{"id":94644,"date":"2026-08-14T22:48:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T14:48:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/94644.html"},"modified":"2026-08-14T22:48:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-14T14:48:57","slug":"sv%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e8%ae%b0%e5%bd%95%ef%bc%88%e5%85%ab%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/94644.html","title":{"rendered":"SV\u5b66\u4e60\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u516b\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

8.1 \u7ee7\u627f<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u57fa<\/p>\n

\u6269\u5c55<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u591aOOP\u672f\u8bed<\/p>\n

\u6269\u5c55\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

driver class<\/p>\n

generator class<\/p>\n

8.2 \u84dd\u56fe（blueprint）\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n

environment class<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684testbench<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6269\u5c55transaction class<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u7c7b\u6539\u53d8\u968f\u673a\u7ea6\u675f<\/p>\n

8.3 downcasting and virtual method<\/p>\n

\u7528$cast downcasting<\/p>\n

virtual method<\/p>\n

\u7b7e\u540d（signature）<\/p>\n

8.4 \u5408\u6210\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u5408\u6210\u4e0e\u7ee7\u627f（composition and inheritance）<\/p>\n

composition\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

inheritacne\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n

8.5 \u590d\u5236object<\/p>\n

copy_data<\/p>\n

\u4e3acopy\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

8.6 \u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u548c\u7eaf\u865a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

8.7 callback<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efacallback<\/p>\n

\u7528callback\u6ce8\u5165\u5e72\u6270<\/p>\n

scoreboard<\/p>\n

\u7528callback\u8fde\u63a5scoreboard<\/p>\n

\u7528callback debug\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/p>\n

8.8 \u53c2\u6570\u5316\u7684\u7c7b<\/p>\n

stack<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u7c7b\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n

\n

8.1 \u7ee7\u627f<\/h2>\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u57fa<\/h3>\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u57fa\u7c7b\u5305\u542b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u6e90\u5730\u5740，\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740，8\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5b57，\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u9519\u8bef\u7684CRC，\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305\u62ec\u8ba1\u7b97CRC，\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

virtual\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u540e\u9762\u518d\u8bb2<\/p>\n

Sample 8.1 Base Transaction class
\nclass Transaction;
\n rand bit [31:0] src, dst, data[8]; \/\/ Random variables
\n bit [31:0] crc; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Calculated variable
\n \u00a0
\n virtual function void calc_crc;
\n crc = src ^ dst ^ data.xor;
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\n virtual function void display(input string prefix="");
\n \u00a0 $display("%sTr: src=%h, dst=%h, crc=%h",
\n \u00a0 prefix, src, dst, crc);
\n endfunction
\nendclass <\/p>\n

\u6269\u5c55<\/h3>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u6b63\u5e38\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u57fa，\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u6ce8\u5165\u9519\u8bef\u7684bad\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002virtual\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7c7b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

super\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u662fsuper.super\u8fd9\u7c7b\u591a\u5c42\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f，BadTr\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6269\u5c55\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230Tr\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf，\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4f7f\u7528crc\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u524d\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n

Sample 8.2 Extended Transaction class
\nclass BadTr extends Transaction;
\n rand bit bad_crc;
\n \u00a0
\n virtual function void calc_crc;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 super.calc_crc(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Compute good CRC
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 if (bad_crc) crc = ~crc; \/\/ Corrupt the CRC bits
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\n virtual function void display(input string prefix="");
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 $write("%sBadTr: bad_crc=%b, ", prefix, bad_crc);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 super.display();
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\nendclass : BadTr <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5e38\u628a\u51fd\u6570\u547d\u540d\u4e3avirtual\u7279\u6027\u65b9\u4fbf\u6269\u5c55，\u9664\u4e86new\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u591aOOP\u672f\u8bed<\/h3>\n

variable\u53ebproperty；task, function\u53ebmethod；\u505a\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u53ebparent\/ super class，\u6269\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u53ebderived class \/ subclass；prototype\u662f\u6307\u660e\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6269\u5c55\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n

\u5982\u679cparent class\u4e2d\u6709\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf，\u5728subclass\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u8c03\u7528parent\u7684new<\/p>\n

