#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ svg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .label text,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .node rect,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .node circle,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .node .label,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-tKXevLrCrnAziFoJ :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>std::unordered_map&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876&#xff08;\u6bcf\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u644a&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6876\u5355\u51438 B<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9next 8 &#043; \u54c8\u5e0c\u7f13\u5b58 8\u8f7d\u8377 16 &#061; 32 B<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u5e93&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u6bb5&#xff08;\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 1.0&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u644a&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6876\u5355\u51438 B&#xff08;\u4e0e std \u76f8\u540c&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u54e8\u5175\u8282\u70b9 dummynext 8 &#043; so_key 8\u8f7d\u8377 16 &#043; \u5f52\u5c5e 8 &#061; 40 B<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9next 8 &#043; so_key 8\u8f7d\u8377 16 &#043; \u5f52\u5c5e 8 &#061; 40 B<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7ec4\u4ef6\u672c\u5e93std::unordered_map\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6876\u8868&#xff08;\u95f4\u63a5\u8868&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>8 \u5b57\u8282\/\u6876<\/td>\n<td>8 \u5b57\u8282\/\u6876<\/td>\n<td>\u76f8\u540c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9<\/td>\n<td>\u7ea6 40 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\n<td>\u7ea6 32 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\n<td>\u672c\u5e93\u7684 so_key \u5bf9\u5e94 std \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7f13\u5b58&#xff0c;\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u4ef7&#xff0c;\u975e\u51c0\u589e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6876\u54e8\u5175&#xff08;dummy&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u6bcf\u6876\u7ea6 40 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class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8282\u70b9\u6c60<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6ede\u7559\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u4e0a\u754c&#xff1a;\u4e16\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u4ee3&#xff08;\u5220\u9664\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u4e16\u4ee3\u524d\u8fdb\u7f13\u6162\u65f6\u9a7b\u7559\u66f4\u4e45&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488\u65b9\u6848\u4e3a&#034;\u6240\u6709\u69fd\u4e0d\u518d\u5f15\u7528&#034;\u3002\u6b64\u5916&#xff0c;\u9000\u5f79\u8282\u70b9\u5148\u8fdb\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u6c60&#xff08;\u6309\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5171\u4eab\u3001\u5206\u7247\u4fdd\u5b58&#xff0c;\u603b\u9a7b\u7559\u6709\u754c&#xff09;\u800c\u975e\u7acb\u5373\u5f52\u8fd8\u5206\u914d\u5668\u2014\u2014\u6c60\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u754c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4fdd\u7559&#xff0c;\u6362\u53d6\u6362\u624b\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0b\u907f\u514d\u5206\u914d\u5668\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.4 \u7f13\u89e3\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0e\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u53d6\u820d<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9884\u7559\u5bb9\u91cf&#xff1a;\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6309\u9884\u671f\u89c4\u6a21\u9884\u7559\u6876\u6570&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u53cc\u8868\u5cf0\u503c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u9009\u62e9\u56de\u6536\u65b9\u6848&#xff1a;\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u9000\u4f11\u5217\u8868\u8fbe\u5230\u9608\u503c\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u626b\u63cf\u56de\u6536&#xff0c;\u6ede\u7559\u7a97\u53e3\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u77ed&#xff08;\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u5e03-\u6821\u9a8c\u5f00\u9500\u66f4\u9ad8&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u60f0\u6027\u7269\u5316&#xff1a;\u4ece\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6876\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u54e8\u5175\u2014\u2014\u7a00\u758f\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5b58\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7a33\u6001\u4f30\u7b97&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u53d6\u820d\u9648\u8ff0&#xff1a;\u7ea6 2 \u500d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6362\u53d6\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u6269\u5bb9\u65e0\u505c\u987f\u3001\u5355\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362\u539f\u5b50\u53d1\u5e03\u3001\u8bfb\u8005\u6c38\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u5199\u8005\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u6781\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5e94\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u524d\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u8ba1\u5165\u6743\u8861\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>8 \u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0e\u8bda\u5b9e\u89e3\u8bfb<\/h3>\n<h4>7.1 \u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66<\/h4>\n<p>\u57fa\u51c6\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u673a\u5668&#xff08;clang 17&#xff0c;\u53d1\u5e03\u6784\u5efa&#xff0c;Windows x64&#xff09;\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u8d1f\u8f7d&#xff1a;\u6df7\u5408&#xff08;40% \u63d2\u5165\/40% \u5220\u9664\/20% \u67e5\u627e&#xff0c;\u79c1\u6709\u952e\u8303\u56f4\u52a0\u5171\u4eab\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u627e&#xff09;\u4e0e\u8bfb\u591a&#xff08;10%\/10%\/80%&#xff09;\u3002\u6bcf\u5355\u5143\u4e3a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u53ef\u590d\u73b0\u8fd0\u884c&#xff08;\u56fa\u5b9a\u6bcf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u968f\u673a\u79cd\u5b50&#xff09;\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u673a\u5668\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5728 35%-90% \u4e4b\u95f4\u6ce2\u52a8&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u4ee5\u533a\u95f4\u62a5\u544a&#xff0c;\u5b9a\u6027\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff08;\u4e16\u4ee3\u4f18\u4e8e\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488\u3001\u6811\u66f4\u65b0\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u3001\u65e0\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668\u968f\u6838\u5fc3\u6269\u5c55&#xff09;\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.2 \u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u89e3\u8bfb<\/h4>\n<p>\u65e0\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668\u5bf9&#034;\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u52a0\u4e92\u65a5\u9501&#034;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bfb\u591a\u8d1f\u8f7d&#xff1a;2 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d77\u8d85\u8d8a&#xff08;8 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ea6 2.2-12.9 \u500d\u533a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u89c1\u6587\u6863\u6570\u636e\u8868&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6df7\u5408\u8d1f\u8f7d&#xff1a;4 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d77\u8d85\u8d8a&#xff08;8 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ea6 1.26 \u500d&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u7ea6 0.6 \u500d\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u9501\u673a\u5236\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5f00\u9500&#xff0c;\u5982\u5b9e\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u65e0\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668\u805a\u5408\u6df7\u5408\u541e\u5410\u5728 4 \u5230 16 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u5e73&#xff08;\u7ea6 4000 \u4e07\u6b21\u6bcf\u79d2&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5171\u4eab\u94fe\u8868\u53ca\u5176\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u4e0a\u9650&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u53ea\u8bfb 16 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ea6 7.4 \u4ebf\u6b21\u6bcf\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668&#xff1a;\u66f4\u65b0\u8def\u5f84\u4e32\u884c\u5316&#xff0c;\u66f4\u65b0\u91cd\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u4e0b\u90fd\u6162\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u5e93&#xff1b;\u8bfb\u591a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u968f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u62c9\u8fd1\u5dee\u8ddd&#xff08;8 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ea6 0.83 \u500d\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u8868\u8ff0\u8981\u70b9\u662f&#xff1a;\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u662f\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684&#xff08;\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6784\u6210\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u3001\u673a\u5668\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7a97\u53e3&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5355\u70b9\u6570\u5b57\u4e0d\u53ef\u5916\u63a8\u3002\u6587\u6863\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u7ed9\u51fa\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u533a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9192\u76ee\u7684\u500d\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>9 