{"id":93764,"date":"2026-08-13T08:17:29","date_gmt":"2026-08-13T00:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/93764.html"},"modified":"2026-08-13T08:17:29","modified_gmt":"2026-08-13T00:17:29","slug":"1-linux%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e4%b8%8a%e3%80%90%e7%94%b1%e6%b5%85%e5%85%a5%e6%b7%b1-linux%e3%80%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/93764.html","title":{"rendered":"1.Linux\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0a\u3010\u7531\u6d45\u5165\u6df1-Linux\u3011"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<h4>\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0&#xff1a; Linux \u80cc\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1.linux\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8109\u7edc<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6e90\u5934 \u2014\u2014 UNIX \u7684\u8bde\u751f (1960s &#8211; 1980s)<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u7cbe\u795e\u652f\u67f1 \u2014\u2014 GNU \u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd0\u52a8 (1983)<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u6280\u672f\u8df3\u677f \u2014\u2014 MINIX \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf (1987)<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9 \u2014\u2014 Linux \u7684\u8bde\u751f (1991)<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;GNU \u4e0e Linux \u7684\u5929\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5408 (1992 \u53ca\u4ee5\u540e)<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 Linux \u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6210\u5c31&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2. Linux \u4f01\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\u73b0\u72b6<\/li>\n<li>3. \u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7 Linux \u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u672c<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1&#xff09; \u5546\u4e1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6d3e&#xff1a;\u7ea2\u5e3d\u751f\u6001 (Red Hat \u7cfb)<\/li>\n<li>2&#xff09; \u4e91\u539f\u751f\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u53cb\u597d\u6d3e&#xff1a;Debian \/ Ubuntu \u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>3&#xff09; \u6b27\u6d32\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u9009&#xff1a;SUSE \u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>4&#xff09; \u786c\u4ef6\u5b9a\u5236\u6d3e&#xff1a;\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>4.\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;OS&#xff09; &#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1&#xff09; OS \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u5b83\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>2&#xff09; OS \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff1a;\u5b83\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>3&#xff09; OS \u7684\u56db\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u804c\u80fd&#xff08;\u7ba1\u7406\u804c\u8d23&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>4&#xff09; \u603b\u7ed3<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fposix<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0&#xff1a;Linux\u4e0b\u57fa\u672c\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#096;ls &#096; \u6307\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3 (List Directory Contents)<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u5fc5\u5907\u53c2\u6570 (Options)<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#096;-a&#096; (\u5168\u90e8&#xff0c;All)<\/li>\n<li>&#096;-l&#096; (\u957f\u683c\u5f0f&#xff0c;Long format) \u2014\u2014 **\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981**<\/li>\n<li>&#096;-h&#096; (\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u9605\u8bfb&#xff0c;Human-readable)<\/li>\n<li>&#096;-t&#096; (\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f&#xff0c;Time)<\/li>\n<li>&#096;-r&#096; (\u53cd\u8f6c&#xff0c;Reverse)<\/li>\n<li>&#096;-R&#096; (\u9012\u5f52&#xff0c;Recursive)<\/li>\n<li>&#096;-d&#096;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9ec4\u91d1\u7ec4\u5408\u201d<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5e95\u5c42 OS \u6982\u5ff5\u5c0f\u6269\u5c55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;xshell\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u53c2\u6570\u5408\u5e76<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u8d77<\/li>\n<li>2. \u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u987a\u5e8f\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981<\/li>\n<li>\u26a0\ufe0f 3. \u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u60c5\u51b5&#xff08;\u5e26\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>4. \u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;\u957f\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u77ed\u9009\u9879\u90a3\u6837\u62fc\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e32<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;Linux\u4e0b\u76ee\u5f55\/\u6587\u4ef6\/\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6587\u4ef6\u5939 (Folder) vs \u76ee\u5f55 (Directory)<\/li>\n<li>2. \u76ee\u5f55 (Directory) vs \u6587\u4ef6 (File)<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; Linux \u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u54f2\u5b66&#xff1a;\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6\u201d (Everything is a file)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3.\u6587\u4ef6&#061;\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#043;\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1&#xff09; \u201c\u6587\u4ef6 &#061; \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 &#043; \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u201d<\/li>\n<li>2&#xff09; \u201cls \u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u201d<\/li>\n<li>3&#xff09; \u201c\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c5e\u6027\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u201c\u5185\u5bb9\u7a7a\u201d\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u96f6&#xff01;\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u533a\u5206\u5b83\u4eec&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e03\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6 (Regular File) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;&#096;-&#096;<\/li>\n<li>2. \u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6 (Directory File) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;&#096;d&#096;<\/li>\n<li>3. \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5 (Symbolic Link) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;&#096;l&#096;<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6 (Character Device) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;&#096;c&#096;<\/li>\n<li>5. \u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6 (Block Device) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;&#096;b&#096;<\/li>\n<li>6. \u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6 (FIFO \/ Pipe) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;&#096;p&#096;<\/li>\n<li>7. \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6 (Socket) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;&#096;s&#096;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u9636\u5c0f\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff1a;&#096;file [\u9009\u9879] \u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. &#096;-b&#096; (Brief) \u2014\u2014 \u53ea\u8981\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u5e9f\u8bdd<\/li>\n<li>2. &#096;-i&#096; (Mime) \u2014\u2014 \u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u201c\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u201d<\/li>\n<li>3. &#096;-L&#096; (Link) \u2014\u2014 \u522b\u770b\u201c\u8def\u724c\u201d&#xff0c;\u770b\u201c\u7ec8\u70b9\u201d<\/li>\n<li>4. &#096;-f&#096; (File) \u2014\u2014 \u7167\u7740\u201c\u6e05\u5355\u201d\u67e5<\/li>\n<li>5. &#096;-z&#096; (Zip) \u2014\u2014 \u9694\u7740\u201c\u7bb1\u5b50\u201d\u770b\u8d27<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;Linux\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001 \u4e00\u68f5\u5012\u6302\u7684\u6811&#xff1a;Linux \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a; Linux \u7684\u5404\u76ee\u5f55\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u6307\u6325\u90e8&#xff08;\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u5e93&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>2. \u795e\u7ecf\u4e2d\u67a2&#xff08;\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u542f\u52a8&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>3. \u79c1\u4eba\u9886\u5730&#xff08;\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>4. \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u7f6e\u533a&#xff08;\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>5. \u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6d41&#xff08;\u968f\u65f6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>6. \u5916\u8bbe\u8fde\u63a5\u7ad9&#xff08;\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6302\u8f7d&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>7. \u865a\u62df\u5012\u5f71&#xff08;\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001 \u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 vs \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 (Absolute Path) \u2014\u2014 \u7ed9\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684GPS\u5750\u6807<\/li>\n<li>2. \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 (Relative Path) \u2014\u2014 \u4ee5\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u8def\u724c&#xff0c;\u968f\u65f6\u968f\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001 \u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684 4 \u4e2a\u201c\u9b54\u6cd5\u7b26\u53f7\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6839\u76ee\u5f55 (Root Directory)&#xff1a;&#096;\/&#096;<\/li>\n<li>2. \u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55 (Home Directory)&#xff1a;&#096;~&#096;<\/li>\n<li>3. \u4e00\u56fe\u770b\u61c2\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>4. \u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u6781\u6613\u7528\u9519\u7684\u7a7f\u68ad\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;tree&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5c42\u7ea7&#xff08;\u6700\u57fa\u7840&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u2b50 \u9650\u5236\u904d\u5386\u6df1\u5ea6&#xff08;\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570 &#096;-L&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u53ea\u770b\u9aa8\u67b6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u770b\u8840\u8089&#xff08;\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55 &#096;-d&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u56db&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;&#096;-a&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u6781\u5ba2\u7ec4\u5408\u6280&#xff08;\u5199\u6587\u6863\u795e\u5668&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f6a8; \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>**&#096;pwd&#096;** \u6307\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u7075\u9b42\u62f7\u95ee\u201c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u54ea&#xff1f;\u201d<\/li>\n<li>2. \u5e95\u5c42\u63ed\u79d8&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u7684&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;cd&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 vs \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5fc5\u4f1a\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u7b26\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;clear&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5e73\u66ff&#xff1a;&#096;Ctrl &#043; L&#096;<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5e95\u5c42\u771f\u76f8&#xff1a;\u5b83\u771f\u7684\u201c\u6e05\u7a7a\u201d\u4e86\u5417&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;history&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7cbe\u51c6\u67e5\u627e<\/li>\n<li>2. \u53f9\u53f7\u9b54\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u8c03\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5e73\u66ff&#xff1a;&#096;Ctrl &#043; R&#096;<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u201c\u6bc1\u5c38\u706d\u8ff9\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;whoami&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<li>2. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5e38\u89c1\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;touch&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<li>2. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5e38\u89c1\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u793a\u4f8b<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u66f4\u65b0\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>4. \u8fdb\u9636\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u7ed3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;touch\u521b\u5efa\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91&#xff1a;\u53ea\u8981\u8def\u5f84\u5bf9&#xff0c;\u54ea\u91cc\u90fd\u80fd\u5efa<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f A&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u201d&#xff08;\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 &#096;\/&#096; \u5f00\u59cb\u7b97&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f B&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u201d&#xff08;\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\u7b97&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2. \u4e24\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd&#xff1a;\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff08;\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u7f3a\u5931&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd&#xff1a;\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3&#xff08;\u8d8a\u754c\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; \u6781\u5ba2\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;Linux \u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u201c\u7784\u51c6\u201d\u6cd5\u5219<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;rm&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a &#096;-r&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u65e0\u60c5\u62b9\u9664&#xff0c;\u62d2\u7edd\u786e\u8ba4&#xff08;\u52a0\u4e0a &#096;-f&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u9ad8\u9891\u4e14\u6781\u5176\u5371\u9669\u7684\u7ec4\u5408&#xff1a;&#096;rm -rf&#096;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;mkdir&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u5355\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u4e00\u952e\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u5c42\u5d4c\u5957\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570 &#096;-p&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u8fdb\u9636\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u7ed3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;rmdir&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u50cf\u5265\u6d0b\u8471\u4e00\u6837\u5220\u9664\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570 &#096;-p&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7075\u9b42\u62f7\u95ee&#xff1a;\u65e2\u7136\u6709 &#096;rm -rf&#096;&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u8981 &#096;rmdir&#096; \u5e72\u561b&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; \u6781\u5ba2\u7ec4\u5408\u6280&#xff1a;\u4e00\u952e\u6e05\u7406\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5e9f\u5f03\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;man&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<li>2. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>3. \u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5feb\u6377\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<li>4. \u8fdb\u9636\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u624b\u518c\u7684\u201c\u7ae0\u8282\u201d (\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u77e5)<\/li>\n<li>5. \u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u7528\u8f85\u52a9\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u8def\u5f84\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5904\u52a0\/\u4ee3\u8868\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u76ee\u5f55?<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u52a0 &#096;\/&#096; \u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1f;\u27a1\ufe0f **\u5bf9\u7684&#xff01;**<\/li>\n<li>2. \u52a0\u4e0d\u52a0\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u4ef7&#xff1f;\u27a1\ufe0f **\u9519&#xff01;\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u5929\u5dee\u5730\u522b&#xff01;**<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; \u6781\u7b80\u64cd\u4f5c\u6cd5\u5219&#xff08;\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u6307\u5357&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;cp&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u590d\u5236\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a &#096;-r&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u4fdd\u7559\u6587\u4ef6\u539f\u59cb\u5c5e\u6027&#xff08;\u52a0\u4e0a &#096;-p&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u77e5\u7684\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u7ed3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;mv&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u539f\u5730\u91cd\u547d\u540d&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e4b\u4e00&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u7eaf\u79fb\u52a8&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u77e5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u907f\u5751<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; \u91cd\u70b9\u5dee\u5f02&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 &#096;-r&#096;<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f6a8; \u5371\u9669\u8b66\u544a&#xff1a;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9759\u9ed8\u8986\u76d6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u63ed\u79d8&#xff08;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 &#096;mv&#096; \u8fd9\u4e48\u5feb&#xff1f;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;cat&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6700\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u7528\u6cd5&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u67e5\u770b&#xff08;\u52a0\u4e0a &#096;-n&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u56de\u5f52\u672c\u610f \u2014\u2014 \u62fc\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u56db&#xff1a;\u9ed1\u5ba2\u98ce\u7684\u201c\u5feb\u901f\u5199\u5165\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. &#x1f6a8; \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357&#xff08;\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;tac&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u6f14\u793a<\/li>\n<li>2. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6700\u7231\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u65e5\u5fd7\u9006\u5411\u6392\u67e5<\/li>\n<li>3. &#x1f4a1; \u6781\u5ba2\u51b7\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff1a;&#096;tac&#096; \u4e0e &#096;rev&#096; \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;echo&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u5355\u7eaf\u6253\u5370\u6587\u672c&#xff08;\u6700\u57fa\u7840&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u2b50 \u7ed3\u5408\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5feb\u901f\u5199\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6781\u9ad8\u9891\u7528\u6cd5&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff08;\u5fc5\u987b\u638c\u63e1&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u56db&#xff1a;\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570 &#096;-e&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; \u6781\u5ba2\u51b7\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff1a;\u6e05\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u4f18\u96c5\u201d\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#xff08;\u6539\u53d8\u6392\u51fa\u7684\u6c34\u6d41&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5355\u5927\u4e8e\u53f7 &#096;&gt;&#096;&#xff1a;\u8986\u76d6\u8f93\u51fa (Overwrite)<\/li>\n<li>\u53cc\u5927\u4e8e\u53f7 &#096;&gt;&gt;&#096;&#xff1a;\u8ffd\u52a0\u8f93\u51fa (Append)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2. \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#xff08;\u6539\u53d8\u62bd\u6c34\u7684\u6c34\u6e90&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5355\u5c0f\u4e8e\u53f7 &#096;&lt;&#096;&#xff1a;\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/li>\n<li>\u53cc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u53f7 &#096;&lt;&lt;&#096;&#xff1a;\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165 (Here Document)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. &#x1f6a8; \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8fdb\u9636&#xff1a;\u5206\u79bb\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u51fa\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u62a5\u9519\u4fe1\u606f\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f A&#xff1a;\u6211\u53ea\u8981\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff08;\u6b63\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f\u7559\u5c4f\u5e55&#xff0c;\u62a5\u9519\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f B&#xff1a;\u5c06\u4e24\u6839\u6c34\u7ba1\u5408\u5e76&#xff08;\u6781\u5176\u9ad8\u9891&#xff01;\u6b63\u5e38\u548c\u62a5\u9519\u5168\u90fd\u8981&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f C&#xff1a;\u4e22\u8fdb\u9ed1\u6d1e&#xff08;\u773c\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e3a\u51c0&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u9053&#096;|&#096;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6bd4\u55bb<\/li>\n<li>2. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u914d\u5408 &#096;grep&#096; \u53d8\u8eab\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u914d\u5408 &#096;less&#096; \u6216 &#096;more&#096; \u9632\u6b62\u201c\u5237\u5c4f\u7206\u70b8\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u914d\u5408 &#096;wc&#096; \u53d8\u8eab\u201c\u7edf\u8ba1\u795e\u5668\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u56db&#xff1a;\u7ec4\u5408\u622a\u53d6&#xff08;Head \/ Tail&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>4. &#x1f6a8; \u6838\u5fc3\u8fa8\u6790&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u9053 &#096;|&#096; vs \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 &#096;&gt;&#096;<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; \u6781\u5ba2\u7ec8\u6781\u7ec4\u5408&#xff1a;\u53c8\u60f3\u63a5\u7ba1\u5b50&#xff0c;\u53c8\u60f3\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;&#096;tee&#096; \u6307\u4ee4&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;more&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u5feb\u6377\u952e&#xff08;\u8fdb\u53bb\u540e\u600e\u4e48\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u7ed3\u5408\u201c\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 &#096;|&#096;\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u7ffb\u9605\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>4. &#x1f4a1; \u7ec8\u6781\u6781\u5ba2\u5e38\u8bc6&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8001\u624b\u90fd\u5728\u7528 &#096;less&#096;&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;less&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf&#xff08;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u662f\u738b\u8005&#xff1f;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>2. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u201c\u6307\u6cd5\u201d&#xff08;\u5feb\u6377\u952e&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f31f; \u57fa\u7840\u7ffb\u9875&#xff08;\u4e1d\u6ed1\u4e0a\u4e0b&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f680; \u5feb\u901f\u8df3\u8f6c<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f50d; \u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f6aa; \u9000\u51fa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>4. \u8fdb\u9636\u795e\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5&#xff08;\u6392\u67e5\u7ebf\u4e0a Bug \u5fc5\u5907&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u663e\u2f70\u6bcf\u2f8f\u7684\u2f8f\u53f7&#xff08;\u52a0\u4e0a &#096;-N&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u5145\u5f53\u7ba1\u9053\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668&#xff08;\u7ed3\u5408 &#096;|&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u53d6\u4ee3 &#096;tail -f&#096; \u5b9e\u65f6\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff08;\u6781\u5ba2\u4e13\u5c5e&#xff1a;&#096;&#043;F&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;head&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u67e5\u770b&#xff08;\u6700\u5f00\u5934 10 \u884c&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u6570&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570 &#096;-n&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u622a\u53d6&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570 &#096;-c&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8fdb\u9636\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u7ed3\u5408\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 &#096;|&#096;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;tail&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u67e5\u770b&#xff08;\u6700\u672b\u5c3e 10 \u884c&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u6570&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570 &#096;-n&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;&#x1f31f; \u7075\u9b42\u529f\u80fd \u2014\u2014 \u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570 &#096;-f&#096;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u56db&#xff1a;\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u672b\u5c3e&#xff08;\u5e26 &#096;&#043;&#096; \u53f7\u7684\u5947\u6280\u6deb\u5de7&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u8fdb\u9636\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357&#xff1a;\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u4e0e\u5927\u5199 &#096;-F&#096;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;date&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;\u6700\u57fa\u7840&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u2b50 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa&#xff08;\u5199\u811a\u672c\u7edd\u5bf9\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;&#x1f31f; \u73a9\u8f6c Unix \u65f6\u95f4\u6233 (Epoch Time)<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f\u56db&#xff1a;\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u7b97&#xff08;\u65f6\u5149\u673a\u529f\u80fd&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>**&#096;cal&#096;** \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b<\/li>\n<li>4. \u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u5751\u201d<\/li>\n<li>5. \u8fdb\u9636\u62d3\u5c55&#xff1a;&#096;ncal&#096; \u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>**&#096;find&#096;** \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u5e38\u7528\u67e5\u627e\u6761\u4ef6&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f539; \u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u67e5\u627e<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f539; \u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u67e5\u627e (&#096;-type&#096;)<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f539; \u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u67e5\u627e (&#096;-size&#096;)<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f539; \u6309\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u67e5\u627e (&#096;-mtime&#096; \/ &#096;-mmin&#096;)<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f539; \u6309\u6df1\u5ea6\u67e5\u627e&#xff08;\u4f18\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u901f\u5ea6&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5904\u7406\u52a8\u4f5c&#xff08;\u8fdb\u9636\u5a01\u529b&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5b9e\u6218\u9ad8\u9891\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>5.&#096;find&#096; \u6307\u4ee4\u987a\u5e8f\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u201c\u6f5c\u89c4\u5219\u201d&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1) \u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u201c\u77ed\u8def\u6c42\u503c\u201d (Short-Circuit)<\/li>\n<li>2&#xff09; \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6&#xff08;Tests&#xff09;\u7684\u987a\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u5f71\u54cd\u6548\u7387<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>6. \u65b0\u624b\u6613\u9519\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c0f\u6280\u5de7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a; &#096;find&#096; \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684 &#096;-o&#096; \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u8be6\u89e3<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u89c4\u5219&#xff08;\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u793a\u4f8b\u4e0e\u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u274c \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;\u60f3\u627e &#096;\/home&#096; \u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5305\u542b &#096;t&#096; **\u6216** &#096;f&#096; \u7684**\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6**<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 \u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u7528\u62ec\u53f7\u5f3a\u5236\u6539\u53d8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/li>\n<li>\u274c \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;\u60f3\u627e\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b &#096;t&#096; \u548c &#096;f&#096; \u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u9650&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 \u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>4. &#096;-o&#096; \u7684\u77ed\u8def\u884c\u4e3a<\/li>\n<li>5. \u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528 &#096;-a&#096; \u548c &#096;-o&#096;<\/li>\n<li>6. \u603b\u7ed3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790 Linux \u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u4e0e\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001 Linux \u901a\u914d\u7b26 (Wildcards \/ Globbing)<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1\\\\. \u5e38\u7528\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7b26\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>2\\\\. \u901a\u914d\u7b26&#xff1a;\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684 3 \u4e2a\u5927\u5751<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001 \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f (Regular Expressions)<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1\\\\. \u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7b26\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>2\\\\. \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684 3 \u4e2a\u5927\u5751<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001 \u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u70b9\u5bf9\u6bd4&#xff08;\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u770b\u61c2&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u56db\u3001 \u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0e\u8fdb\u9636\u4f8b\u5916<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1\\\\. \u65e5\u5e38 90% \u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6cd5\u5219<\/li>\n<li>2\\\\. \u8fdb\u9636 10% \u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u5f53\u754c\u9650\u88ab\u6253\u7834&#xff08;\u5c0f\u4f8b\u5916&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>**&#096;which&#096;** \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u672c\u8d28<\/li>\n<li>\u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a; which \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f1a\u53d8\u5feb&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>2. \u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b<\/li>\n<li>3. \u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;&#096;-a&#096; (All)<\/li>\n<li>4. \u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u5751\u201d\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u274c \u5751 1&#xff1a;\u627e\u4e0d\u7740\u201cShell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u274c \u5751 2&#xff1a;\u627e\u4e0d\u7740\u201c\u522b\u540d (alias)\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>5. \u8fdb\u9636\u62d3\u5c55&#xff1a;\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u547d\u4ee4\u5176\u5b9e\u662fshell\u5916\u58f3&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u67b6\u6784\u5b8f\u89c2\u89c6\u89d2&#xff1a;Shell \u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u58f3\u201d&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u63ed\u79d8&#xff1a;\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u9635\u8425<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9635\u8425 A&#xff1a;\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4 (Shell Built-in Commands) \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u9635\u8425 B&#xff1a;\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4 (External Commands) \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u9519\u7684\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u5b9e\u6218\u201c\u7167\u5996\u955c\u201d&#xff1a;\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u5185\u90e8\u8fd8\u662f\u5916\u90e8&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fbash<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a Shell&#xff08;\u58f3&#xff09;&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>2. Bash \u7684\u4e24\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd<\/li>\n<li>3. \u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5ba2\u51b7\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb &#034;Bash&#034;&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;Linux \u6307\u4ee4\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u5417&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u95e8\u6d3e 1&#xff1a;\u522b\u540d (Alias) \u2014\u2014 \u5927\u53a8\u7684\u201c\u5feb\u6377\u77ed\u8bed\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u95e8\u6d3e 2&#xff1a;Shell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4 (Built-in) \u2014\u2014 \u5927\u53a8\u7684\u201c\u5929\u751f\u672c\u80fd\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u95e8\u6d3e 3&#xff1a;Shell \u51fd\u6570 (Function) \u2014\u2014 \u5927\u53a8\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u521b\u83dc\u8c31\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u95e8\u6d3e 4&#xff1a;\u5916\u90e8\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 (External) \u2014\u2014 \u8eba\u5728\u4ed3\u5e93\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u4f53\u5de5\u5177\u201d<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; \u7ec8\u6781\u7834\u6848&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 &#096;which&#096; \u627e &#096;$PATH&#096; \u5374\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f50d; \u7ec8\u6781\u5927\u62db&#xff1a;\u4e00\u62db\u8fa8\u522b\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u201c\u771f\u8eab\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6709&#096;.\/&#096;\u624d\u80fd\u8dd1&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u56db\u6b65\u5bfb\u5740\u6cd5\u201d\u4e0e\u5bfb\u5b9d\u56fe &#096;$PATH&#096;<\/li>\n<li>2. \u7834\u8bd1 &#096;.\/&#096; \u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u542b\u4e49&#xff1a;\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/li>\n<li>3. \u7ec8\u6781\u62f7\u95ee&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 Linux \u4e0d\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;&#096;.&#096;&#xff09;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u52a0\u5165 &#096;PATH&#096;&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; \u8fdb\u9636\u5b9e\u6218&#xff1a;\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u6446\u8131 &#096;.\/&#096;&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;whereis&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879&#xff08;\u7cbe\u786e\u6253\u51fb&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>3. &#096;whereis&#096; \u4e0e &#096;which&#096; \u7684\u5dc5\u5cf0\u5bf9\u51b3&#xff08;\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u533a\u522b A&#xff1a;\u627e\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u201c\u5730\u56fe\u201d\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837<\/li>\n<li>\u533a\u522b B&#xff1a;\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>5. \u6613\u9519\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;alias&#096;&#xff08;\u522b\u540d&#xff09;\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f539; \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u522b\u540d<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f539; \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u522b\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2. \u5b9e\u6218\u9ad8\u9891\u573a\u666f&#xff08;\u8001\u9e1f\u7684\u65e5\u5e38&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>3. \u6700\u5927\u53f7\u7684\u5751&#xff1a;\u201c\u5173\u673a\u5c31\u6ca1\u201d\u4e0e\u5982\u4f55\u6c38\u4e45\u4fdd\u5b58<\/li>\n<li>4. \u8fdb\u9636\u73a9\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u5378\u6389\u4f2a\u88c5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u89e3\u9664\u522b\u540d\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f539; \u4e34\u65f6\u7ed5\u8fc7\u522b\u540d&#xff08;\u53eb\u5b83\u7684\u771f\u540d&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f539; \u5220\u9664\u522b\u540d (&#096;unalias&#096;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a; Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u201c\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u7b26\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. &#096;&amp;&amp;&#096; &#xff1a;\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e (AND) \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u6210\u529f\u4e86&#xff0c;\u624d\u7ee7\u7eed\u201d<\/li>\n<li>2. &#096;||&#096; &#xff1a;\u903b\u8f91\u6216 (OR) \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u5931\u8d25\u4e86&#xff0c;\u624d\u515c\u5e95\u201d<\/li>\n<li>3. &#096;;&#096; &#xff1a;\u5206\u53f7 \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6b7b\u6d3b&#xff0c;\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u961f\u201d<\/li>\n<li>4. &#096;|&#096; &#xff1a;\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 (Pipe) \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u63a5\u529b\u201d<\/li>\n<li>5. &#096;&amp;&#096; &#xff1a;\u5355\u540e\u53f0\u7b26 (Background) \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u6302\u5728\u540e\u53f0&#xff0c;\u7acb\u523b\u4ea4\u6743\u201d<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; \u9ad8\u9636\u7ec4\u5408\u6280&#xff1a;Bash \u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5143\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;Linux \u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6807\u51c6\u5355\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca&#xff1a;&#096;#&#096;<\/li>\n<li>2. &#x1f6a8; \u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u4f8b&#xff1a;Shebang (&#096;#!&#096;)<\/li>\n<li>3. \u9ad8\u9636\u6280\u5de7&#xff1a;\u591a\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u600e\u4e48\u641e&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;grep&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/li>\n<li>2. \u8fd0\u7ef4\u8001\u9e1f\u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 5 \u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li>3. &#096;grep&#096; \u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7075\u9b42&#xff1a;\u7ed3\u5408\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 &#096;|&#096;<\/li>\n<li>4. \u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684 2 \u4e2a\u201c\u5929\u5751\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u274c \u5751 1&#xff1a;\u628a\u201c\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u201d\u641e\u6df7<\/li>\n<li>\u274c \u5751 2&#xff1a;\u641c\u7d22\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u641c\u51fa\u6765\u4e86<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;top&#096; \u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5168\u5c40\u6c47\u603b\u4fe1\u606f (Summary Area)<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u7b2c\u4e00\u884c&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d (Uptime &amp; Load Average)<\/li>\n<li>2. \u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c&#xff1a;\u4efb\u52a1\/\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001 (Tasks)<\/li>\n<li>3. \u7b2c\u4e09\u884c&#xff1a;CPU \u72b6\u6001 (CPU States)<\/li>\n<li>4. \u7b2c\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u884c&#xff1a;\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4 (Memory &amp; Swap)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u8868 (Task Area)<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u64cd\u6307\u5357&#xff1a;Top \u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5feb\u6377\u952e&#xff08;\u5185\u90e8\u6307\u4ee4&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;htop&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u9876\u90e8\u7684\u4eea\u8868\u76d8 (Header Area)<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1\\\\. CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6761 (1, 2, 3, 4&#8230;)<\/li>\n<li>2\\\\. \u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4 (Mem &amp; Swp)<\/li>\n<li>3\\\\. \u53f3\u4fa7\u6c47\u603b\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868 (Process Area)<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u83dc\u5355 (Footer \/ Menu)<\/li>\n<li>\u5176\u4ed6\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u795e\u4ed9\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;zip&#096; \u548c &#096;unzip&#096;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;&#096;zip&#096; \u6307\u4ee4&#xff08;\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u6253\u5305\u538b\u7f29&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f31f; \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;&#096;unzip&#096; \u6307\u4ee4&#xff08;\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f31f; \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; \u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357&#xff1a;Windows \u4f20\u6765\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u89e3\u538b\u4e71\u7801\u600e\u4e48\u529e&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;SSH<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981 SSH&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>SSH \u7684\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u9014<\/li>\n<li>SSH \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8eab\u4efd\u7684&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;&#096;rz\/sz&#096;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f680; Linux \u7ec8\u7aef\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u4f20\u8f93\u795e\u5668&#xff1a;&#096;rz\/sz&#096; \u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001 \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u8c01\u5728\u53d1\u9001&#xff1f;\u8c01\u5728\u63a5\u6536&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001 \u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Zmodem&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001 \u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e\u5b89\u88c5<\/li>\n<li>\u56db\u3001 \u5b9e\u6218\u6f14\u7ec3\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1\\\\. &#096;rz&#096;&#xff1a;\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/li>\n<li>2\\\\. &#096;sz&#096;&#xff1a;\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u672c\u5730<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e94\u3001 \u9ad8\u9636\u6392\u9519\u4e0e\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/li>\n<li>\u516d\u3001 \u4f20\u8f93\u5de5\u5177\u5927\u6bd4\u62fc&#xff1a;\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8be5\u7528\u8c01&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;xshell\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff1f;\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u7ec8\u7aef\u201d (Terminal)&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001 \u73b0\u5728\u7684\u201c\u7ec8\u7aef\u201d\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001 \u8c01\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u7684&#xff1f;(Shell)<\/li>\n<li>\u56db\u3001 \u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;Xshell \u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;&#096;scp&#096;-Secure Copy&#xff08;\u5b89\u5168\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001 &#096;scp&#096; \u7684\u4e07\u80fd\u8bed\u6cd5\u516c\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001 \u5b9e\u6218\u6f14\u7ec3&#xff1a;\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684 4 \u5927\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f 1&#xff1a;\u628a\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u201c\u63a8\u201d\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff08;\u4e0a\u4f20&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f 2&#xff1a;\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6587\u4ef6\u201c\u62c9\u201d\u5230\u672c\u5730&#xff08;\u4e0b\u8f7d&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f 3&#xff1a;\u4f20\u8f93\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff08;\u6781\u5176\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f 4&#xff1a;\u4e24\u53f0\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u4f20&#xff08;\u4e91\u7aef\u5bf9\u62f7&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001 \u9ad8\u9636\u5b9e\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. &#096;-P&#096; (\u5927\u5199 P)&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u6807\u51c6 SSH \u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>2. &#096;-p&#096; (\u5c0f\u5199 p)&#xff1a;\u4fdd\u7559\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<li>3. &#096;-l&#096; (limit)&#xff1a;\u9650\u5236\u4f20\u8f93\u5e26\u5bbd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u56db\u3001 \u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357\u4e0e\u8fdb\u9636\u5efa\u8bae<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;tar&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001 &#096;tar&#096; \u7684\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u516c\u5f0f\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u4e3b\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u5fc5\u9009\u5176\u4e00&#xff0c;\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>2. \u538b\u7f29\u7c7b\u578b&#xff08;\u53ef\u9009&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>3. \u8f85\u52a9\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u9ad8\u9891\u4f7f\u7528&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001 \u5b9e\u6218\u6f14\u7ec3&#xff1a;\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684 5 \u5927\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f 1&#xff1a;\u628a\u76ee\u5f55\u6253\u5305\u5e76\u538b\u7f29&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f 2&#xff1a;\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f 3&#xff1a;\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f 4&#xff1a;\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u75db\u70b9 \u2014\u2014 \u6392\u9664\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5982 node_modules \/ .git&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u573a\u666f 5&#xff1a;\u53ea\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u89e3\u538b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001 \u7ecf\u5178\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357&#xff08;\u65b0\u624b\u5fc5\u770b&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;tar\u6307\u4ee4\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff1f;zip\u5462&#xff1f;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f31f; \u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f6e1;\ufe0f \u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6548\u7684&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; \u8fdb\u9636&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u6211\u975e\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u600e\u4e48\u529e&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;bc&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001 \u57fa\u7840\u73a9\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001 \u9ad8\u9636\u5b9e\u6218&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u503c&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u7840\u5c0f\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97<\/li>\n<li>2. &#096;scale&#096;&#xff1a;\u63a7\u5236\u5c0f\u6570\u7cbe\u5ea6&#xff08;\u9664\u6cd5\u7684\u7075\u9b42&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>3. &#096;obase&#096; \u4e0e &#096;ibase&#096;&#xff1a;\u65e0\u654c\u7684\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u5668<\/li>\n<li>4. &#096;-l&#096; \u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\u5f00\u542f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u5b66\u5e93 (Math Library)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;uname -r&#096;\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001 \u4e00\u884c\u770b\u4f3c\u4e71\u7801\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5e95\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001 \u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u5230 &#096;uname -r&#096;&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001 \u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5927\u7075\u9b42\u62f7\u95ee\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#096;type&#096;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u547d\u4ee4\u7b80\u4ecb<\/li>\n<li>2. \u4e94\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<li>3. \u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u9009\u9879<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5e38\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/li>\n<li>5. \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>linux\u4e2d\u7684\u70ed\u952e<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001 \u6551\u547d\u795e\u952e&#xff08;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5c4f\u5e55\u63a7\u5236&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001 \u77ac\u79fb\u795e\u952e&#xff08;\u5149\u6807\u5feb\u901f\u79fb\u52a8&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001 \u526a\u5200\u624b&#xff08;\u5feb\u901f\u5220\u9664\u4e0e\u7c98\u8d34&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u56db\u3001 \u65f6\u5149\u673a&#xff08;\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u53ec\u5524&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0&#xff1a;shell\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd0\u2f8f\u539f\u7406<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1\u3001 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0e\u72ed\u4e49<\/li>\n<li>2\u3001 \u6545\u4e8b\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u4eba\u7269\u4ecb\u7ecd&#xff08;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u6620\u5c04&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>3\u3001 \u8fd0\u884c\u539f\u7406\u89e3\u6790&#xff08;\u4e61\u6751\u76f8\u4eb2\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u540d\u573a\u9762&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f3ac; \u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u76f8\u4eb2\u987a\u5229&#xff08;\u6267\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f3ac; \u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u80e1\u8a00\u4e71\u8bed&#xff08;Command Not Found&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f3ac; \u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u738b\u5a46\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u7edd\u62db \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u66ff\u6b7b\u9b3c\u201d&#xff08;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u673a\u5236&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; \u603b\u7ed3<\/li>\n<li>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;shell\u5916\u58f3\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u662fshell\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6216\u8005\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u754c\u9762&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u547d\u4ee4\u884c Shell (CLI &#8211; Command Line Interface)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2. \u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762 (GUI &#8211; Graphical User Interface)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0&#xff1a; Linux \u80cc\u666f<\/h2>\n<h3>1.linux\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8109\u7edc<\/h3>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6e90\u5934 \u2014\u2014 UNIX \u7684\u8bde\u751f (1960s &#8211; 1980s)<\/h4>\n<p>Linux \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u6839\u690d\u4e8e UNIX \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<li>Multics \u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4e0e\u542f\u53d1&#xff1a;1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f&#xff0c;\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4&#xff08;Bell Labs&#xff09;\u3001\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662&#xff08;MIT&#xff09;\u548c\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14&#xff08;GE&#xff09;\u5408\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a Multics \u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5b8f\u5927\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742&#xff0c;\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u5c55\u7f13\u6162&#xff0c;\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6700\u7ec8\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/li>\n<li>UNIX \u7684\u8bde\u751f (1969)&#xff1a;\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Ken Thompson \u548c Dennis Ritchie \u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u73a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u201c\u661f\u9645\u65c5\u884c\u201d\u7684\u6e38\u620f&#xff0c;\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9f\u5f03\u7684 PDP-7 \u5c0f\u578b\u673a\u4e0a\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7248\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a UNIX\u3002<\/li>\n<li>C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u91cd\u5199&#xff1a;1973\u5e74&#xff0c;Dennis Ritchie \u53d1\u660e\u4e86 C \u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06 UNIX \u7528 C \u8bed\u8a00\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u5199\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 UNIX \u5177\u6709\u4e86\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027&#xff0c;\u8fc5\u901f\u5728\u9ad8\u6821\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8d70\u5411\u5c01\u95ed\u4e0e\u6602\u8d35&#xff1a;\u5230\u4e86 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3&#xff0c;AT&amp;T&#xff08;\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u6bcd\u516c\u53f8&#xff09;\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86 UNIX \u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u4ef7\u503c&#xff0c;\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u5176\u95ed\u6e90\u5e76\u6536\u53d6\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u6388\u6743\u8d39\u3002\u5404\u5927\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8&#xff08;\u5982 IBM\u3001HP\u3001Sun&#xff09;\u4e5f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u63a8\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u4e13\u5c5e\u4e14\u4e92\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u7684 UNIX \u53d8\u79cd&#xff08;\u5982 AIX, HP-UX, Solaris&#xff09;\u3002UNIX \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5ba2\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u4e50\u56ed\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u7cbe\u795e\u652f\u67f1 \u2014\u2014 GNU \u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd0\u52a8 (1983)<\/h4>\n<p>\u9762\u5bf9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65e5\u76ca\u5c01\u95ed\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u5316&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb Richard Stallman&#xff08;\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u65af\u6258\u66fc&#xff09; \u7684\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u9ed1\u5ba2\u611f\u5230\u6781\u5176\u6124\u6012\u548c\u75db\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u53d1\u8d77 GNU \u8ba1\u5212 (1983)&#xff1a;Stallman \u53d1\u8d77\u4e86 GNU (GNU\u2019s Not Unix) \u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u3001\u4e0e UNIX \u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5efa\u7acb FSF \u4e0e GPL \u534f\u8bae&#xff1a;\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a (FSF)&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684 GPL (GNU\u901a\u7528\u516c\u5171\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1)\u3002GPL \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7cbe\u795e\u662f&#xff1a;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u4ee3\u7801&#xff1b;\u4f46\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4f60\u5bf9\u5916\u5206\u53d1\u53d7 GPL \u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u884d\u751f\u4f5c\u54c1\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u9075\u5b88 GPL \u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5f00\u653e\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8981\u6c42&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u5373\u516c\u5f00\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u4e07\u4e8b\u4ff1\u5907&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6b20\u4e1c\u98ce\u201d&#xff1a;\u5230\u4e86 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d&#xff0c;GNU \u8ba1\u5212\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u5177&#xff08;\u5982 GCC \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3001Emacs \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3001Bash Shell \u7b49&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u552f\u72ec\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u90e8\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838 (Kernel)\u3002GNU \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u6838\u9879\u76ee&#xff08;Hurd&#xff09;\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742&#xff0c;\u8fdf\u8fdf\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5de5\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u6280\u672f\u8df3\u677f \u2014\u2014 MINIX \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf (1987)<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u6559\u6388\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406&#xff0c;\u8377\u5170\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u81ea\u7531\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6559\u6388 Andrew S. Tanenbaum&#xff08;\u5854\u80fd\u9c8d\u59c6&#xff09; \u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u578b\u3001\u7c7b UNIX \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u547d\u540d\u4e3a MINIX\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>MINIX \u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u8ba9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u80fd\u8bfb\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46\u662f&#xff0c;Tanenbaum \u6559\u6388\u575a\u6301 MINIX \u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u6559\u5b66\u76ee\u7684&#xff0c;\u62d2\u7edd\u52a0\u5165\u5f88\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7531&#xff08;\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5206\u53d1&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9 \u2014\u2014 Linux \u7684\u8bde\u751f (1991)<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u767b\u573a\u4e86\u3002\u82ac\u5170\u8d6b\u5c14\u8f9b\u57fa\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u540d 21 \u5c81\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u5b66\u751f Linus Torvalds&#xff08;\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u6258\u74e6\u5179&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5bf9 MINIX \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9650\u5236\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0a\u7f51\u800c\u5199\u4ee3\u7801&#xff1a;Linus \u6700\u521d\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u4eff\u771f\u5668&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u7528\u4ed6\u7684 386 \u7535\u8111\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5b66\u6821\u7684 Unix \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7f51\u3002\u540e\u6765&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u90ae\u4ef6\u5ba3\u8a00\u201d (1991\u5e748\u670825\u65e5)&#xff1a;Linus \u5728 comp.os.minix \u65b0\u95fb\u7ec4\u4e0a\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u8457\u540d\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6&#xff1a;\n<p>\u201cHello everybody out there using minix &#8211; I\u2019m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won\u2019t be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones\u2026\u201d &gt; &#xff08;\u5927\u5bb6\u597d&#xff0c;\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u7231\u597d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf GNU \u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u90a3\u4e48\u4e13\u4e1a\u2026&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>0.01 \u4e0e 0.02 \u7248&#xff1a;1991\u5e749\u6708&#xff0c;Linus \u5c06 Linux 0.01 \u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u653e\u5230\u4e86 FTP \u7ad9\u70b9\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u4f46 0.01 \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u9762\u5411\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u3001\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7248\u672c&#xff1b;1991\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u5e03\u7684 0.02 \u7248\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c Bash \u548c GCC\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;GNU \u4e0e Linux \u7684\u5929\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5408 (1992 \u53ca\u4ee5\u540e)<\/h4>\n<p>Linus \u8d77\u521d\u53ea\u5199\u4e86\u5185\u6838\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9664\u4e86\u5185\u6838&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5404\u79cd\u5916\u56f4\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u5f3a\u5f3a\u8054\u5408 (GNU\/Linux)&#xff1a;Linux \u5185\u6838\u4e0e GNU \u8ba1\u5212\u4e4b\u524d\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4f18\u79c0\u5de5\u5177&#xff08;\u5982 GCC\u3001Bash&#xff09;\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u540e&#xff0c;\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u53ef\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002GNU \u7ec8\u4e8e\u6709\u4e86\u53ef\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u6838&#xff0c;Linux \u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u8bf4&#xff0c;Linux \u9996\u5148\u6307 Linux \u5185\u6838&#xff1b;\u65e5\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201cLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u57fa\u4e8e Linux \u5185\u6838\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u91c7\u7528 GNU \u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5e38\u89c1 GNU\/Linux \u8fd9\u4e00\u79f0\u547c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u62e5\u62b1 GPL \u534f\u8bae (1992)&#xff1a;Linus \u6700\u521d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7981\u6b62\u5546\u4e1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4f46\u5728 1992 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684 0.12 \u7248\u672c\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff1a;\u5c06 Linux \u91cd\u65b0\u4ee5 GNU GPL \u534f\u8bae\u6388\u6743\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f7f\u5f97\u5168\u7403\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u9ed1\u5ba2\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u5927\u80c6\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230 Linux \u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a GPL \u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u67d0\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u79c1\u541e\u3002 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260813001725-6a7d0d15587ba.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<h4>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 Linux \u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6210\u5c31&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>Linux \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u4e1a\u4f59\u7231\u597d&#xff0c;\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u7edf\u6cbb\u5168\u7403\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a&#xff08;Android \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6b63\u662f Linux&#xff09;\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u6570\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5de8\u65e0\u9738&#xff0c;\u5176\u80cc\u666f\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e09\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5de8\u4eba\u7684\u80a9\u8180&#xff1a;\u5b83\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 UNIX \u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u601d\u60f3\u548c POSIX \u6807\u51c6&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u91cf\u539f\u6709\u7684 UNIX \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u96f6\u6210\u672c\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65f6\u673a\u4e0e\u5f00\u6e90&#xff1a;\u5b83\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u201cGNU\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u65e0\u5185\u6838\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5546\u4e1a UNIX \u6602\u8d35\u5c01\u95ed\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002GPL \u534f\u8bae\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u534f\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66&#xff1a;\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e GNU Hurd \u8ffd\u6c42\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e&#xff08;\u5fae\u5185\u6838\u67b6\u6784&#xff09;&#xff0c;Linus \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u52a1\u5b9e\u3001\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u6210\u679c\u7684\u5b8f\u5185\u6838&#xff08;Monolithic kernel&#xff09;\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u59cb\u7ec8\u575a\u6301\u201c\u80fd\u8dd1\u5c31\u884c\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u8fed\u4ee3\u201d\u7684\u9ed1\u5ba2\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7IT\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d&#xff0c;Linux \u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u201c\u6781\u5ba2\u73a9\u5177\u201d\u8715\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5e95\u5ea7\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e1a\u52a1\u3001\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e95\u5c42\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u65bd&#xff0c;\u90fd\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. Linux \u4f01\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\u73b0\u72b6<\/h3>\n<p>\u76ee\u524d&#xff0c;Linux \u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u786c\u4ef6\u5230\u4e0a\u5c42\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u73af\u8282&#xff0c;\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u73b0\u72b6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>1&#xff09; \u652f\u6491\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u5e95\u5c42\u4e1a\u52a1 \u5728\u91d1\u878d\u6838\u5fc3\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u5173\u7b49\u8981\u6c42\u6781\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u548c\u6781\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d&#xff0c;Linux \u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3 C&#043;&#043; \u6807\u51c6&#xff08;\u5982 C&#043;&#043;11 \u81f3 C&#043;&#043;20&#xff09;\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u69a8\u53d6\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u6781\u9650\u6027\u80fd&#xff0c;\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u6258 Linux \u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u6df1\u5165\u6316\u6398\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u677f\u5e93&#xff08;STL&#xff09;\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5bb9\u5668\u7279\u6027&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u6781\u5176\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2&#xff09; \u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u534f\u540c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd Linux \u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5927\u578b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u88c1\u526a\u540e\u7684 Linux \u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u8f66\u8f7d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u201cLinux \u4e0a\u4f4d\u673a &#043; \u5fae\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u4e0b\u4f4d\u673a\u201d\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002Linux \u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff0c;\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e32\u53e3\u3001SPI \u7b49\u603b\u7ebf\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u5fae\u63a7\u5236\u5668&#xff08;\u5982 STM32&#xff09;\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u534f\u540c&#xff0c;\u5f62\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u95ed\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3&#xff09; \u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u57fa\u77f3 \u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u7f51\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8def\u7531\u4ea4\u6362\u67b6\u6784&#xff0c;\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u591a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e Linux \u5185\u6838\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u3002\u5728\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u642d\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u65f6&#xff0c;Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e38\u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u6216\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668&#xff0c;\u627f\u8f7d\u7740\u6781\u5176\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u6e05\u6d17\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4&#xff09; \u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u627f\u8f7d\u8005 \u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u516c\u6709\u4e91\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546&#xff08;\u5982\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u3001\u817e\u8baf\u4e91&#xff09;\u8fd8\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u4e91&#xff0c;\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;\u5982 Kubernetes&#xff09;\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u57fa\u4e8e Linux\u3002\u6b64\u5916&#xff0c;\u5f53\u524d\u70ed\u95e8\u7684\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u7c7b AI \u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u7b97\u529b\u96c6\u7fa4&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5747\u662f\u5728 Linux \u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7 Linux \u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u672c<\/h3>\n<p>Linux \u5185\u6838\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6253\u5305&#xff0c;\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u201c\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u672c\u201d\u3002 \u4f01\u4e1a\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u548c\u751f\u6001\u4f53\u7cfb\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7248\u672c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260813001726-6a7d0d1672fda.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>1&#xff09; \u5546\u4e1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6d3e&#xff1a;\u7ea2\u5e3d\u751f\u6001 (Red Hat \u7cfb)<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u4f01\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9886\u57df\u5360\u6709\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7cfb\u5217&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u6781\u5ea6\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u8d85\u957f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u652f\u6301\u8457\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)&#xff1a;\u7531\u7ea2\u5e3d\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u4ed8\u8d39\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u7403\u9876\u7ea7\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u7535\u4fe1\u7b49\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n<li>CentOS \/ CentOS Stream&#xff1a;\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f RHEL \u6700\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u514d\u8d39\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u7248\u672c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u88ab\u7ea2\u5e3d\u5b98\u65b9\u8f6c\u578b\u4e3a CentOS Stream&#xff08;\u4f5c\u4e3a RHEL \u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7248&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Rocky Linux \/ AlmaLinux&#xff1a;\u7531\u4e8e CentOS \u7684\u8f6c\u578b&#xff0c;\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u4e3a\u4e86\u586b\u8865\u201c\u514d\u8d39\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u7a33\u5b9a\u7248\u201d\u7684\u7a7a\u767d&#xff0c;\u91cd\u65b0\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0e RHEL \u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2&#xff09; \u4e91\u539f\u751f\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u53cb\u597d\u6d3e&#xff1a;Debian \/ Ubuntu \u7cfb<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u5217\u4ee5\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u3001\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5bf9\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ubuntu Server&#xff1a;\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u516c\u6709\u4e91\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u3002\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u6781\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u751f\u6001&#xff0c;\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u73b0\u4ee3\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u3001\u5404\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u4eff\u771f\u5de5\u5177\u4ee5\u53ca\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u9002\u914d\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5404\u5927\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9996\u9009\u652f\u6301\u5e73\u53f0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Debian&#xff1a;Ubuntu \u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u6bcd\u4f53\u3002\u4ee5\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u575a\u5982\u78d0\u77f3\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8457\u79f0&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u975e\u5e38\u5e72\u51c0\u4e14\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u5c11&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u8001\u724c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u6781\u81f4\u7cbe\u7b80\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u975e\u5e38\u504f\u7231\u5b83\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3&#xff09; \u6b27\u6d32\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u9009&#xff1a;SUSE \u7cfb<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>SLES (SUSE Linux Enterprise Server)&#xff1a;\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5e02\u573a\u5360\u6709\u7387\u6781\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4e0e SAP \u7b49\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u89c4\u5212\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u6781\u5176\u7d27\u5bc6&#xff0c;\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u8de8\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u9996\u9009\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>4&#xff09; \u786c\u4ef6\u5b9a\u5236\u6d3e&#xff1a;\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h5>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u786c\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u677f\u8fdb\u884c\u5e95\u5c42\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff0c;\u4f01\u4e1a\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u76d8&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Yocto Project \/ Buildroot&#xff1a;\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u884c\u7248&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u201c\u7528\u6765\u5236\u9020\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u201d\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u51c6\u6311\u9009\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u4f53\u79ef\u6781\u5c0f\u3001\u4e13\u95e8\u9002\u914d\u7279\u5b9a\u786c\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5b9a\u5236\u5316 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4.\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;OS&#xff09; &#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260813001726-6a7d0d169292d.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86 Linux \u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\u73b0\u72b6\u540e&#xff0c;\u518d\u5f80\u4e0b\u6df1\u6316&#xff0c;\u56de\u5f52\u5230\u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;Operating System, OS&#xff09;\u201d\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bd4\u4f5c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5e9e\u5927\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5de5\u5382&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u5bb6\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u201c\u603b\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u517c\u201c\u5927\u7ba1\u5bb6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9 OS \u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u62c6\u89e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>1&#xff09; OS \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u5b83\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u7528\u6700\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u5408\u7406\u5bf9\u5404\u7c7b\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u5b83&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>1. \u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u89c6\u89d2&#xff08;Top-Down&#xff09;&#xff1a;OS \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9b54\u672f\u5e08\u201d&#xff08;\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u673a\u5668&#xff09; \u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u4e11\u964b\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5411\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5199\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u786c\u76d8\u78c1\u5934\u79fb\u52a8&#xff09;\u3002 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u63a5\u53e3&#xff08;\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528 API&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e11\u964b\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7ec6\u8282\u9690\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u770b\u6765&#xff0c;OS \u53d8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e72\u51c0\u3001\u6574\u6d01\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u201c\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5668\u201d\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528 write() \u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;OS \u5c31\u4f1a\u66ff\u4f60\u5b8c\u6210\u79fb\u52a8\u786c\u76d8\u78c1\u5934\u3001\u5199\u5165\u6247\u533a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u810f\u6d3b\u7d2f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. \u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u89c6\u89d2&#xff08;Bottom-Up&#xff09;&#xff1a;OS \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5927\u7ba1\u5bb6\u201d&#xff08;\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u5668&#xff09; \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u90e8\u6709 CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u786c\u76d8\u3001\u7f51\u5361\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u800c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u5982\u5fae\u4fe1\u3001\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3001\u6e38\u620f&#xff09;\u53c8\u5f88\u591a&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u4e89\u62a2\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u590d\u7528&#xff08;Multiplexing&#xff09;\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u7528&#xff1a;\u8ba9\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f6e\u6d41\u4f7f\u7528 CPU&#xff08;\u4f60\u611f\u89c9\u51e0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b9e\u662f OS \u5728\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\u5730\u6781\u901f\u5207\u6362&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u7528&#xff1a;\u628a\u5185\u5b58\u5212\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u533a\u57df&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2&#xff09; OS \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff1a;\u5b83\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6982\u62ec\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u627f\u4e0a\u542f\u4e0b\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u5904\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5c42\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u95f4&#xff0c;\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u5411\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u63a5\u53e3&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u67b6\u6784\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u6700\u5e95\u5c42&#xff1a;\u7eaf\u786c\u4ef6 (Hardware)\n<ul>\n<li>\u5305\u62ec CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u786c\u76d8\u3001\u7f51\u5361\u3001\u663e\u5361\u7b49\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u5c42&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838 (OS Kernel)\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd9\u662f OS \u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6838\u5fc3&#xff08;Linux \u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92&#xff0c;\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650&#xff08;\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e93\u4e0e Shell \u7b49\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5de5\u5177\n<ul>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u6838\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u548c\u786c\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528&#xff08;System Calls&#xff09; \u7b49\u53d7\u63a7\u63a5\u53e3\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u6838\u670d\u52a1\u3002POSIX \u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u63a5\u53e3\/\u884c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a API \u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3002Shell \u548c GUI \u5219\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u672c\u8eab\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u4e0a\u5c42&#xff1a;\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f (Applications)\n<ul>\n<li>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u4f60\u7684 C&#043;&#043; \u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a Python \u811a\u672c&#xff0c;\u90fd\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42&#xff08;\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6001&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56 OS \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u751f\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<h4>3&#xff09; OS \u7684\u56db\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u804c\u80fd&#xff08;\u7ba1\u7406\u804c\u8d23&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u7ba1\u5bb6&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5927\u677f\u5757&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>1. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u673a\u7ba1\u7406 (CPU \/ Process Management)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u51b3\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b64\u523b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 CPU&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4efb\u52a1&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1&#xff08;\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7b49&#xff09;\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6b7b\u9501\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;\u5982\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2. \u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406 (Memory Management)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5206\u914d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4efb\u52a1&#xff1a;\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u56de\u6536\u3002\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6280\u672f\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;Virtual Memory&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b83\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u62e5\u6709\u8fde\u7eed\u4e14\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5206\u9875\u673a\u5236\u201d\u5c06\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u6216\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u533a&#xff08;Swap&#xff09;\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406 (File System Management)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4efb\u52a1&#xff1a;\u5c06\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u5757&#xff0c;\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u201c\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784&#xff09;\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650&#xff08;\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f Linux \u4e0b rwx \u6743\u9650\u7684\u6765\u6e90&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>4. \u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e I\/O \u7ba1\u7406 (Device Management)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907&#xff08;\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u9f20\u6807\u3001\u6253\u5370\u673a\u3001\u7f51\u5361&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4efb\u52a1&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;Device Drivers&#xff09;\u201d&#xff0c;\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u5382\u5546\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u5c4f\u853d\u6389&#xff0c;\u5411\u4e0a\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u63a5\u53e3&#xff08;\u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\u53eb\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6\u201d&#xff0c;\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u6216\u4e00\u5757\u952e\u76d8&#xff0c;OS \u90fd\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5f53\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bfb\u5199&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4&#xff09; \u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u5199\u4e0b\u4e00\u6bb5 C&#043;&#043; \u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c06\u5176\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u673a\u5668\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u5b83\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u5c06\u673a\u5668\u7801\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u9700\u8981\u8bf7\u6c42\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u7ba1\u63a7\u5236\u6743&#xff0c;\u9a71\u52a8\u7f51\u5361\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u65e0\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u65f6&#xff08;\u5f88\u591a\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u3001\u8d8a\u754c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5411\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001 SIGSEGV\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 Segmentation Fault\u3002\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8d8a\u754c\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7acb\u523b\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5199\u51fa\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e95\u5c42\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0&#xff1a;\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4 Linux \u9996\u5148\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838&#xff1b;\u65e5\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u57fa\u4e8e Linux \u5185\u6838\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 \u5f00\u6e90\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5\u3001\u534f\u4f5c\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u6539\u8fdb&#xff0c;\u4f46\u201c\u5f00\u6e90\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e00\u5b9a\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u66f4\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fposix<\/h4>\n<p>POSIX&#xff08;Portable Operating System Interface&#xff0c;\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3&#xff09;\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u7531 IEEE \u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u51c6&#xff0c;\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u79fb\u690d&#xff1b;\u5b83\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5e38\u89c1\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u5e93\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c open\/read\/write\/close\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b fork\/exec\/wait\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b pthread\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u3002Linux\u3001macOS \u7b49\u90fd\u5927\u91cf\u9075\u5faa POSIX&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u6bb5\u6309\u7167 POSIX \u63a5\u53e3\u5199\u7684 C\/C&#043;&#043; \u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5728\u4e0d\u540c Unix-like \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c&#xff1b;POSIX \u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u54ea\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u600e\u4e48\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0&#xff1a;Linux\u4e0b\u57fa\u672c\u6307\u4ee4<\/h2>\n<p>\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u9000\u51fa\u4e0d\u4e86\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528 Ctrl &#043; C&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e2d\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u524d\u53f0\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>ls  \u6307\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3 (List Directory Contents)<\/h3>\n<p>\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff1a;ls [\u9009\u9879] [\u2f6c\u5f55\u6216\u2f42\u4ef6]&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u2f6c\u5f55&#xff0c;\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u51fa\u8be5\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u2f26\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0e\u2f42\u4ef6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u2f42\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u2f42\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a; \u5f88\u591a Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5e38\u89c1\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u70bc\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684 \u201cLinux \u6307\u4ee4\u5e38\u89c1\u516c\u5f0f\u201d&#xff1a;\u547d\u4ee4 [\u9009\u9879] [\u53c2\u6570\/\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61]\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u53c2\u6570\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u6240\u6709 Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u7531 POSIX \u5f3a\u5236\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u56fa\u5b9a\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff1b;\u5177\u4f53\u4ecd\u4ee5\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684 &#8211;help \u6216 man \u624b\u518c\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ls \u7684\u5168\u79f0\u662f \u201clist\u201d&#xff08;\u5217\u51fa&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002 \u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u4f60\u63a8\u5f00\u4e00\u95f4\u623f\u95e8&#xff08;\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7528\u773c\u775b\u626b\u89c6\u4e00\u4e0b\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5bb6\u5177&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165 ls \u5e76\u56de\u8f66&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a; \u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u79f0\u5e73\u94fa\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c5e\u6027&#xff08;\u5982\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u5fc5\u5907\u53c2\u6570 (Options)<\/h4>\n<p>ls \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5927&#xff0c;\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6781\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u67e5\u770b\u9700\u6c42\u3002Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u77ed\u6a2a\u7ebf &#8211; \u5f00\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>-a (\u5168\u90e8&#xff0c;All)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a; \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ec6\u8282&#xff1a; \u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u4ee5 .&#xff08;\u82f1\u6587\u53e5\u53f7&#xff09;\u5f00\u5934\u7684&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u628a\u5b83\u9690\u85cf\u8d77\u6765&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 .bashrc \u6216 .config&#xff09;\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 ls -a \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u65e0\u6240\u9041\u5f62\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>-l (\u957f\u683c\u5f0f&#xff0c;Long format) \u2014\u2014 \u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981<\/h5>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;ll \u901a\u5e38\u662f Shell \u4e2d\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u522b\u540d&#xff08;alias&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u73af\u5883\u4f1a\u628a\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210 ls -l \u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684 ls \u7ec4\u5408&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f Linux \u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u884c\u7248\/\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u53ef\u7528 type ll \u6216 alias ll \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a; \u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u62c6\u89e3&#xff1a; \u5f53\u4f60\u8f93\u5165 ls -l \u540e&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a; drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4\u6708 14 18:00 test_folder<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u4f9d\u6b21\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u6743\u9650 (drwxr-xr-x)&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4ee3\u8868\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a;d \u662f\u76ee\u5f55(directory)&#xff0c;- \u662f\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;l \u662f\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5(\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540e9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u4e09\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u9650&#xff1a;\u5c5e\u4e3b\u7684\u6743\u9650(rwx \u53ef\u8bfb\u53ef\u5199\u53ef\u6267\u884c)\u3001\u6240\u5728\u7ec4\u7684\u6743\u9650(r-x \u53ef\u8bfb\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5199)\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u9650(r-x)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6570 (2)&#xff1a;\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u8005 (root)&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4 (root)&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f (4096)&#xff1a;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u5b57\u8282 (Bytes)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4 (4\u6708 14 18:00)&#xff1a;\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u540d (test_folder)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>-h (\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u9605\u8bfb&#xff0c;Human-readable)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a; \u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u61c2\u7684\u5355\u4f4d&#xff08;\u5982 K, M, G&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u957f\u4e32\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a; -h \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u628a\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u66f4\u6613\u8bfb\u7684\u5355\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u548c -l \u642d\u914d\u6210 ls -lh&#xff1b;\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u201c\u53ea\u80fd\u548c -l \u4e00\u8d77\u7528\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>-t (\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f&#xff0c;Time)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a; \u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f&#xff08;\u6700\u65b0\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6392\u5728\u6700\u524d\u9762&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u6392\u67e5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>-r (\u53cd\u8f6c&#xff0c;Reverse)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a; \u5c06\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u53cd\u8f6c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 ls -tr \u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u6700\u65b0\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6392\u5728\u6700\u540e\u9762&#xff08;\u6b63\u597d\u5728\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0a\u65b9&#xff0c;\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u5230&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>-R (\u9012\u5f52&#xff0c;Recursive)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a; \u4e0d\u4ec5\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u4f1a\u628a\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5168\u90e8\u5c55\u5f00\u5217\u51fa\u6765&#xff08;\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u68f5\u5012\u6302\u7684\u6811&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u5f88\u6df1&#xff0c;\u614e\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>-d<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a; \u5c06\u2f6c\u5f55\u50cf\u2f42\u4ef6\u2f00\u6837\u663e\u2f70&#xff0c;\u2f7d\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u2f70\u5176\u4e0b\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6\u3002\u5982&#xff1a;ls\u2012d\u6307\u5b9a\u2f6c\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9ec4\u91d1\u7ec4\u5408\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>Linux \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u52a0\u6a2a\u7ebf\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u6572\u7684\u7ec4\u5408&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ls -la\n<ul>\n<li>\u542b\u4e49&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u542b\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>ls -lh\n<ul>\n<li>\u542b\u4e49&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c5e\u6027&#xff0c;\u4e14\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5KB\/MB\/GB\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>ls -lrt\n<ul>\n<li>\u542b\u4e49&#xff1a; \u6309\u7167\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u961f&#xff0c;\u6700\u65b0\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u653e\u5728\u6700\u4e0b\u9762&#xff08;\u6781\u5176\u9002\u5408\u67e5\u770b\u521a\u521a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u62a5\u9519\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. \u5e95\u5c42 OS \u6982\u5ff5\u5c0f\u6269\u5c55<\/h4>\n<p>\u7ed3\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u8bb2\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff1a;\u5f53\u4f60\u6572\u4e0b ls \u65f6&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f; \u5728 Linux \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u8fd0\u884c ls \u65f6&#xff0c;\u5185\u6838\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757&#xff0c;\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5217\u8868\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 inode&#xff08;\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5b58\u653e\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;xshell\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h3>\n<p>1.\u4f1a\u8bdd&#xff1a; \u5148\u5de6\u8fb9\u56fe\u6807\u65b0\u5efa\u518d\u53f3\u8fb9\u56fe\u6807\u8fde\u63a5 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260813001726-6a7d0d16ad1a8.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>2.