Sample 8.3 Constructor with argument in an extended class
\nclass Base1;
\n int var;
\n function new(input int var); \/\/ Has argument
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 this.var = var;
\n endfunction
\nendclass
\n\u200b
\nclass Extended extends Base1;
\n function new(input int var); \/\/ Needs argument
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 super.new(var); \/\/ Must be first line of new
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Other constructor actions
\n endfunction
\nendclass <\/p>\n

driver class<\/h3>\n

\u63a5\u6536generator\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5e76\u53d1\u7ed9DUT<\/p>\n

Sample 8.4 Driver class
\nclass Driver;
\n mailbox gen2drv;
\n \u00a0
\n function new(input mailbox gen2drv);
\n this.gen2drv = gen2drv;
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\n task main;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 Transaction tr; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Handle to a Transaction object or
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ an class derived from Transaction
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 forever begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 gen2drv.get(tr); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Get transaction from generator
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tr.calc_crc(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Process the transation
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 @ifc.cb.src = tr.src; \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Send transaction
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 …
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 end
\n endtask
\nendclass <\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2ahandle\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u5411parent class，\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4e5f\u80fd\u6307\u5411subclass\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679cparent class\u548csubclass\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u540d\u5b57\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u8c03\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a？\u5982\u679chandle\u6307\u5411subclass，\u5c31\u8c03\u7528subclass\u91cc\u7684；\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5411parent class，\u5c31\u8c03\u7528parent class\u91cc\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

generator class<\/h3>\n

Sample 8.5 Generator class
\n\/\/ Generator class that uses Transaction objects
\n\/\/ First attempt… too limited
\nclass Generator;
\n mailbox gen2drv;
\n Transaction tr;
\n \u00a0
\n function new(input mailbox gen2drv);
\n this.gen2drv = gen2drv; \u00a0 \/\/ this-> class-level var
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\n task run();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 forever begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tr = new(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Construct transaction
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 assert(tr.randomize()); \/\/ Randomize it
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 gen2drv.put(tr); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Send to driver \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 end
\n endtask
\nendclass <\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cdgenerator，\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662fhandle\u88ab\u4f8b\u5316\u5b8c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u968f\u673a\u5316，\u6ca1\u673a\u4f1a\u6307\u5411subclass\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u9762\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u5411\u7684class\u6bd4\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u603b\u7ebf\u4e8b\u52a1\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684property\u548cmethod\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a7\u5236\u5411\u7684class\u6bd4\u5982generator\u548cdriver\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784，\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u547d\u540d\u4e3atransaction\u7684subclass，\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9bvirtual run\u548cwrap_up method\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

8.2 \u84dd\u56fe（blueprint）\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628agenerator\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5370\u82b1\u673a，\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u5177\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u5f15\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb，\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u6a21\u5177\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u8981\u628adeclaration\u548cconstruction\u5206\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n

Sample 8.6 Generator class using blueprint pattern
\nclass Generator;
\n mailbox gen2drv;
\n Transaction blueprint;
\n \u00a0
\n function new(input mailbox gen2drv);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 this.gen2drv = gen2drv;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 blueprint = new();
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\n task run();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 Transaction tr;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 forever begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 assert(blueprint.randomize);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tr = blueprint.copy();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 gen2drv.put(tr); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 end
\n endtask
\nendclass <\/p>\n

tr\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u526f\u672ccopy，blueprint\u5c31\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5177，\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8blueprint\u5c31\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f93\u51fasubclass\u3002<\/p>\n

.copy\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662fhandle，\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4e2ahandle\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2aobject\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

environment class<\/h3>\n

Sample 8.7 Environment class
\n\/\/ Testbench environment class
\nclass Environment;
\n Generator gen;
\n Driver drv;
\n mailbox gen2drv;
\n \u00a0
\n function void build(); \u00a0 \/\/ Build the environment by
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 gen2drv = new(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ constructing the mailbox,
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 gen = new(gen2drv); \u00a0 \/\/ generator,
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 drv = new(gen2drv); \u00a0 \/\/ and driver
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\n task run();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 fork
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 gen.run();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 drv.run();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 join_none
\n endtask
\n \u00a0
\n task wrap_up();
\n \/\/ Empty for now – call scoreboard for report
\n endtask
\nendclass <\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684testbench<\/h3>\n