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba<\/h3>\n<p>\u5e76\u53d1\u4ee3\u7801\u65e0\u6cd5\u9760&#034;\u591a\u8dd1\u51e0\u6b21&#034;\u8bc1\u660e\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u672c\u5e93\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u591a\u5c42\u4e92\u8865\u7684&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u968f\u673a\u5316\u5bf9\u7167\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff1a;\u56fa\u5b9a\u79cd\u5b50&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u6807\u51c6\u5bb9\u5668\u505a\u9010\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u7167&#xff08;\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u3001\u8fb9\u754c&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5931\u8d25\u5373\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u53ef\u590d\u73b0&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5e76\u53d1\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u79c1\u6709\u952e\u8303\u56f4\u52a0\u5171\u4eab\u8bfb&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u952e\u7684\u6700\u540e\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u6821\u9a8c\u6bcf\u952e\u7684\u671f\u671b\u72b6\u6001&#xff1b;\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u5668\u6309\u7ebf\u7a0b\u56fa\u5b9a\u79cd\u5b50&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u7cbe\u786e\u91cd\u653e\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f&#034;\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u590d\u73b0&#034;\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7ea2\u9ed1\u5e73\u8861\u56de\u5f52&#xff1a;\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u540e\u6bcf\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u6821\u9a8c\u7ea2\u9ed1\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf&#xff08;\u65e0\u7ea2\u7ea2\u3001\u9ed1\u9ad8\u76f8\u7b49&#xff09;\u2014\u2014\u987a\u5e8f\/\u5927\u5c0f\u5bf9\u7167\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u518d\u5e73\u8861\u6f02\u79fb\u53ea\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u6821\u9a8c\u80fd\u6355\u83b7&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8ba1\u6570\u5206\u914d\u5668&#xff1a;\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e\u7cbe\u786e\u8ba1\u6570\u5e76\u65ad\u8a00\u76f8\u7b49\u2014\u2014\u4efb\u4f55\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6216\u8fc7\u5ea6\u91ca\u653e\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u65ad\u8a00\u5931\u8d25&#xff08;\u5b83\u66fe\u6355\u83b7\u6811\u6790\u6784\u6cc4\u6f0f&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6d88\u6bd2\u5668&#xff1a;\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u6d88\u6bd2\u5668&#xff08;clang&#xff09;\u4e0e\u5730\u5740\u6d88\u6bd2\u5668&#xff08;MSVC&#xff09;\u8dd1\u5b8c\u6574\u5957\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u68c0\u67e5&#xff1a;\u8d1f\u7f16\u8bd1\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff08;\u53ef\u629b\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u7684\u952e\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd&#xff09;\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u7279\u5f81\u65ad\u8a00&#xff08;\u4e0d\u53ef\u590d\u5236\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8b66\u544a\u95e8\u7981&#xff1a;MSVC \u4e25\u683c\u8b66\u544a\u7b49\u7ea7\u96f6\u8b66\u544a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5168\u90e8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6e90&#xff1b;\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u7eaf ASCII\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u540c\u6837\u8981\u5982\u5b9e\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;\u6d88\u6bd2\u5668\u53ea\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5230\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u751f\u6548&#xff1b;\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ea4\u9519\u4e0d\u53ef\u7a77\u4e3e&#xff1b;\u9ed1\u76d2\u5bf9\u7167\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc1\u660e\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u70b9\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u7531\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c42\u8bba\u8bc1&#xff08;\u7b2c 4.4\u30015.3 \u8282&#xff09;\u8865\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>10 \u7ed3\u8bed<\/h3>\n<p>\u65e0\u9501\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u662f&#034;\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u73b0\u5b9e\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u7eaa\u5f8b&#034;\u56db\u8005\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8bd5\u56fe\u5448\u73b0\u7684&#xff0c;\u662f\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u6559\u8bad&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ed3\u6784\u51b3\u5b9a\u53ef\u884c\u6027&#xff1a;\u5206\u79bb\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u628a\u6269\u5bb9\u53d8\u6210&#034;\u6307\u9488\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#034;&#xff0c;\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u7684\u591a\u70b9\u66f4\u65b0\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u6298\u4e2d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u56de\u6536\u662f\u5730\u57fa&#xff1a;\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u56de\u6536&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5207\u65e0\u9501\u90fd\u662f\u60ac\u5782&#xff1b;\u4e24\u4ee3\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488\u626b\u63cf\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5f62\u5f0f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ea0\u6b63\u76f4\u89c9&#xff1a;\u4e24\u5904\u74f6\u9888&#xff08;\u6392\u7a7a\u95e8\u63a7\u3001\u6c60\u9501&#xff09;\u90fd\u662f&#034;\u770b\u4f3c\u5e38\u6570\u3001\u5b9e\u4e3a\u5168\u5c40\u4e89\u7528&#034;\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u89e6\u53d1\u9891\u7387\u653e\u5927&#xff1b;\u5b9a\u4f4d\u9760\u8ba1\u6570&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9760\u731c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bda\u5b9e\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5929\u82b1\u677f&#xff0c;\u90fd\u5e94\u5199\u8fdb\u6587\u6863&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u547d\u9898&#xff1a;\u65e0\u9501\u4e0d\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u5348\u9910&#xff0c;\u5b83\u628a\u9501\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6362\u6210\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u503c\u5f97\u4ed8\u51fa&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u5e94\u7528\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u963b\u585e\u7684\u8bfb\u3001\u65e0\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u5199\u3001\u968f\u6838\u5fc3\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u541e\u5410\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u6839\u636e&#xff0c;\u662f\u6d4b\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>11 \u4ee3\u7801\u8d70\u8bfb&#xff1a;\u6838\u5fc3\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u9010\u884c\u5256\u6790<\/h3>\n<p>\u672c\u8282\u4ee5\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u5448\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5faa\u73af&#xff0c;\u9010\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5206\u652f&#xff0c;\u7701\u7565\u6a21\u677f\u4e0e\u5b8f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>11.1 \u65e0\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u63d2\u5165<\/h4>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff08;locate&#xff09;\u662f\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u9aa8\u67b6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>locate(\u6df7\u5408\u54c8\u5e0c, \u76ee\u6807\u5206\u88c2\u952e):<br \/>\n  \u5faa\u73af:<br \/>\n    \u8868 &#061; \u8bfb\u8868\u6307\u9488(\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f)<br \/>\n    \u6876\u53f7 &#061; \u6df7\u5408\u54c8\u5e0c &amp; (\u8868\u5927\u5c0f &#8211; 1)<br \/>\n    \u6876\u8282\u70b9 &#061; \u8bfb\u8868.\u6876[\u6876\u53f7](\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f)<br \/>\n    \u82e5\u6876\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u7a7a:<br \/>\n      \u7269\u5316\u8be5\u6876(\u9012\u5f52\u7269\u5316\u7236\u6876, \u521b\u5efa\u6876\u8282\u70b9\u94fe\u5165\u94fe\u8868, \u53d1\u5e03\u6876\u5355\u5143)<br \/>\n      \u7ee7\u7eed\u5faa\u73af<br \/>\n    \u524d\u9a71 &#061; \u6876\u8282\u70b9<br \/>\n    \u53d1\u5e03\u524d\u9a71\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u69fd<br \/>\n    \u5f53\u524d &#061; \u4fdd\u62a4\u8bfb(\u524d\u9a71.\u540e\u7ee7)          # \u8bfb\u540e\u7ee7\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03<br \/>\n    \u5faa\u73af:<br \/>\n      \u82e5 \u5f53\u524d\u4e3a\u7a7a \u6216 \u5f53\u524d.\u5206\u88c2\u952e &gt;&#061; \u76ee\u6807\u952e: \u8fd4\u56de(\u524d\u9a71, \u5f53\u524d)<br \/>\n      \u539f\u59cb\u540e\u7ee7 &#061; \u8bfb \u5f53\u524d.\u540e\u7ee7(\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f)   # \u5355\u6b21\u52a0\u8f7d<br \/>\n      \u82e5 \u539f\u59cb\u540e\u7ee7 \u5e26\u6807\u8bb0:<br \/>\n        \u5e2e\u52a9\u6458\u94fe: \u524d\u9a71.