\u547d\u4ee4\u884c&#xff1a; xshell\u7ec8\u7aef\u754c\u9762\u8f93\u5165&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span>   \u7528\u6237\u540d&#xff08;root\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684&#xff09;&#064;\u516c\u7f51ip<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u53c2\u6570\u5408\u5e76<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u4e2a\u77ed\u6a2a\u7ebf&#xff08;-&#xff09;\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u77ed\u9009\u9879&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u5199\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a &#8211; \u540e\u9762\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u5408\u5e76\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u5f71\u54cd\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;\u8981\u770b\u5177\u4f53\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u6982\u62ec\u6210\u201c\u6240\u6709\u77ed\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u80fd\u968f\u4fbf\u5408\u5e76&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e14\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u987a\u5e8f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u8d77<\/h4>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5141\u8bb8\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u77ed\u9009\u9879&#xff0c;\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u6572\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u6a2a\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5206\u5f00\u5199&#xff1a;ls -l -a -h -t<\/li>\n<li>\u5408\u5e76\u5199&#xff1a;ls -laht &#xff08;\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6700\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u6700\u5077\u61d2\u7684\u6572\u6cd5&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8fd9\u91cc ls \u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f00\u5173\u578b\u9009\u9879\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u4e24\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u9009\u9879&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u7531 ls \u7a0b\u5e8f\u89e3\u6790\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f Linux \u5185\u6838\u5728\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u987a\u5e8f\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981<\/h4>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u50cf ls \u8fd9\u6837&#xff0c;\u53c2\u6570\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8d77\u5230\u201c\u5f00\u5173\u201d\u4f5c\u7528&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u5f00\u542f\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\u663e\u793a\u3001\u5f00\u542f\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u8868\u8f93\u51fa&#xff09;\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u53c2\u6570\u6392\u5217\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ls -laht<\/li>\n<li>ls -thal<\/li>\n<li>ls -halt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8fd9\u91cc\u5217\u51fa\u7684 ls \u5f00\u5173\u578b\u9009\u9879\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u9009\u9879\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u636e\u6b64\u63a8\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u90fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u26a0\ufe0f 3. \u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u60c5\u51b5&#xff08;\u5e26\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6781\u5176\u5bb9\u6613\u62a5\u9519\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u9009\u9879\u672c\u8eab\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u503c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u540d\u79f0\u201d&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6790\u540e\u7eed\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6b67\u4e49&#xff0c;\u6700\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u9879\u5355\u72ec\u5199&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u652f\u6301\u7ec4\u5408\u5199\u6cd5\u65f6\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u7ec4\u5408\u9009\u9879\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u5b89\u5168\u5199\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u7531\u8bed\u6cd5\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u5e26\u503c\u9009\u9879\u5fc5\u987b\u6c38\u8fdc\u653e\u6700\u540e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5f52\u6863\u538b\u7f29\u547d\u4ee4 tar&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-c&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5f52\u6863<\/li>\n<li>-z&#xff1a;\u8c03\u7528 gzip \u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29<\/li>\n<li>-v&#xff1a;\u7ec8\u7aef\u663e\u793a\u6253\u5305\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>-f&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0&#xff08;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u540e\u9762&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u523b\u63a5\u4e0a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff01;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a; tar -czvf my_project.tar.gz .\/test_folder \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc&#xff0c;f \u88ab\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e32\u7684\u6700\u540e&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5c06\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\u7684 my_project.tar.gz \u51c6\u786e\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a; tar -cvfz my_project.tar.gz .\/test_folder \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u968f\u4fbf\u6253\u4e71\u987a\u5e8f\u628a f \u653e\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u95f4&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f60\u60f3\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5305\u5e76\u547d\u540d\u4e3a z&#xff0c;\u968f\u540e\u9762\u5bf9 my_project.tar.gz \u8fd9\u4e2a\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62a5\u51fa\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;\u957f\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u77ed\u9009\u9879\u90a3\u6837\u62fc\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e32<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f60\u5076\u5c14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4ee5\u53cc\u77ed\u6a2a\u7ebf&#xff08;&#8211;&#xff09;\u5f00\u5934&#xff0c;\u7531\u5b8c\u6574\u82f1\u6587\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u957f\u9009\u9879\u201d&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982 ls &#8211;color&#061;auto \u6216 ls &#8211;help&#xff09;\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u957f\u53c2\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u5199\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u540d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf -lah \u90a3\u6837\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u957f\u9009\u9879\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e32\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u957f\u9009\u9879\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528 &#8211;\u9009\u9879&#061;\u503c \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4f46\u90a3\u662f\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4f20\u503c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u957f\u9009\u9879\u5408\u5e76\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;Linux\u4e0b\u76ee\u5f55\/\u6587\u4ef6\/\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u201d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u53eb\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u800c \u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u5219\u662f\u7528\u6765\u88c5\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u4f46\u5728 Linux \u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u754c\u9650\u53c8\u6bd4 Windows \u4e2d\u8981\u6a21\u7cca\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6587\u4ef6\u5939 (Folder) vs \u76ee\u5f55 (Directory)<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4fe9\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u5939 (Folder)&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728 \u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762&#xff08;GUI&#xff09; \u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u53eb\u6cd5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 Windows \u6216 macOS \u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e2a\u9ec4\u8272\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cc\u51fb\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u56fe\u6807&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u53eb\u5b83\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76ee\u5f55 (Directory)&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728 \u547d\u4ee4\u884c&#xff08;CLI&#xff09; \u6216\u5e95\u5c42\u6280\u672f\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5728 Linux \u7ec8\u7aef\u6572\u51fb\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u5982 cd\u3001mkdir\u3001ls&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u8ddf\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4ea4\u6d41&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u770b\u6280\u672f\u6587\u6863&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u5728\u8ddf\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u89e3\u91ca&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u201d\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u61c2\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u76ee\u5f55 (Directory) vs \u6587\u4ef6 (File)<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5f88\u660e\u663e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6 (File)&#xff1a;\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5 C&#043;&#043; \u4ee3\u7801&#xff08;.cpp&#xff09;\u3001\u4e00\u5f20\u7167\u7247&#xff08;.jpg&#xff09;\u3001\u4e00\u6bb5\u6587\u672c&#xff08;.txt&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e&#xff09;\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5305\u542b\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76ee\u5f55 (Directory)&#xff1a;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5b58\u50a8\u50cf\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u7167\u7247\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u201c\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u653e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>&#x1f4a1; Linux \u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u54f2\u5b66&#xff1a;\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6\u201d (Everything is a file)<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f Linux \u4e0e Windows \u6700\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e4b\u4e00&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u548c\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u5177\u6709 inode\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027&#xff1b;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u201c\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6 (Regular File)&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u666e\u901a\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6 (Directory File)&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u5199\u7684\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5b58\u50a8\u5730\u5740&#xff08;inode&#xff09;\u201d\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u3002&#xff08;\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9&#xff09;\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5b58\u653e\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9&#xff09;\u662f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784&#xff09;\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f53\u4f60\u6267\u884c ls \u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u91cc\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3.\u6587\u4ef6&#061;\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#043;\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n<h5>1&#xff09; \u201c\u6587\u4ef6 &#061; \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 &#043; \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u5e95\u5c42&#xff08;\u5982 ext4 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u5288\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u534a\u5b58\u50a8&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027&#xff08;Metadata \/ \u5143\u6570\u636e&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6838\u5fc3\u5143\u6570\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728 inode&#xff08;\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9&#xff09; \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650&#xff08;rwx&#xff09;\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7d22\u5f15\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u652f\u6301\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4 \/ birth time\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709 Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002inode \u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4fdd\u5b58\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e1a\u52a1\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;Data&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u7269\u7406\u786c\u76d8\u7684 Block&#xff08;\u6570\u636e\u5757&#xff09; \u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u5b58\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u753b\u9762&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2&#xff09; \u201cls \u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u201d<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f53\u4f60\u6572\u4e0b ls -l \u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5728 \u201c\u67e5\u6237\u53e3\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027&#xff08;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f inode &#xff09; \u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u628a\u5c5e\u6027\u6253\u5370\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002ls \u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\u5199\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff0c;\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e2a GB \u7684\u7535\u5f71\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;ls \u77ac\u95f4\u5c31\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6572\u4e0b cat main.cpp&#xff08;\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u4f1a\u6839\u636e inode \u7684\u6307\u5f15&#xff0c;\u53bb\u786c\u76d8\u7684 Block \u91cc\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u884c\u884c\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3&#xff09; \u201c\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c5e\u6027\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u201c\u5185\u5bb9\u7a7a\u201d\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u96f6&#xff01;\u201d<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c5e\u6027\u7edd\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u521a\u521a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u201c\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u201d&#xff0c;\u4f9d\u7136\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 inode\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6709\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 drwxr-xr-x&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u5bb9\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528 ls -la \u53bb\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u91cc\u9762\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u9690\u85cf\u9879&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>. &#xff08;\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6620\u5c04&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>.. &#xff08;\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6620\u5c04&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09; \u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7528 touch \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;ls -l \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u662f 0 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;ls -la \u4e5f\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u9690\u85cf\u7684 . \u548c \u2026 \u5728\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u662f\u7a7a\u7684&#xff0c;\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u96f6\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u5c5e\u6027\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u7a7a&#xff1b;\u4f46\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u96f6&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u76ee\u5f55\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u201c\u9690\u85cf\u81ea\u8eab\u6620\u5c04\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u51b7\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff1a; \u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u201d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u4e3a 4096 \u5b57\u8282&#xff08;4KB&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f 0 \u5b57\u8282\u3002 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u56e0\u4e3a\u54ea\u6015\u5b83\u91cc\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u653e\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u76ee\u5f55\u9879\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8fd8\u5305\u542b . \u548c .. \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u76ee\u5f55\u9879\u3002\u5728\u5e38\u89c1 ext \u7cfb\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f\u663e\u793a\u4e3a 4096 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u7531\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f Linux \u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u6b63\u597d\u5360 4KB\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u533a\u5206\u5b83\u4eec&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6572\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u5462&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684 ls -l&#xff08;\u6216\u8005 ll&#xff09;\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>mounanlin&#064;ubuntu:~$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-l<\/span><br \/>\ndrwxr-xr-x <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span> mounanlin root <span class=\"token number\">4096<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span>\u6708 <span class=\"token number\">14<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">18<\/span>:00 test_project<br \/>\n-rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> mounanlin root  <span class=\"token number\">128<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span>\u6708 <span class=\"token number\">14<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">18<\/span>:05 main.cpp<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u770b\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u662f d (directory)&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 test_project&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u662f -&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 main.cpp&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u662f l&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\/\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc&#xff0c;\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684&#xff0c;Linux \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u5230\u5e95\u626e\u6f14\u4ec0\u4e48\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u4e0e Windows \u4e0a\u5f88\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u4e60\u60ef\u4f9d\u8d56\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;Linux \u5185\u6838\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5355\u9760\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\u51b3\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f46\u540e\u7f00\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u547d\u540d\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8bc6\u522b\u610f\u4e49&#xff1b;Linux \u7684 file \u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u5e7b\u6570\u201d Magic Number \u7b49\u89c4\u5219&#xff09;\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5176\u771f\u5b9e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u201c\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u201d&#xff0c;Linux \u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u652f\u6491\u8d77\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 ls -l&#xff08;\u6216 ll&#xff09;\u3002\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6700\u5de6\u4fa7&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>drwxr-xr-x  <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span> user user <span class=\"token number\">4096<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span>\u6708 <span class=\"token number\">14<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">18<\/span>:00 test_dir<br \/>\n-rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;  <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> user user  <span class=\"token number\">128<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span>\u6708 <span class=\"token number\">14<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">18<\/span>:05 main.cpp<br \/>\nl rwxrwxrwx  <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> user user    <span class=\"token number\">7<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span>\u6708 <span class=\"token number\">14<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">18<\/span>:10 link_to_file &#8211;<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> main.cpp<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e03\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 Linux \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e03\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u8bc6\u522b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>1. \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6 (Regular File) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;-<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63cf\u8ff0&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7eaf\u6587\u672c&#xff08;\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u914d\u7f6e&#xff09;\u3001\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u6216\u89c6\u9891\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7269\u7406\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u5360\u636e\u6570\u636e\u5757&#xff08;Blocks&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b58\u50a8\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2. \u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6 (Directory File) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;d<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63cf\u8ff0&#xff1a;\u5373\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e95\u5c42\u771f\u76f8&#xff1a;\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u804a&#xff0c;\u76ee\u5f55\u5728 Linux \u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d &#043; Inode \u53f7\u201d\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3. \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5 (Symbolic Link) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;l<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63cf\u8ff0&#xff1a;\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u201c\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e95\u5c42\u771f\u76f8&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6307\u5411\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>4. \u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6 (Character Device) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;c<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63cf\u8ff0&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868\u80fd\u591f\u50cf\u5b57\u7b26\u6d41\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u9f20\u6807\u3001\u4e32\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f4d\u5904\u7406\u7684&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \/dev \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u770b\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u6b64\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982 \/dev\/tty&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>5. \u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6 (Block Device) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;b<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63cf\u8ff0&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u786c\u76d8\u3001U \u76d8\u3001\u5149\u9a71\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u5757\u201d&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u662f 512 \u6216 4096 \u5b57\u8282&#xff09;\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u5728 \/dev \u4e0b\u770b\u5230\u7684 \/dev\/sda \u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>6. \u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6 (FIFO \/ Pipe) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;p<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63cf\u8ff0&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1&#xff08;IPC&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\u5b83\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u6839\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ece\u4e00\u5934\u5f80\u91cc\u5199\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u5934\u8bfb\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u7684&#xff08;First In First Out&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>7. \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6 (Socket) \u2014\u2014 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff1a;s<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63cf\u8ff0&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u8de8\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#xff08;\u5982 MySQL&#xff09;\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a .sock \u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u672c\u5730\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u5feb\u901f\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8d70\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u9636\u5c0f\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff1a;file [\u9009\u9879] \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u6307\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p>Linux \u7ec8\u7aef \/ Shell \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\u53f7\u662f #<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260813001726-6a7d0d16b6ba4.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/>\u547d\u4ee4\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n<p>&#096;<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0&#xff0c;\u5373\u4fbf\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u662f\u201c\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;-&#xff09;\u201d&#xff0c;\u4f60\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u6587\u672c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 file \u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">file<\/span> main.cpp   <span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa: C&#043;&#043; source, ASCII text<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">file<\/span> \/bin\/ls    <span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object (\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f)<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>1. -b (Brief) \u2014\u2014 \u53ea\u8981\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u5e9f\u8bdd<\/h5>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38 file \u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa \u6587\u4ef6\u540d: \u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u5199\u811a\u672c&#xff0c;\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5e72\u6270\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;test.c: C source, ASCII text<\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u4e0a -b&#xff1a;C source, ASCII text<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u76f4\u89c2\u7406\u89e3&#xff1a;\u5c31\u50cf\u95ee\u201c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u8863\u670d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6599\u5b50&#xff1f;\u201d&#xff0c;-b \u8ba9\u4e13\u5bb6\u7701\u53bb\u201c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u8863\u670d\u662f\u2026\u201d\u7684\u524d\u7f00&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf4\u201c\u7eaf\u68c9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2. -i (Mime) \u2014\u2014 \u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u201c\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0&#xff08;\u5982 UTF-8 Unicode text&#xff09;\u662f\u7ed9\u4eba\u770b\u7684&#xff0c;\u800c -i \u8f93\u51fa\u7684 MIME \u683c\u5f0f&#xff08;\u5982 text\/plain&#xff09;\u662f\u7ed9\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff09;\u770b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;text\/x-c&#043;&#043;; charset&#061;utf-8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u76f4\u89c2\u7406\u89e3&#xff1a;\u666e\u901a\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u201d&#xff0c;-i \u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u62a4\u7167\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>3. -L (Link) \u2014\u2014 \u522b\u770b\u201c\u8def\u724c\u201d&#xff0c;\u770b\u201c\u7ec8\u70b9\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>Linux \u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u53eb\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;file \u53ea\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4&#xff1a;file my_link -&gt; \u7ed3\u679c\u662f symbolic link to \/usr\/bin\/python3<\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u4e0a -L&#xff1a;file -L my_link -&gt; \u7ed3\u679c\u662f ELF 64-bit LSB executable&#8230;&#xff08;\u76f4\u63a5\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u94fe\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u76f4\u89c2\u7406\u89e3&#xff1a;\u8def\u724c\u4e0a\u5199\u7740\u201c\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u201d&#xff0c;-L \u662f\u8ba9\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u77ac\u79fb\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u770b\u770b\u90a3\u513f\u5230\u5e95\u957f\u5565\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>4. -f (File) \u2014\u2014 \u7167\u7740\u201c\u6e05\u5355\u201d\u67e5<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709 100 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8981\u67e5&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6572\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u592a\u7d2f\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9 100 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5199\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a list.txt \u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;file -f list.txt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u76f4\u89c2\u7406\u89e3&#xff1a;\u5c31\u50cf\u70b9\u540d\u518c&#xff0c;\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bf9\u7167\u540d\u5b57\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fa8\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>5. -z (Zip) \u2014\u2014 \u9694\u7740\u201c\u7bb1\u5b50\u201d\u770b\u8d27<\/h5>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38 file \u770b\u5230 .gz \u6216 .zip \u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u4f1a\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u201d\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a -z \u540e&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u94bb\u8fdb\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u770b\u91cc\u9762\u88c5\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;file -z archive.tar.gz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u76f4\u89c2\u7406\u89e3&#xff1a;\u50cf X \u5149\u673a&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u62c6\u5feb\u9012\u7bb1\u4e5f\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u91cc\u9762\u88c5\u7684\u662f\u4e66\u8fd8\u662f\u6c34\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u8fd9\u4e48\u51c6&#xff1f; file \u6307\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u636e libmagic \u7684 magic \u89c4\u5219\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u8f7d\u672c\u5730\u89c4\u5219&#xff1b;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u56fa\u5b9a\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d6 \/etc\/magic \u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;Linux\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 Linux \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u767b\u5f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 \u201c\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u201d (Home Directory) \u5f00\u59cb&#xff1b;\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u4f46\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c Shell \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u6210\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u5f55\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u684c\u9762\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u8bf4 ls \u662f\u4f60\u7684\u773c\u775b&#xff0c;cd \u662f\u4f60\u7684\u53cc\u817f&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48 \u201c\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;Path&#xff09;\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e Windows \u6709\u7740\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u662f\u544a\u522b\u65b0\u624b\u6751\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u5065\u6b65\u5982\u98de\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e00\u3001 \u4e00\u68f5\u5012\u6302\u7684\u6811&#xff1a;Linux \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728 Windows \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f60\u6709 C\u76d8\u3001D\u76d8\u3001E\u76d8&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76d8\u7b26\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u68f5\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6811\u3002 \u4f46\u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u68f5\u201c\u5012\u6302\u7684\u5de8\u6811\u201d\u6784\u6210\u7684&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u76d8\u7b26\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260813001726-6a7d0d16c3022.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u4e00\u68f5\u591a\u53c9\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u5f55\u9879&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u4e0b\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1b;\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3001\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u7b49\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9&#xff0c;\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/ (Root)&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u662f\u6574\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u8d77\u70b9&#xff0c;\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u8001\u7956\u5b97\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u80fd\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a \/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u90fd\u50cf\u6811\u679d\u548c\u6811\u53f6\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u5411\u4e0b\u8513\u5ef6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 \/home\u3001\/etc\u3001\/var \u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6302\u5728\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u7c97\u6811\u679d\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a; \u5728 Linux \u8fd9\u68f5\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8ff7\u8def&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u201c\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u201d\u91cc\u5199\u6b7b\u4e24\u6761\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff1a; .&#xff08;\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5b83\u7684\u5e95\u5c42&#xff08;inode&#xff09;\u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u6267\u884c .\/\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u5750\u6807\u8d77\u6b65\u3002 ..&#xff08;\u7236\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5b83\u7684\u5e95\u5c42&#xff08;inode&#xff09;\u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u91cc\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff0c;\u4f60\u6572\u4e0b cd \u2026 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u628a\u4f60\u5f80\u54ea\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5730\u5740\u4f20\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a; Linux \u7684\u5404\u76ee\u5f55\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260813001727-6a7d0d17186a8.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260813001727-6a7d0d17ac85f.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Linux \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u521d\u770b\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u56e2\u4e71\u7801&#xff08;\u5168\u662f bin\u3001var\u3001etc \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u7f29\u5199&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b83\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u4e00\u5957\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u2014\u2014FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u6807\u51c6)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4f60\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8bb0\u4f4f&#xff0c;\u6211\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u6309\u529f\u80fd\u5c5e\u6027\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u51e0\u5927\u95e8\u6d3e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u6307\u6325\u90e8&#xff08;\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u5e93&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u6784\u6210\u4e86 Linux \u80fd\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u9aa8\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\/bin (Binaries)&#xff1a;\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u5b58\u653e\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982 ls\u3001cp\u3001cat \u7b49\u3002cd \u662f Shell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f \/bin\/cd \u8fd9\u79cd\u666e\u901a\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u73b0\u4ee3\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u91c7\u7528 usr-merge&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6 \/bin \u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u94fe\u63a5\u5230 \/usr\/bin\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/sbin (System Binaries)&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e \u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&#xff08;root&#xff09; \u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 fdisk&#xff08;\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a&#xff09;\u3001ifconfig&#xff08;\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc&#xff09;\u3001reboot&#xff08;\u91cd\u542f&#xff09;\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684 bin \u662f\u7ed9\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u7528\u7684&#xff0c;sbin \u662f\u7ed9\u7687\u4e0a\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/lib \u548c \/lib64 (Libraries)&#xff1a;\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u7684\u5bb6\u3002\u5b58\u653e\u7740 \/bin \u548c \/sbin \u4e2d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5171\u4eab\u5e93&#xff08;\u5982 libc.so&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u3002\/lib64 \u4e13\u95e8\u653e 64 \u4f4d\u7684\u5e93\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2. \u795e\u7ecf\u4e2d\u67a2&#xff08;\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u542f\u52a8&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\/etc (Etcetera)&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u672c\u8425&#xff0c;\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9*\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\/etc\/passwd&#xff09;\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/boot&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5305\u62ec Linux \u7684\u5185\u6838\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;vmlinuz&#xff09;\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u5982 GRUB&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5220\u4e86&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u6b21\u91cd\u542f\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8d77\u4e0d\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3. \u79c1\u4eba\u9886\u5730&#xff08;\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\/home&#xff1a;\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5e38\u89c1\u5b58\u653e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u65b0\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb whb \u7684\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u662f \/home\/whb\u3002\u4f60\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5199\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982 .bashrc&#xff09;\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u80fd\u5426\u8bfb\u53d6\u5f7c\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u76ee\u5f55\/\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u3001ACL \u7b49\u89c4\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/root&#xff1a;\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&#xff08;root&#xff09;\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002 \u5b83\u4e0d\u5728 \/home \u4e0b\u9762&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u5728\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5f70\u663e\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>4. \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u7f6e\u533a&#xff08;\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\/usr (Unix System Resources)&#xff1a;\u6700\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Windows \u7684 C:\\\\Program Files\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4f60\u7528 apt \u6216 yum \u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f1a\u88c5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u91cc\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1a;\/usr\/bin&#xff08;\u666e\u901a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3001\/usr\/lib&#xff08;\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e93&#xff09;\u3001\/usr\/local&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u624b\u52a8\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\/opt (Optional)&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5546\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u7840\u73af\u5883\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684 JDK \u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>5. \u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6d41&#xff08;\u968f\u65f6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\/var (Variable)&#xff1a;\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49&#xff0c;\u4e13\u95e8\u653e\u5927\u5c0f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\/var\/log&#xff09;\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/tmp (Temporary)&#xff1a;\u4e34\u65f6\u5783\u573e\u6876\u3002\u5b58\u653e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u540e&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u7a7a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>6. \u5916\u8bbe\u8fde\u63a5\u7ad9&#xff08;\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6302\u8f7d&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\/dev (Devices)&#xff1a;Linux \u201c\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6\u201d \u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u4f53\u73b0\u3002 \u4f60\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u3001\u9f20\u6807\u3001\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u6253\u5370\u673a&#xff0c;\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 \/dev\/sda \u4ee3\u8868\u7b2c\u4e00\u5757\u786c\u76d8&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/mnt (Mount)&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6765\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u5916\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u60f3\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u5757\u65b0\u786c\u76d8&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/media&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u63d2\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a U \u76d8&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u628a\u5b83\u6302\u8f7d\u5230 \/media\/usb \u4e0b&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>7. \u865a\u62df\u5012\u5f71&#xff08;\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4fe9\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u662f\u5185\u6838\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u6295\u5f71&#xff01;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\/proc (Processes)&#xff1a;\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57&#xff08;PID&#xff09;\u547d\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/sys (System)&#xff1a;\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e \/proc&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u67b6\u6784&#xff0c;\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3 Linux \u5185\u6838\u7ba1\u7406\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4e8c\u3001 \u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 vs \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u5f84\u6807\u8bc6\u6587\u4ef6\u552f\u4e00\u6027&#xff0c;\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>1. \u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 (Absolute Path) \u2014\u2014 \u7ed9\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684GPS\u5750\u6807<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u6c38\u8fdc\u4ee5\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u5f00\u5934\u3002\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u6574\u68f5\u6811\u91cc\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u8eab\u5904\u54ea\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u90fd\u80fd\u7cbe\u51c6\u65e0\u8bef\u5730\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u800c\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\/home\/mounanlin\/blog\/index.html &#xff08;\u4ece\u6839\u51fa\u53d1&#xff0c;\u5148\u627e home&#xff0c;\u518d\u627e mounanlin&#xff0c;\u518d\u627e blog\u2026&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5f53\u524d\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u90fd\u80fd\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> \/etc\/passwd               <span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> \/home\/username\/Documents   <span class=\"token comment\"># \u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6587\u6863\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span> \/usr\/local\/bin             <span class=\"token comment\"># \u5207\u6362\u5230\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><br \/>\n\/usr\/bin\/python3 script.py    <span class=\"token comment\"># \u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u6267\u884c Python<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>2. \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 (Relative Path) \u2014\u2014 \u4ee5\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u8def\u724c&#xff0c;\u968f\u65f6\u968f\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5 \/ \u5f00\u5934\u3002\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\u6572\u8d77\u6765\u7701\u4e8b\u3001\u7b80\u77ed&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6781\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6240\u5904\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff08;pwd \u7684\u7ed3\u679c&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d8\u4e86&#xff0c;\u540c\u6837\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u7ad9\u5728 \/home\/mounanlin \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f60\u60f3\u8fdb\u5165\u91cc\u9762\u7684 blog \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;cd blog (\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u540d\u5b57&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u627e)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>(\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5199\u6cd5\u662f cd \/home\/mounanlin\/blog&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u5f88\u5570\u55e6\u4e86)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1.\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807&#xff1b;\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5219\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6&#xff0c;\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6539\u53d8\u540e&#xff0c;\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\u3002 2.\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6267\u884c\u90fd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff1b;\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01&#xff0c;\u9002\u5408\u56f4\u7ed5\u5f53\u524d\u9879\u76ee\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7edf\u4e00\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u201d\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5f53\u524d\u5728 \/home\/zhang<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> Documents              <span class=\"token comment\"># \u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \/home\/zhang\/Documents<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span> Downloads              <span class=\"token comment\"># \u8fdb\u5165 \/home\/zhang\/Downloads<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>\/.bashrc            <span class=\"token comment\"># \u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55 (\/home) \u4e0b\u7684 .bashrc<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>\/zhang\/Desktop       <span class=\"token comment\"># \u5148\u56de\u5230 \/home&#xff0c;\u518d\u8fdb zhang\/Desktop<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> .\/Pictures             <span class=\"token comment\"># \u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u660e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 Pictures<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u4e09\u3001 \u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684 4 \u4e2a\u201c\u9b54\u6cd5\u7b26\u53f7\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u914d\u5408\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;Linux \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>. &#xff08;\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u53e5\u53f7&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u5f53\u4f60\u60f3\u8fd0\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u7684\u811a\u672c test.sh \u65f6&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165 test.sh \u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7684&#xff08;\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u544a\u8bc9\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u5c31\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u627e\u201d&#xff0c;\u5199\u6210 .