Sample 8.8 Simple test program using environment defaults
\nprogram automatic test;
\n Environment env;
\n initial begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env = new(); \u00a0 \/\/ Construct the environment
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.build(); \u00a0 \/\/ Build testbench objects
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.run(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Run the test
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.wrap_up; \u00a0 \/\/ Clean up afterwards
\n end
\nendprogram <\/p>\n

\u7528\u6269\u5c55transaction class<\/h3>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u7684begin…end\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9650\u5236badtr\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n

Sample 8.9 Injecting an extended transaction into testbench
\nprogram automatic test;
\n\u200b
\n Environment env;
\n initial begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env = new();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.build(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Construct generator, etc.
\n \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 BadTr bad = new(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Replace blueprint with
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 env.gen.blueprint = bad; \/\/ the "bad" one
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 end
\n \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.run(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.wrap_up(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0
\n end
\nendprogram <\/p>\n

\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u7c7b\u6539\u53d8\u968f\u673a\u7ea6\u675f<\/h3>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u7c7b\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e86\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u6ce8\u610f，\u5982\u679c\u6269\u5c55\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u548cparent class\u76f8\u540c，\u90a3\u4e48\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u66ff\u4ee3\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n

Sample 8.10 Using inheritance to add a constraint
\nclass Nearby extends Transaction;
\n constraint c_nearby {
\n dst inside {[src-100:src+100]};
\n }
\nendclass
\n\u200b
\nprogram automatic test;
\n Environment env;
\n initial begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env = new();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.build(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Construct generator, etc.
\n \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Nearby nb = new(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Create a new blueprint
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 env.gen.blueprint = nb; \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Replace the blueprint
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 end
\n \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.run(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.wrap_up(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0
\n end
\nendprogram <\/p>\n

8.3 downcasting and virtual method<\/h2>\n

\u7528$cast downcasting<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e24\u7c7b\u505a\u4f8b\u5b50，\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fbase class transaction，\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fextended class badtr\u3002\u524d\u8005\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2ahandle tr，\u540e\u8005\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2ahandle bad bad2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684，base handle\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5411extend class<\/p>\n

Sample 8.12 Copying extended handle to base handle
\nTransaction tr;
\nBadTr bad;
\nbad = new(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Construct BadTr extended object
\ntr = bad; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Base handle points to extended obj
\n$display(tr.src); \/\/ Display base variable
\ntr.display; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Calls BadTr::display <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684，extend handle\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u5411base class，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u627e\u4e0d\u5230extend\u4e2d\u989d\u5916\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n

Sample 8.13 Copying a base handle to an extended handle
\ntr = new(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Construct base object
\nbad = tr; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ ERROR: WILL NOT COMPILE
\n$display(bad.bad_crc); \/\/ bad_crc is not in base object <\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684，\u4e0a\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u5728handle\u672c\u8eab，\u800c\u5728\u4e8eobject，\u5982\u679cbase handle\u672c\u8eab\u6307\u5411extend class，\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d4b\u503c\u5c31\u5408\u6cd5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

Sample 8.14 Using $cast to copy handles
\nbad = new(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Construct BadTr extended object
\ntr = bad; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Base handle points to extended obj
\n\u200b
\n\/\/ Check the object type & copy. Simulation error if mismatch
\n\/\/ If successful, bad2 points to the object referenced by tr
\n$cast(bad2, tr);
\n\u200b
\n\/\/ Check for type mismatch, no simulation error
\nif(!$cast(bad2, tr))
\n $display("cannot assign tr to bad2");
\n \u00a0
\n$display(bad2.bad_crc); \/\/ bad_crc exists in original obj <\/p>\n

$cast\u4f1a\u628atr\u7684object\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9bad2，\u540c\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406，\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de0\u3002<\/p>\n

virtual method<\/h3>\n

\u4ecd\u7136\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u8bf4\u7684\u4e24\u4e2aclass，\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5bf9virtual method\u7684\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n