\u540e\u7ee7 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362(\u671f\u671b&#061;\u5e26\u6807\u8bb0\u5f53\u524d, \u65b0\u503c&#061;\u6e05\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u540e\u7ee7)<br \/>\n        \u5f53\u524d &#061; \u4fdd\u62a4\u8bfb(\u524d\u9a71.\u540e\u7ee7)<br \/>\n      \u5426\u5219:<br \/>\n        \u524d\u9a71 &#061; \u5f53\u524d; \u53d1\u5e03\u524d\u9a71<br \/>\n        \u5f53\u524d &#061; \u4fdd\u62a4\u8bfb(\u524d\u9a71.\u540e\u7ee7)<\/p>\n<p>\u9010\u884c\u7406\u7531&#xff1a;\u8868\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u6876\u5355\u5143\u7528\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u770b\u5230\u53d1\u5e03\u8005\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6876\u8282\u70b9&#xff1b;\u7a7a\u6876\u5148\u7269\u5316\u518d\u91cd\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u67e5\u627e\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1b;\u524d\u9a71\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u69fd\u540e\u518d\u8bfb\u540e\u7ee7&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u540e\u7ee7\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u524d\u88ab\u56de\u6536&#xff1b;\u5355\u6b21\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u540e\u7ee7\u539f\u59cb\u503c\u540c\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u4e09\u4e2a\u7528\u9014&#xff08;\u6807\u8bb0\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u6e05\u9664\u540e\u4f5c\u9884\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362\u671f\u671b\u503c&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u9047\u5230\u5df2\u6807\u8bb0\u8282\u70b9\u987a\u624b\u5e2e\u52a9\u6458\u94fe&#xff08;\u5e2e\u52a9\u8005\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;\u2014\u2014\u6458\u94fe\u662f\u5e42\u7b49\u7684&#xff0c;\u8c01\u505a\u90fd\u884c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u505a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u6b63\u786e\u6027&#xff0c;\u53ea\u62d6\u5ef6\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d2\u5165&#xff08;insert_from&#xff09;\u4ece\u6876\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u6cbf\u94fe\u8868\u524d\u8fdb&#xff0c;\u627e\u5230\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u540e\u6267\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u63d2\u5165(\u8d77\u59cb\u6876\u8282\u70b9, \u65b0\u8282\u70b9):<br \/>\n  \u5faa\u73af:<br \/>\n    \u524d\u9a71 &#061; \u8d77\u59cb; \u53d1\u5e03\u524d\u9a71<br \/>\n    \u5f53\u524d &#061; \u4fdd\u62a4\u8bfb(\u524d\u9a71.\u540e\u7ee7)<br \/>\n    \u5faa\u73af:<br \/>\n      \u82e5 \u5f53\u524d\u4e3a\u7a7a \u6216 \u5f53\u524d.\u5206\u88c2\u952e &gt;&#061; \u65b0\u8282\u70b9.\u5206\u88c2\u952e:<br \/>\n        \u65b0\u8282\u70b9.\u540e\u7ee7 &#061; \u5f53\u524d                    # \u5148\u63a5\u597d\u518d\u53d1\u5e03\u81ea\u5df1<br \/>\n        \u671f\u671b &#061; \u5e26\u6807\u8bb0\u503c<br \/>\n        \u82e5 \u671f\u671b \u5e26\u6807\u8bb0: \u8df3\u51fa\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u91cd\u8bd5       # \u62d2\u7edd\u5df2\u6807\u8bb0\u524d\u9a71<br \/>\n        \u82e5 \u524d\u9a71.\u540e\u7ee7 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362(\u671f\u671b, \u65b0\u8282\u70b9) \u6210\u529f: \u8fd4\u56de<br \/>\n        \u8df3\u51fa\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u91cd\u8bd5                       # \u524d\u9a71\u5df2\u53d8: \u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d<br \/>\n      &#8230;\u524d\u8fdb&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u70b9\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u90a3\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e24\u79cd&#xff1a;\u524d\u9a71\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0&#xff08;\u5fc5\u987b\u653e\u5f03\u2014\u2014\u5426\u5219\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u4f1a\u968f\u524d\u9a71\u7684\u6458\u94fe\u88ab\u5b64\u7acb&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6216\u524d\u9a71\u7684\u540e\u7ee7\u88ab\u5e76\u53d1\u4fee\u6539&#xff08;\u91cd\u6765&#xff09;\u3002\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u5148\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540e\u7ee7\u6307\u597d\u518d\u53d1\u5e03\u81ea\u5df1&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53d1\u5e03\u77ac\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5b8c\u6574\u2014\u2014\u8bfb\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u770b\u5230&#034;\u5df2\u5165\u94fe\u4f46\u540e\u7ee7\u60ac\u7a7a&#034;\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>11.2 \u65e0\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6807\u8bb0-\u6458\u94fe-\u56de\u6536<\/h4>\n<p>\u5220\u9664(\u952e):<br \/>\n  \u5faa\u73af:<br \/>\n    \u5b9a\u4f4d(\u952e) -&gt; (\u524d\u9a71, \u5f53\u524d)<br \/>\n    \u82e5 \u5f53\u524d \u4e3a\u7a7a \u6216 \u5f53\u524d.\u5206\u88c2\u952e !&#061; \u76ee\u6807: \u8fd4\u56de \u5931\u8d25<br \/>\n    \u82e5 \u5f53\u524d.\u540e\u7ee7 \u5e26\u6807\u8bb0: \u7ee7\u7eed\u5faa\u73af             # \u5df2\u88ab\u5e76\u53d1\u5220\u9664<br \/>\n    \u82e5 \u5f53\u524d.\u540e\u7ee7 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362(\u671f\u671b, \u7f6e\u6807\u8bb0) \u5931\u8d25: \u7ee7\u7eed\u5faa\u73af<br \/>\n    # \u6807\u8bb0\u6210\u529f: \u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u70b9<br \/>\n    \u6458\u94fe(\u524d\u9a71, \u5f53\u524d, \u6df7\u5408\u54c8\u5e0c, \u5206\u88c2\u952e)<br \/>\n    \u56de\u6536(\u5f53\u524d)<br \/>\n    \u8ba1\u6570\u9012\u51cf<br \/>\n    \u8fd4\u56de \u6210\u529f<\/p>\n<p>\u6807\u8bb0\u4e0e\u6458\u94fe\u5206\u79bb\u662f\u523b\u610f\u7684&#xff1a;\u6807\u8bb0\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u70b9&#xff08;\u6b64\u540e\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u627e\u4e0d\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u5143\u7d20&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6458\u94fe\u53ea\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u56de\u6536\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6458\u94fe\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5bf9\u524d\u9a71\u540e\u7ee7\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362&#xff08;\u671f\u671b&#061;\u5df2\u6807\u8bb0\u76ee\u6807&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5e76\u6309\u6307\u9488\u626b\u63cf\u8fd0\u884c&#xff08;\u6307\u9488\u552f\u4e00&#xff0c;\u952e\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u590d&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u88ab\u6458\u9664\u6216\u8bc1\u660e\u5df2\u88ab\u5e2e\u52a9\u8005\u6458\u9664\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u88ab\u6458\u9664\u540e\u624d\u4ea4\u7ed9\u56de\u6536\u5668\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f&#034;\u5148\u6458\u94fe\u3001\u540e\u56de\u6536&#034;\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u843d\u70b9&#xff0c;\u8fdd\u53cd\u5b83&#xff08;\u56de\u6536\u4ecd\u5728\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u8282\u70b9&#xff09;\u5c31\u662f\u60ac\u5782\u6307\u9488\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>11.3 \u65e0\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u5355\u6b21\u53d1\u5e03<\/h4>\n<p>\u6269\u5bb9(\u5f3a\u5236 &#061; \u5047):<br \/>\n  \u82e5 \u6269\u5bb9\u6807\u5fd7 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362(\u5047 -&gt; \u771f) \u5931\u8d25: \u8fd4\u56de    # \u552f\u4e00\u8d62\u5bb6<br \/>\n  \u5faa\u73af:<br \/>\n    \u8868 &#061; \u8bfb\u8868\u6307\u9488<br \/>\n    \u82e5 \u8ba1\u6570 &lt;&#061; \u9608\u503c \u4e14 \u975e\u5f3a\u5236: \u7ed3\u675f<br \/>\n    \u65b0\u8868 &#061; \u5206\u914d\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316(\u5927\u5c0f &#061; \u8868.\u5927\u5c0f * 2)     # \u5168\u90e8\u5355\u5143\u7f6e\u7a7a<br \/>\n    \u62f7\u8d1d \u8868.\u6876[0 .. \u8868.\u5927\u5c0f-1] -&gt; \u65b0\u8868         # \u53ea\u62f7\u4e0b\u534a<br \/>\n    \u82e5 \u8868\u6307\u9488 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362(\u8868 -&gt; \u65b0\u8868) \u6210\u529f:<br \/>\n      \u65e7\u8868\u4ea4\u7ed9\u56de\u6536\u5668<br \/>\n      \u7ee7\u7eed\u5faa\u73af                                 # \u8ba1\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u53c8\u8d85\u9608\u503c: \u518d\u6269<br \/>\n    \u5426\u5219: \u7ed3\u675f                                 # \u6709\u522b\u4eba\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u65b0\u8868<br \/>\n  \u91ca\u653e\u6269\u5bb9\u6807\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u70b9&#xff1a;\u65b0\u8868\u53d1\u5e03\u524d&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u534a\u6876\u5355\u5143\u5df2\u6307\u5411\u65e7\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u6876\u8282\u70b9&#xff08;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6876\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u65e7\u8868\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185\u4e0d\u53d8&#xff0c;\u62f7\u8d1d\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u4e0a\u534a\u6876\u5355\u5143\u4fdd\u6301\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u7531\u9996\u6b21\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u7269\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53d1\u5e03\u65b0\u8868\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709\u6876\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u6790\u2014\u2014\u8981\u4e48\u6307\u5411\u73b0\u6210\u6876\u8282\u70b9&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u89e6\u53d1\u60f0\u6027\u7269\u5316\u3002\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u96f6\u6210\u672c\u7684&#xff1a;\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u6269\u5bb9\u6807\u5fd7\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u8fd4\u56de&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8868\u3002\u6807\u5fd7\u6301\u6709\u8005\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u5931\u8d25\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u5206\u652f&#xff08;\u6b63\u5e38\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u6301\u6709\u6807\u5fd7\u671f\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u6307\u9488&#xff09;\u2014\u2014\u8be5\u5206\u652f\u76f4\u63a5\u91ca\u653e\u672a\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u65b0\u8868&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>11.4 \u6709\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u62ec\u53f7\u534f\u8bae<\/h4>\n<p>\u641c\u7d22(\u952e):<br \/>\n  \u5faa\u73af:<br \/>\n    \u5f53\u524d &#061; \u8bfb\u6839\u6307\u9488(\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f)<br \/>\n    \u53d1\u5e03\u6839\u6307\u9488<br \/>\n    \u82e5 \u6839\u6307\u9488 \u91cd\u8bfb !