\/test.sh\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>.. &#xff08;\u4e24\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u53e5\u53f7&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u7236\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5728 \/home\/mounanlin\/blog&#xff0c;\u6572 cd .. \u5c31\u4f1a\u9000\u56de\u5230 \/home\/mounanlin\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>~ &#xff08;\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u91cc&#xff0c;cd ~ \u90fd\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e \/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d&#xff0c;\u4f46 root \u901a\u5e38\u662f \/root&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e14\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5 ~ \u4e0d\u5e94\u673a\u68b0\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684 \/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; &#xff08;\u77ed\u6a2a\u7ebf&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u6df1\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u6a2a\u8df3\u65f6&#xff0c;cd &#8211; \u662f\u795e\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u624d\u804a\u5230\u4e86 Linux \u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u662f\u4e00\u68f5\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u201c\u5355\u6839\u6811\u201d&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u68f5\u6811\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5730\u6807\u2014\u2014\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u638c\u63e1 Linux \u7a7a\u95f4\u611f\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u521d\u5b66 Linux \u65f6\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u641e\u6df7&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u8bed\u5883\u91cc&#xff0c;\u201c\u6839\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5bb6\u201d\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u90fd\u50cf\u662f\u201c\u5927\u672c\u8425\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u6709\u7740\u5929\u58e4\u4e4b\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 \u201c\u4e00\u680b\u5355\u8eab\u516c\u5bd3\u5927\u697c\u201d \u6765\u505a\u7c7b\u6bd4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6839\u76ee\u5f55 (Root Directory)&#xff1a;\/<\/h4>\n<p>\u2014\u2014 \u6574\u680b\u516c\u5bd3\u5927\u697c\u7684\u5730\u57fa\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u533a\u57df<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b26\u53f7\u4ee3\u8868&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6b63\u659c\u6760 \/\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7edd\u5bf9\u8d77\u70b9&#xff1a;\u5b83\u662f\u6574\u4e2a Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u9876\u7aef\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u68f5\u5927\u6811\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5916\u63a5\u786c\u76d8\u548c U \u76d8&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u6302\u8f7d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a \/ \u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u4e0a\u9762&#xff0c;\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u697c\u7c7b\u6bd4&#xff1a;\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5927\u697c\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u5927\u5802\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u3001\u7535\u68af\u4e95\u548c\u8d70\u5eca\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\/bin&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u80fd\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 ls, cp&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/etc&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5927\u697c\u7684\u7269\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5219&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/dev&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6743\u9650\u6781\u4e25&#xff1a;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u4f4f\u6237&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u5927\u5802\u6216\u8d70\u5eca\u201c\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u201d&#xff08;\u62e5\u6709\u8bfb\u53d6\u6743\u9650&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4f60\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5927\u5802\u91cc\u968f\u4fbf\u653e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u7269\u54c1&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u53bb\u6539\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u7ebf&#xff08;\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u5165\u6743\u9650&#xff09;\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u697c\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&#xff08;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f root \u7528\u6237&#xff09;\u624d\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u5728\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55 (Home Directory)&#xff1a;~<\/h4>\n<p>\u2014\u2014 \u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90a3\u95f4\u79c1\u623f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b26\u53f7\u4ee3\u8868&#xff1a;\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7 ~<\/li>\n<li>\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff1a;\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u5916\u7684&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u8fd9\u68f5\u5927\u6811\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u7edf\u4e00\u653e\u5728 \/home \u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u697c\u7c7b\u6bd4&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7528\u94a5\u5319\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u90a3\u95f4\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u516c\u5bd3\u623f\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f60\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53ea\u6709\u5bf9\u4f60\u751f\u6548\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u914d\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e3b\u9898\u7684 .bashrc&#xff0c;\u5b58 SSH \u5bc6\u94a5\u7684 .ssh\/&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7edd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531&#xff08;\u901a\u4fd7\u7406\u89e3&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u901a\u5e38\u62e5\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u521b\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u6743\u9650\u4ecd\u7531\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u3001ACL\u3001\u53ea\u8bfb\u6302\u8f7d\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u914d\u989d\u7b49\u89c4\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u62e6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u4e00\u56fe\u770b\u61c2\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684 tree \u5b8f\u89c2\u5730\u770b\u4e00\u770b&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\/  (\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 &#8211; \u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u9876\u70b9)<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 bin\/<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 etc\/<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 var\/<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 home\/  (\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bbf\u820d\u697c)<br \/>\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 user1\/  &lt;&#8211; \u8fd9\u662f user1 \u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55 (~)<br \/>\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 user2\/  &lt;&#8211; \u8fd9\u662f user2 \u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55 (~)<br \/>\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 developer\/  &lt;&#8211; \u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u662f developer&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55 (~)<br \/>\n        \u251c\u2500\u2500 Documents\/<br \/>\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500 code_projects\/<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u770b\u51fa&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u662f \/home\/\u4f60\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\/&#xff1b;\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4&#xff0c;~ \u662f Shell \u5bf9\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u5c55\u5f00&#xff0c;root \u7684 ~ \u901a\u5e38\u662f \/root&#xff0c;\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u6781\u6613\u7528\u9519\u7684\u7a7f\u68ad\u6307\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u533a\u522b&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 cd (Change Directory) \u7a7f\u68ad\u65f6\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ff7\u8def\u4e86&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cd \/&#xff1a;\u77ac\u95f4\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u6574\u68f5\u5927\u6811\u7684\u6839\u90e8\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u6572 ls&#xff0c;\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f bin, etc, home \u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/li>\n<li>cd ~&#xff1a;\u77ac\u95f4\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u79c1\u623f\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u8ff7\u5931\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u6df1\u679d\u672b\u53f6\u91cc&#xff0c;\u6572\u4e0b\u5b83\u5c31\u80fd\u4e00\u952e\u56de\u57ce\u3002<\/li>\n<li>cd&#xff1a;&#xff08;\u540e\u9762\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u52a0&#xff09;\u8fd9\u548c cd ~ \u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u4ef7&#xff0c;\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6700\u7231\u7684\u4e00\u952e\u56de\u57ce\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>tree \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4 ls \u662f\u62ff\u7740\u624b\u7535\u7b52\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u7167\u6765\u7167\u53bb&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48 tree \u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u542f\u4e86 \u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c6\u89d2\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u662f&#xff1a;\u4ee5\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u7684\u683c\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u6574\u7406\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5199\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;tree \u662f\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\u7684\u795e\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6781\u7b80\u7684 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;tree \u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5e26\u7684&#xff0c;\u9996\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 sudo apt install tree \u6216 yum install tree \u5b89\u88c5\u3002)<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>tree <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5c42\u7ea7&#xff08;\u6700\u57fa\u7840&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6572 tree&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u5411\u4e0b\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u548c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u753b\u51fa\u4e00\u68f5\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u6811&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>tree<\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>.<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 CMakeLists.txt<br \/>\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 include<br \/>\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 config.h<br \/>\n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 math_utils.h<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 src<br \/>\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 main.cpp<br \/>\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 math_utils.cpp<\/p>\n<p>2 directories, 5 files<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u2b50 \u9650\u5236\u904d\u5386\u6df1\u5ea6&#xff08;\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570 -L&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f tree \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u6700\u4fdd\u547d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u975e\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a node_modules \u6216\u8005\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6572 tree \u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6ee1\u5c4f\u6eda\u52a8\u534a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528 -L (Level) \u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u9650\u5236\u5b83\u5411\u4e0b\u94bb\u53d6\u7684\u5c42\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784<br \/>\ntree <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-L<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b \/etc \u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u4f46\u53ea\u770b\u5411\u4e0b <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> \u5c42\u7684\u7ed3\u6784&#xff08;\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5e26\u6709\u6811\u72b6\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 ls&#xff09;<br \/>\ntree <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-L<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> \/etc<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u53ea\u770b\u9aa8\u67b6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u770b\u8840\u8089&#xff08;\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55 -d&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u63a5\u624b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u8005\u5411\u522b\u4eba\u5c55\u793a\u4ee3\u7801\u67b6\u6784\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5212\u5206\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u60f3\u770b\u91cc\u9762\u5bc6\u5bc6\u9ebb\u9ebb\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 -d (directories) \u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u5ffd\u7565\u6240\u6709\u6587\u672c\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\ntree <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-d<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u56db&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;-a&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u548c ls \u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;tree \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u4ee5 . \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 .git \u6216 .vscode \u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff09;\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a -a (all) \u5c31\u80fd\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u73b0\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<p>tree <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-a<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. \u6781\u5ba2\u7ec4\u5408\u6280&#xff08;\u5199\u6587\u6863\u795e\u5668&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u5199 CSDN \u535a\u5ba2\u6216\u8005\u505a\u9879\u76ee\u603b\u7ed3\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u628a\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784\u7c98\u8d34\u5230 Markdown \u6587\u6863\u91cc\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a tree \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u62ff\u6765\u5c31\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u751f\u6210\u6700\u591a\u5305\u542b 2 \u5c42\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6811&#xff0c;\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230 structure.txt \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/span><br \/>\ntree <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-L<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> structure.txt<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f6a8; \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/h4>\n<p>\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u6839\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\/&#xff09;\u6216\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;~&#xff09;\u4e0b\u76f4\u63a5\u6572\u6ca1\u6709 -L \u53c2\u6570\u7684 tree&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u904d\u5386\u4f60\u6574\u4e2a\u786c\u76d8\u91cc\u7684\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u753b\u6811&#xff0c;\u4f60\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u72c2\u6b22\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6309\u9519\u4e86&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u4f4f\u6700\u5feb\u901f\u5ea6\u6309\u4e0b Ctrl &#043; C \u5f3a\u884c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5b83&#xff01;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>pwd \u6307\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e16\u754c\u91cc&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u7684\u201c\u5730\u5740\u680f\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u5f15&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6811&#xff08;\u591a\u53c9\u6811&#xff09;\u4e2d\u8ff7\u5931\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>pwd \u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u201c\u5168\u5b87\u5b99\u901a\u7528 GPS \u5b9a\u4f4d\u4eea\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u5168\u79f0\u662f Print Working Directory&#xff08;\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6781\u5176\u7b80\u5355&#xff0c;\u8fde\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u5f88\u5c11\u7528\u5230&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u80cc\u540e\u5374\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4e0e\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5&#xff08;l&#xff09;\u201d\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u4f60\u8be6\u7ec6\u62c6\u89e3 pwd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u7075\u9b42\u62f7\u95ee\u201c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u54ea&#xff1f;\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5e76\u56de\u8f66&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>mnl&#064;ubuntu:~\/projects$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">pwd<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a; \/home\/mounanlin\/projects<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;pwd \u6c38\u8fdc\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u5730\u8fd4\u56de\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u4ee5\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u7684\u542b\u4e49&#xff1a;Working Directory \u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u201c\u7ad9\u7acb\u201d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u4f60\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 ls .\/ \u6216 rm *.txt&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u5e95\u5c42\u63ed\u79d8&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u7684&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u771f\u6b63\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u5728\u54ea\u201d\u9760\u7684\u662f CWD&#xff08;Current Working Directory&#xff0c;\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001&#xff1b;Shell \u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 CWD\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6&#xff0c;Shell \u8fd8\u4f1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a PWD \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u6267\u884c cd \u65f6&#xff0c;Shell \u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 CWD&#xff0c;\u5e76\u540c\u6b65\u66f4\u65b0 PWD&#xff1b;\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u8bb0\u6210&#xff1a;CWD \u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u771f\u6b63\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;PWD \u662f Shell \u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>cd\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>cd\u662f Change Directory&#xff08;\u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5355\u7eaf&#xff1a;\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff08;\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\u4e4b\u95f4\u7a7f\u68ad\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;cd \u548c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u81f3\u5c11\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u3002)<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 vs \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/h4>\n<p>\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528 cd&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u533a\u522b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff1a;\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u6839\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u8d77\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u5740\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d&#xff0c;\u8f93\u5165\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u603b\u80fd\u628a\u4f60\u5e26\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>Linux \/ macOS \u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;cd \/usr\/local\/bin &#xff08;\u4ee5 \/ \u5f00\u5934\u4ee3\u8868\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u51fa\u53d1&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>Windows \u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;cd C:\\\\Users\\\\Admin\\\\Documents &#xff08;\u4ee5\u76d8\u7b26\u5f00\u5934&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff1a;\u4ee5\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u4e8e \/home\/user&#xff0c;\u8f93\u5165 cd Documents&#xff08;\u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709 \/&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165 \/home\/user\/Documents\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u5fc5\u4f1a\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u7b26\u53f7<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3&#xff0c;\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cd .. &#xff08;\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\n<ul>\n<li>.. \u4ee3\u8868\u7236\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728 Documents\/work&#xff0c;\u8f93\u5165 cd .. \u5c31\u4f1a\u9000\u56de\u5230 Documents\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u9636\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e32\u8054\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982 cd ..\/.. \u4f1a\u5411\u4e0a\u8fde\u9000\u4e24\u7ea7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>cd ~ \u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165 cd &#xff08;\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\n<ul>\n<li>~ \u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u201c\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u201d&#xff08;Home Directory&#xff09;\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u8ff7\u5931\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u6df1\u5904&#xff0c;\u8f93\u5165 cd ~ \u5c31\u80fd\u7acb\u523b\u56de\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982 macOS \u7684 \/Users\/\u4f60\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>cd &#8211; &#xff08;\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;cd -\u53ea\u4f1a\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u5207\u6362&#xff09;\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u201c\u6298\u8fd4\u201d\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7535\u89c6\u9065\u63a7\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9891\u9053\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ece \/var\/log \u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e86 \/etc&#xff0c;\u53ea\u9700\u8f93\u5165 cd &#8211; \u5c31\u80fd\u77ac\u95f4\u8df3\u56de \/var\/log\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>cd \/ &#xff08;\u524d\u5f80\u6839\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\n<ul>\n<li>\/ \u4ee3\u8868\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u9876\u5c42\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>cd . &#xff08;\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\n<ul>\n<li>. \u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5355\u72ec\u6267\u884c cd . \u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6548\u679c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u811a\u672c .\/script.sh&#xff09;\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>clear \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>clear \u662f Linux \u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u6700\u8ba9\u4eba\u201c\u5fc3\u65f7\u795e\u6021\u201d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5355\u7eaf&#xff1a;\u6e05\u5c4f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c4f\u5e55\u88ab\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u62a5\u9519\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u957f\u7bc7\u624b\u518c\u586b\u6ee1&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u4f60\u611f\u5230\u773c\u82b1\u7f2d\u4e71\u65f6&#xff0c;clear \u80fd\u77ac\u95f4\u8fd8\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e72\u5e72\u51c0\u51c0\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u754c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u5373\u53ef&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">clear<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5e73\u66ff&#xff1a;Ctrl &#043; L<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u8001\u624b\u4f1a\u66f4\u4e60\u60ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 Ctrl &#043; L&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u6572 clear \u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u6309\u4e0b\u7ec4\u5408\u952e Ctrl &#043; L&#xff0c;\u5728 Bash \u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u4ea4\u4e92\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u6548\u679c\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165 clear \u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u5236\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u5feb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6253\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u8f93\u5165&#xff1a;\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u6572\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 cp -r src\/ bac&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6309\u4e0b Ctrl &#043; L \u4e5f\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u6e05\u5c4f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u4f60\u521a\u624d\u6572\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5b8c\u597d\u65e0\u635f\u5730\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u6700\u4e0a\u65b9&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u6253\u5b57\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>3. \u5e95\u5c42\u771f\u76f8&#xff1a;\u5b83\u771f\u7684\u201c\u6e05\u7a7a\u201d\u4e86\u5417&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n<p>clear \u6307\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7ec8\u7aef\u80fd\u529b\u53d1\u9001\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5e8f\u5217\u6765\u6e05\u7406\/\u91cd\u7ed8\u53ef\u89c1\u5c4f\u5e55&#xff1b;Ctrl &#043; L \u5728 Bash\/Readline \u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u91cd\u7ed8\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u201c\u8f93\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7a7a\u884c\u628a\u5185\u5bb9\u5411\u4e0a\u63a8\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6e05\u5c4f\u540e\u5411\u4e0a\u6eda\u52a8\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u7559\u6eda\u52a8\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u6a21\u62df\u5668\u3001clear \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u9009\u9879&#xff1b;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec8\u7aef\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u627e\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u6e05\u7406\u89c6\u89c9\u753b\u9762\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u6e05\u9664\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u201c\u4f60\u6572\u8fc7\u54ea\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff0c;\u9632\u6b62\u522b\u4eba\u6309 \u2191 \u952e\u5077\u770b&#xff0c;\u90a3\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230 history -c \u6307\u4ee4\u3002)<\/p>\n<h3>history \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>history \u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684 \u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5e93\u201d\u3002Shell \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u628a\u4f60\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u662f\u5426\u8bb0\u5f55\u67d0\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u3001\u662f\u5426\u53bb\u91cd&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230 HISTCONTROL\u3001HISTIGNORE\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u914d\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6c38\u4e45\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u60f3\u4e0d\u8d77\u6628\u5929\u6572\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5de8\u957f\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u60f3\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u6b21\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6&#xff0c;history \u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u6551\u547d\u7a3b\u8349\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7cbe\u51c6\u67e5\u627e<\/h4>\n<p>\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">history<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u6761\u5e26\u6709\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9ad8\u9891\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u7ed3\u5408 grep \u8fc7\u6ee4\u67e5\u627e \u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u51e0\u767e\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u592a\u778e\u773c\u4e86&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u914d\u5408\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 | \u548c grep&#xff08;\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u6307\u4ee4&#xff09;\u6765\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u770b\u5305\u542b <span class=\"token string\">&#034;gcc&#034;<\/span> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">history<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> gcc<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u770b\u5305\u542b <span class=\"token string\">&#034;ssh&#034;<\/span> \u7684\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">history<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. \u53f9\u53f7\u9b54\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u8c03\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7684 Bash\/Zsh \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u611f\u53f9\u53f7 ! \u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u6572\u952e\u76d8\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8d77\u98de&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6267\u884c history \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53f9\u53f7\u9b54\u6cd5\u662f Bash\/Zsh \u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u5165\u5c31\u80fd\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>!\u7f16\u53f7&#xff1a;\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7 history \u770b\u5230\u7b2c 1024 \u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u662f g&#043;&#043; main.cpp -o app -std&#061;c&#043;&#043;20&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6572 !1024 \u56de\u8f66&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u6761\u957f\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>!\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff1a;\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21 \u4ee5\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u6572 !cp&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u6267\u884c\u4f60\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7528\u8fc7\u7684 cp \u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>!!&#xff08;\u53cc\u53f9\u53f7&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u539f\u6837\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f525; \u7ec8\u6781\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u4f60\u6572\u4e86\u4e00\u957f\u4e32\u547d\u4ee4\u51c6\u5907\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u56de\u8f66\u540e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u60c5\u63d0\u793a Permission denied&#xff08;\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3&#xff09;\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6309\u4e0a\u7bad\u5934\u91cd\u65b0\u627e\u5e76\u628a\u5149\u6807\u79fb\u5230\u6700\u524d\u9762&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6572 sudo !!&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u628a\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u62fc\u5728 sudo \u540e\u9762\u518d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5e73\u66ff&#xff1a;Ctrl &#043; R<\/h4>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u8001\u624b\u4e0d\u7528 clear \u800c\u662f\u7528 Ctrl &#043; L \u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u8001\u624b\u627e\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u6781\u5c11\u7528 history&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u7528 Ctrl &#043; R (Reverse Search)\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u4e0b Ctrl &#043; R\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ec8\u7aef\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210 (reverse-i-search)\\\\: \u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f00\u59cb\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u5370\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7247\u6bb5&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u8f93\u5165 docker&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5b9e\u65f6\u5411\u56de\u641c\u7d22\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6761\u5339\u914d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u627e\u7684\u90a3\u6761&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u6309 Ctrl &#043; R&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u627e\u5230\u4e86&#xff01;\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u4e0b Enter \u952e\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u6309\u53f3\u65b9\u5411\u952e\u628a\u547d\u4ee4\u62c9\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u6846\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>4. \u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u201c\u6bc1\u5c38\u706d\u8ff9\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>history \u65e2\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u524d Shell \u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u8de8\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528\u7684\u662f Bash&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5b58\u5728 ~\/.bash_history \u91cc\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528\u7684\u662f Zsh&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5b58\u5728 ~\/.zsh_history \u91cc\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5148\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868&#xff1b;\u4f55\u65f6\u8ffd\u52a0\/\u5199\u56de\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e Shell \u53ca\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u540c\u65f6\u6253\u5f00\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5404\u81ea\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u72b6\u6001\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u6e05\u7a7a\u5386\u53f2&#xff1f; \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u6572\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5305\u542b\u654f\u611f\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u7531\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8feb\u75c7\u60f3\u6e05\u7406\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u6e05\u7a7a\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff08;\u6b64\u65f6\u6572\u4e0a\u7bad\u5934\u5df2\u7ecf\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u521a\u624d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e86&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">history<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-c<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u5f3a\u5236\u5199\u5165\u786c\u76d8&#xff0c;\u5f7b\u5e95\u62b9\u9664\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">history<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-w<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>whoami \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n<p>whoami \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5&#xff1a;\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u201c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u8eab\u4efd\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u5373\u53ef&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">whoami<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ee5\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u767b\u5f55&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 jiaoyuan&#xff09;\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e86\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa root\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u5e38\u89c1\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8ff7\u5931\u73af\u5883\u65f6\u786e\u8ba4\u8eab\u4efd&#xff1a;\u5f53\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7 SSH \u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u591a\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u63a5\u624b\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u521a\u7528\u8fc7\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u754c\u9762\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5feb\u901f\u786e\u8ba4\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u786e\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u5207\u6362\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;\u5f53\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 su&#xff08;\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237&#xff09;\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b sudo \u73af\u5883\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86 root \u6743\u9650\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6572\u4e00\u4e0b whoami \u5c31\u80fd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Shell \u811a\u672c\u7f16\u5199&#xff1a;\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8fd0\u884c\u3002whoami \u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u505a\u6743\u9650\u62e6\u622a&#xff1a;<span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;<span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">whoami<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span>&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">!&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;root&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">then<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 root \u6743\u9650\u8fd0\u884c\u6b64\u811a\u672c&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">exit<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">fi<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. \u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91<\/h4>\n<p>whoami \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237 ID&#xff08;Effective User ID&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u672c\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u4ef7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">id<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-un<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#xff08;id \u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7684 UID \u548c GID \u7b49\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;-u \u8868\u793a\u53ea\u770b\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;-n \u8868\u793a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u4ee3\u53f7&#xff09;\u3002\u7531\u4e8e whoami \u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u76f4\u89c9&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>touch \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;touch \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u57fa\u7840\u4e14\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u201c\u89e6\u6478\u201d&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u5374\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n<p>touch \u6307\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;touch \u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u521b\u5efa\u5b83&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 0 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c5e\u6027&#xff08;\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;touch \u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u6700\u540e\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u521a\u521a\u201c\u78b0\u201d\u4e86\u5b83\u4e00\u4e0b&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a; 1.touch \u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u201c\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff09;\u201d&#xff1b;\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;touch \u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u201ctouch \u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u3002 2.\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u7ed9\u540d\u5b57&#xff08;\u5982 touch a.txt&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u8e29\u7740\u7684\u571f\u5730\u201d\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7ed9\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u5982 touch \/home\/user\/a.txt&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u50cf\u201c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5bfc\u5f39\u201d\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u8de8\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u754c\u9650&#xff0c;\u7cbe\u51c6\u6253\u51fb\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u5e38\u89c1\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6700\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u60f3\u5f80\u91cc\u9762\u5199\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a main.cpp \u7684\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> main.cpp<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u9694\u5f00&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> index.html style.css app.js<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u5408\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u521b\u5efa&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982\u521b\u5efa test1.txt \u5230 test5.txt&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> test<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>.txt<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u66f4\u65b0\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6784\u5efa\u5de5\u5177&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 C&#043;&#043; \u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684 make&#xff09;\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u5bf9\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u60f3\u5f3a\u5236\u89e6\u53d1\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 touch \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e0b\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5047\u8bbe config.h \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u540e&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> config.h<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u8fdb\u9636\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u60f3\u4fee\u6539\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c5e\u6027&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-a&#xff1a;\u53ea\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;Access time&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-m&#xff1a;\u53ea\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;Modification time&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-t&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u683c\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss]\u3002\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a <span class=\"token number\">2026<\/span>\u5e744\u670815\u65e5 09\u70b900\u5206<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-t<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">202604150900<\/span> target_file.txt\n <\/li>\n<li>-c&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u505a&#xff08;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 C&#043;&#043; \u5f00\u53d1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u4f4f \u201ctouch \u6587\u4ef6\u540d &#061; \u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u201d \u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u5e94\u4ed8 90% \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;touch\u521b\u5efa\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<p>touch&#xff08;\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6709 Linux \u6307\u4ee4&#xff09;\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8303\u56f4&#xff0c;\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91&#xff1a;\u53ea\u8981\u8def\u5f84\u5bf9&#xff0c;\u54ea\u91cc\u90fd\u80fd\u5efa<\/h4>\n<p>\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u62e5\u6709\u5199\u5165\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f A&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u201d&#xff08;\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u5f00\u59cb\u7b97&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u5728\u54ea\u91cc&#xff08;\u54ea\u6015\u4f60\u5728\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55 ~&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f60\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728 \/tmp \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u5efa\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> \/tmp\/new_file.txt<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f B&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u201d&#xff08;\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\u7b97&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u5728 Projects \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cc&#xff0c;\u4f60\u60f3\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939 src \u91cc\u9762\u5efa\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5148 cd src<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> src\/main.cpp<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u4e24\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/h4>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u54ea\u91cc\u90fd\u80fd\u5efa&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4f60\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e24\u6b21\u201c\u78b0\u58c1\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd&#xff1a;\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff08;\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u7f3a\u5931&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5728 a \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684 b \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cc\u5efa\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4f46 a \u6216 b \u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> a\/b\/test.txt<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;touch: cannot touch &#039;a\/b\/test.txt&#039;: No such file or directory<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u4f60\u5f97\u5148\u7528 mkdir -p a\/b \u628a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u79cd\u51fa\u6765&#xff0c;\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u6811\u679d\u4e0a\u6302\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd&#xff1a;\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3&#xff08;\u8d8a\u754c\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u516c\u5bd3&#xff08;\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55 ~&#xff09;\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u4fbf\u6298\u817e&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u53bb\u5927\u697c\u8d70\u5eca&#xff08;\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u6216 \/etc&#xff09;\u4e71\u9489\u9489\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span> \/etc\/hacker.conf<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;touch: cannot touch &#039;\/etc\/hacker.conf&#039;: Permission denied<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528 sudo&#xff08;\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6781\u5176\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u65f6\u4e71\u78b0\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f4a1; \u6781\u5ba2\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;Linux \u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u201c\u7784\u51c6\u201d\u6cd5\u5219<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u91cc&#xff0c;\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u90fd\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4e00\u5957\u901a\u7528\u7684 \u201c\u8def\u5f84\u8bc6\u522b\u903b\u8f91\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u7ed9\u540d\u5b57&#xff08;\u5982 touch a.txt&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u8e29\u7740\u7684\u571f\u5730\u201d\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7ed9\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u5982 touch \/home\/user\/a.txt&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u50cf\u201c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5bfc\u5f39\u201d\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u8de8\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u754c\u9650&#xff0c;\u7cbe\u51c6\u6253\u51fb\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e2a touch \u7684\u201c\u9690\u85cf\u6280\u80fd\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5f88\u6709\u7528&#xff1a;\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u56e0\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4e0a\u800c\u62d2\u7edd\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981 touch \u4e00\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b83\u521a\u521a\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u5f3a\u5236\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>rm\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>rm \u662f Remove&#xff08;\u79fb\u9664\/\u5220\u9664&#xff09;\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u8fd9\u662f Linux \u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5371\u9669\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7eaf\u7cb9&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f6a8; \u6838\u5fc3\u8b66\u544a&#xff1a; \u5728 Linux \u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u91cc&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u56de\u6536\u7ad9\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4f7f\u7528 rm \u6210\u529f\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u6d88\u5931\u4e86&#xff08;\u6781\u96be\u6062\u590d&#xff09;\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6572\u51fb\u56de\u8f66\u524d&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u770b\u6e05\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\u2022-f \u5373\u4f7f\u2f42\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>\u5373\u5199\u4fdd\u62a4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>&#xff0c;\u4ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664<br \/>\n\u2022-i \u5220\u9664\u524d\u9010\u2f00\u8be2\u95ee\u786e\u8ba4<br \/>\n\u2022-r \u5220\u9664\u2f6c\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u2f42\u4ef6<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;rm \u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 main.o \u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> main.o<\/p>\n<p> \u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> index.html