Sample 8.16 Calling class methods
\nTransaction tr;
\nBadTr bad;
\n\u200b
\ninitial begin
\n tr = new();
\n tr.calc_crc(); \u00a0 \/\/ Calls Transaction::calc_crc
\n \u00a0
\n bad = new();
\n bad.calc_crc(); \/\/ Calls BadTr::calc_crc
\n \u00a0
\n tr = bad; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Base handle points to ext obj
\n tr.calc_crc(); \u00a0 \/\/ Calls BadTr::calc_crc
\nend <\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2amethod\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3avirtual，\u5f53\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019，sv\u4f1a\u6839\u636eobject\u7684type\u53bb\u8c03\u7528；\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3avirtual，\u90a3\u5c31\u4f1a\u6839\u636ehandle\u7684type\u53bb\u8c03\u7528，\u6bd4\u5982\u6700\u540e\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2atr\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u662fTransaction::calc_crc<\/p>\n

OOP\u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53eb\u76f8\u540c\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u591a\u6001（polymorphism）\u201d<\/p>\n

\u7b7e\u540d（signature）<\/h3>\n

\u4f7f\u7528virtual method\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f，\u6240\u6709extend class\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684signature，\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u540c，\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u51cf\u3002<\/p>\n

8.4 \u5408\u6210\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n

\u5408\u6210\u4e0e\u7ee7\u627f（composition and inheritance）<\/h3>\n

composition\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u6709\u201d，\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2apacket\u6709header\u548cbody\u3002<\/p>\n

inheritance\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u662f\u201d，\u6bd4\u5982badtr\u662ftransaction，\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u591a\u4e86\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1.\u662f\u5426\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0fclass\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u5927class？\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7684\u8bdd，\u53ea\u80fd\u7528composition，\u56e0\u4e3ainheritance\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4ece\u591a\u4e2aclass\u7ee7\u627f<\/p>\n

2.badtr\u548ctransaction\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684<\/p>\n

3.\u5bf9\u4e8einheritance，\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u4fe1\u606f，\u6bd4\u5982src，dst\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n

4.\u5bf9\u4e8egenerator\u6765\u8bf4，\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u53d1\u9001transaction，\u5982\u679cbadtr\u662fcomposite transaction，\u90a3\u4e48generator\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u4e1c\u897f\u7684，\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6539\u4ee3\u7801；\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u662finheritance\u7684\u5173\u7cfb，generator\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628abadtr\u5f53\u6210transaction\u4e00\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n

composition\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e48\u5199\u4e00\u4e2aclass，\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7406\u89e3\u6545\u610f\u628atransaction\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u5c0f\u7684composition<\/p>\n

Sample 8.17 Building an Ethernet frame with composition
\n\/\/ Not recommended
\nclass EthMacFrame;
\n typedef enum {II, IEEE} kind_e;
\n rand kind_e kind;
\n rand bit [47:0] da, sa;
\n rand bit [15:0] len;
\n …
\n rand Vlan vlan_h;
\nendclass
\n\u200b
\nclass Vlan;
\n rand bit [15:0] vlan;
\nendclass <\/p>\n

1.\u5f53\u4f60\u60f3\u8bbf\u95eevlan，\u9700\u8981\u5199eth_h.vlan_h.vlan，\u5982\u679c\u5c42\u6b21\u66f4\u591a，\u540d\u5b57\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u957f\u66f4\u590d\u6742<\/p>\n

2.kind\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u968f\u673a\u5316\u4e3aII\u6216\u8005IEEE，\u5982\u679c\u662fII，\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981vlan，\u5982\u679c\u662fIEEE，\u90a3\u5c31\u9700\u8981vlan\u3002\u800c\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053kind\u4f1a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48，\u6240\u4ee5\u5728new()\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d，\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u968f\u673a\u5316vlan，\u9632\u6b62\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u9700\u8981\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u968f\u673a\u5316vlan，\u90a3\u628a\u5b83\u989d\u5916\u5206\u4e00\u7c7b\u5c31\u6ca1\u610f\u4e49\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0a\u4e0d\u592a\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u6b21\u5316，\u8c03\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u9ebb\u70e6，\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u6241\u5e73\u5316，\u5c31\u628a\u5404\u79cd\u53d8\u91cf\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u8fdb\u53bb\u5c31\u884c，\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u884c\u518d\u7528inheritance，\u5b83\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6241\u5e73\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