&#061; \u5f53\u524d: \u7ee7\u7eed\u5faa\u73af          # \u6839\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u671f\u95f4\u53d8\u4e86<br \/>\n    \u5faa\u73af:<br \/>\n      \u82e5 \u5f53\u524d \u4e3a\u7a7a: \u8fd4\u56de(\u672a\u627e\u5230, \u6700\u540e\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9)<br \/>\n      \u8bfb \u5f53\u524d.\u9501\u4f4d(\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f)                     # \u62ec\u53f7\u524d<br \/>\n      \u82e5 \u5df2\u52a0\u9501: \u4ece\u5934\u91cd\u8bd5<br \/>\n      \u6bd4\u8f83\u7ed3\u679c &#061; \u6bd4\u8f83(\u952e, \u5f53\u524d.\u952e)             # \u4e24\u6b21\u9501\u4f4d\u8bfb\u4e4b\u95f4<br \/>\n      \u5b50 &#061; \u8bfb \u5f53\u524d.\u5de6\u6216\u53f3(\u677e\u5f1b\u5e8f)<br \/>\n      \u9884\u53d6(\u5b50)                                # \u4ec5 x86<br \/>\n      \u8bfb \u5f53\u524d.\u9501\u4f4d(\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f)                     # \u62ec\u53f7\u540e<br \/>\n      \u82e5 \u5df2\u52a0\u9501: \u4ece\u5934\u91cd\u8bd5<br \/>\n      \u6309\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ed3\u679c\u51b3\u5b9a: \u76f8\u7b49 -&gt; \u8fd4\u56de \u5f53\u524d; \u5c0f\u4e8e -&gt; \u4e0b\u964d\u5230\u5de6; \u5927\u4e8e -&gt; \u4e0b\u964d\u5230\u53f3<\/p>\n<p>\u62ec\u53f7\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u662f&#xff1a;\u4e24\u6b21\u9501\u4f4d\u83b7\u53d6\u8bfb\u4e4b\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4fee\u6539\u65b9\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u78b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9&#xff08;\u672a\u52a0\u9501&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u52a0\u9501\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u53c8\u89e3\u9501&#xff08;\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\u5230\u5df2\u52a0\u9501\u5219\u91cd\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8bfb\u5230\u5df2\u52a0\u9501\u4e5f\u91cd\u8bd5&#xff09;\u3002\u6392\u9664\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u540e&#xff0c;\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u677e\u5f1b\u5b50\u6307\u9488\u8bfb\u5fc5\u7136\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u952e\u6bd4\u8f83\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u9501\u4f4d\u8bfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u952e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u68c0\u67e5\u53ea\u9700\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b50\u6307\u9488\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>11.5 \u6709\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u66f4\u65b0\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u52a0\u9501-\u91cd\u9a8c-\u4fee\u590d<\/h4>\n<p>\u9501\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84(\u952e):                               # \u624b\u62c9\u624b<br \/>\n  \u5faa\u73af:<br \/>\n    \u8def\u5f84\u6808\u6e05\u7a7a<br \/>\n    \u5f53\u524d &#061; \u8bfb\u6839\u6307\u9488(\u83b7\u53d6\u5e8f)<br \/>\n    \u82e5 \u5f53\u524d \u4e3a\u7a7a: \u8fd4\u56de \u7a7a\u6811<br \/>\n    \u9501\u5b9a(\u5f53\u524d)                               # \u81ea\u65cb<br \/>\n    \u82e5 \u6839\u6307\u9488 \u91cd\u8bfb !&#061; \u5f53\u524d:                  # \u7b49\u5f85\u9501\u671f\u95f4\u6839\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u4e86<br \/>\n      \u89e3\u9501(\u5f53\u524d); \u7ee7\u7eed\u5faa\u73af                    # \u91cd\u9a8c\u6839: \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<br \/>\n    \u8def\u5f84\u6808\u538b\u5165(\u5f53\u524d)<br \/>\n    \u5faa\u73af:<br \/>\n      \u6bd4\u8f83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0b\u964d\u65b9\u5411<br \/>\n       \u82e5 \u76f8\u7b49: \u8fd4\u56de (\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807, \u8def\u5f84)<br \/>\n       \u5b50 &#061; \u8bfb \u5f53\u524d.\u76f8\u5e94\u5b50\u6307\u9488(\u677e\u5f1b\u5e8f)      # \u7236\u9501\u5df2\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u89c1\u6027<br \/>\n       \u82e5 \u5b50 \u4e3a\u7a7a: \u8fd4\u56de (\u63d2\u5165\/\u5220\u9664\u4f4d\u7f6e, \u8def\u5f84)<br \/>\n       \u9501\u5b9a(\u5b50)<br \/>\n       \u8def\u5f84\u6808\u538b\u5165(\u5b50)<br \/>\n       \u5f53\u524d &#061; \u5b50<\/p>\n<p>&#034;\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u540e\u91cd\u9a8c\u6839&#034;\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u2014\u2014\u6839\u6307\u9488\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65e7\u6839\u9501\u88ab\u6301\u6709\u65f6\u6539\u53d8&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5f85\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u6839&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u6cbf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6574\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u5b50\u6811\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4e0b\u964d\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u8bfb\u5b50\u6307\u9488\u7528\u677e\u5f1b\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u88ab\u672c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\u5b9a&#xff08;\u52a0\u9501\u4e3a\u83b7\u53d6\u91ca\u653e\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u89e3\u9501\u4e3a\u91ca\u653e\u5199&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u9501\u672c\u8eab\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b50\u6307\u9488\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u540c\u6b65\u3002\u4fee\u590d\u9636\u6bb5\u6309\u8def\u5f84\u6808\u81ea\u53f6\u5411\u6839\u56de\u5377&#xff0c;\u9010\u8282\u70b9\u89e3\u9501&#xff08;\u5c3d\u65e9\u91ca\u653e&#xff0c;\u7f29\u77ed\u9501\u6301\u6709\u65f6\u95f4&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u6d89\u53ca\u53d4\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u4f84\u5b50\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u5728\u9501\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u4fee\u590d\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8def\u5f84\u6808\u5168\u90e8\u89e3\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>12 \u5185\u5b58\u5e8f\u9010\u70b9\u8bba\u8bc1<\/h3>\n<p>\u65e0\u9501\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u6838\u5fc3\u662f&#034;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f&#034;\u3002\u4e0b\u8868\u7ed9\u51fa\u5173\u952e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u7406\u7531&#xff08;\u83b7\u53d6&#061;\u8bfb\u540c\u6b65\u4fa7&#xff0c;\u91ca\u653e&#061;\u5199\u540c\u6b65\u4fa7&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e8f\u7406\u7531<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e16\u4ee3\u8fdb\u5165<\/td>\n<td>\u8bfb\u5168\u5c40\u4e16\u4ee3<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0e\u4e16\u4ee3\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u5199\u914d\u5bf9&#xff0c;\u770b\u5230\u63a8\u8fdb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e16\u4ee3\u8fdb\u5165<\/td>\n<td>\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8ba1\u6570\u9012\u589e<\/td>\n<td>\u677e\u5f1b<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6\u8bfb\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u987a\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u589e\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u9700\u540c\u6b65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e16\u4ee3\u79bb\u5f00<\/td>\n<td>\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8ba1\u6570\u9012\u51cf<\/td>\n<td>\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<td>\u628a\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bfb\u53d1\u5e03\u7ed9\u63a8\u8fdb\u8005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e16\u4ee3\u63a8\u8fdb<\/td>\n<td>\u5168\u5c40\u4e16\u4ee3\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<td>\u65e2\u8bfb\u53c8\u5199&#xff0c;\u4e24\u4fa7\u90fd\u8981<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9000\u4f11\u5165\u961f<\/td>\n<td>\u9000\u4f11\u603b\u6570\u9012\u589e<\/td>\n<td>\u677e\u5f1b<\/td>\n<td>\u4ec5\u89e6\u53d1\u9608\u503c\u68c0\u67e5&#xff0c;\u65e0\u540c\u6b65\u9700\u6c42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u94fe\u8868\u904d\u5386<\/td>\n<td>\u8bfb\u540e\u7ee7\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6<\/td>\n<td>\u770b\u5230\u524d\u9a71\u7684\u53d1\u5e03&#xff08;\