style.css<\/p>\n<p> \u7ed3\u5408\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6279\u91cf\u5220\u9664&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 .log \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> *.log<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a -r&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5220\u6389\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528 mkdir \u5efa\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5 rm \u76ee\u5f55\u540d \u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a -r (recursive &#8211; \u9012\u5f52) \u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5e95\u5c42&#xff0c;\u628a\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e00\u5c42\u4e00\u5c42\u5168\u5220\u6389&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5220\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5220\u9664\u540d\u4e3a build \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-r<\/span> build<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u65e0\u60c5\u62b9\u9664&#xff0c;\u62d2\u7edd\u786e\u8ba4&#xff08;\u52a0\u4e0a -f&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u9047\u5230\u53ea\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u5570\u55e6\u5730\u95ee\u4f60&#xff1a;\u201c\u4f60\u786e\u5b9a\u8981\u5220\u9664\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5417 (y\/n)&#xff1f;\u201d \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5f88\u5927&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u6e05\u7406 C&#043;&#043; \u9879\u76ee\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5e9e\u5927 out \u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e00\u76f4\u6309 y \u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981 -f (force &#8211; \u5f3a\u5236) \u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f39\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u786e\u8ba4\u63d0\u793a<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-f<\/span> old_config.json<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u9ad8\u9891\u4e14\u6781\u5176\u5371\u9669\u7684\u7ec4\u5408&#xff1a;rm -rf<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005&#xff0c;-rf&#xff08;\u5373 -r \u548c -f \u7684\u7ed3\u5408&#xff09;\u662f\u4f60\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u6e05\u7406\u6b66\u5668&#xff1a;\u5f3a\u5236\u4e14\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5220\u9664\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u7edd\u4e0d\u5e9f\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u77ac\u95f4\u8ba9 target_folder \u53ca\u5176\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5fc3\u8840\u7070\u98de\u70df\u706d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-rf<\/span> target_folder<\/p>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8981\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9488\u5bf9\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u505a\u9012\u5f52\u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u3002 \u73b0\u4ee3 GNU rm \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7528 &#8211;preserve-root \u4fdd\u62a4\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684 rm -rf \/&#xff0c;\u4f46 rm -rf \/*\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\u8def\u5f84\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u707e\u96be\u6027\u5220\u9664\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u5c42\u4fdd\u62a4\u5f53\u6210\u4fdd\u9669\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u707e\u96be&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 *&#xff08;\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u624b\u6296\u591a\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c&#xff1a; rm -rf \/ home\/user\/docs\/* &#xff08;\u6ce8\u610f \/ \u540e\u9762\u7684\u7a7a\u683c&#xff09; Shell \u4f1a\u628a \/ \u548c home\/user\/docs\/* \u89e3\u6790\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u6761 rm \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u6807&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u62c6\u6210\u4e24\u6761 rm \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4f9d\u7136\u6781\u5176\u5371\u9669&#xff1a;rm \u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5904\u7406\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u5916\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u4e00\u5c42\u4fdd\u9669 (-i)&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u62ff\u4e0d\u51c6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 -i (interactive &#8211; \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f) \u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u5220\u9664\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u524d\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u95ee\u4f60&#xff0c;\u6309 y \u786e\u8ba4&#xff0c;\u6309 n \u8df3\u8fc7&#xff1a;<span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-i<\/span> important_script.sh<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<h3>mkdir\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>mkdir \u662f Make Directory&#xff08;\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u5b83\u662f Linux \u548c\u5404\u7c7b Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u5355\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u76ee\u5f55<\/h5>\n<p>\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7528\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a src \u7684\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> src<\/p>\n<p> \u540c\u65f6\u5e73\u7ea7\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u9694\u5f00&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> bin lib include<\/p>\n<p> \u7ed3\u5408\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u6279\u91cf\u521b\u5efa\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982\u521b\u5efa day1 \u5230 day5 \u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> day<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u4e00\u952e\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u5c42\u5d4c\u5957\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570 -p&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5efa\u7acb\u6df1\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982 src\/main\/cpp&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9010\u5c42\u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u7e41\u7410&#xff0c;\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 -p (parents) \u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u4e00\u5e76\u521b\u5efa&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u5373\u4f7f src \u548c main \u90fd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u5efa\u597d\u6574\u6761\u8def\u5f84<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-p<\/span> src\/main\/cpp<\/p>\n<p> \u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u952e\u751f\u6210\u9879\u76ee\u811a\u624b\u67b6\u9aa8\u67b6<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-p<\/span> project\/<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>src,bin,doc,build<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a project \u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff0c;\u91cc\u9762\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b src\u3001bin\u3001doc \u548c build \u56db\u4e2a\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002)<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u8fdb\u9636\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u529b -p \u4e4b\u5916&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>-v (verbose &#8211; \u8be6\u7ec6\u6a21\u5f0f)&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u6b21\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u6761\u786e\u8ba4\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u548c -p \u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u4f60\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u5e95\u5e2e\u4f60\u5efa\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-pv<\/span> app\/config\/json<br \/>\n \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<br \/>\n mkdir: \u5df2\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55 <span class=\"token string\">&#039;app&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n mkdir: \u5df2\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55 <span class=\"token string\">&#039;app\/config&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n mkdir: \u5df2\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55 <span class=\"token string\">&#039;app\/config\/json&#039;<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-m (mode &#8211; \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650)&#xff1a;\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u540c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff08;\u7c7b\u4f3c chmod \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7528\u6cd5&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p>  \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6743\u9650\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a <span class=\"token number\">777<\/span>&#xff08;\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u53ef\u5199\u3001\u53ef\u6267\u884c&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-m<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">777<\/span> shared_folder\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u7262\u8bb0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u51c6\u5219\u5373\u53ef&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5efa\u5e73\u7ea7\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff1a;\u76f4\u63a5 mkdir \u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5efa\u5e26\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff1a;\u6c38\u8fdc\u52a0\u4e0a -p&#xff0c;\u5373 mkdir -p \u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>rmdir\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u54b1\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 mkdir&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u6bc1\u5929\u706d\u5730\u7684 rm -r&#xff0c;\u90a3\u786e\u5b9e\u8be5\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u8865\u4e0a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5757\u62fc\u56fe&#xff1a;rmdir\u3002<\/p>\n<p>rmdir \u662f Remove Directory&#xff08;\u79fb\u9664\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u5b83\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6982\u62ec&#xff1a;\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u3001\u4e14\u7edd\u5bf9\u53ea\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u201c\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">rmdir<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a test_folder&#xff0c;\u91cc\u9762\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u653e&#xff0c;\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u4e86&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">rmdir<\/span> test_folder<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f6a8; \u7ecf\u5178\u62a5\u9519\u573a\u666f&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cc\u54ea\u6015\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f60\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 .git \u6216 .DS_Store&#xff09;&#xff0c;rmdir \u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u62d2\u7edd\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>rmdir: failed to remove <span class=\"token string\">&#039;test_folder&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:<\/span> Directory not empty<\/p>\n<p>(\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66&#xff1a;\u7edd\u5bf9\u9632\u5446&#xff0c;\u7edd\u4e0d\u8bef\u6740\u3002)<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u50cf\u5265\u6d0b\u8471\u4e00\u6837\u5220\u9664\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570 -p&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97 mkdir -p a\/b\/c \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u5efa\u597d\u51e0\u5c42\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5417&#xff1f; rmdir \u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684 -p (parents) \u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u662f&#xff1a;\u5148\u5220\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684 c&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u5220\u5b8c\u540e b \u4e5f\u7a7a\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5c31\u628a b \u4e5f\u5220\u4e86&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c b \u5220\u5b8c\u540e a \u4e5f\u7a7a\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5c31\u628a a \u4e5f\u8fde\u9505\u7aef\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u5047\u8bbe a \u91cc\u9762\u53ea\u6709 b&#xff0c;b \u91cc\u9762\u53ea\u6709 c&#xff0c;\u4e14 c \u662f\u7a7a\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n \u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u628a a, b, c \u4e09\u5c42\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5168\u90e8\u6e05\u7406\u5e72\u51c0\u3002<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">rmdir<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-p<\/span> a\/b\/c<\/p>\n<p>(\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5220\u5230 b \u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u53d1\u73b0 b \u91cc\u9762\u9664\u4e86 c \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a config.txt&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48 rmdir \u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u505c\u624b&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u7559 a \u548c b&#xff0c;\u5e76\u63d0\u793a\u4f60 b \u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002)<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7075\u9b42\u62f7\u95ee&#xff1a;\u65e2\u7136\u6709 rm -rf&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u8981 rmdir \u5e72\u561b&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u624b\u5728\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u65e0\u654c\u7684 rm -rf \u540e&#xff0c;\u5c31\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u78b0 rmdir \u4e86&#xff0c;\u89c9\u5f97\u5b83\u53c8\u5f31\u53c8\u5570\u55e6\u3002\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e25\u8c28\u7684 C&#043;&#043; \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u7ef4&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u573a\u666f\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u7531&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u5bb9\u9519&#xff08;Fail-Safe&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u60f3\u8c61\u4f60\u5728\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u811a\u672c&#xff0c;\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u9700\u8981\u6e05\u7406\u521a\u624d\u4e34\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u4e0b\u8f7d\u76ee\u5f55 temp_build\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5199 rm -rf temp_build&#xff1a; \u4e07\u4e00\u524d\u9762\u67d0\u4e00\u6b65\u903b\u8f91\u51fa\u9519\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u4e86 temp_build \u91cc&#xff0c;rm -rf \u4f1a\u4e0d\u7728\u773c\u5730\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5168\u90e8\u626c\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5199 rmdir temp_build&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5207\u6309\u8ba1\u5212\u8fdb\u884c&#xff0c;\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7a0b\u5e8f\u79fb\u8d70\u4e86&#xff0c;temp_build \u662f\u7a7a\u7684&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b89\u5168\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u4e86\u610f\u5916&#xff0c;\u91cc\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u9057\u7559\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;rmdir \u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u5e76\u505c\u6b62&#xff0c;\u628a\u73b0\u573a\u5b8c\u597d\u65e0\u635f\u5730\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u8ba9\u4f60\u6392\u67e5 Bug\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>&#x1f4a1; \u6781\u5ba2\u7ec4\u5408\u6280&#xff1a;\u4e00\u952e\u6e05\u7406\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5e9f\u5f03\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<p>\u7ed3\u5408\u201c\u786c\u76d8\u96f7\u8fbe\u201d find \u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u51fa\u4e00\u884c\u6781\u5176\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u5e2e\u4f60\u628a\u5e9e\u5927\u9879\u76ee\u91cc\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u4e3a\u91cd\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u800c\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u7528\u5904\u7684\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5168\u90e8\u63ea\u51fa\u6765\u5e76\u5b89\u5168\u5220\u6389&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> \u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>.<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u5bfb\u627e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>-type d<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\u4e14\u4e3a\u7a7a<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>-empty<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5220\u9664<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>-delete<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">.<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-type<\/span> d <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-empty<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-delete<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u6bd4\u6ee1\u4e16\u754c\u6572 rmdir \u8981\u9ad8\u6548\u5f97\u591a&#xff01;)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>man \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>man \/ info \u4e3b\u8981\u67e5 \u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u624b\u518c<\/p>\n<p>man \u662f Manual&#xff08;\u624b\u518c&#xff09;\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u5728 Linux \u548c\u7c7b Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662f\u4f60\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u6700\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u60f3\u67e5\u67d0\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7528\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u5e95\u5c42 C \u8bed\u8a00\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u547c\u53eb man\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n<p>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6587\u6863\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u67e5\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u80fd\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u751a\u81f3 C\/C&#043;&#043; \u7684\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">man<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u7ae0\u8282\u53f7<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u67e5\u8be2\u8bcd<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5feb\u6377\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<p>\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4f60\u60f3\u67e5\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">man<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u540e&#xff0c;\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u754c\u9762&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u7531 less \u7a0b\u5e8f\u9a71\u52a8&#xff09;\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u754c\u9762\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5fc5\u5907\u5feb\u6377\u952e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>q&#xff1a;\u9000\u51fa&#xff08;Quit&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9&#xff0c;\u9605\u8bfb\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u6309 q \u5c31\u80fd\u9000\u56de\u5230\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Space&#xff08;\u7a7a\u683c\u952e&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0b\u7ffb\u4e00\u9875\u3002<\/li>\n<li>b&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0a\u7ffb\u4e00\u9875&#xff08;Back&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/\u5173\u952e\u5b57&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\u7279\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8f93\u5165 \/recursive \u7136\u540e\u56de\u8f66&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u9ad8\u4eae\u8be5\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u6309 n \u627e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a&#xff0c;\u6309 N \u627e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>h&#xff1a;\u547c\u51fa\u5e2e\u52a9\u83dc\u5355&#xff0c;\u67e5\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. \u8fdb\u9636\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u624b\u518c\u7684\u201c\u7ae0\u8282\u201d (\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u77e5)<\/h4>\n<p>\u624b\u518c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u975e\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u540d\u51b2\u7a81&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u6587\u6863\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u201c\u7ae0\u8282\u201d&#xff08;\u5e38\u89c1\u662f 1&#xff5e;9&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5dee\u522b&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u8fdb\u884c\u5e95\u5c42\u5f00\u53d1\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u7ae0\u8282\u53f7&#xff0c;man \u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ece\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0\u5f00\u59cb\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u67e5\u627e&#xff0c;\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u505c\u4e0b\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7ae0\u8282\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u53f7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u65e5\u5e38\u6572\u7684\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5982 ls, cd, rm&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>2&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528&#xff08;\u5185\u6838\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u5982 fork, read, write&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>3&#xff1a;C \u8bed\u8a00\u5e93\u51fd\u6570&#xff08;\u5982 printf, malloc, strlen&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>4&#xff1a;\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6\/\u8bbe\u5907\u76f8\u5173\u8bf4\u660e&#xff08;\u5f88\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u628a \/dev \u4e0b\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>5&#xff1a;\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f&#xff08;\u5982 \/etc\/passwd \u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u8bf4\u660e&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>6&#xff1a;\u6e38\u620f\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u624b\u518c<\/li>\n<li>7&#xff1a;\u6742\u9879\u3001\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u7b49\u8bf4\u660e<\/li>\n<li>8&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u5411\u7ba1\u7406\u5458<\/li>\n<li>9&#xff1a;\u5185\u6838\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b9e\u6218\u5bf9\u6bd4\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;printf<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">man<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">printf<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6253\u5f00\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0&#xff0c;\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u5728 Shell \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 printf \u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u5199 C\/C&#043;&#043; \u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u60f3\u67e5 &lt;stdio.h&gt; \u91cc\u9762\u7684 printf \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u770b\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">man<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">printf<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9053\u7406&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u67e5 C \u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u7684 sleep \u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u5e94\u8be5\u7528 man 3 sleep&#xff1b;\u67e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 man 2 open\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5. \u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u7528\u8f85\u52a9\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>-a (all)&#xff1a;\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u5982\u679c\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u624b\u518c&#xff0c;\u4f9d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u9879&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<span class=\"token function\">man<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-a<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">printf<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<li>-k (keyword &#8211; \u6a21\u7cca\u641c\u7d22)&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5fd8\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u540d\u5b57&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f97\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5173\u952e\u5b57&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u624b\u518c\u3002<span class=\"token function\">man<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-k<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;network topology&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u51fd\u6570<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<li>-f (\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e whatis)&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u770b\u957f\u7bc7\u5927\u8bba&#xff0c;\u53ea\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u201c\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6982\u62ec\u662f\u5e72\u561b\u7684\u201d\u3002<span class=\"token function\">man<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-f<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">touch<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u884c&#xff1a;touch (1) &#8211; change file timestamps<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u8def\u5f84\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5904\u52a0\/\u4ee3\u8868\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u76ee\u5f55?<\/h3>\n<h4>1.\u52a0 \/ \u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1f;\u27a1\ufe0f \u5bf9\u7684&#xff01;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8def\u5f84\u672b\u5c3e\u7684 \/ \u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e13\u5c5e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u201c\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u8bc6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5199 dir\/&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4f60\u975e\u8981\u5728\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e2a\u659c\u6760&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 touch my_text.txt\/&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;Not a directory&#xff08;\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u52a0 \/ \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u3001\u660e\u786e\u8868\u8fbe\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u52a0\u4e0d\u52a0\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u4ef7&#xff1f;\u27a1\ufe0f \u9519&#xff01;\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u5929\u5dee\u5730\u522b&#xff01;<\/h4>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u5728 cp \u6216\u8005 mv \u547d\u4ee4\u91cc&#xff0c;src \u548c src\/ \u6070\u597d\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u4f8b\u3002\u5728 Linux \u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc&#xff0c;\u5e26\u4e0d\u5e26\u5c3e\u90e8\u659c\u6760&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f4a1; \u6781\u7b80\u64cd\u4f5c\u6cd5\u5219&#xff08;\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u6307\u5357&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8e29\u5751&#xff0c;\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u517b\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u808c\u8089\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u8865\u5168\u539f\u5219&#xff1a;\u6572\u51fb Tab \u952e\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u4e0a\u7684 \/&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5728\u505a cd\u3001ls\u3001cp\u3001mv \u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u4fdd\u7559&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u7528\u523b\u610f\u5220\u6389\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u539f\u5219&#xff08;\u9700\u8981\u8865\u5145\u9650\u5b9a&#xff09;&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728 rsync \u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u5bf9\u5c3e\u90e8 \/ \u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u91cc&#xff0c;\u662f\u5426\u52a0 \/ \u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u201d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u63a8\u5e7f\u6210\u6240\u6709 Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u3002cd\u3001ls\u3001cp\u3001mv\u3001rm\u3001rsync \u5bf9\u5c3e\u90e8 \/ \u7684\u5904\u7406\u5404\u6709\u5dee\u5f02&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u8b66\u60d5&#xff1a;\u7528 rm \u5220\u9664\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8981\u624b\u8d31\u5728\u540e\u9762\u8865 \/\u3002<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>cp \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>cp \u662f Copy&#xff08;\u590d\u5236&#xff09;\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u5728 Linux \u73af\u5883\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u514b\u9686\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u52a8\u4f5c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5168\u65b0\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4efd\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u62b9\u9664\u3001\u6e05\u7a7a\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u3002 \u6267\u884c\u5b8c cp \u6307\u4ee4\u540e&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728&#xff08;\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u4efd\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e Windows \u4e0b\u7684 Ctrl&#043;C \u548c Ctrl&#043;V \u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684 cp \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u590d\u5236\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u5b8c\u6210\u91cd\u547d\u540d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u8ba9\u5b83\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u6781\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">cp<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6 \u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u590d\u5236\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;cp \u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u590d\u5236\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span>. \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u540d&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u5c06 main.cpp \u590d\u5236\u5230 backup \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cp<\/span> main.cpp backup\/<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span>. \u539f\u5730\u590d\u5236\u5e76\u91cd\u547d\u540d&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u89c1&#xff1a;\u5907\u4efd\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd nginx.conf \u5e76\u547d\u540d\u4e3a nginx.conf.bak<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cp<\/span> nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span>. \u590d\u5236\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u91cd\u547d\u540d<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u5c06 index.html \u590d\u5236\u5230 \/tmp \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5e76\u6539\u540d\u4e3a test.html<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cp<\/span> index.html \/tmp\/test.html<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span>. \u540c\u65f6\u590d\u5236\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cp<\/span> file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt target_folder\/<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a -r&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u548c rm \u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 cp&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a -r (recursive &#8211; \u9012\u5f52) \u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u8d77\u6253\u5305\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a src \u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230 backup_src \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">cp<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-r<\/span> src\/ backup_src\/<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u4fdd\u7559\u6587\u4ef6\u539f\u59cb\u5c5e\u6027&#xff08;\u52a0\u4e0a -p&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u5f00\u53d1\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650&#xff09;\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 cp \u4f1a\u628a\u65b0\u62f7\u8d1d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u201d&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u6743\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u505a\u5230 \u201c\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u3001\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u5730\u514b\u9686\u201d &#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 -p (preserve &#8211; \u4fdd\u7559) \u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u590d\u5236\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u5176\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6743\u9650&#xff08;rwx&#xff09;\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cp<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-p<\/span> run_server.sh \/deploy\/<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u77e5\u7684\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9759\u9ed8\u8986\u76d6&#xff0c;\u6781\u5176\u5371\u9669&#xff01; \u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u539f\u751f\u7684 cp \u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u63d0\u793a&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u4e22\u5931\u3002 \u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u517b\u6210\u4e60\u60ef&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528 -i (interactive &#8211; \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f) \u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u95ee\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token function\">cp<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-i<\/span> config.json \/etc\/<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u5982\u679c \/etc\/ \u4e0b\u5df2\u6709 config.json&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a&#xff1a;cp: overwrite &#039;\/etc\/config.json&#039;?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u6709\u4e9b\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u6216\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u989d\u5916\u7ed9 cp \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u522b\u540d&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b root \u7684 cp \u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8bbe\u6210 cp -i&#xff1b;\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709 CentOS\/Ubuntu \u73af\u5883\u90fd\u7edf\u4e00\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\u3002\u5199\u811a\u672c\u65f6\u4e0d\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fd9\u79cd\u522b\u540d\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-v (verbose &#8211; \u8be6\u7ec6\u6a21\u5f0f) \u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u6709\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9879\u76ee&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u4ece\u5916\u90e8 U \u76d8\u62f7\u5165\u6574\u4e2a\u5e93\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7ec8\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a -v \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u6b63\u5728\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\/\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u547d\u4ee4\u4ecd\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c&#xff1b;\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5e26\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u201c\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6761\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token function\">cp<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-rv<\/span> my_huge_project\/ \/mnt\/backup\/\n <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-i \u6216\u2013interactive \u8986\u76d6\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u8be2\u95ee\u2f64\u2f3e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-f \u6216 &#8211;force&#xff1a;\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u8986\u76d6\u76ee\u6807&#xff1b;\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u53d7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650\u9650\u5236&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u89c6\u6743\u9650\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u76f4\u63a5 cp \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6 \u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1a;\u7528 cp -r \u6e90\u76ee\u5f55 \u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>\u5907\u4efd\u6539\u540d\u4e00\u6b65\u5230\u4f4d&#xff1a;cp \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u6587\u4ef6\u540d.bak<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>mv\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>mv \u662f Move&#xff08;\u79fb\u52a8&#xff09;\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u5b83\u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d \u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55 \u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e Windows \u91cc\u7684 \u201c\u526a\u5207 &#043; \u7c98\u8d34\u201d \u6216\u8005\u662f \u201c\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u201d \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">mv<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6 \u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<p>mv \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u539f\u5730\u91cd\u547d\u540d&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e4b\u4e00&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u201d&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u540d\u5b57&#xff0c;\u90a3\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u6784 C&#043;&#043; \u9879\u76ee\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u9891\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u5c06 old_class.cpp \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a new_class.cpp<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mv<\/span> old_class.cpp new_class.cpp<\/p>\n<p> \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a temp \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a build<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mv<\/span> temp build<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u7eaf\u79fb\u52a8&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;mv \u4f1a\u628a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u201c\u526a\u5207\u201d\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u6301\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u5c06 main.cpp \u79fb\u52a8\u5230 src \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mv<\/span> main.cpp src\/<\/p>\n<p> \u540c\u65f6\u79fb\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5c06\u4e09\u4e2a\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5168\u90e8\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 include \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mv<\/span> config.h utils.h math.h include\/<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;mv \u4f1a\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u987a\u4fbf\u628a\u540d\u5b57\u6539\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5c06 main.cpp \u79fb\u52a8\u5230 backup \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5e76\u6539\u540d\u4e3a main_bak.cpp<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mv<\/span> main.cpp backup\/main_bak.cpp<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u77e5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u907f\u5751<\/h4>\n<h5>&#x1f4a1; \u91cd\u70b9\u5dee\u5f02&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 -r<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u8fc7\u7684 rm (\u5220\u9664) \u548c cp (\u590d\u5236) \u5417&#xff1f;\u5982\u679c\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a -r \u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u4f46 mv \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u3002 \u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u6574\u4e2a lib \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 vendor \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 -r<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">mv<\/span> lib\/ vendor\/<\/p>\n<h5>&#x1f6a8; \u5371\u9669\u8b66\u544a&#xff1a;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9759\u9ed8\u8986\u76d6<\/h5>\n<p>\u548c cp \u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u539f\u751f\u7684 mv \u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\u5b83&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u63d0\u793a&#xff0c;\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u84b8\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-i (interactive &#8211; \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f)&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u52a0\u4e0a\u5b83\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5728\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u95ee\u4f60&#xff1a;<span class=\"token function\">mv<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-i<\/span> new_config.json \/etc\/config.json<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a&#xff1a;mv: overwrite &#039;\/etc\/config.json&#039;?<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<li>-n (no-clobber &#8211; \u4e0d\u8986\u76d6)&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5df2\u6709\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u79fb\u52a8&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u6279\u91cf\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-f (force &#8211; \u5f3a\u5236)&#xff1a;\u65e0\u89c6\u4efb\u4f55\u963b\u62e6&#xff0c;\u5f3a\u5236\u8986\u76d6&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5199\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. \u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u63ed\u79d8&#xff08;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 mv \u8fd9\u4e48\u5feb&#xff1f;&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u590d\u5236 (cp) \u4e00\u4e2a 10GB \u7684\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u597d\u51e0\u5206\u949f&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u628a\u78c1\u76d8\u91cc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4e00\u5757\u4e00\u5757\u5730\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002 \u4f46\u662f&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u79fb\u52a8 (mv) \u8fd9\u4e2a 10GB \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5230\u540c\u76d8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u5b83\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u77ac\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f; \u5728 Linux \u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;\u5982 ext4&#xff09;\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u9879&#xff08;dentry&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff09;\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9&#xff08;inode&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5757&#xff09;\u201d\u7ec4\u6210\u3002 \u5f53\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6&#xff0c;mv \u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u547d\u540d\/\u8c03\u6574\u76ee\u5f55\u9879\u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u642c\u52a8\u90a3 10GB \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u540d\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\u79fb\u52a8&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u3002 &#xff08;\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;mv \u65e0\u6cd5\u53ea\u9760\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6548\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u5148\u590d\u5236\u5230\u76ee\u6807&#xff0c;\u518d\u5220\u9664\u6e90\u201d\u3002\u662f\u5426\u8de8\u78c1\u76d8\/\u5206\u533a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6&#xff0c;\u5173\u952e\u662f\u662f\u5426\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002&#xff09;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>cat\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>cat \u662f Concatenate&#xff08;\u8fde\u63a5\/\u62fc\u63a5&#xff09;\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u672c\u610f\u662f\u201c\u62fc\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u201d&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5176\u5b9e\u662f&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u503e\u5012\u673a\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u628a\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u5b57&#xff0c;\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u5168\u90e8\u5012\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<br \/>\n\u2022-b \u5bf9\u2fae\u7a7a\u8f93\u51fa\u2f8f\u7f16\u53f7&#xff0c;\u7a7a\u2f8f\u4e0d\u505a\u7f16\u53f7<br \/>\n\u2022-n \u5bf9\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u2f8f\u7f16\u53f7<br \/>\n\u2022-s \u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u591a\u2f8f\u7a7a\u2f8f&#xff08;\u5373\u9047\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u884c&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u884c&#xff0c;\u591a\u4f59\u7a7a\u884c\u88ab\u5220\u9664&#xff09;<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6700\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u7528\u6cd5&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u53ea\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u773c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u77ed\u5c0f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u60f3\u6162\u541e\u541e\u5730\u6253\u5f00 vim \u6216 nano \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6&#xff0c;cat \u662f\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b CMakeLists.txt \u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> CMakeLists.txt<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u67e5\u770b&#xff08;\u52a0\u4e0a -n&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u6838\u5bf9\u62a5\u9519\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u8005\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u65f6&#xff0c;\u884c\u53f7\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002-n (number) \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c&#xff08;\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u884c&#xff09;\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f16\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b C&#043;&#043; \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u5de6\u4fa7\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-n<\/span> main.cpp<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u56de\u5f52\u672c\u610f \u2014\u2014 \u62fc\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f cat \u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8001\u672c\u884c\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7b26\u53f7 &gt;&#xff0c;\u8f93\u51fa\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u628a header.txt \u548c body.txt \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62fc\u63a5\u8d77\u6765&#xff0c;\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 full_page.txt<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> header.txt body.txt <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> full_page.txt<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u56db&#xff1a;\u9ed1\u5ba2\u98ce\u7684\u201c\u5feb\u901f\u5199\u5165\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u98de\u901f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5199\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u60f3\u6253\u5f00\u4efb\u4f55\u7f16\u8f91\u5668&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528 cat \u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> test.txt<\/p>\n<p>\u6572\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u540e&#xff0c;\u5149\u6807\u4f1a\u95ea\u70c1\u7b49\u5f85\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u968f\u610f\u6253\u5b57&#xff0c;\u6572\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e&#xff0c;\u6309\u4e0b\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684 Ctrl &#043; D&#xff08;\u4ee3\u8868 EOF&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f60\u521a\u624d\u6253\u7684\u5b57\u5c31\u5168\u90e8\u5b58\u8fdb test.txt \u91cc\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3. &#x1f6a8; \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357&#xff08;\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u67e5\u65e5\u5fd7\u65f6&#xff0c;cat \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u7528 cat \u53bb\u770b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff01; \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u624b\u6ed1\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a 2GB \u7684 Nginx access.log \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u6572\u4e86 cat&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u75af\u72c2\u5730\u5f80\u4f60\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u6253\u5370\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u88ab\u6eda\u52a8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5361\u6b7b&#xff08;\u4fd7\u79f0\u201c\u5237\u5c4f\u201d&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f60\u8fde\u6309 Ctrl&#043;C \u5f3a\u884c\u4e2d\u65ad\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u8981\u5361\u534a\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u7ec8\u6781\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848&#xff08;\u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u533a\u5206&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u51e0\u5341\u884c\u5230\u51e0\u767e\u884c&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u653e\u5fc3\u7528 cat\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u4f60\u60f3\u5206\u9875\u6162\u6162\u770b&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 less\u3002<span class=\"token function\">less<\/span> big_logfile.log<br \/>\n (less \u53ea\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5f53\u524d\u5c4f\u5e55\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u6309\u7a7a\u683c\u5f80\u4e0b\u7ffb\u9875&#xff0c;\u6309 q \u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u548c man \u624b\u518c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u6781\u5ea6\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u3002)<\/li>\n<li>\u53ea\u60f3\u770b\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u884c&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u770b\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u62a5\u9519\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 tail\u3002<span class=\"token comment\"># \u53ea\u770b\u6700\u540e 20 \u884c\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-n<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span> error.log<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u6eda\u52a8\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff08;\u6781\u5176\u9ad8\u9891&#xff01;&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-f<\/span> error.log\n <\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>tac\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u54b1\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u8bb2\u8fc7\u4e86 cat&#xff08;\u987a\u5e8f\u6253\u5370\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u90a3\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u63d0\u4e00\u63d0\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u955c\u50cf\u5144\u5f1f\u201d \u2014\u2014 tac\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u662f cat \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5012\u8fc7\u6765\u62fc\u5199&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57&#xff1a;\u6309\u884c\u5012\u5e8f\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u6700\u5148\u663e\u793a&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u6700\u540e\u663e\u793a&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u6f14\u793a<\/h4>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a demo.txt \u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c 1 \u884c&#xff1a;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8<br \/>\n\u7b2c 2 \u884c&#xff1a;\u6b63\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#8230;<br \/>\n\u7b2c 3 \u884c&#xff1a;Error: \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25&#xff01;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528 cat demo.txt&#xff0c;\u8f93\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f\u5c31\u662f 1 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528 tac demo.txt&#xff0c;\u8f93\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210&#xff1a;\u7b2c 3 \u884c&#xff1a;Error: \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25&#xff01;<br \/>\n\u7b2c 2 \u884c&#xff1a;\u6b63\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#8230;<br \/>\n\u7b2c 1 \u884c&#xff1a;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6700\u7231\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u65e5\u5fd7\u9006\u5411\u6392\u67e5<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee&#xff1a;\u65e2\u7136\u6709 tail \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u5c3e\u90e8&#xff0c;\u8981 tac \u5e72\u561b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>tac \u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5a01\u529b&#xff0c;\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u914d\u5408\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 | \u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u6700\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199\u5165\u7684&#xff08;\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5728\u6700\u4e0b\u9762&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528 cat \u914d\u5408 grep \u641c\u62a5\u9519&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u5f00\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u641c&#xff0c;\u628a\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u9648\u5e74\u8001 Bug \u6700\u5148\u5217\u51fa\u6765\u7ed9\u4f60\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f31f; \u6740\u624b\u7ea7\u7ec4\u5408\u6280&#xff1a;\u627e\u51fa\u201c\u6700\u65b0\u201d\u7684 5 \u4e2a\u62a5\u9519\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9519\u8bef\u601d\u8def&#xff08;\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u662f\u6700\u8001\u7684&#xff09;&#xff1a;<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> error.log <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Exception&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-n<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<li>\u6b63\u786e\u601d\u8def&#xff08;\u77ac\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7684&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u540e\u5f80\u524d\u641c&#xff09;&#xff1a;<span class=\"token comment\"># \u5148\u7528 tac \u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u9996\u5c3e\u7ffb\u8f6c&#xff0c;\u518d\u7528 grep \u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u622a\u53d6\u524d 5 \u884c<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">tac<\/span> error.log <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Exception&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-n<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u6392\u67e5\u7ebf\u4e0a C&#043;&#043; \u670d\u52a1\u5d29\u6e83\u65e5\u5fd7\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6781\u5176\u4f18\u96c5\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u9ed1\u5ba2\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3. &#x1f4a1; \u6781\u5ba2\u51b7\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff1a;tac \u4e0e rev \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u624b\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6 Linux \u91cc\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u533a\u5206&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>tac&#xff08;\u6309\u884c\u5782\u76f4\u7ffb\u8f6c&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u4fdd\u6301\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u884c\u4e0e\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u98a0\u5012\u3002&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>rev (Reverse &#8211; \u6309\u5b57\u7b26\u6c34\u5e73\u7ffb\u8f6c)&#xff1a; \u4fdd\u6301\u884c\u4e0e\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u5de6\u53f3\u5b8c\u5168\u98a0\u5012&#xff01;\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bd4\u5982\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u4e00\u884c\u662f hello world\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ecf\u8fc7 rev \u5904\u7406\u540e&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa dlrow olleh\u3002 (\u6ce8&#xff1a;rev \u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u811a\u672c&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u505a\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\/\u5b57\u7b26\u6df7\u6dc6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u65e5\u5e38\u6392\u67e5\u5f88\u5c11\u7528\u5230\u3002)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>echo\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4e4b\u524d\u8bb2\u7684 cat \u662f\u5f80\u5916\u5012\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u201c\u503e\u5012\u673a\u201d&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48 echo \u5c31\u662f Linux \u91cc\u7684 \u201c\u6269\u97f3\u5668\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u6781\u5176\u5355\u7eaf&#xff1a;\u4f60\u8ba9\u5b83\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u6253\u5370\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u53d8\u91cf<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u5355\u7eaf\u6253\u5370\u6587\u672c&#xff08;\u6700\u57fa\u7840&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello, Linux!