inheritacne\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n

Sample 8.18 Building an Ethernet frame with inheritance
\n\/\/ Not recommended
\nclass EthMacFrame;
\n typedef enum {II, IEEE} kind_e;
\n rand kind_e kind;
\n rand bit [47:0] da, sa;
\n rand bit [15:0] len;
\n …
\nendclass
\n\u200b
\nclass Vlan extends EthMacFrame;
\n rand bit [15:0] vlan;
\nendclass <\/p>\n

1.\u6bcf\u5f53\u4f60\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7ed9extend handle\u8d4bbase handle\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u90fd\u8981\u7528$cast\u68c0\u67e5<\/p>\n

2.\u521b\u5efavirtual method\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684，\u56e0\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539，\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u6539\u9700\u8981\u4ecebase class\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n

3.randomization\u6709\u56f0\u96be，\u5728base class\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ea6\u675fvlan<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/h3>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6709\u6240\u53d6\u820d，composition\u5e26\u6765\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u95ee\u9898，inheritance\u5e26\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aclass\u91cc<\/p>\n

Sample 8.19 Building a flat Ethernet frame
\nclass eth_mac_frame;
\n typedef enum {II, IEEE} kind_e;
\n rand kind_e kind;
\n rand bit [47:0] da, sa;
\n rand bit [15:0] len, vlan;
\n …
\n constraint eth_mac_frame_II {
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 if (kind == II) {
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 data.size() inside {[46:1500]};
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 len == data.size();
\n }}
\n constraint eth_mac_frame_ieee {
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 if (kind == IEEE) {
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 data.size() inside {[46:1500]};
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 len < 1522;
\n }}
\nendclass
\n\u200b <\/p>\n

8.5 \u590d\u5236object<\/h2>\n

\u524d\u9762\u5728blueprint\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86copy\u51fd\u6570，\u672c\u8282\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002copy\u662f\u8981\u628aclass\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u636ecopy\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

Sample 8.20 Base transaction class with a virtual copy function
\nclass Transaction;
\n rand bit [31:0] src, dst, data[8]; \/\/ Variables
\n bit [31:0] crc;
\n \u00a0
\n virtual function Transaction copy();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 copy = new();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 copy.src = src; \/\/ Copy data fields
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 copy.dst = dst;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 copy.data = data;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 copy.crc = crc;
\n endfunction
\nendclass <\/p>\n

subclass\u7684copy\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684object\u7c7b\u578b\u4ecd\u7136\u662ftransaction<\/p>\n

Sample 8.21 Extended transaction class with virtual copy method
\nclass BadTr extends Transaction;
\n rand bit bad_crc;
\n virtual function Transaction copy();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 BadTr bad;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 bad = new();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 bad.src = src; \/\/ Copy data fields
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 bad.dst = dst;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 bad.data = data;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 bad.crc = crc;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 bad.bad_crc = bad_crc;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 return bad;
\n endfunction
\nendclass : BadTr <\/p>\n

copy_data<\/h3>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u628acopy\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570，\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u5e76copy，\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fcopy_data\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662fbase class\u7684copy_data<\/p>\n

Sample 8.22 Base transaction class with copy_data function
\nclass Transaction;
\n rand bit [31:0] src, dst, data[8]; \/\/ Variables
\n bit [31:0] crc;
\n \u00a0
\n virtual function void copy_data(input Transaction tr);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 tr.src = src; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Copy the data fields
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 tr.dst = dst;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 tr.data = data;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 tr.crc = crc;
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\n virtual function Transaction copy();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 copy = new();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 copy_data(copy);
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\nendclass <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662fsubclass\u7684copy_data，\u8981\u5148\u628a\u5b83base class\u7684argument\u90fdcopy\u4e86，\u518dcopy\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3aextend class\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