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u94fe&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63d2\u5165<\/td>\n<td>\u540e\u7ee7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<td>\u53d1\u5e03\u81ea\u5df1&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u53d1\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0<\/td>\n<td>\u540e\u7ee7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<td>\u540c\u4e0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6458\u94fe<\/td>\n<td>\u540e\u7ee7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<td>\u540c\u4e0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6876\u5355\u5143<\/td>\n<td>\u8bfb<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6<\/td>\n<td>\u770b\u5230\u7269\u5316\u8005\u7684\u53d1\u5e03<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6876\u5355\u5143<\/td>\n<td>\u7269\u5316\u53d1\u5e03<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<td>\u53d1\u5e03\u6876\u8282\u70b9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8868\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<td>\u8bfb<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6<\/td>\n<td>\u770b\u5230\u6269\u5bb9\u8005\u7684\u53d1\u5e03<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8868\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<td>\u6269\u5bb9\u53d1\u5e03<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<td>\u53d1\u5e03\u65b0\u8868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9501\u4f4d<\/td>\n<td>\u8bfb<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6<\/td>\n<td>\u62ec\u53f7\u534f\u8bae\u4e24\u4fa7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9501\u4f4d<\/td>\n<td>\u5199<\/td>\n<td>\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<td>\u53d1\u5e03\u9501\u4e0b\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b50\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<td>\u8bfb<\/td>\n<td>\u677e\u5f1b<\/td>\n<td>\u9501\u4f4d\u62ec\u53f7\u5df2\u63d0\u4f9b\u987a\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6c60\u5206\u7247\u9501<\/td>\n<td>\u52a0\u9501\/\u89e3\u9501<\/td>\n<td>\u83b7\u53d6\/\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<td>\u6807\u51c6\u9501\u8bed\u4e49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6c60\u5206\u7247\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>\n<td>\u5168\u5c40\u8ba1\u6570\u9012\u589e<\/td>\n<td>\u677e\u5f1b<\/td>\n<td>\u4ec5\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7f13\u5b58\u9608\u503c<\/td>\n<td>\u8bfb\/\u5199<\/td>\n<td>\u677e\u5f1b<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0b\u754c\u6027\u8d28\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ea\u591a\u8d70\u6162\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4e24\u6761\u7edf\u4e00\u539f\u5219&#xff1a;\u9700\u8981\u770b\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5e03&#xff0c;\u5c31\u7528\u83b7\u53d6&#xff1b;\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5199&#xff0c;\u5c31\u7528\u91ca\u653e&#xff1b;\u4e24\u8005\u517c\u9700&#xff0c;\u7528\u83b7\u53d6\u91ca\u653e&#xff1b;\u5176\u4f59\u4e00\u5f8b\u677e\u5f1b\u3002 \u8fdd\u80cc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u662f&#xff1a;\u628a&#034;\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89&#034;\u8bef\u5f53\u4f5c&#034;\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u987a\u5e8f&#034;\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u677e\u5f1b\u8bfb\u53bb\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u5199\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u2014\u2014\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u6495\u88c2&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>13 \u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u8bed\u4e49\u7ea6\u5b9a<\/h3>\n<h4>14.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u53ef\u590d\u5236\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8<\/h4>\n<p>\u56db\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u5220\u9664\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u4e0e\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u7406\u7531&#xff1a;\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u62f7\u8d1d\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5feb\u7167&#xff08;\u62f7\u8d1d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u76ee\u6807&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020\u4f1a\u8ba9&#034;\u5bb9\u5668\u5f15\u7528&#034;\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u8bfb\u8005\u773c\u76ae\u5e95\u4e0b\u66f4\u6362\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u65e0\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u7167\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7531\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5728\u72ec\u5360\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u81ea\u884c\u904d\u5386\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff1b;\u9700\u8981\u6362\u5bb9\u5668\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7528\u95f4\u63a5\u5c42&#xff08;\u5982\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>14.2 \u5f31\u4e00\u81f4\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u662f\u5f31\u4e00\u81f4\u7684&#xff1a;\u8fed\u4ee3\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u89c6\u56fe&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53cd\u6620\u6240\u6709\u5e76\u53d1\u4fee\u6539\u2014\u2014\u5e76\u53d1\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff1b;\u5e76\u53d1\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u56de\u6536\u540e\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u5f15\u7528&#xff08;\u56de\u6536\u4fdd\u8bc1&#xff09;\u3002\u8fed\u4ee3\u671f\u95f4\u5e76\u53d1\u4fee\u6539\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u96c6\u5408\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8bed\u4e49&#xff0c;\u4e0e&#034;\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u5feb\u7167&#034;\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>14.3 \u6790\u6784\u5951\u7ea6<\/h4>\n<p>\u6e05\u7a7a\u4e0e\u6790\u6784\u8981\u6c42\u72ec\u5360\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u5f97\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5df2\u5148\u884c\u6c47\u5408&#xff08;join&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u6863\u5316\u5951\u7ea6\u800c\u975e\u5f3a\u5236\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u8fdd\u53cd\u5373\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u662f\u56de\u6536\u5668\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u5176\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u5df2\u7ec8\u7ed3&#xff08;\u672a\u56de\u6536\u5bf9\u8c61\u79fb\u4ea4\u5171\u4eab\u94fe&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6790\u6784\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e&#034;\u6ca1\u6709\u9057\u7559\u5f15\u7528&#034;\u3002\u5951\u7ea6\u4e0d\u9760\u4ee3\u7801\u5f3a\u5236&#xff0c;\u9760\u6587\u6863\u4e0e\u7eaa\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>14.4 \u4e0b\u6807\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8bed\u4e49<\/h4>\n<p>\u6620\u5c04\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u4e0b\u6807\u8bbf\u95ee\u5728\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u63d2\u5165\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u5f15\u7528&#xff1b;\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u73b0\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4e0b\u6807\u8bbf\u95ee\u6210\u4e3a&#034;\u53ef\u80fd\u4fee\u6539&#034;\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u8bed\u4e49\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8d8a\u754c\u8bfb\u53d6&#xff08;\u53ea\u8bfb\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6309\u952e\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff09;\u5728\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u629b\u51fa\u6807\u51c6\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u5f15\u7528\u6216\u6307\u9488\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u5176\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4ee5&#034;\u5143\u7d20\u672a\u88ab\u5220\u9664&#034;\u4e3a\u754c\u2014\u2014\u5220\u9664\u540e\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u65f6\u88ab\u56de\u6536&#xff0c;\u6301\u7528\u8fc7\u671f\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>14.5 \u5ba1\u8ba1\u94a9\u5b50<\/h4>\n<p>\u6709\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668\u66b4\u9732\u82e5\u5e72\u8c03\u8bd5\/\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff08;\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u63a5\u53e3&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7ed3\u6784\u6821\u9a8c&#xff08;\u904d\u5386\u5168\u6811\u68c0\u67e5\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0e\u8ba1\u6570\u4e00\u81f4\u6027&#xff09;\u3001\u6700\u5927\u6df1\u5ea6\u3001\u7ea2\u9ed1\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u5168\u91cf\u6821\u9a8c&#xff08;\u65e0\u7ea2\u7ea2\u3001\u9ed1\u9ad8\u76f8\u7b49&#xff09;\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u8f6c\u50a8\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f O(n) \u7684\u3001\u5fc5\u987b\u72ec\u5360\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba&#xff08;\u7b2c 8 \u8282&#xff09;\u4e2d\u7684&#034;\u6bcf\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u6821\u9a8c\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf&#034;\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u9762\u5411\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>14 \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n<h4>14.1 \u4f55\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u65e0\u9501\u5bb9\u5668<\/h4>\n<p>\u9009\u62e9\u65e0\u9501\u5bb9\u5668&#xff0c;\u4f9d\u636e\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6027\u8d28&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f&#034;\u65e0\u9501\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7&#034;\u7684\u76f4\u89c9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u4e0d\u963b\u585e&#xff1a;\u8bfb\u8005\u7edd\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u5199\u8005&#xff0c;\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u8bfb\u8005\u4e0e\u5199\u8005\u4e92\u76f8\u7b49\u5f85&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u65e0\u6b7b\u9501&#xff1a;\u52a0\u9501\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u590d\u6742\u9501\u5e8f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6b7b\u9501&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9501\u5199\u8def\u5f84\u5728\u6784\u9020\u4e0a\u65e0\u73af&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5ef6\u8fdf&#xff1a;\u65e0\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u963b\u585e\u70b9&#xff0c;\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u91cd\u8bd5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u968f\u6838\u5fc3\u6269\u5c55&#xff1a;\u8bfb\u591a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0b\u65e0\u9501\u5bb9\u5668\u968f\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u6269\u5c55&#xff0c;\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u5728\u4e89\u7528\u4e0b\u541e\u5410\u5c01\u9876\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u53cd\u4e4b&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u4e0b\u573a\u666f\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u52a0\u9501&#xff1a;\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u4f4e\u7ade\u4e89&#xff1b;\u66f4\u65b0\u91cd\u8d1f\u8f7d&#xff08;\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668\u2014\u2014\u5176\u66f4\u65b0\u8def\u5f84\u4e32\u884c\u5316&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u6781\u654f\u611f&#xff08;\u56de\u6536\u5668\u5f15\u5165\u989d\u5916\u5185\u5b58\u4fdd\u7559&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u5feb\u7167\u8fed\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>14.2 \u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u6e05\u5355<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9884\u7559\u5bb9\u91cf&#xff1a;\u5199\u524d\u7528\u9884\u7559\u63a5\u53e3\u628a\u6876\u8868\u6269\u5230\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u6269\u5bb9&#xff08;\u6269\u5bb9\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u9501&#xff0c;\u4f46\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6709\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u63a7\u5236\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50&#xff1a;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u5df2\u517c\u987e\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u51b2\u7a81\u7387&#xff1b;\u5bf9\u51b2\u7a81\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u8c03\u4f4e&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u72ec\u5360\u7a97\u53e3\u505a\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u6e05\u7a7a\u3001\u6790\u6784\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\u6821\u9a8c\u5728\u72ec\u5360\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u6267\u884c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u9759\u7a97\u53e3\u6d4b\u91cf&#xff1a;\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u57fa\u51c6\u53d7\u540e\u53f0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5f71\u54cd\u663e\u8457&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e94\u5728\u8d1f\u8f7d\u53ef\u63a7\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c&#xff0c;\u4e14\u4ee5\u533a\u95f4\u800c\u975e\u5355\u70b9\u4e3a\u51c6&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6309\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u9009\u56de\u6536\u5668&#xff1a;\u8bfb\u6781\u591a\u3001\u957f\u671f\u53d1\u5e03\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u663e\u5f0f\u9009\u62e9\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488&#xff08;\u8bfb\u8def\u5f84\u65e0\u5168\u5c40\u70ed\u70b9&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e16\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u4e0e\u8bfb\u591a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0b\u666e\u904d\u66f4\u4f18\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>14.3 \u96c6\u6210\u4e0e\u8fc1\u79fb\u6ce8\u610f<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u6790\u6784\u524d\u6c47\u5408&#xff1b;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u5176\u9000\u4f11\u5bf9\u8c61\u79fb\u4ea4\u5171\u4eab\u94fe&#xff0c;\u7531\u540e\u7eed\u56de\u6536\u6216\u6790\u6784\u6392\u7a7a&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u914d\u5668&#xff1a;\u8282\u70b9\u6700\u7ec8\u5f52\u8fd8\u7ed9\u5206\u914d\u5b83\u7684\u5206\u914d\u5668\u5b9e\u4f8b&#xff1b;\u5e26\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5668\u53ef\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f46\u540c\u4e00\u5bb9\u5668\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5fc5\u987b\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u5206\u914d\u5668\u5b9e\u4f8b&#xff08;\u590d\u7528\u5224\u636e&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u952e\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a;\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u629b\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u3001\u4e0d\u629b\u6790\u6784&#xff08;\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5f3a\u5236&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u54c8\u5e0c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u4e14\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168&#xff08;\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u540c\u8981\u6c42&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5f15\u7528\u6709\u6548\u671f&#xff1a;\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u524d\u6709\u6548&#xff1b;\u5220\u9664\u540e\u89c6\u4e3a\u5931\u6548&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5f97\u518d\u89e3\u5f15\u7528&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5feb\u7167&#xff1a;\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5728\u72ec\u5360\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u81ea\u884c\u904d\u5386\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff1b;\u5e93\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e76\u53d1\u5feb\u7167\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>14.4 \u8c03\u8bd5\u65e0\u9501\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u65e0\u9501\u4ee3\u7801\u7684 bug \u901a\u5e38\u662f&#034;\u7406\u8bba\u6b63\u786e\u3001\u5b9e\u6d4b\u5076\u5c14\u9519&#034;\u3002\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u94fe&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u7ed3\u6784\u6821\u9a8c&#xff1a;\u5728\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u8c03\u7528\u5168\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u6821\u9a8c&#xff08;\u6709\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6821\u9a8c\u3001\u65e0\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u4e0e\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u6821\u9a8c&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u91cd\u653e\u538b\u529b&#xff1a;\u968f\u673a\u6570\u6309\u7ebf\u7a0b\u56fa\u5b9a\u79cd\u5b50&#xff0c;\u5931\u8d25\u5373\u53ef\u7cbe\u786e\u91cd\u653e&#xff1b;\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u952e\u6700\u540e\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u6821\u9a8c\u671f\u671b\u72b6\u6001&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6d88\u6bd2\u5668&#xff1a;\u5730\u5740\u6d88\u6bd2\u5668\u80fd\u6355\u83b7\u60ac\u5782\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u6cc4\u6f0f&#xff08;\u914d\u5408\u8ba1\u6570\u5206\u914d\u5668&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u6d88\u6bd2\u5668\u6355\u83b7\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u975e\u6cd5\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5468\u671f\u8ba1\u6570&#xff1a;\u5728\u6bcf\u6761\u5019\u9009\u8def\u5f84\u63d2\u5165\u5468\u671f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u5b9a\u4f4d\u74f6\u9888\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u6848\u4f8b&#xff08;\u6392\u7a7a\u95e8\u63a7\u3001\u6c60\u9501&#xff09;\u90fd\u662f&#034;\u770b\u4f3c\u5e38\u6570\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c&#034;\u88ab\u9891\u7387\u653e\u5927&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6709\u8ba1\u6570\u80fd\u63ed\u793a&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f\u5ba1\u67e5&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u95ee&#034;\u6211\u9700\u8981\u770b\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d1\u5e03\u3001\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u5e03\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed9\u8c01&#034;&#xff0c;\u7b54\u6848\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5e94\u83b7\u53d6\/\u91ca\u653e\/\u83b7\u53d6\u91ca\u653e\/\u677e\u5f1b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>14.5 \u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u89e3\u6f84\u6e05<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201c\u65e0\u9501\u4e00\u5b9a\u66f4\u5feb\u201d&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0b\u65e0\u9501\u673a\u5236\u662f\u7eaf\u5f00\u9500&#xff1b;\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0e\u4e89\u7528\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6570\u636e\u660e\u786e\u663e\u793a\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ea6 0.6 \u500d\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u624d\u53cd\u8d85&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u201d&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5355\u6b21\u8bfb\u5199\u4e0d\u6495\u88c2&#xff1b;\u8de8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u590d\u5408\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf&#xff08;\u5982&#034;\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u540e\u4f7f\u7528&#034;&#xff09;\u9700\u8981\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u4ecd\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f\u53ea\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u9009\u9879\u201d&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u9519\u8bef\u2014\u2014\u677e\u5f1b\u8bfb\u53ef\u80fd\u8bfb\u5230\u9648\u65e7\u503c&#xff0c;\u9519\u8bef\u4f7f\u7528\u83b7\u53d6\/\u91ca\u653e\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u5148\u884c\u53d1\u751f\u94fe&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u56de\u6536\u5668\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\u201d&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u56de\u6536\u5668\u53ea\u89e3\u51b3&#034;\u4f55\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u5b89\u5168&#034;&#xff0c;&#034;\u662f\u5426\u6cc4\u6f0f&#034;\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bb9\u5668\u7eaa\u5f8b&#xff08;\u6458\u94fe\u540e\u56de\u6536\u3001\u6790\u6784\u6392\u7a7a\u3001\u5206\u914d\u5668\u5e73\u8861&#xff09;\u4e0e\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5951\u7ea6&#xff08;\u72ec\u5360\u6790\u6784&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u201d&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ea\u80fd\u8bc1\u4f2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u5b9e&#xff1b;\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u6765\u81ea\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u70b9\u3001\u9501\u5e8f\u65e0\u73af\u3001\u4e24\u4ee3\u89c4\u5219&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u4f50\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>15 \u7ed3\u8bed&#xff1a;\u5de5\u7a0b\u539f\u5219\u6e05\u5355<\/h3>\n<p>\u628a\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u538b\u7f29\u4e3a\u4e00\u4efd\u53ef\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u6e05\u5355&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u7ed3\u6784\u51b3\u5b9a\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u2014\u2014\u628a&#034;\u96be\u5e76\u53d1&#034;\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u6210&#034;\u5355\u70b9\u53d1\u5e03&#034;&#xff08;\u5206\u79bb\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6269\u5bb9\u3001\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u7684\u591a\u70b9\u66f4\u65b0\u53d6\u820d&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u56de\u6536\u662f\u5730\u57fa\u2014\u2014\u5148\u6458\u94fe\u540e\u56de\u6536\u3001\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u624d\u91ca\u653e\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u6709\u63a5\u7ba1\u8005&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u83b7\u53d6\/\u91ca\u653e\u6309\u9700\u3001\u677e\u5f1b\u5c3d\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u56de\u7b54&#034;\u540c\u6b65\u4ec0\u4e48&#034;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ea0\u6b63\u76f4\u89c9\u2014\u2014\u74f6\u9888\u5728\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u636e\u91cc&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5728\u731c\u6d4b\u91cc&#xff1b;\u4e24\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u541e\u5410\u5d29\u584c\u90fd\u662f\u9891\u7387\u653e\u5927 \u00d7 \u5168\u5c40\u4e89\u7528&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bda\u5b9e\u8bb0\u5f55\u6743\u8861\u2014\u2014\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u5929\u82b1\u677f&#xff0c;\u5199\u8fdb\u6587\u6863\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u85cf\u8d77\u6765&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5206\u5c42\u4e92\u8865\u2014\u2014\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bba\u8bc1\u3001\u5bf9\u7167\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u53ef\u91cd\u653e\u538b\u529b\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u6821\u9a8c\u3001\u6d88\u6bd2\u5668\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u65ad\u8a00&#xff0c;\u7f3a\u4e00\u5c42\u5c31\u591a\u4e00\u7c7b\u6f0f\u7f51 bug&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u63a5\u53e3\u8bed\u4e49\u6e05\u6670\u2014\u2014\u5f31\u4e00\u81f4\u8fed\u4ee3\u3001\u72ec\u5360\u6790\u6784\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u6709\u6548\u671f&#xff0c;\u5951\u7ea6\u5199\u6e05\u695a\u5e76\u7531\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7ef4\u6301\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u65e0\u9501\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u4ef7\u503c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e&#034;\u5feb&#034;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57&#xff0c;\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6027\u8d28&#xff1a;\u8bfb\u8005\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u3001\u5199\u8005\u65e0\u6b7b\u9501\u3001\u541e\u5410\u968f\u6838\u5fc3\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5f53\u5e94\u7528\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\u65f6&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9501\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u9009\u62e9&#xff1b;\u5f53\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u52a0\u9501\u662f\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u4e5f\u66f4\u7701\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u6839\u636e\u662f\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u6d4b\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u65e2\u662f\u672c\u6587\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u6587\u60f3\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u672f\u8bed\u5bf9\u7167\u8868<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u4e2d\u6587\u82f1\u6587\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362<\/td>\n<td>compare-and-swap (CAS)<\/td>\n<td>\u539f\u5b50\u6761\u4ef6\u5199&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9501\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u5143<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89<\/td>\n<td>data race<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bfb\u5199&#xff0c;\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5148\u884c\u53d1\u751f<\/td>\n<td>happens-before<\/td>\n<td>C&#043;&#043;11 \u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u4f20\u9012\u5173\u7cfb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f<\/td>\n<td>memory ordering<\/td>\n<td>\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7ea6\u675f\u58f0\u660e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7f13\u5b58\u884c<\/td>\n<td>cache line<\/td>\n<td>\u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7c92\u5ea6&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38 64 \u5b57\u8282&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4f2a\u5171\u4eab<\/td>\n<td>false sharing<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u5173\u53d8\u91cf\u5171\u4eab\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u65e0\u6548\u5316\u6d41\u91cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6807\u8bb0<\/td>\n<td>marked<\/td>\n<td>\u540e\u7ee7\u6307\u9488\u4f4e\u4f4d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5220\u9664\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6458\u9664<\/td>\n<td>unlink<\/td>\n<td>\u628a\u5df2\u6807\u8bb0\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u7269\u7406\u79fb\u9664<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9000\u5f79<\/td>\n<td>retire<\/td>\n<td>\u628a\u5df2\u6458\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4ea4\u7ed9\u56de\u6536\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u56de\u6536<\/td>\n<td>reclaim<\/td>\n<td>\u91ca\u653e\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u9000\u5f79\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e16\u4ee3<\/td>\n<td>epoch<\/td>\n<td>\u5168\u5c40\u4ee3\u9645\u8ba1\u6570\u5668&#xff0c;\u56de\u6536\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4f9d\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<td>hazard pointer<\/td>\n<td>\u6bcf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u58f0\u660e&#034;\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528&#034;\u7684\u69fd\u4f4d\u673a\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8fdf\u5230\u56de\u6536\u94fe<\/td>\n<td>late-retire chain<\/td>\n<td>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u540e\u6258\u7ba1\u672a\u56de\u6536\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u94fe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9501\u4f4d\u62ec\u53f7<\/td>\n<td>lock-bit bracket<\/td>\n<td>\u4e24\u6b21\u9501\u4f4d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5939\u4f4f\u5b50\u6307\u9488\u8bfb\u7684\u534f\u8bae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u624b\u62c9\u624b<\/td>\n<td>hand-over-hand<\/td>\n<td>\u4e25\u683c\u7236\u5148\u4e8e\u5b50\u7684\u52a0\u9501\u987a\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5206\u79bb\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868<\/td>\n<td>split-ordered