&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u7ec8\u7aef\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;Hello, Linux!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u52a0\u4e0d\u52a0\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6587\u672c\u91cc\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u52a0\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002)<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u2b50 \u7ed3\u5408\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5feb\u901f\u5199\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6781\u9ad8\u9891\u7528\u6cd5&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e4b\u524d\u8bb2 cat &gt; test.txt \u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u5417&#xff1f;echo \u914d\u5408\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7b26\u53f7&#xff08;&gt; \u548c &gt;&gt;&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8ffd\u52a0\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u6b66\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5355\u5927\u4e8e\u53f7 &gt;&#xff08;\u8986\u76d6\u5199\u5165&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u539f\u5185\u5bb9&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u521b\u5efa\u3002<span class=\"token comment\"># \u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b C&#043;&#043; \u57fa\u7840\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u6e90\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;int main() { return 0; }&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> main.cpp\n <\/li>\n<li>\u53cc\u5927\u4e8e\u53f7 &gt;&gt;&#xff08;\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199\u5165&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ffd\u52a0\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5148\u6e05\u7a7a\u539f\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002&gt;&gt; \u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u8bc1\u201c\u53e6\u8d77\u4e00\u884c\u201d&#xff0c;\u662f\u5426\u51fa\u73b0\u6362\u884c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u548c\u672c\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5e26\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002<span class=\"token comment\"># \u5f80\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\u65b0\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u914d\u7f6e<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;192.168.1.100 server_node&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;&gt;<\/span> \/etc\/hosts\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff08;\u5fc5\u987b\u638c\u63e1&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u6216\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a76\u7adf\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c&#xff0c;echo \u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9996\u9009&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PATH&#xff08;\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\u627e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token environment constant\">$PATH<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b Shell \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d&#xff08;\u591a\u6570\u666e\u901a\u767b\u5f55\u573a\u666f\u4e0e whoami \u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u4f46 su\/sudo \u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token environment constant\">$USER<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e cd ~ \u7136\u540e pwd&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token environment constant\">$HOME<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(\u6ce8&#xff1a;Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5728\u5355\u8bcd\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a $ \u7b26\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002)<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u56db&#xff1a;\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570 -e&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u539f\u751f\u7684 echo \u662f\u4e0d\u61c2\u6362\u884c\u6216\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u5b83\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u50cf \\\\n (\u6362\u884c) \u6216 \\\\t (Tab \u7f29\u8fdb) \u8fd9\u6837\u7684 C \u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a -e (enable interpretation of backslash escapes) \u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260813001727-6a7d0d17c00e3.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f4a1; \u6781\u5ba2\u51b7\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff1a;\u6e05\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u4f18\u96c5\u201d\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a 10GB \u7684\u5de8\u578b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u60f3\u8981\u77ac\u95f4\u6e05\u7a7a\u5b83\u4f46\u53c8\u4fdd\u7559\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab&#xff08;\u4e0d\u8981\u5220\u6389\u91cd\u5efa&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u514d\u7834\u574f\u6b63\u5728\u5199\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53e5\u67c4&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u7528 rm\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 echo \u77ac\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u201c\u6d17\u767d\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u76f4\u63a5\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a 0 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> huge_error.log<\/p>\n<p>echo &#034;&#034; &gt; huge_error.log \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u7b26&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u662f 0 \u5b57\u8282&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u6e05\u7a7a\u5230 0 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 &gt; huge_error.log \u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h3>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u524d\u9762\u8bb2 echo \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5df2\u7ecf\u77a5\u89c1\u4e86 &gt; \u548c &gt;&gt; \u7684\u8eab\u5f71&#xff0c;\u90a3\u54b1\u4eec\u5c31\u987a\u52bf\u628a Linux \u4e2d\u6781\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7684 \u201c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#xff08;Redirection&#xff09;\u201d \u673a\u5236\u5f7b\u5e95\u8bb2\u900f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#xff0c;\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b&#xff1a;\u628a Linux \u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6c34\u6cf5\u201d&#xff0c;\u800c\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6c34\u6d41\u201d\u3002 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c34\u6cf5\u4ece\u201c\u952e\u76d8\u201d\u62bd\u6c34&#xff08;\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u628a\u6c34\u6392\u5230\u201c\u5c4f\u5e55\u201d\u4e0a&#xff08;\u6253\u5370\u8f93\u51fa&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u672c\u8d28&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u624b\u52a8\u63a5\u4e86\u51e0\u6839\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff0c;\u5f3a\u884c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6c34\u6d41\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u8ba4\u8bc6 Linux \u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u201c\u6c34\u7ba1\u63a5\u53e3\u201d&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>0 (Standard Input &#8211; stdin)&#xff1a;\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u952e\u76d8&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>1 (Standard Output &#8211; stdout)&#xff1a;\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u5c4f\u5e55\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u663e\u793a&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>2 (Standard Error &#8211; stderr)&#xff1a;\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e5f\u662f\u5c4f\u5e55&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u6765\u663e\u793a\u62a5\u9519\u4fe1\u606f&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1. \u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#xff08;\u6539\u53d8\u6392\u51fa\u7684\u6c34\u6d41&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u628a\u539f\u672c\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;\u5b58\u5165\u786c\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u5355\u5927\u4e8e\u53f7 &gt;&#xff1a;\u8986\u76d6\u8f93\u51fa (Overwrite)<\/h5>\n<p>\u52a8\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u521b\u5efa&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u6beb\u4e0d\u7559\u60c5\u5730\u6e05\u7a7a\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5c06 ls \u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-lah<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> dir_list.txt<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5c06\u7f16\u8bd1\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#xff08;\u6bcf\u6b21\u7f16\u8bd1\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u65e7\u7684 build.log&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\ng&#043;&#043; main.cpp <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> build.log<\/p>\n<h5>\u53cc\u5927\u4e8e\u53f7 &gt;&gt;&#xff1a;\u8ffd\u52a0\u8f93\u51fa (Append)<\/h5>\n<p>\u52a8\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u521b\u5efa&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5219\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ffd\u52a0\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5148\u6e05\u7a7a\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u3002&gt;&gt;\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u201c\u53e6\u8d77\u4e00\u884c\u201d&#xff0c;\u6362\u884c\u7531\u5b9e\u9645\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5c06\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u73b0\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Server started at <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">date<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span>&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;&gt;<\/span> server.log<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#xff08;\u6539\u53d8\u62bd\u6c34\u7684\u6c34\u6e90&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8ba9\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u518d\u7b49\u5f85\u4f60\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u6572\u5b57&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u201c\u5438\u201d\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u5355\u5c0f\u4e8e\u53f7 &lt;&#xff1a;\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h5>\n<p>\u52a8\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6d41&#xff0c;\u5582\u7ed9\u524d\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u6570\u6307\u4ee4 wc (word count)\u3002-l \u8868\u793a\u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u6570<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u5199\u6cd5A&#xff1a;\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u7ed9\u5b83<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">wc<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-l<\/span> config.json<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a; 120 config.json  (\u5b83\u77e5\u9053\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5b57)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5199\u6cd5B&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#xff0c;\u628a\u5185\u5bb9\u201c\u704c\u201d\u7ed9\u5b83<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">wc<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-l<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> config.json<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a; 120  (\u5b83\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6c34\u662f\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u7684&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u6d41\u8fc7\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u884c)<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>\u53cc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u53f7 &lt;&lt;&#xff1a;\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165 (Here Document)<\/h5>\n<p>\u52a8\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u4e4b\u524d\u8bb2\u7684\u5355\u5c0f\u4e8e\u53f7 &lt;&#xff0c;\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3001\u5199\u597d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u704c\u7ed9\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u4e13\u95e8\u53bb\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u60f3\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5199\u811a\u672c\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u4e34\u65f6\u624b\u6572\u4e00\u5927\u6bb5\u5305\u542b\u56de\u8f66\u6362\u884c\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5582\u7ed9\u547d\u4ee4\u3002&lt;&lt; \u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5e72\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684&#xff0c;\u5b83\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u91cc\u4e34\u65f6\u5207\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u591a\u884c\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u5165\u6846\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u8bfb\u53d6&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c&#xff08;\u6216\u811a\u672c&#xff09;\u91cc\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u591a\u884c\u6587\u672c&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u4f60\u6572\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u201c\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u201d&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7528 EOF&#xff0c;\u5373 End Of File&#xff09;\u4e3a\u6b62&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5927\u5757\u6587\u672c\u4e00\u5e76\u5582\u7ed9\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u591a\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4 <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> \u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u8bb0<br \/>\n\u591a\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\n\u591a\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\n\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u8bb0<\/p>\n<p> \u9047\u5230 EOF \u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u5582\u7ed9 cat&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u518d\u901a\u8fc7 <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> \u5199\u5165 nginx.conf<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">EOF<span class=\"token bash punctuation\"> <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> nginx.conf<\/span><br \/>\nserver {<br \/>\n    listen 80;<br \/>\n    server_name localhost;<br \/>\n    root \/var\/www\/html;<br \/>\n}<br \/>\nEOF<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(\u5f53\u4f60\u6572\u4e0b\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a EOF \u5e76\u56de\u8f66\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6574\u4e2a\u591a\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u5c31\u88ab\u77ac\u95f4\u5199\u597d\u4e86&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u662f\u6781\u5176\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u3002)<\/p>\n<h4>3. &#x1f6a8; \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8fdb\u9636&#xff1a;\u5206\u79bb\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u51fa\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u62a5\u9519\u4fe1\u606f\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f C&#043;&#043; \u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e2d\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u5751&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e13\u4e1a\u5ea6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u6838\u5fc3\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b&#xff1a;\u4e24\u6839\u6392\u8840\u7ba1 \u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fd0\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u7f16\u8bd1\u4ee3\u7801 g&#043;&#043; main.cpp&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u4e24\u6839\u5411\u5916\u55b7\u6c34\u7684\u7ba1\u5b50&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e24\u6839\u7ba1\u5b50\u90fd\u5bf9\u51c6\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u201c\u5c4f\u5e55\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1\u53f7\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff08;\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa stdout&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u5410\u51fa\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>2\u53f7\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff08;\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef stderr&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e13\u95e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u5410\u51fa\u62a5\u9519\u3001\u8b66\u544a\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u4f1a\u8e29\u5751&#xff1f; \u5f53\u4f60\u6267\u884c g&#043;&#043; main.cpp &gt; build.log \u65f6&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u7801\u6709\u9519&#xff0c;\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u62a5\u9519\u4fe1\u606f\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u5237\u5c4f&#xff0c;\u800c build.log \u91cc\u9762\u7a7a\u7a7a\u5982\u4e5f&#xff01; \u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e&#xff1a; \u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u7528\u7684\u5355\u5927\u4e8e\u53f7 &gt;&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b9e\u662f 1&gt; \u7684\u7b80\u5199\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u79fb\u52a8\u4e86 1\u53f7\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff0c;\u628a\u5b83\u63a5\u5230\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u3002\u800c\u55b7\u5410\u9519\u8bef\u7684 2\u53f7\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff0c;\u4f9d\u7136\u5bf9\u51c6\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7cbe\u51c6\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u4e24\u6839\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f A&#xff1a;\u6211\u53ea\u8981\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff08;\u6b63\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f\u7559\u5c4f\u5e55&#xff0c;\u62a5\u9519\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u592a\u591a\u4e86&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u60f3\u628a\u62a5\u9519\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u6162\u6162\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 <span class=\"token operator\"><span class=\"token file-descriptor important\">2<\/span>&gt;<\/span> \u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u660e\u786e\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u201c2\u53f7\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff08;\u62a5\u9519&#xff09;\u201d&#xff0c;\u628a\u5b83\u63d2\u8fdb error.log \u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u3002<br \/>\n \u81f3\u4e8e <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span>\u53f7\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff08;\u6b63\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u78b0\u5b83&#xff0c;\u5b83\u8fd8\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u51fa\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002<br \/>\ng&#043;&#043; main.cpp <span class=\"token operator\"><span class=\"token file-descriptor important\">2<\/span>&gt;<\/span> error.log<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f B&#xff1a;\u5c06\u4e24\u6839\u6c34\u7ba1\u5408\u5e76&#xff08;\u6781\u5176\u9ad8\u9891&#xff01;\u6b63\u5e38\u548c\u62a5\u9519\u5168\u90fd\u8981&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u4f60\u60f3\u628a\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u9519&#xff0c;\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u5b58\u8fdb\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e8b\u540e\u590d\u76d8\u6392\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5199\u6cd5 1&#xff1a;\u8001\u624b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5199\u6cd5&#xff08;\u7406\u89e3\u539f\u7406&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>g&#043;&#043; main.cpp <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> full_build.log <span class=\"token operator\"><span class=\"token file-descriptor important\">2<\/span>&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token file-descriptor important\">&amp;1<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5806\u4e71\u7801\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7b26\u53f7 &gt; full_build.log 2&gt;&amp;1 \u5230\u5e95\u5728\u5e72\u561b&#xff1f;\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u4e24\u6b65\u770b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>&gt; full_build.log&#xff1a;\u5148\u628a 1\u53f7\u6c34\u7ba1 \u63a5\u5230\u4e86 full_build.log \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>2&gt;&amp;1&#xff1a;\u628a 2\u53f7\u6c34\u7ba1 \u63a5\u5230 1\u53f7\u6c34\u7ba1 \u73b0\u5728\u7684\u901a\u9053\u91cc\u3002&#xff08;\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 &amp; \u662f\u5173\u952e&#xff0c;\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 1 \u6307\u7684\u662f 1\u53f7\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u4f5c 1 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u201d&#xff09;\u3002 \u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f&#xff1a;\u4e24\u6839\u6c34\u7ba1\u6c47\u6d41\u4e86&#xff0c;\u7edf\u7edf\u6d41\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u5199\u6cd5 2&#xff1a;\u73b0\u4ee3 Bash \u7684\u6781\u7b80\u5199\u6cd5&#xff08;\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350&#xff0c;\u5c0f\u767d\u798f\u97f3&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p> \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&gt;<\/span> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u6280&#xff0c;\u610f\u601d\u662f&#xff1a;\u201c\u522b\u7ba1 <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span>\u53f7\u8fd8\u662f <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span>\u53f7\u4e86&#xff0c;\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5411\u5916\u7684\u6c34\u7ba1\u5168\u90e8\u7ed9\u6211\u7ed1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77&#xff0c;\u585e\u8fdb\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc&#xff01;\u201d<br \/>\ng&#043;&#043; main.cpp <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&gt;<\/span> full_build.log<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f C&#xff1a;\u4e22\u8fdb\u9ed1\u6d1e&#xff08;\u773c\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e3a\u51c0&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>Linux \u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u5947\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u53eb\u505a \/dev\/null\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u6210\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3001\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u586b\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u5783\u573e\u6876\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u6254\u8fdb\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u77ac\u95f4\u9500\u6bc1&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5360\u4efb\u4f55\u786c\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002 \u5f53\u4f60\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u5570\u55e6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u4e14\u4f60\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u786e\u5b9a\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u770b\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> \u628a\u6240\u6709\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff08;<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&gt;<\/span>&#xff09;\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u51c6\u9ed1\u6d1e&#xff0c;\u4f60\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c4f\u5e55\u5c06\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e05\u51c0&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5783\u573e\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n.\/run_noisy_server <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&gt;<\/span> \/dev\/null<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u9053|<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u628a\u6c34\u7ba1\u63a5\u5230\u4e86 \u201c\u6c34\u6876&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u201d \u91cc&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 | &#xff08;\u952e\u76d8\u56de\u8f66\u952e\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ad6\u7ebf&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6c34\u7ba1\u63a5\u5230\u4e86 \u201c\u4e0b\u4e00\u53f0\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5668&#xff08;\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4&#xff09;\u201d \u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f Linux \u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u3001\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff1a;\u201c\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ea\u505a\u597d\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e32\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6bd4\u55bb<\/h4>\n<p>\u52a8\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u5c06\u5de6\u8fb9\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa&#xff08;stdout&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53f3\u8fb9\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165&#xff08;stdin&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u55bb&#xff1a;\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u6761\u5de5\u5382\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u673a\u5668 A \u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u82f9\u679c\u4ece\u6811\u4e0a\u6447\u4e0b\u6765&#xff08;\u8f93\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u673a\u5668 B \u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u70c2\u82f9\u679c\u6311\u51fa\u53bb&#xff08;\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6570\u636e&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u673a\u5668 C \u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u597d\u82f9\u679c\u88c5\u7bb1\u6253\u5305&#xff08;\u622a\u53d6\u6216\u7edf\u8ba1&#xff09;\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ba1\u9053&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5f97\u5148\u7528\u673a\u5668 A \u628a\u82f9\u679c\u5168\u5806\u5728\u5730\u4e0a&#xff08;\u5199\u8fdb\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u518d\u8ba9\u673a\u5668 B \u4ece\u5730\u4e0a\u6361\u8d77\u6765\u6311\u2026\u2026\u6709\u4e86\u7ba1\u9053&#xff0c;\u673a\u5668 A \u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u7740\u673a\u5668 B \u7684\u5165\u53e3&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u5728\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4e0d\u843d\u5730&#xff0c;\u77ac\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u5904\u7406&#xff01;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u6307\u4ee4A <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> \u6307\u4ee4B <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> \u6307\u4ee4C <span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>(\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u91cf\u5730\u4e32\u8054\u4e0b\u53bb&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u6709\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u80fd\u63a5\u6536\u8f93\u5165\u3002)<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<p>\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5df2\u7ecf\u6084\u6084\u7528\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4e86\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u914d\u5408 grep \u53d8\u8eab\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u8981\u6572\u65e0\u6570\u904d\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span>. \u5728\u5bc6\u5bc6\u9ebb\u9ebb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u627e\u51fa\u540d\u53eb nginx \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> aux <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> nginx<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span>. \u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u91cc&#xff0c;\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e <span class=\"token function\">docker<\/span> \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">history<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">docker<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span>. \u770b\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5305\u542b <span class=\"token string\">&#034;python&#034;<\/span> \u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305&#xff08;\u4ee5 Ubuntu \u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff09;<br \/>\ndpkg <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-l<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> python<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u914d\u5408 less \u6216 more \u9632\u6b62\u201c\u5237\u5c4f\u7206\u70b8\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>\u5f53\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5410\u51fa\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u884c\u6570\u636e\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u628a\u5b83\u5582\u7ed9 less&#xff0c;\u6162\u6162\u7ffb\u9875\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b \/etc \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u8be6\u7ec6\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5237\u5c4f<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-lah<\/span> \/etc <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">less<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u914d\u5408 wc \u53d8\u8eab\u201c\u7edf\u8ba1\u795e\u5668\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6307\u4ee4&#xff1a;wc (Word Count)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u4e0a -l (lines) \u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u6765\u201c\u6570\u884c\u6570\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u7ec4\u5408\u6280&#xff1a;\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff1f;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-1<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wc<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-l<\/span><br \/>\n <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ls \u5410\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;wc \u628a\u5410\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u884c\u6570\u6570\u4e00\u904d<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p> \u7ec4\u5408\u6280&#xff1a;\u7edf\u8ba1\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc&#xff0c;\u5230\u5e95\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u6b21 <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Error&#034;<\/span>&#xff1f;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> system.log <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Error&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wc<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-l<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u56db&#xff1a;\u7ec4\u5408\u622a\u53d6&#xff08;Head \/ Tail&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u7ec4\u5408\u6280&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u6700\u5927\u7684\u524d 5 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-lS<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-n<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># (ls -lS \u6309\u5927\u5c0f\u5012\u5e8f\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u4ea4\u7ed9 head \u53ea\u622a\u53d6\u524d 5 \u884c)<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4. &#x1f6a8; \u6838\u5fc3\u8fa8\u6790&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u9053 | vs \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 &gt;<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u52a1\u5fc5\u7262\u8bb0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 &gt;&#xff1a;\u5de6\u8fb9\u662f\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u53f3\u8fb9\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u274c ls &gt; grep &#xff08;\u5927\u9519\u7279\u9519&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb \u201cgrep\u201d \u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u5199\u8fdb\u53bb&#xff01;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 ls &gt; file.txt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ba1\u9053 |&#xff1a;\u5de6\u8fb9\u662f\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u53f3\u8fb9\u5fc5\u987b\u4e5f\u662f\u6307\u4ee4&#xff08;\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u80fd\u63a5\u6536\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6307\u4ee4&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u274c ls | file.txt &#xff08;\u5927\u9519\u7279\u9519&#xff0c;\u201cfile.txt\u201d \u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519 command not found&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 ls | grep &#034;txt&#034;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>&#x1f4a1; \u6781\u5ba2\u7ec8\u6781\u7ec4\u5408&#xff1a;\u53c8\u60f3\u63a5\u7ba1\u5b50&#xff0c;\u53c8\u60f3\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;tee \u6307\u4ee4&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42&#xff1a;\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u6211\u65e2\u60f3\u8ba9\u5b83\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f20\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668&#xff0c;\u53c8\u60f3\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u8282 \u201c\u5206\u6d41\u201d \u4e00\u4efd\u5b58\u8fdb\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u5907\u4efd\u3002 \u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u8981\u7528\u5230 T\u578b\u6c34\u7ba1&#xff1a;tee\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u4ea4\u7ed9 <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> \u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff0c;\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u5b58\u8fdb error_backup.log \u6587\u4ef6\u91cc<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> \/var\/log\/syslog <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;ERROR&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">tee<\/span> error_backup.log<\/p>\n<p>\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u7ba1\u9053&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u4ece\u201c\u53ea\u4f1a\u6572\u5355\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684 Linux \u7528\u6237\u201d&#xff0c;\u6b63\u5f0f\u8fdb\u9636\u4e3a\u201c\u80fd\u50cf\u642d\u79ef\u6728\u4e00\u6837\u64cd\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 Linux \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u201d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>more\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>more \u662f Linux \u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5206\u9875\u9605\u8bfb\u5668&#xff08;Pager&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230 cat \u9047\u5230\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u75af\u72c2\u5237\u5c4f\u5361\u6b7b\u7ec8\u7aef\u5417&#xff1f;more \u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u662f&#xff1a;\u628a\u957f\u7bc7\u5927\u8bba\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u4e00\u9875\u4e00\u9875&#xff08;\u4e00\u5c4f\u4e00\u5c4f&#xff09;\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u7ed9\u4f60\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">more<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<br \/>\n-n\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u2f8f\u6570&#xff08; <span class=\"token function\">more<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-10<\/span> temp.txt&#xff09;<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u5feb\u6377\u952e&#xff08;\u8fdb\u53bb\u540e\u600e\u4e48\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u6572\u4e0b more \u5e76\u56de\u8f66\u540e&#xff0c;\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e95\u90e8\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c &#8211;More&#8211;(15%) \u7684\u8fdb\u5ea6\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u6b64\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6309\u952e\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9605\u8bfb&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Space&#xff08;\u7a7a\u683c\u952e&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0b\u7ffb\u4e00\u9875\u3002&#xff08;\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u7684\u6309\u952e&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>Enter&#xff08;\u56de\u8f66\u952e&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0b\u7ffb\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>b&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0a\u7ffb\u4e00\u9875&#xff08;Back&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/\u5173\u952e\u5b57&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>q&#xff1a;\u9000\u51fa&#xff08;Quit&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u56de\u5230\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u7ed3\u5408\u201c\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 |\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5 more \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u5e76\u4e0d\u7b97\u6700\u591a&#xff0c;more \u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62e6\u622a\u5668&#xff0c;\u62e6\u622a\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5de8\u91cf\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd Linux \u4e2d\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 |&#xff08;\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u5f53\u6210\u6c34\u6d41\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u5165\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u91cc&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cc\u6709 2000 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6572 ls -lah \u4e5f\u4f1a\u5237\u5c4f\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4ea4\u7ed9 more&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-lah<\/span> \/etc <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">more<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5148\u5217\u51fa \/etc \u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5237\u5c4f&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u663e\u793a\u6ee1\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4f\u5c31\u505c\u4e0b\u6765&#xff0c;\u7b49\u4f60\u6309\u7a7a\u683c\u7ffb\u9875\u3002)<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u7ffb\u9605\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h5>\n<p>\u4f60\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u6572\u4e86 5000 \u6761\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u60f3\u4ece\u5934\u6162\u6162\u627e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">history<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">more<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> aux <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">more<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4. &#x1f4a1; \u7ec8\u6781\u6781\u5ba2\u5e38\u8bc6&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8001\u624b\u90fd\u5728\u7528 less&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8457\u540d\u7684\u51b7\u7b11\u8bdd&#xff1a;\u201cless is more\u201d&#xff08;\u5c11\u5373\u662f\u591a&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6781\u7b80\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53e3\u53f7&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u771f\u5b9e\u7684 Linux \u6307\u5357\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u521d\u7684 more \u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u964b&#xff0c;\u5b58\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u786c\u4f24&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u53ea\u80fd\u5f80\u4e0b\u770b&#xff0c;\u5f80\u56de\u770b\u5f88\u8d39\u52b2&#xff1a;\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u7ed3\u5408\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 | \u4f7f\u7528\u65f6&#xff0c;\u65e9\u671f\u7684 more \u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6309 b \u5f80\u56de\u7ffb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u770b\u5b8c\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa&#xff1a;\u5f53\u4f60\u7ffb\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u65f6&#xff0c;more \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u628a\u4f60\u8e22\u56de\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u505c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u770b&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u95ea\u800c\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u6b8b\u7559\u518d\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a<\/li>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75db\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4eec\u5199\u51fa\u4e86 less \u6307\u4ee4\u3002 less \u5b8c\u5168\u5305\u542b\u4e86 more \u7684\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ffb\u9875\u6781\u5176\u4e1d\u6ed1&#xff08;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u952e\u76d8\u7684 \u2191 \u2193 \u7bad\u5934&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 PageUp \/ PageDown&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ffb\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u4f60\u4e3b\u52a8\u6309 q\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u641c\u7d22\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a; more \u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5206\u9875\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u952e\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4eca\u5929&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u7684\u952e\u76d8\u80fd\u6572\u51fa less&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5c3d\u91cf\u7528 less \u66ff\u4ee3 more\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>less \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>less \u662f Linux \u4e2d\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u5206\u9875\u9605\u8bfb\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b8c\u5168\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e86 more \u7684\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982\u51e0\u5341 GB \u7684 C&#043;&#043; \u62a5\u9519\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216 Nginx \u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u9996\u9009\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf&#xff08;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u662f\u738b\u8005&#xff1f;&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6781\u901f\u52a0\u8f7d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5403\u5185\u5b58&#xff1a;\u4e0e cat \u6216\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;less \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u6587\u4ef6\u662f 1KB \u8fd8\u662f 100GB&#xff0c;\u5b83\u90fd\u80fd\u77ac\u95f4\u6253\u5f00&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u52a0\u8f7d\u5f53\u524d\u5c4f\u5e55\u9700\u8981\u663e\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9605\u540e\u5373\u711a&#xff08;\u4e0d\u810f\u5c4f\u5e55&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5f53\u4f60\u6309 q \u9000\u51fa less \u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u628a\u521a\u624d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u4ece\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u62b9\u9664&#xff0c;\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u7684\u5e72\u51c0\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf cat \u6216 more \u90a3\u6837\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u5927\u4e32\u6587\u5b57\u5e72\u6270\u4f60\u7684\u89c6\u7ebf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">less<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<br \/>\n\u2022-i \u5ffd\u7565\u641c\u7d22\u65f6\u7684\u2f24\u2f29\u5199<br \/>\n\u2022-N \u663e\u2f70\u6bcf\u2f8f\u7684\u2f8f\u53f7<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u201c\u6307\u6cd5\u201d&#xff08;\u5feb\u6377\u952e&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u6253\u5f00 less \u540e&#xff0c;\u4f60\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9605\u8bfb\u5668&#xff0c;\u638c\u63e1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7a7f\u68ad\u81ea\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>&#x1f31f; \u57fa\u7840\u7ffb\u9875&#xff08;\u4e1d\u6ed1\u4e0a\u4e0b&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Space \/ PageDown&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0b\u7ffb\u4e00\u9875\u3002<\/li>\n<li>b \/ PageUp&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0a\u7ffb\u4e00\u9875&#xff08;Back&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u2193 \/ Enter&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0b\u6eda\u52a8\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u2191 \/ k&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0a\u6eda\u52a8\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>&#x1f680; \u5feb\u901f\u8df3\u8f6c<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>g&#xff1a;\u77ac\u95f4\u56de\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>G&#xff1a;\u77ac\u95f4\u8df3\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c&#xff08;\u770b\u6700\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u65f6\u6781\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>&#x1f50d; \u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u529f\u80fd<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\/\u5173\u952e\u8bcd&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u8bcd\u7684\u884c\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u6572\u51fb\u56de\u8f66\u540e&#xff0c;\u6309 n (next) \u627e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a&#xff0c;\u6309 N (\u5927\u5199) \u627e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>?