Sample 8.23 Extended transaction class with copy_data function
\nclass BadTr extends Transaction;
\n rand bit bad_crc;
\n \u00a0
\n virtual function void copy_data(input Transaction tr);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 BadTr bad;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 super.copy_data(tr); \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Copy base data
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 $cast(bad, tr); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Cast base handle to ext\u00d5d
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 bad.bad_crc = bad_crc; \u00a0 \/\/ Copy extended data
\n endfunction
\n\u200b
\n virtual function Transaction copy();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 BadTr bad;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 bad = new(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Construct BadTr
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 copy_data(bad); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Copy data fields
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 return bad;
\n endfunction
\nendclass : BadTr <\/p>\n

\u4e3acopy\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740<\/h3>\n

\u524d\u9762\u5728copy\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u5757\u5730\u5740，\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8282\u7ea6\u4e00\u70b9\u5185\u5b58？\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4e3acopy\u6307\u5b9a\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

Sample 8.24 Base transaction class with copy function
\nclass Transaction;
\n\u200b
\n virtual function Transaction copy(Transaction to=null);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 if (to == null)
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 copy = new();\/\/ Construct new object
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 else
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 copy = to; \u00a0 \/\/ or use exisiting
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 copy_data(copy);
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\n \/\/ Uses copy_data() method from Sample 8.22
\nendclass
\n\u200b
\nSample 8.25 Extended transaction class with new copy function
\nclass BadTr;
\n\u200b
\n virtual function Transaction copy(Transaction to=null);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 BadTr bad;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 if (to == null)
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bad = new(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Create a new object
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 else
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 assert($cast(bad, to)); \/\/ Reuse existing one
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 copy_data(bad); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Copy data fields
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 return bad;
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\nendclass : BadTr <\/p>\n

8.6 \u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u548c\u7eaf\u865a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n

\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u548c\u7eaf\u865a\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u63a5\u53e3\u201d，\u4f5c\u4e3abase class，\u5b83\u6307\u51fa\u6240\u6709extend class\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b，\u4ec0\u4e48\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

Sample 8.26 Abstract class with pure virtual methods
\nvirtual class BaseTr;
\n static int count; \u00a0 \/\/ Number of instance created
\n int id; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Unique transaction id
\n \u00a0
\n function new();
\n id = count++; \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Give each object a unique ID
\n endfunction
\n\u200b
\n pure virtual function bit compare(input BaseTr to);
\n pure virtual function BaseTr copy(input BaseTr to=null);
\n pure virtual function void display(input string prefix="");
\n \u00a0
\nendclass : BaseTr <\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u60f3\u57fa\u4e8ebasetr\u7684subclass\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u51fd\u6570，\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316<\/p>\n

8.7 callback<\/h2>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e73\u53f0，\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u7528callback\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u662f：driver\u7684run\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684，\u5373\u53d6\u4e8b\u52a1->pre_tx->\u53d1\u9001->post_tx，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u6216\u4eff\u771f\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e24\u4e2atx\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u7531 Driver \u51b3\u5b9a，\u800c\u7531\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06run\u5199\u4f5cvirtual method，\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5f53\u4f60\u60f3\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6，\u5fc5\u987b\u5728new method\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u6e90\u7801\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u65e6\u5bf9base class\u505a\u4e86\u4fee\u6539，\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684subclass\u90fd\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efacallback<\/h3>\n

\u4e00\u4e2acallback task\u662f\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u7684test\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u7684，\u5728driver\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4f46driver\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801，\u800c\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2aabstract class\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u901a\u8fc7extend abstract class\u6765\u5199\u5165\u5b83\u60f3\u5199\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f，pre_tx\u548cpost_tx\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u4f5cpure virtual，\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a，\u5982\u679c\u5199\u4f5cpure\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n

Sample 8.29 Base callback class
\nvirtual class Driver_cbs; \/\/ Driver callbacks
\n virtual task pre_tx(ref Transaction tr, ref bit drop);
\n \/\/ By default, callback does nothing
\n endtask
\n \u00a0
\n virtual task post_tx(ref Transaction tr);
\n \/\/ By default, callback does nothing
\n endtask
\nendclass
\n\u200b
\nSample 8.30 Driver class with callbacks
\nclass Driver;
\n Driver_cbs cbs[$];
\n \u00a0
\n task run();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 bit drop;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 Transaction tr;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 forever begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 drop = 0;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 agt2drv.get(tr);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 foreach (cbs[i]) cbs[i].pre_tx(tr, drop);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 if (!drop) continue;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 transmit(tr);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 foreach (cbs[i]) cbs[i].post_tx(tr);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 end
\n endtask
\nendclass <\/p>\n