list<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u65e0\u9501\u5f15\u64ce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5206\u88c2\u5e8f\u952e<\/td>\n<td>split-order key<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4d\u53cd\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c&#xff0c;\u94fe\u8868\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f9d\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u70b9<\/td>\n<td>linearization point<\/td>\n<td>\u64cd\u4f5c\u539f\u5b50\u751f\u6548\u7684\u65f6\u523b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7269\u5316<\/td>\n<td>materialize<\/td>\n<td>\u60f0\u6027\u521b\u5efa\u6876\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u94fe\u5165\u94fe\u8868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5f31\u4e00\u81f4<\/td>\n<td>weakly consistent<\/td>\n<td>\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53cd\u6620\u5168\u90e8\u5e76\u53d1\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5206\u7247<\/td>\n<td>shard<\/td>\n<td>\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u5355\u5143<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8ba1\u6570\u5206\u914d\u5668<\/td>\n<td>counting allocator<\/td>\n<td>\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u914d\/\u91ca\u653e\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5206\u914d\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6d88\u6bd2\u5668<\/td>\n<td>sanitizer<\/td>\n<td>\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177&#xff08;\u5730\u5740\/\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>16 \u6e90\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u5bfc\u89c8<\/h3>\n<p>\u628a\u539f\u7406\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4ee3\u7801\u5e03\u5c40&#xff0c;\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8bfb\u8005\u6309\u56fe\u7d22\u9aa5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>include\/mpmc\/\u2014\u2014\u56db\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u5934\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;mpmc_unordered_map.hpp\u3001mpmc_unordered_set.hpp\u3001mpmc_map.hpp\u3001mpmc_set.hpp\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u517c\u5bb9\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8584\u5305\u88c5&#xff1a;\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\u3001\u6784\u9020\/\u6790\u6784\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\/\u4fee\u6539\/\u67e5\u627e\/\u8fed\u4ee3\u6210\u5458&#xff0c;\u5168\u90e8\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5f15\u64ce&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>include\/mpmc\/detail\/\u2014\u2014\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>split_ordered_table.hpp&#xff1a;\u65e0\u5e8f\u5f15\u64ce\u3002\u6807\u7b7e\u4f4d\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6876\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d\/\u63d2\u5165\/\u5220\u9664\/\u6269\u5bb9\/\u8fed\u4ee3\u3001\u589e\u957f\u9608\u503c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>rb_tree.hpp&#xff1a;\u6709\u5e8f\u5f15\u64ce\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784&#xff08;\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u611f\u77e5\u5e03\u5c40&#xff09;\u3001\u9501\u4f4d\u62ec\u53f7\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u6808\u3001\u624b\u62c9\u624b\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u7ea2\u9ed1\u4fee\u590d\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\u94a9\u5b50&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>epoch.hpp \u4e0e hazard_pointer.hpp&#xff1a;\u4e24\u79cd\u56de\u6536\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6bcf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u9000\u4f11\u5165\u961f\u3001\u56de\u6536\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3001\u8fdf\u5230\u56de\u6536\u94fe\u3001\u6790\u6784\u6392\u7a7a&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>reclamation.hpp&#xff1a;\u7edf\u4e00\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65b9\u6848\u9009\u62e9&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>utils.hpp&#xff1a;\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u6c60&#xff08;\u5206\u7247\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff09;\u3001\u6c60\u94fe\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u4f4d\u53cd\u8f6c\u4e0e\u54c8\u5e0c\u6df7\u5408\u5de5\u5177&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>cache_line.hpp&#xff1a;\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u5e38\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>tests\/\u2014\u2014\u5341\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\u52a0\u516c\u5171\u65ad\u8a00\u5934&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u7167\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff08;\u652f\u6301\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;\u3001\u5e73\u8861\u56de\u5f52\u3001\u5206\u914d\u5668\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u7279\u5f81\u65ad\u8a00\u3001\u8d1f\u7f16\u8bd1\u6837\u4f8b&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>bench\/\u2014\u2014\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5fae\u57fa\u51c6&#xff1a;\u56de\u6536\u65b9\u6848\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3001\u65e0\u5e8f\/\u6709\u5e8f\u5bf9\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u52a0\u9501\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3001\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5fae\u57fa\u51c6&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ed3\u679c\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>docs\/\u2014\u2014\u82f1\u6587\u4e0e\u4e2d\u6587\u6210\u5bf9\u7684 API \u53c2\u8003\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6587\u6863\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u6587\u6863\u3001\u56de\u6536\u6587\u6863&#xff1b;README 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\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7ade\u4e89\u2014\u2014\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9501\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u662f&#034;\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0d\u5bfc\u81f4\u963b\u585e\u4e0e\u6b7b\u9501&#034;&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e&#034;\u7ade\u4e89\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u672c&#034;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u9501&#xff08;lock-free&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u4fdd\u8bc1\u2014\u2014\u4efb\u610f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u6709\u9650\u6b65\u5185\u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;\u5373\u4f7f\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u672c\u5e93\u65e0\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668\u5168\u90e8\u8def\u5f84\u65e0\u9501&#xff1b;\u6709\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668\u641c\u7d22\u65e0\u9501\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u65e0\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u52a0\u9501\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u6587\u6863\u5728&#034;\u65e0\u9501&#034;\u4e00\u8bcd\u4e0a\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4e25\u683c\u5bf9\u5e94\u6b64\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u628a&#034;\u65e0\u9501&#034;\u5f53\u4f5c&#034;\u4e0d\u52a0\u9501&#034;\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u91cd\u653e&#xff08;replayable&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u6309\u7ebf\u7a0b\u56fa\u5b9a\u79cd\u5b50&#xff0c;\u5931\u8d25\u6848\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u539f\u6837\u91cd\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u8c03\u8bd5\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u73b0\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u7b49\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u73b0\u573a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8bed\u4e49\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u9648\u8ff0&#xff1a;\u672c\u5e93\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u8de8\u5bb9\u5668\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u591a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u8d85\u51fa\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5e94\u5728\u4e0a\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u51b3&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u671b\u5bb9\u5668\u627f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>20 \u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>M. Michael. Hazard Pointers: Safe Memory Reclamation for Lock-Free Objects&#xff08;\u5371\u9669\u6307\u9488\u539f\u59cb\u8bba\u6587&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>O. Shalev, N. Shavit. Split-Ordered Lists: Lock-Free Extensibility of Hash Tables&#xff08;\u5206\u79bb\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u539f\u59cb\u8bba\u6587&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>K. Fraser, T. Harris. Concurrent Programming Without Locks&#xff08;\u65e0\u9501\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u542b\u4e16\u4ee3\u56de\u6536\u601d\u60f3&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>M. Herlihy, N. Shavit. 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