\u5173\u952e\u8bcd&#xff1a;\u5411\u4e0a\u641c\u7d22\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u8bcd\u7684\u884c&#xff08;\u7528\u6cd5\u540c\u4e0a&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>&#x1f6aa; \u9000\u51fa<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>q&#xff1a;\u9000\u51fa\u9605\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;Quit&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. \u8fdb\u9636\u795e\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5&#xff08;\u6392\u67e5\u7ebf\u4e0a Bug \u5fc5\u5907&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u663e\u2f70\u6bcf\u2f8f\u7684\u2f8f\u53f7&#xff08;\u52a0\u4e0a -N&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u4ea4\u6d41\u201c\u67d0\u67d0\u6587\u4ef6\u7b2c\u51e0\u884c\u62a5\u9519\u201d\u65f6&#xff0c;\u884c\u53f7\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">less<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-N<\/span> config.xml<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u5145\u5f53\u7ba1\u9053\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668&#xff08;\u7ed3\u5408 |&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u548c more \u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4f60\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7528 less \u62e6\u4f4f\u5b83\u6162\u6162\u770b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7528 less \u5206\u9875&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \/ \u641c\u7d22\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> aux <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">less<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u53d6\u4ee3 tail -f \u5b9e\u65f6\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff08;\u6781\u5ba2\u4e13\u5c5e&#xff1a;&#043;F&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7528 tail -f error.log \u6765\u5b9e\u65f6\u6eda\u52a8\u770b\u65b0\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u4f46 less \u4e5f\u80fd\u505a\u5230&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u5f3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">less<\/span> &#043;F error.log<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fdb\u5165\u540e&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u50cf tail -f \u4e00\u6837\u5b9e\u65f6\u6eda\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4e0b Ctrl &#043; C&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u6eda\u52a8&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u4f60\u7559\u5728\u539f\u5730\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 \/ \u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u952e\u7ffb\u770b\u521a\u624d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u770b\u5b8c\u4e86&#xff0c;\u6309\u4e0b F (\u5927\u5199)&#xff0c;\u5b83\u53c8\u4f1a\u6062\u590d\u5b9e\u65f6\u6eda\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff01;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>head\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u4ecb\u7ecd cat \u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u54b1\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8&#xff08;\u6700\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff09;\u7684 tail&#xff0c;\u90a3\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u63d0\u5b83\u7684\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u5144\u5f1f&#xff1a;head\u3002<\/p>\n<p>head \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u767d&#xff1a;\u63d0\u53d6\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u51e0\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u5341\u4e07\u884c\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 CSV \u8868\u683c&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f60\u60f3\u770b\u770b\u5b83\u7684\u8868\u5934\u90fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684 C&#043;&#043; \u6e90\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5934\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;#include&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7528 head \u77ac\u95f4\u5c31\u80fd\u641e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u67e5\u770b&#xff08;\u6700\u5f00\u5934 10 \u884c&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;head \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5207\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7684 10 \u884c\u6253\u5370\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b C&#043;&#043; \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934 10 \u884c&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7248\u6743\u58f0\u660e\u6216 include \u5217\u8868&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> main.cpp<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u6570&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570 -n&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97 10 \u884c\u4e0d\u591f&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u770b\u7b2c 1 \u884c&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 -n&#xff08;number&#xff09;\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u53ea\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span> \u884c<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-n<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span> config.json<\/p>\n<p> \u6781\u7b80\u5199\u6cd5&#xff08;\u7701\u7565 -n&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u6a2a\u6760\u52a0\u6570\u5b57&#xff0c;\u8001\u624b\u6700\u7231&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-20<\/span> config.json<\/p>\n<p> \u53ea\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> \u884c&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u8868\u5934&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-1<\/span> data.csv<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u622a\u53d6&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570 -c&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u6309\u201c\u884c\u201d\u622a\u53d6&#xff0c;head \u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u201c\u5b57\u8282\u201d\u622a\u53d6\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6216\u8005\u4ece \/dev\/urandom&#xff08;Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u5668&#xff09;\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u622a\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u524d <span class=\"token number\">100<\/span> \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-c<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">100<\/span> binary_file.bin<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8fdb\u9636\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u7ed3\u5408\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 |<\/h4>\n<p>head \u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0d\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u201c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6cd5 A&#xff1a;\u63d0\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u524d\u51e0\u884c \u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u4f60\u60f3\u770b\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6700\u5927\u7684 5 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7528 ls \u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea4\u7ed9 head \u622a\u53d6\u524d 5 \u4e2a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-lS<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-5<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6cd5 B&#xff1a;head \u4e0e tail \u7684\u68a6\u5e7b\u8054\u52a8&#xff08;\u63d0\u53d6\u4e2d\u95f4\u5185\u5bb9&#xff09; \u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6709 1000 \u884c&#xff0c;\u4f60\u521a\u597d\u60f3\u770b\u7b2c 100 \u884c\u5230\u7b2c 120 \u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u600e\u4e48\u529e&#xff1f; \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7528 head \u628a\u524d 120 \u884c\u5207\u4e0b\u6765&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7528 tail \u628a\u8fd9 120 \u884c\u91cc\u7684\u6700\u540e 21 \u884c&#xff08;\u5373\u7b2c 100 \u5230 120 \u884c&#xff09;\u5207\u4e0b\u6765&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">head<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-120<\/span> server.log <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-21<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>tail \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u521a\u624d\u804a\u5b8c\u4e86 head&#xff08;\u770b\u5f00\u5934&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u90a3\u5c31\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u6765\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u2014\u2014tail\u3002<\/p>\n<p>tail \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u662f&#xff1a;\u63d0\u53d6\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u51e0\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d&#xff0c;tail \u7684\u51fa\u573a\u7387\u8981\u8fdc\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e head\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u62a5\u9519\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u6c38\u8fdc\u90fd\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u672b\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u67e5\u770b&#xff08;\u6700\u672b\u5c3e 10 \u884c&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;tail \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5207\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u540e\u9762\u7684 10 \u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> server.log<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u6570&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570 -n&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u548c head \u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u60f3\u770b\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u6700\u540e 50 \u884c<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-n<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">50<\/span> error.log<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u6781\u7b80\u5199\u6cd5&#xff08;\u8001\u624b\u6700\u7231&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u7701\u7565 -n&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-50<\/span> error.log<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;&#x1f31f; \u7075\u9b42\u529f\u80fd \u2014\u2014 \u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570 -f&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f tail \u6307\u4ee4\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u7684\u7528\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002-f \u4ee3\u8868 follow&#xff08;\u8ddf\u968f&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u6392\u67e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u8fb9\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff0c;\u4e00\u8fb9\u770b\u540e\u53f0\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-f<\/span> access.log<\/p>\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u540e&#xff0c;\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u505c\u7559\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u5230\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c31\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u5b9e\u65f6\u6eda\u52a8\u6253\u5370\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u9000\u51fa&#xff1f; \u5f53\u4f60\u67e5\u5b8c\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u6309\u4e0b\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684 Ctrl &#043; C \u5373\u53ef\u7ec8\u6b62\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u9000\u56de\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u56db&#xff1a;\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u672b\u5c3e&#xff08;\u5e26 &#043; \u53f7\u7684\u5947\u6280\u6deb\u5de7&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bf4\u660e&#xff0c;\u4ece\u7b2c 100 \u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u76f4\u770b\u5230\u6700\u540e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u524d\u9762\u7684 &#043; \u53f7&#xff0c;\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u7b2c 100 \u884c\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u4e00\u76f4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7ed3\u5c3e\u201d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-n<\/span> &#043;100 data.csv<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u8fdb\u9636\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357&#xff1a;\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u4e0e\u5927\u5199 -F<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7531\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5927&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5207\u5272\u201d&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982\u5230\u4e86\u534a\u591c 12 \u70b9&#xff0c;\u628a error.log \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a error.log.1&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684 error.log \u7ee7\u7eed\u5199&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u7528 tail -f error.log \u76ef\u7740\u5c4f\u5e55&#xff0c;\u800c\u6070\u597d\u78b0\u4e0a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5207\u5272\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u539f\u751f\u7684 -f \u662f\u8ba4\u6b7b\u7406\u7684&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7684\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8282\u70b9&#xff08;inode&#xff09;\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u6539\u540d\u8f6c\u79fb&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u6b7b\u6b7b\u76ef\u7740\u90a3\u4e2a\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c06\u518d\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u65b0\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b7b\u673a\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ec8\u6781\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5&#xff08;-F \u53c2\u6570&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u5728\u770b\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7\u65f6&#xff0c;\u517b\u6210\u4f7f\u7528 \u5927\u5199 -F&#xff08;\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e &#8211;follow&#061;name &#8211;retry&#xff09;\u7684\u4e60\u60ef&#xff1a;<span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-F<\/span> error.log<br \/>\n \u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u4f7f\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5220\u4e86\u3001\u6539\u540d\u4e86&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u7684\u65b0 error.log&#xff0c;tail \u5c31\u4f1a\u6781\u5176\u806a\u660e\u5730\u81ea\u52a8\u5207\u6362\u8fc7\u53bb&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e3a\u4f60\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ffd\u8e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>date \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>date \u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u767d&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u6572\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u773c\u73b0\u5728\u51e0\u70b9\u4e86&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6572 date \u5c31\u80fd\u641e\u5b9a\u3002\u4f46\u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u52a8\u5316 Shell \u811a\u672c\u65f6&#xff0c;date \u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8f6c\u6362\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u8003\u70b9&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed9\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">date<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>&#043;\u683c\u5f0f<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;\u6700\u57fa\u7840&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u65f6\u533a\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">date<\/span><br \/>\n \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;2026\u5e74 04\u6708 <span class=\"token number\">15<\/span>\u65e5 \u661f\u671f\u4e09 09:54:53 CST<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u2b50 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa&#xff08;\u5199\u811a\u672c\u7edd\u5bf9\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f date \u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002date \u547d\u4ee4\u91cc\u7684 &#043; \u8868\u793a&#xff1a;\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u201c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u8bf4\u660e\u201d&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u544a\u8bc9 date \u6309\u7167\u4ec0\u4e48\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u4f60\u60f3\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a backup_20260415.tar.gz \u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># 1. \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u683c\u5f0f (\u5e74-\u6708-\u65e5 \u65f6:\u5206:\u79d2)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">date<\/span> &#043;<span class=\"token string\">&#034;%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;2026-04-15 09:54:53<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># 2. \u7eaf\u6570\u5b57\u7d27\u51d1\u683c\u5f0f&#xff08;\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">date<\/span> &#043;<span class=\"token string\">&#034;%Y%m%d_%H%M%S&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;20260415_095453<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u80cc\u683c\u5f0f\u7b26&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>%Y&#xff1a;\u56db\u4f4d\u6570\u5e74\u4efd&#xff08;\u5982 2026&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>%m&#xff1a;\u4e24\u4f4d\u6570\u6708\u4efd&#xff08;01~12&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>%d&#xff1a;\u4e24\u4f4d\u6570\u65e5\u671f&#xff08;01~31&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>%H&#xff1a;24\u5c0f\u65f6\u5236\u7684\u5c0f\u65f6&#xff08;00~23&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>%M&#xff1a;\u5206\u949f&#xff08;00~59&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>%S&#xff1a;\u79d2&#xff08;00~59&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>%X:\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e%H:%M:%S<\/li>\n<li>%F:\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e%Y-%m-%d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;&#x1f31f; \u73a9\u8f6c Unix \u65f6\u95f4\u6233 (Epoch Time)<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 Unix \u65f6\u95f4\u6233&#xff08;\u4ece 1970 \u5e74 1 \u6708 1 \u65e5 00:00:00 UTC \u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u603b\u79d2\u6570&#xff09;\u3002date \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f7b\u677e\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1. \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7684 Unix \u65f6\u95f4\u6233&#xff08;\u52a0 %s&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">date<\/span> &#043;%s<br \/>\n \u8f93\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c&#xff1a;1776218093<\/p>\n<p>2. \u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8f6c\u6362\u56de\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;\u7528 -d \u53c2\u6570&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a 1776218093 \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233&#xff0c;\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u51e0\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> \u6ce8\u610f\u524d\u9762\u8981\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a &#064; \u7b26\u53f7<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">date<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-d<\/span> &#064;1776218093<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f\u56db&#xff1a;\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u7b97&#xff08;\u65f6\u5149\u673a\u529f\u80fd&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6392\u67e5\u201c\u6628\u5929\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u201d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u7b97\u95f0\u5e74\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5c0f\u6708&#xff0c;\u8ba9 date -d \u5e2e\u4f60\u7b97&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u6628\u5929\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u51e0\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">date<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-d<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;yesterday&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b 3 \u5929\u524d\u662f\u51e0\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">date<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-d<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;3 days ago&#034;<\/span> &#043;<span class=\"token string\">&#034;%Y-%m-%d&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u67e5\u770b\u4e0b\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u4eca\u5929\u662f\u51e0\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">date<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-d<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;next month&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. \u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4<\/h4>\n<p>\u867d\u7136 date \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6781\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83&#xff0c;\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e8c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&#xff08;root&#xff09;\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684 Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u8fd0\u884c\u7740 NTP&#xff08;\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u95f4\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u548c\u5168\u7403\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u65f6\u3002\u5f3a\u884c\u624b\u52a8\u4fee\u6539\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u96c6\u7fa4\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540c\u6b65\u3001SSL \u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff09;\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/li>\n<p>(\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff1a;sudo date -s &#034;2026-04-15 10:00:00&#034;)<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728 Shell \u811a\u672c\u91cc\u8fd9\u6837\u505a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>start&#061;$(date &#043;%s)<br \/>\n# \u6267\u884c\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f &#8230;<br \/>\nend&#061;$(date &#043;%s)<br \/>\necho &#034;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8017\u65f6&#xff1a;$((end &#8211; start)) \u79d2&#034;<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;date -d &#043;%s\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a; \u8bb0\u4f4f date &#043;&#034;%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S&#034; \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e32&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca date &#043;%s \u53d6\u65f6\u95f4\u6233&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6280\u80fd\u8db3\u4ee5\u5e94\u4ed8 99% \u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4e86&#xff01;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>cal \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>cal&#xff08;calendar \u7684\u7f29\u5199&#xff09;\u662f Linux \u548c Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7ecf\u5178\u4e14\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5386\u3002\u867d\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u7b80\u5355&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f cal \u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u6613\u9519\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">cal<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u65e5<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u6708<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u5e74<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5728\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u65e5\u5386&#xff0c;\u5e76\u9ad8\u4eae\u663e\u793a\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6307\u5b9a\u5e74\u4efd&#xff1a;cal 2024&#xff08;\u663e\u793a 2024 \u5e74\u5168\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u5386&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6307\u5b9a\u5e74\u6708&#xff1a;cal 5 2024&#xff08;\u663e\u793a 2024 \u5e74 5 \u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6307\u5b9a\u5e74\u6708\u65e5&#xff1a;cal 15 5 2024&#xff08;\u663e\u793a 2024 \u5e74 5 \u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u4ec5\u6307\u5b9a\u5e74\u6708\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u56e0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7248\u672c\u800c\u5f02&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248&#xff08;\u5982 Ubuntu \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 GNU \u7248\u4e0e macOS \u7684 BSD \u7248&#xff09;\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u7565\u6709\u5fae\u8c03&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u901a\u7528\u4e14\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>-3 (Three months) \u663e\u793a\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u6708\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u505a\u5b63\u5ea6\u89c4\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token function\">cal<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-3<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-y (Year) \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5e74\u4efd\u5168\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u3002\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e cal [\u5f53\u524d\u5e74\u4efd]\u3002<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token function\">cal<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-y<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-m (Monday) \u5c06\u661f\u671f\u4e00\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u5468\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u663e\u793a&#xff08;\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5c06\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token function\">cal<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-m<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-j (Julian days) \u663e\u793a\u201c\u5112\u7565\u65e5\u201d&#xff08;Julian calendar days&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5373\u7528\u4e00\u5e74\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u5929&#xff08;1-365 \u6216 366&#xff09;\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 1-31 \u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u65e5\u671f\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u9694\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token function\">cal<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-j<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-w (Week number) (\u90e8\u5206\u7248\u672c\u652f\u6301) \u5728\u65e5\u5386\u65c1\u8fb9\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u662f\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u5468\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b 1&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u6708\u65e5\u5386<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">cal<\/span><br \/>\n      May <span class=\"token number\">2024<\/span><br \/>\nSu Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa<br \/>\n          <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span><br \/>\n <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">6<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">7<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">8<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">9<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">11<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">12<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">13<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">14<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">15<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">16<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">17<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">18<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">19<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">21<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">22<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">23<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">24<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">25<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">26<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">27<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">28<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">29<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">30<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b 2&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u7279\u5b9a\u6708\u4efd&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982\u67e5\u770b 2023 \u5e74 8 \u6708&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">cal<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">8<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2023<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b 3&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u5112\u7565\u65e5&#xff08;\u770b\u770b 12 \u6708 31 \u65e5\u662f\u7b2c\u51e0\u5929&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">cal<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-j<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">12<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2023<\/span><br \/>\n         December <span class=\"token number\">2023<\/span><br \/>\n Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat<br \/>\n                       <span class=\"token number\">335<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">336<\/span><br \/>\n <span class=\"token number\">337<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">338<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">339<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">340<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">341<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">342<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">343<\/span><br \/>\n <span class=\"token number\">344<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">345<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">346<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">347<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">348<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">349<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">350<\/span><br \/>\n <span class=\"token number\">351<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">352<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">353<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">354<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">355<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">356<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">357<\/span><br \/>\n <span class=\"token number\">358<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">359<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">360<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">361<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">362<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">363<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">364<\/span><br \/>\n <span class=\"token number\">365<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4. \u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u5751\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u60f3\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e00\u5e74 12 \u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u4e0b\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u8f93\u5165&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">cal<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5e74\u4efd\u7684 12 \u6708&#xff01; \u5982\u679c\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57&#xff0c;cal \u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u5e74\u4efd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 cal 12 \u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u516c\u5143 12 \u5e74\u7684\u5168\u5e74\u65e5\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9519\u8bef\u505a\u6cd5&#xff1a;cal 12&#xff08;\u67e5\u770b\u516c\u5143 12 \u5e74&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5&#xff1a;cal 12 2024&#xff08;\u67e5\u770b 2024 \u5e74 12 \u6708&#xff09;\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 -m \u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d cal -m 12 \u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a 12\u6708&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>5. \u8fdb\u9636\u62d3\u5c55&#xff1a;ncal \u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u548c macOS \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u9644\u5e26\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4 ncal&#xff08;New Calendar&#xff09;\u3002 \u5b83\u548c cal \u7c7b\u4f3c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6392\u7248\u662f\u5782\u76f4\u7684&#xff0c;\u661f\u671f\u51e0\u5728\u5de6\u4fa7&#xff0c;\u65e5\u671f\u5411\u53f3\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>$ ncal<br \/>\n    May <span class=\"token number\">2024<\/span><br \/>\nSu     <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">12<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">19<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">26<\/span><br \/>\nMo     <span class=\"token number\">6<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">13<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">27<\/span><br \/>\nTu     <span class=\"token number\">7<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">14<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">21<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">28<\/span><br \/>\nWe  <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">8<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">15<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">22<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">29<\/span><br \/>\nTh  <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">9<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">16<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">23<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">30<\/span><br \/>\nFr  <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">17<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">24<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">31<\/span><br \/>\nSa  <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">11<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">18<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<p>ncal \u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982 -e&#xff08;\u663e\u793a\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u65e5\u671f&#xff09;\u6216\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u5468\u6570\u663e\u793a\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c cal \u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6392\u7248\u9700\u6c42&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528 ncal\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>find \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>find \u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e2d\u5b9e\u65f6\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6781\u5176\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u67e5\u627e&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u5728\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f find \u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u67e5\u627e\u8def\u5f84<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u67e5\u627e\u6761\u4ef6<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u4f5c<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67e5\u627e\u8def\u5f84&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u627e\u3002 &#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5199&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;.&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u627e\u6761\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u6309\u4ec0\u4e48\u89c4\u5219\u627e&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982\u6309\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u6309\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6309\u65f6\u95f4&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u627e\u5230\u4e4b\u540e\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u52a8\u4f5c\u662f\u6253\u5370\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a&#xff08;-print&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5220\u9664\u3001\u590d\u5236\u6216\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u5e38\u7528\u67e5\u627e\u6761\u4ef6&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>&#x1f539; \u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u67e5\u627e<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>-name &#034;\u6a21\u5f0f&#034;&#xff1a;\u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7cbe\u786e\u67e5\u627e&#xff08;\u652f\u6301\u901a\u914d\u7b26 * \u548c ?&#xff09;\u3002\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u6a21\u5f0f\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765&#xff0c;\u9632\u6b62 Shell \u63d0\u524d\u89e3\u6790\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-iname &#034;\u6a21\u5f0f&#034;&#xff1a;\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u67e5\u627e&#xff08;i \u4ee3\u8868 ignore case&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>&#x1f539; \u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u67e5\u627e (-type)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>-type f&#xff1a;\u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6 (file)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-type d&#xff1a;\u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55 (directory)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-type l&#xff1a;\u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5 (link)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>&#x1f539; \u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u67e5\u627e (-size)<\/h5>\n<p>\u5355\u4f4d\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 c (\u5b57\u8282), k (KB), M (MB), G (GB)\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-size &#043;100M&#xff1a;\u67e5\u627e\u5927\u4e8e 100MB \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-size -10k&#xff1a;\u67e5\u627e\u5c0f\u4e8e 10KB \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-size 50M&#xff1a;\u67e5\u627e\u521a\u597d\u7b49\u4e8e 50MB \u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u8f83\u5c11\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>&#x1f539; \u6309\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u67e5\u627e (-mtime \/ -mmin)<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u8fd0\u7ef4\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002mtime \u6309\u5929\u7b97&#xff0c;mmin \u6309\u5206\u949f\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-mtime &#043;7&#xff1a;\u67e5\u627e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u5728 7\u5929\u4ee5\u524d \u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5373 7 \u5929\u5185\u672a\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u6e05\u7406\u8001\u65e7\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-mtime -7&#xff1a;\u67e5\u627e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u5728 7\u5929\u4ee5\u5185 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6700\u8fd1 7 \u5929\u5185\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-mtime 7&#xff1a;\u67e5\u627e\u521a\u597d\u5728\u7b2c 7 \u5929\u524d\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>&#x1f539; \u6309\u6df1\u5ea6\u67e5\u627e&#xff08;\u4f18\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u901f\u5ea6&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>-maxdepth n&#xff1a;\u6700\u591a\u641c\u7d22\u5230\u7b2c n \u5c42\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002-maxdepth 1 \u8868\u793a\u53ea\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u627e&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5165\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u5904\u7406\u52a8\u4f5c&#xff08;\u8fdb\u9636\u5a01\u529b&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u540e&#xff0c;find \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u53d1\u53f7\u65bd\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-delete&#xff1a;\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff01;&#xff08;\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u52a1\u5fc5\u5148\u4e0d\u52a0 -delete \u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u904d&#xff0c;\u786e\u8ba4\u627e\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\u518d\u52a0&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u540e\u679c\u4e25\u91cd&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-exec \u6307\u4ee4 {} \\\\;&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 Shell \u6307\u4ee4\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>{}&#xff1a;\u4ee3\u8868 find \u627e\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002(\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684)<\/li>\n<li>\\\\;&#xff1a;\u662f -exec \u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u5fd7&#xff08;\\\\; \u4e2d\u7684 \\\\ \u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8f6c\u4e49 ;,\u56e0\u4e3a ; \u672c\u8eab\u5728 Shell \u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u201d \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5206\u53f7&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>exec \u547d\u4ee4 <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> \\\\<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    # \u4e00\u822c&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21<br \/>\n<span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>exec \u547d\u4ee4 <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span>     # \u6279\u91cf&#xff1a;\u4e00\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\\\\ \u53cd\u659c\u6760&#xff1a;\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u8f6c\u4e49&#xff0c;\u5982 \\\\n\u3001\\\\t\u3001\\\\\\\\ \/ \u6b63\u659c\u6760&#xff1a;\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u9664\u6cd5\u3001\u6ce8\u91ca\u4ee5\u53ca Linux \u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u5b9e\u6218\u9ad8\u9891\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<p>\u573a\u666f 1&#xff1a;\u627e\u9057\u5fd8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 \u201c\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u6709\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u53eb config \u4ec0\u4e48\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u653e\u54ea\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5305\u542b config \u7684\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> \/ <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-type<\/span> f <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*config*&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f 2&#xff1a;\u6e05\u7406\u8001\u65e7\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff08;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ef4\u62a4\u5fc5\u5907&#xff09; \u201c\u627e\u51fa \/var\/log \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7 30 \u5929\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u7684 .log \u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> \/var\/log <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*.log&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-type<\/span> f <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-mtime<\/span> &#043;30 <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-delete<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f 3&#xff1a;\u5bfb\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6392\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8\u5360\u7528&#xff09; \u201c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86 500MB&#xff1f;\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">.<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-type<\/span> f <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-size<\/span> &#043;500M<\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f 4&#xff1a;\u6279\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650 \u201c\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 HTML \u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u6539\u4e3a 644\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">.<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-type<\/span> f <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*.html&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-exec<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">chmod<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">644<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">\\\\<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f 5&#xff1a;\u62f7\u8d1d\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55 \u201c\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56fe\u7247 (.jpg) \u590d\u5236\u5230 \/backup\/images\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">.<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*.jpg&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-type<\/span> f <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-exec<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">cp<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> \/backup\/images\/ <span class=\"token punctuation\">\\\\<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>5.find \u6307\u4ee4\u987a\u5e8f\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u201c\u6f5c\u89c4\u5219\u201d&#xff1a;<\/h4>\n<h5>1) \u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u201c\u77ed\u8def\u6c42\u503c\u201d (Short-Circuit)<\/h5>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7&#xff0c;find \u5904\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f0f\u6597&#xff0c;\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u4f9d\u6b21\u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff1a; A\u6761\u4ef6 \u6ee1\u8db3 -&gt; \u7ee7\u7eed\u770b B\u6761\u4ef6 \u6ee1\u8db3 -&gt; \u7559\u4e0b\u6765 \u4e00\u65e6\u524d\u9762\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u518d\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2&#xff09; \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6&#xff08;Tests&#xff09;\u7684\u987a\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u5f71\u54cd\u6548\u7387<\/h5>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u7684&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5199\u6cd5 A&#xff1a;find . -type f -name &#034;*.jpg&#034; &#xff08;\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u518d\u770b\u540d\u5b57&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5199\u6cd5 B&#xff1a;find . -name &#034;*.jpg&#034; -type f &#xff08;\u5148\u770b\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u4e0d\u662f .jpg&#xff0c;\u518d\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u533a\u5206\u987a\u5e8f&#xff1f;\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u6781\u81f4\u7684\u901f\u5ea6&#xff01;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6709 10,000 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u53ea\u6709 5 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5 .jpg \u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u7528\u5199\u6cd5 A&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 10,000 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u201d&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4ece\u4e2d\u6311\u51fa\u540d\u5b57\u5bf9\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u7528\u5199\u6cd5 B&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5148\u770b\u540d\u5b57&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u5c31\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u4e86 9,995 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b 5 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff1a;\u628a\u6700\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u6392\u9664\u5e72\u6270\u9879\u7684\u6761\u4ef6&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u662f -name \u6216 -maxdepth&#xff09;\u653e\u5728\u6700\u524d\u9762&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9 find \u8dd1\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u904d\u5386\u542b\u6709\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>6. \u65b0\u624b\u6613\u9519\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c0f\u6280\u5de7<\/h4>\n<li>\u201c\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u591f\u201d\u5237\u5c4f&#xff1a;\u5728\u975e root \u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u5168\u5c40\u641c\u7d22\u65f6&#xff08;\u5982 find \/ &#8230;&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5927\u91cf Permission denied \u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f60\u770b\u4e0d\u6e05\u771f\u6b63\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u6280\u5de7&#xff1a;\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a 2&gt;\/dev\/null&#xff0c;\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e22\u5f03\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;find \/ -name &#034;mycode.py&#034; 2&gt;\/dev\/null<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5fd8\u8bb0\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7&#xff1a;\u5199\u6210 find . -name *.txt\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u521a\u597d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a .txt \u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;Shell \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5176\u5c55\u5f00&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4 find \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f find . -name a.txt&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u62a5\u9519\u6216\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 txt \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u89c4\u8303&#xff1a;\u6c38\u8fdc\u5199\u6210 find . -name &#034;*.txt&#034;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a; find \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684 -o \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n<p>-o \u662f find \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6216&#xff08;OR&#xff09; \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u771f&#xff0c;\u6574\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5c31\u4e3a\u771f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> \u8def\u5f84 \u6761\u4ef61 <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> \u6761\u4ef62<\/p>\n<p>\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e&#xff1a;\u6761\u4ef61 OR \u6761\u4ef62<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u89c4\u5219&#xff08;\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>find \u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u62ec\u53f7 ( &#8230; ) \u2014\u2014 \u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/li>\n<li>-not (\u6216 !)