\u7528callback\u6ce8\u5165\u5e72\u6270<\/h3>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7528callback\u6ce8\u5165\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u5ef6\u65f6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

$urandom_range(0,99)\u662f\u57280-99\u4e4b\u95f4\u968f\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u7136\u540e\u53bb\u548c0\u6bd4\u8f83，\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u7b49，drop=1，\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u8981\u4e22\u5f03\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728program\u4e2d，\u901a\u8fc7initialize dcd，\u7ed9dcd\u521b\u5efa\u597dobject\u3002push_back\u653e\u5230\u524d\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5199\u7684cbs\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d，push_back\u8868\u793a\u653e\u5230\u961f\u5c3e，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528push_front，\u653e\u5230\u6700\u524d\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u542f\u52a8run\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u4f1a\u968f\u673a\u51fadrop\u503c，\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u4e2atransaction\u662f\u5426\u4e22\u5f03\u3002<\/p>\n

Sample 8.31 Test using a callback for error injection
\nclass Driver_cbs_drop extends Driver_cbs;
\n virtual task pre_tx(ref Transaction tr, ref bit drop);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Randomly drop 1 out of every 100 transactions
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 drop = ($urandom_range(0,99) == 0);
\n endtask
\nendclass
\n\u200b
\nprogram automatic test;
\n Environment env;
\n \u00a0
\n initial begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env = new();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.gen_cfg();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.build();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 begin \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Create error injection callback
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Driver_cbs_drop dcd = new();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 env.drv.cbs.push_back(dcd); \/\/ Put into driver's Queue
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 end
\n \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.run();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.wrap_up();
\n end
\nendprogram <\/p>\n

scoreboard<\/h3>\n

scoreboard\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8eDUT，\u6839\u636eDUT\u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4e0d\u540c，scoreboard\u9700\u8981\u53d6\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2ascoreboard\u3002save_expect\u4fdd\u5b58\u671f\u671b\u4e8b\u52a1，\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u671fDUT\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9；compare_actual\u5c06DUT\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u671f\u671b\u4e8b\u52a1\u5bf9\u6bd4，\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f0\/1\/n match，1 match\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

Sample 8.32 Simple scoreboard for atomic transactions
\nclass Scoreboard;
\n Transaction scb[$]; \/\/ Store expected trans in queue
\n \u00a0
\n function void save_expect(input Transaction tr);
\n scb.push_back(tr);
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\n function void compare_actual(input Transaction tr);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 int q[$];
\n \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 q = scb.find_index(x) with (x.src == tr.src);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 case (q.size())
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 0: $display("No match found");
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1: scb.delete(q[0]);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 default:
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 $display("Error, multiple matches found!");
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 endcase
\n endfunction : compare_actual
\nendclass : Scoreboard <\/p>\n

\u7528callback\u8fde\u63a5scoreboard<\/h3>\n

\u6269\u5c55\u7c7bDriver_cbs_scoreboard\u9996\u5148\u6784\u5efa\u4e86scoreboard，\u7136\u540e\u5199\u4e86\u7528\u4e8escoreboard\u7684callback，\u628a\u4f20\u5230DUT\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u653e\u5230scoreboard\u7684\u9884\u671f\u4e8b\u52a1\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5c55\u73b0\u51famonitor\u7684\u4e00\u65b9<\/p>\n

Sample 8.33 Test using callback for scoreboard
\nclass Driver_cbs_scoreboard extends Driver_cbs;
\n Scoreboard scb;
\n \u00a0
\n virtual task pre_tx(ref Transaction tr, ref bit drop);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Put transaction in the scoreboard
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 scb.save_expected(tr);
\n endtask
\n \u00a0
\n function new(input Scoreboard scb);
\n this.scb = scb;
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\nendclass
\n\u200b
\nprogram automatic test;
\n Environment env;
\n initial begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env = new();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.gen_cfg();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.build();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 begin \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Create scoreboard callback
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Driver_cbs_scoreboard dcs = new(env.scb);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 env.drv.cbs.push_back(dcs); \/\/ Put into driver\u00d5s Q
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 end
\n \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.run();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 env.wrap_up();
\n end
\nendprogram <\/p>\n

\u7528callback debug\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/h3>\n

\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728callback\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u663e\u793a\u4e8b\u52a1，\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u5c42\u6b21，\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u4ee3\u7801\u653e\u5728\u5176\u4ed6callback\u4e4b\u524d\/\u4e4b\u540e\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u54ea\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u4ed6\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

8.8 \u53c2\u6570\u5316\u7684\u7c7b<\/h2>\n

stack<\/h3>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709push\u548cpop\u7684\u6808\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

local\u6807\u8bb0\u6807\u5fd7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u672cclass\u5185\u90e8\u7684method\u8bbf\u95ee，\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684subclass\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

Sample 8.34 Stack using the int type
\nclass IntStack;
\n local int stack[100]; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Holds data values
\n local int top;
\n \u00a0
\n function void push(input int i); \/\/ Push value on top
\n stack[++top] = i;
\n endfunction : push
\n \u00a0
\n function int pop(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Remove value from top
\n return stack[top–];
\n endfunction
\nendclass : IntStack <\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6808，\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u7684\u7c7b<\/p>\n

Sample 8.35 Parameterized class for a stack
\nclass Stack #(type T=int);
\n local T stack[100]; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Holds data values
\n local int top;
\n\u200b
\n function void push(input T i); \/\/ Push new value on top
\n stack[++top] = i;
\n endfunction : push
\n \u00a0
\n function T pop(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Remove value from top \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0
\n return stack[top–];
\n endfunction
\nendclass : Stack <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u7684generator\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u7684\u7c7b<\/p>\n

Sample 8.37 Parameterized generator class using blueprint pattern
\nclass Generator #(type T=BaseTr);
\n mailbox gen2drv;
\n T blueprint; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Blueprint object
\n\u200b
\n function new(input mailbox gen2drv);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 this.gen2drv = gen2drv;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 blueprint = new(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Create default
\n endfunction
\n \u00a0
\n task run();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 T tr;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 forever begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 assert(blueprint.randomize); \/\/ Randomize object
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tr = blueprint.copy(); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Make a copy
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 gen2drv.put(tr); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Send to driver
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 end
\n endtask
\nendclass <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u7684generator\u53d1\u9001transaction class\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n

Sample 8.38 Simple testbench using parameterized generator class
\nprogram automatic test;
\n initial begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 Generator #(Transaction) gen;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 mailbox gen2drv;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 gen2drv = new(1);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 gen = new(gen2drv);
\n \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 fork
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 gen.run();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 repeat (5) begin
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Transaction tr;
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 gen2drv.peek(tr); \/\/ Get next transaction
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tr.display();
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 gen2drv.get(tr); \u00a0 \/\/ Remove transaction
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 end
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0
\n \u00a0 \u00a0 join_any
\n end
\nendprogram \/\/ tes <\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u7c7b\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n

1.\u4ece\u975e\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u7684class\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u7b80\u5355<\/p>\n

2.\u5b8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u53c2\u6570\u5316，\u4f46\u662fdebug\u66f4\u9ebb\u70e6<\/p>\n

3.\u5982\u679c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684class，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b8f<\/p>\n

4.virtual methods\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u7684\u7c7b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55
\n8.1 \u7ee7\u627f
\n\u4e8b\u52a1\u57fa
\n\u6269\u5c55
\n\u66f4\u591aOOP\u672f\u8bed
\n\u6269\u5c55\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
\ndriver class
\ngenerator class
\n8.2 \u84dd\u56fe（blueprint）\u6a21\u5f0f
\nenvironment class
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684testbench
\n\u7528\u6269\u5c55transaction class
\n\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u7c7b\u6539\u53d8\u968f\u673a\u7ea6\u675f
\n8.3 downcasting and virtual method
\n\u7528$cast downcasting
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