&#xff1a;\u903b\u8f91\u975e&#xff0c;\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e -a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-a&#xff08;\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e&#xff09; \u2014\u2014 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u9690\u542b&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982 -type f -name &#034;*.txt&#034; \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f -type f -a -name &#034;*.txt&#034;<\/li>\n<li>-o&#xff08;\u903b\u8f91\u6216&#xff09; \u2014\u2014 \u6700\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/li>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u70b9&#xff1a;-a \u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e -o\u3002 \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f53\u4f60\u5199\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> \/home <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-type<\/span> f <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*t*&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*f*&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>( -type f -a -name &#034;*t*&#034; ) -o -name &#034;*f*&#034;<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u76f4\u89c9\u7684&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>-type f -a ( -name &#034;*t*&#034; -o -name &#034;*f*&#034; )<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u793a\u4f8b\u4e0e\u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<h5>\u274c \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;\u60f3\u627e \/home \u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5305\u542b t \u6216 f \u7684\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> \/home <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-type<\/span> f <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*t*&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*f*&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5de6\u8fb9&#xff1a;\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e14\u540d\u5b57\u542b t<\/li>\n<li>\u53f3\u8fb9&#xff1a;\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b&#xff08;\u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u7b49&#xff09;\u4e14\u540d\u5b57\u542b f \u2192 \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u5b57\u542b f \u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u2705 \u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u7528\u62ec\u53f7\u5f3a\u5236\u6539\u53d8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> \/home <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-type<\/span> f <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*t*&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*f*&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728 -type f \u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u7684 OR \u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;\u627e\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u542b t \u6216\u542b f&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u274c \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;\u60f3\u627e\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b t \u548c f \u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u9650&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">.<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-type<\/span> f <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*t*f*&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*f*t*&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>( -type f -a -name &#034;*t*f*&#034; ) -o -name &#034;*f*t*&#034;<\/p>\n<p>\u2192 \u53f3\u8fb9\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5b57\u542b *f*t* \u7684\u6761\u76ee&#xff08;\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u2705 \u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">.<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-type<\/span> f <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*t*f*&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*f*t*&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4. -o \u7684\u77ed\u8def\u884c\u4e3a<\/h4>\n<p>-o \u9075\u5faa\u77ed\u8def\u6c42\u503c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5148\u8bc4\u4f30\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5de6\u8fb9\u4e3a\u771f&#xff0c;\u5219\u4e0d\u518d\u8bc4\u4f30\u53f3\u8fb9&#xff08;\u56e0\u4e3a OR \u5df2\u6ee1\u8db3&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5de6\u8fb9\u4e3a\u5047&#xff0c;\u624d\u8bc4\u4f30\u53f3\u8fb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">.<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*.bak&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-exec<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">\\\\<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f88\u5371\u9669&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e -a \u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e -o&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728 -name &#034;*.bak&#034; \u4e3a\u5047\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684 -exec rm {} \\\\;&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5220\u9664\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f .bak \u7684\u5339\u914d\u9879\u3002\u539f\u4ee3\u7801\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u51ed\u76f4\u89c9\u7406\u89e3 -o \u7684\u77ed\u8def\u3002\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u9002\u5408\u89c2\u5bdf\u77ed\u8def\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">.<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*.txt&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-print<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u4e0d\u662f .txt \u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de6\u8fb9\u4e3a\u5047\u65f6\u624d\u6267\u884c -print&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5. \u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528 -a \u548c -o<\/h4>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u663e\u5f0f\u5199\u4e86 -a&#xff0c;\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4ecd\u7136\u9ad8\u4e8e -o&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u62ec\u53f7\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u4e8e 1M \u4e14&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5305\u542b log \u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u5728 7 \u5929\u5185&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> \/var\/log <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-size<\/span> &#043;1M <span class=\"token punctuation\">\\\\<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*log*&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-mtime<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-7<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">\\\\<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6ca1\u6709\u62ec\u53f7\u7684\u8bdd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> \/var\/log <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-size<\/span> &#043;1M <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-name<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;*log*&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-mtime<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-7<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u7b49\u4e8e&#xff1a;( -size &#043;1M -a -name &#034;*log*&#034; ) -o -mtime -7&#xff0c;\u542b\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>-o \u8868\u793a OR\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-a&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9690\u542b&#xff09;\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e -o\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u603b\u662f\u7528 \\\\( &#8230; \\\\) \u5c06 -o \u4e24\u8fb9\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u62ec\u8d77\u6765&#xff0c;\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u6e05\u695a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0e -type f \u7b49\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u65f6&#xff0c;\u628a -type f \u653e\u5728\u62ec\u53f7\u5916\u9762&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a OR \u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u62ec\u53f7\u540e&#xff0c;-o \u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ec4\u5408\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790 Linux \u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u4e0e\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u901a\u914d\u7b26&#xff08;Wildcards&#xff09; \u548c \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff08;Regular Expressions, \u7b80\u79f0 Regex&#xff09; \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u957f\u5f97\u50cf&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u90fd\u7528\u5230\u4e86 * \u548c ?&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u5339\u914d\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u4e3b\u4f53&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u914d\u7b26&#xff1a;\u4e3b\u8981\u7531 Shell&#xff08;\u5982 Bash&#xff09; \u89e3\u6790&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u4e3b\u8981\u7531 \u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177&#xff08;\u5982 grep, awk, sed, vim \u7b49&#xff09;\u89e3\u6790&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff0c;\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e00\u3001 Linux \u901a\u914d\u7b26 (Wildcards \/ Globbing)<\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u914d\u7b26&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53eb\u5168\u5c40\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff08;Globbing&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u662f Linux\/Unix Shell \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5339\u914d\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u662f&#xff1a;\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e0d\u7528\u6572\u5168\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u6279\u91cf\u9009\u4e2d\u4e00\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5e26\u6709\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u5982 ls *.txt&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;Shell \u4f1a\u5148\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u957f\u957f\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4ea4\u7ed9\u547d\u4ee4\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>1. \u5e38\u7528\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7b26\u53f7<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>*&#xff08;\u661f\u53f7&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26 &#xff08;\u65b0\u95fb&#xff09; \u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u3001\u5a01\u529b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868 0 \u4e2a\u30011 \u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ls *.txt&#xff1a;\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 .txt \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982 a.txt, hello.txt&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ls data*&#xff1a;\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 data \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5305\u542b data \u672c\u8eab&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a * \u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868 0 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ls *report*&#xff1a;\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u5305\u542b report \u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>rm *&#xff1a;\u26a0\ufe0f \u6781\u5176\u5371\u9669&#xff01; \u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>?&#xff08;\u95ee\u53f7&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e25\u683c\u5339\u914d\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26 ? \u53ea\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u521a\u597d 1 \u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f 0 \u4e2a&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u957f\u5ea6\u56fa\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u4f46\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ls file?.txt&#xff1a;\u4f1a\u5339\u914d file1.txt, fileA.txt\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5339\u914d file10.txt&#xff08;\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5339\u914d file.txt&#xff08;\u7f3a\u5c11\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ls ???.log&#xff1a;\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u540d\u5b57\u521a\u597d\u662f 3 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 .log \u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982 app.log, err.log&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>[ ]&#xff08;\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26 \u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5b57\u7b26\u6c60\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u6c60\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ls file[123].txt&#xff1a;\u53ea\u5339\u914d file1.txt, file2.txt, file3.txt\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ls [0-9]*.txt&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 &#8211; \u8868\u793a\u8303\u56f4&#xff0c;\u5339\u914d\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ls file[!0-9].txt \u6216 ls file[^0-9].txt&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528 ! \u6216 ^ \u8868\u793a\u53d6\u53cd&#xff0c;\u5339\u914d fileA.txt \u7b49&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5254\u9664\u5e26\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>{ }&#xff08;\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6269\u5c55\/\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408 (Brace Expansion) \u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;{} \u4e0d\u7b97\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5339\u914d\u578b\u201d\u901a\u914d\u7b26&#xff0c;\u5b83\u53eb\u6269\u5c55\u7b26\u3002* \u548c ? \u662f\u53bb\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u627e\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u800c {} \u662f\u8ba9 Shell \u51ed\u7a7a\u751f\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7ec4\u5408&#xff0c;\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6279\u91cf\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>touch {a,b,c}.txt&#xff1a;\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u6267\u884c touch a.txt b.txt c.txt\u3002<\/li>\n<li>cp config.yaml{,.bak}&#xff1a;\u9ad8\u9636\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6280\u5de7&#xff0c;\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e cp config.yaml config.yaml.bak&#xff08;\u9017\u53f7\u524d\u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u8868\u539f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>mkdir -p 2024\/{01..12}&#xff1a;\u5229\u7528\u53cc\u70b9\u53f7 .. \u8868\u793a\u5e8f\u5217&#xff0c;\u4e00\u952e\u521b\u5efa 12 \u4e2a\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2. \u901a\u914d\u7b26&#xff1a;\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684 3 \u4e2a\u5927\u5751<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u274c \u5751 1&#xff1a;\u628a\u201c\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u201d\u5f53\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u201d \u5728\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u4e2d&#xff0c;* \u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26&#xff1b;\u4f46\u5728\u6b63\u5219\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u662f .&#xff08;\u70b9\u53f7&#xff09;&#xff0c;* \u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u8bcd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u274c \u5751 2&#xff1a;\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;Dotfiles&#xff09; \u5728 Linux \u4e2d\u4ee5 . \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8f93\u5165 rm *&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5220\u9664 .bashrc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u4e13\u95e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u70b9\u53f7&#xff1a;ls .*<\/li>\n<li>\u274c \u5751 3&#xff1a;\u5728 find \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5fd8\u8bb0\u7ed9\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7 \u5982\u679c\u6267\u884c find . -name *.txt \u4e14\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u521a\u597d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a a.txt&#xff0c;Shell \u4f1a\u81ea\u4f5c\u4e3b\u5f20\u628a *.txt \u66ff\u6362\u6210 a.txt \u4f20\u7ed9 find&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u641c\u4e0d\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5\u662f find . -name &#034;*.txt&#034;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4e8c\u3001 \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f (Regular Expressions)<\/h4>\n<p>\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u533b\u751f\u7528\u7684\u624b\u672f\u5200&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u7cbe\u51c6\u5256\u6790\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u6216\u8005\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux \u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u5206\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff08;BRE&#xff09;\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff08;ERE&#xff0c;\u914d\u5408 grep -E \u6216 egrep \u4f7f\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>1. \u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7b26\u53f7<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>.&#xff08;\u70b9\u53f7&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u201d \u5728\u6b63\u5219\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u70b9\u53f7\u624d\u662f\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u91cc ? \u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u7269&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u9664\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>grep &#034;a.c&#034; file&#xff1a;\u5339\u914d abc, a1c, a-c \u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>^ \u548c $&#xff1a;\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26&#xff08;\u951a\u70b9&#xff09; \u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>grep &#034;^Error&#034; file.log&#xff1a;\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u4ee5 Error \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>grep &#034;done.$&#034; file.log&#xff1a;\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u4ee5 done. \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>grep &#034;^$&#034; file.log&#xff1a;\u5339\u914d\u7a7a\u884c&#xff08;\u884c\u9996\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u884c\u5c3e&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u91cf\u8bcd&#xff08;\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u63a7\u5236\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570 \u26a0\ufe0f \u6838\u5fc3\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a; \u6b63\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u91cf\u8bcd&#xff0c;\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u7d27\u6328\u7740\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u5355\u5143&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684&#xff01;(\u65b0\u6b63\u6587)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>* (\u5339\u914d 0 \u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21)&#xff1a;grep &#034;ab*c&#034; \u5339\u914d ac, abc, abbbc\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#043; (\u5339\u914d 1 \u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21&#xff0c;ERE)&#xff1a;grep -E &#034;ab&#043;c&#034; \u5339\u914d abc, abbbc&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u5339\u914d ac\u3002<\/li>\n<li>? (\u5339\u914d 0 \u6b21\u6216 1 \u6b21&#xff0c;ERE)&#xff1a;grep -E &#034;ab?c&#034; \u5339\u914d ac, abc&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u5339\u914d abbc\u3002<\/li>\n<li>{n,m} (\u5339\u914d n \u5230 m \u6b21&#xff0c;ERE)&#xff1a;grep -E &#034;[0-9]{3,5}&#034; \u5339\u914d\u8fde\u7eed\u51fa\u73b0 3 \u5230 5 \u6b21\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>[ ]\u3001| \u548c ( )&#xff1a;\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[ ] (\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6)&#xff1a;grep &#034;[a-zA-Z]&#034; \u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002[^0-9] \u5339\u914d\u975e\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/li>\n<li>| (\u903b\u8f91\u6216&#xff0c;ERE)&#xff1a;grep -E &#034;cat|dog&#034; \u5339\u914d\u5305\u542b cat \u6216 dog \u7684\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>( ) (\u5206\u7ec4&#xff0c;ERE)&#xff1a;grep -E &#034;(abc)&#043;&#034; \u5c06 abc \u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53&#xff0c;\u5339\u914d abc, abcabc \u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2. \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684 3 \u4e2a\u5927\u5751<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u274c \u5751 1&#xff1a;\u88f8\u7528 * \u53f7\u5bfc\u81f4\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25 \u65b0\u624b\u5e38\u60f3\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u4ee5 \u201cError\u201d \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5355\u8bcd&#xff0c;\u4e8e\u662f\u5199\u51fa grep &#034;*Error&#034; file\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u5219\u4e2d\u8fd9\u662f\u9519\u7684&#xff01;* \u524d\u9762\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed9\u5b83\u4fee\u9970\u3002 \u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;grep &#034;.*Error&#034; file&#xff08;. \u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;* \u4ee3\u8868\u8be5\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u65e0\u6570\u6b21&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5c31\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u91cc\u7684 * \u4e86&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u274c \u5751 2&#xff1a;\u5fd8\u8bb0\u8f6c\u4e49\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26 \u4f60\u60f3\u7cbe\u786e\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740 192.168.1.1&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u5199 grep &#034;192.168.1.1&#034;\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5b83\u8fde 192a168b1c1 \u4e5f\u5339\u914d\u4e86&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u70b9\u53f7 . \u5728\u6b63\u5219\u91cc\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26&#xff01; \u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8f6c\u4e49&#xff1a;grep &#034;192\\\\.168\\\\.1\\\\.1&#034;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u274c \u5751 3&#xff1a;\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u7b26\u53f7 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5199\u4e86 grep &#034;cat|dog&#034; file&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u83b7&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 grep \u53ea\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u7840\u6b63\u5219&#xff08;BRE&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b83\u628a | \u5f53\u6210\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002 \u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a -E \u53c2\u6570\u5f00\u542f\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u652f\u6301&#xff1a;grep -E &#034;cat|dog&#034; file \u6216\u4f7f\u7528 egrep\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4e09\u3001 \u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u70b9\u5bf9\u6bd4&#xff08;\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u770b\u61c2&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u5751\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u7167\u8fd9\u5f20\u8868&#xff0c;\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5339\u914d\u610f\u56fe\u5728\u201c\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u201d\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u5199 (\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u540d)\u5728\u201c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u201d\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u5199 (\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9)\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">?<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">.<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5339\u914d fileA.txt&#xff1a;\u901a\u914d\u7b26 file?.txt\u6b63\u5219 file.\\\\.txt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">*<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">.*<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5339\u914d all.txt \u7b49\u4efb\u610f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u901a\u914d\u7b26 *.txt\u6b63\u5219 ^.*\\\\.txt$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5339\u914d\u70b9\u53f7 . \u672c\u8eab<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">. (\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5373\u53ef)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\\\\. (\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u4e49)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5339\u914d a.txt&#xff1a;\u901a\u914d\u7b26 a.txt\u6b63\u5219 a\\\\.txt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u56db\u3001 \u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0e\u8fdb\u9636\u4f8b\u5916<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a \u201c\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5b57&#xff0c;\u800c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u201d \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u8bb0\u5fc6\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>1. \u65e5\u5e38 90% \u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6cd5\u5219<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u914d\u7b26 &#061; Shell \u5e2e\u4f60\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u6572\u4e0b rm *.txt \u65f6&#xff0c;Shell \u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u5168\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f &#061; \u5de5\u5177\u5e2e\u4f60\u627e\u6587\u672c\u3002 \u6572\u4e0b grep &#034;error&#034; file.log \u65f6&#xff0c;\u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u884c\u884c\u9605\u8bfb\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u957f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2. \u8fdb\u9636 10% \u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u5f53\u754c\u9650\u88ab\u6253\u7834&#xff08;\u5c0f\u4f8b\u5916&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u672c\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u5076\u5c14\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8e29\u8fc7\u754c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6b63\u5219\u4e5f\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff08;\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5f53\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u6d41\u5904\u7406&#xff09; \u5f53\u4f60\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8f93\u51fa\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6d41\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u53bb\u7b5b\u4e86&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ls | grep -E &#034;^file[0-9]\\\\.txt$&#034; &#xff08;ls \u5410\u51fa\u6587\u672c&#xff0c;grep \u7528\u6b63\u5219\u53bb\u63a5&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>find . -regex &#034;.*\\\\.txt$&#034; &#xff08;find \u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u5f15\u64ce&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u53bb\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u4e5f\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff08;Shell \u811a\u672c\u5185&#xff09; Bash \u811a\u672c\u672c\u8eab\u652f\u6301\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u53bb\u5224\u65ad\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8bfb\u5199\u786c\u76d8&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[[ &#034;hello.log&#034; &#061;&#061; *.log ]]&#xff08;Bash \u7279\u6709\u7684\u53cc\u4e2d\u62ec\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u5224\u65ad\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u5c3e&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>which \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>which \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u9014\u662f&#xff1a;\u6cbf\u7740 $PATH \u67e5\u627e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\u4f18\u5148\u627e\u5230\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u8868 Shell \u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u672c\u8d28<\/h4>\n<p>which \u5728\u5f88\u591a Linux \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5982 \/usr\/bin\/which&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u811a\u672c\u6216 Shell \u5305\u88c5\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6839\u636e $PATH \u67e5\u627e\u5916\u90e8\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u590d\u73b0 Shell \u7684\u5168\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u5165 ls \u65f6&#xff0c;Shell\u4f1a\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u6790&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c\u89e3\u6790&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u522b\u540d&#xff08;alias&#xff09;\u5c55\u5f00\u7b49\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u771f\u6b63\u67e5\u627e\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;Bash \u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u68c0\u67e5Shell \u51fd\u6570&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7136\u540e\u68c0\u67e5Shell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u5982 cd\u3001echo\u3001export&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u540e\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u54c8\u5e0c\/$PATH \u67e5\u627e\u5916\u90e8\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002which \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u80fd\u529b\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a which \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u56f4\u7ed5\u7b2c 4 \u6b65\u8fdb\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u89e3\u6790 $PATH \u4e3a\u4ee5\u5192\u53f7 : \u5206\u9694\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<li>\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u4f9d\u6b21\u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de<\/li>\n<li>\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de\u975e 0 \u72b6\u6001&#xff1b;\u662f\u5426\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53 which \u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u7684 which \u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u3002 \u6709\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a alias \u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5224\u65ad Bash \u6700\u7ec8\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 type -a \u547d\u4ee4 \u6216 command -V \u547d\u4ee4 \u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 Python 2 \u548c Python 3&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684 Node.js&#xff09;&#xff0c;which \u662f\u6392\u67e5\u201c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u8dd1\u54ea\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u201d\u7684\u5934\u53f7\u5229\u5668\u3002which \u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u5168\u76d8\u76f2\u76ee\u641c\u7d22&#xff08;\u90a3\u6837\u592a\u6162\u4e86&#xff0c;\u90a3\u662f find \u5e72\u7684\u4e8b&#xff09;<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">which<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u6307\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>whb&#064;bite-alicloud test<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">which<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">alias<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">ls<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;ls &#8211;color&#061;auto&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n\/usr\/bin\/ls<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>whb&#064;bite-alicloud test<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">which<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">pwd<\/span><br \/>\n\/usr\/bin\/pwd<\/p>\n<h4>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a; which \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f1a\u53d8\u5feb&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c which python \u65f6&#xff0c;which \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u8001\u8001\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5730\u53bb\u8bfb\u53d6\u4f60\u7684 $PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u91cc\u9762\u6709 10 \u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u6328\u4e2a\u53bb\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u67e5\u627e\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53eb python \u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21&#xff08;\u6162&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u8bfb\u53d6 \u786c\u76d8&#xff08;Disk&#xff09; \u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8bfb\u53d6\u7269\u7406\u786c\u76d8\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u795e\u52a9\u653b&#xff1a; Linux\/macOS \u7b49\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u975e\u5e38\u806a\u660e&#xff0c;\u5b83\u770b\u4f60\u521a\u67e5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u53eb\u4f5c Dentry \u548c Inode \u7f13\u5b58&#xff09;\u987a\u624b\u5b58\u5230 \u5185\u5b58&#xff08;RAM&#xff09; \u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21&#xff08;\u5feb&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u5f53\u4f60\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c which python \u65f6&#xff0c;which \u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e2a\u201c\u8001\u5b9e\u4eba\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u4f1a\u4ece\u5934\u628a $PATH \u91cc\u7684 10 \u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u67e5\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u4f46\u662f&#xff01;\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u62e6\u622a\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u628a\u76ee\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\u7529\u7ed9\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u8bfb\u5feb\u51e0\u4e07\u500d&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u611f\u89c9\u5b83\u201c\u53d8\u5feb\u4e86\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff1a;\u53d8\u5feb\u7684\u4e0d\u662f which \u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e86\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f13\u5b58\u4e86\u8def\u5f84\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b 1&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8def\u5f84 \u201c\u6211\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u6572\u51fb python \u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u7684&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u662f\u6211\u7528 Anaconda \u5b89\u88c5\u7684&#xff1f;\u201d<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">which<\/span> python<br \/>\n\/usr\/bin\/python   <span class=\"token comment\"># \u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u7684 python<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b 2&#xff1a;\u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5426\u5b89\u88c5 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u786e\u8ba4\u67d0\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u4e14\u914d\u7f6e\u597d\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 which \u6d4b\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">which<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">docker<\/span><br \/>\n\/usr\/bin\/docker   <span class=\"token comment\"># \u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u4e14\u5728 PATH \u4e2d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">which<\/span> magic_tool<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u51fa&#xff08;\u6216\u63d0\u793a not found&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u6ca1\u5b89\u88c5\u6216\u6ca1\u52a0\u5230\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u91cc<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. \u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;-a (All)<\/h4>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;which \u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4f60\u7684 $PATH \u91cc&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 -a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u6392\u67e5\u7248\u672c\u51b2\u7a81 \u201c\u6211\u660e\u660e\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u65b0\u7248 Node.js&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u8fd8\u662f\u65e7\u7248&#xff1f;\u201d<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">which<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-a<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">node<\/span><br \/>\n\/usr\/local\/bin\/node    <span class=\"token comment\"># \u7cfb\u7edf\u5148\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a&#xff08;\u65e7\u7248&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n\/home\/user\/.nvm\/versions\/node\/v18.0.0\/bin\/node  <span class=\"token comment\"># \u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u4f60\u60f3\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u7248<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6392\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;\u56e0\u4e3a \/usr\/local\/bin \u5728 $PATH \u4e2d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5728\u524d\u9762&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f18\u5148\u7528\u4e86\u65e7\u7248\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u987a\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u5220\u6389\u65e7\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u5751\u201d\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/h4>\n<h5>\u274c \u5751 1&#xff1a;\u627e\u4e0d\u7740\u201cShell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>which \u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9 $PATH \u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Shell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u522b\u540d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u663e\u793a\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a which \u5f53\u6210\u5224\u65ad\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">which<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u63d0\u793a no cd in (&#8230;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u56e0&#xff1a;cd\u3001history \u7b49\u5c5e\u4e8e Shell \u5185\u7f6e\u529f\u80fd&#xff1b;echo\u3001pwd \u7b49\u867d\u7136\u5e38\u6709 Shell \u5185\u7f6e\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \/usr\/bin\/echo\u3001\/usr\/bin\/pwd \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u274c \u5751 2&#xff1a;\u627e\u4e0d\u7740\u201c\u522b\u540d (alias)\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728 .bashrc \u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 alias ll&#061;&#039;ls -l&#039;&#xff0c;\u67d0\u4e9b which \u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a alias&#xff0c;\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ea\u6309 $PATH \u67e5\u627e\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6392\u67e5 alias \u65f6&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 type ll \u6216 alias ll \u66f4\u660e\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5. \u8fdb\u9636\u62d3\u5c55&#xff1a;\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1<\/h4>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136 which \u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027&#xff0c;\u8001\u9e1f\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7ed3\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u5730\u6478\u6e05\u5e95\u7ec6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>type&#xff08;\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350&#x1f44d;&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u5b83\u662f Shell \u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u6bd4 which \u66f4\u806a\u660e\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u80fd\u660e\u786e\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u522b\u540d\u3001\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p> $ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span> is a shell <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">builtin<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># \u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u8fd9\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> ll<br \/>\nll is aliased to &#096;ls -alF&#039; <span class=\"token comment\"># \u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u8fd9\u662f\u522b\u540d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> python<br \/>\npython is \/usr\/bin\/python <span class=\"token comment\"># \u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u8fd9\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>whereis&#xff1a; \u6bd4 which \u627e\u5f97\u66f4\u5bbd\u6cdb\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u627e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u4f1a\u987a\u5e26\u5e2e\u4f60\u628a\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u548cman \u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e00\u8d77\u63ea\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p> $ <span class=\"token function\">whereis<\/span> nginx<br \/>\nnginx: \/usr\/sbin\/nginx \/etc\/nginx \/usr\/share\/man\/man8\/nginx.8.gz\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u547d\u4ee4\u5176\u5b9e\u662fshell\u5916\u58f3&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<p>Shell \u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u9762\u5411 Shell \u7684&#xff0c;\u5185\u6838\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6 ls\u3001cd\u3001find\u3001grep \u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u6cd5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8ff0\u53ea\u5bf9\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3a\u6700\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5b9a\u8bba&#xff0c;\u5e94\u8be5\u662f&#xff1a;Shell \u662f\u5305\u88f9\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838&#xff08;Kernel&#xff09;\u5916\u9762\u7684\u201c\u58f3\u201d&#xff1b;\u800c\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd&#xff0c;\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u5b9e\u662f Shell \u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u4f46\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e Shell \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u67b6\u6784\u5b8f\u89c2\u89c6\u89d2&#xff1a;Shell \u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u58f3\u201d&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc&#xff0c;\u5c42\u6b21\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5206\u660e\u7684&#xff08;\u6d0b\u8471\u6a21\u578b&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u6700\u5185\u5c42&#xff08;\u786c\u4ef6 Hardware&#xff09;&#xff1a;CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u786c\u76d8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u5c42&#xff08;\u5185\u6838 Kernel&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u771f\u6b63\u62e5\u6709\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u6743\u529b\u3001\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u63a7\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u50b2\u5a07&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5916\u58f3\u5c42&#xff08;Shell&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5916\u58f3\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668&#xff08;Command Line Interpreter&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u89e3\u6790\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u7b49\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u5728 Shell \u5185\u90e8\u5904\u7406&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002Shell \u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u88ab\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u6838\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7b80\u5355\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u5916\u5c42&#xff08;\u7528\u6237 User&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5750\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u524d\u7684\u4f60\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;Shell \u5305\u88f9\u7684\u662f\u5185\u6838&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u63ed\u79d8&#xff1a;\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u9635\u8425<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u6572\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;Shell \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b98\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4&#034;\u5bf9\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u201d\u7684\u539f\u56e0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>\u9635\u8425 A&#xff1a;\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4 (Shell Built-in Commands) \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u201d<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u672c\u8d28&#xff1a; \u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5185\u7f6e\u5728 Shell \u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 Bash&#xff09;\u5185\u90e8&#xff0c;\u6267\u884c\u5185\u7f6e\u7248\u672c\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 $PATH \u627e\u72ec\u7acb\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e9b\u540c\u540d\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u5982 echo\u3001pwd\u3001printf&#xff09;\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a; \u5f53\u4f60\u6572\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;Shell \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u627e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91cc\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6bb5\u903b\u8f91\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u3002\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u5feb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ecf\u5178\u4ee3\u8868&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>cd&#xff08;\u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d Shell \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>pwd&#xff08;\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>echo&#xff08;\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>umask&#xff08;\u63a9\u7801&#xff0c;\u5b83\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d Shell \u7684\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u7684&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u8bba\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e&#xff1a;\u5b83\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f Shell \u5916\u58f3\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u9635\u8425 B&#xff1a;\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4 (External Commands) \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u9519\u7684\u201d<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u672c\u8d28&#xff1a; \u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u548c\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7528 C&#043;&#043; \u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u6765\u7684 .\/a.out \u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u533a\u522b&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a; \u5f53\u4f60\u6572\u4e0b\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;Shell \u4f1a\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u8bb2\u8fc7\u7684 $PATH&#xff08;\u5bfb\u5b9d\u56fe&#xff09;\u91cc\u7ffb\u627e\u3002\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u540e&#xff0c;Shell \u4f1a\u5411\u5185\u6838\u7533\u8bf7\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a \u65b0\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff08;Fork &amp; Exec&#xff09; \u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ecf\u5178\u4ee3\u8868&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>ls&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e \/bin\/ls&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>cat&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e \/bin\/cat&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>chmod&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e \/bin\/chmod&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>file&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e \/usr\/bin\/file&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f Shell&#xff0c;Shell \u53ea\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u201c\u63ea\u201d\u51fa\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u5b9e\u6218\u201c\u7167\u5996\u955c\u201d&#xff1a;\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u5185\u90e8\u8fd8\u662f\u5916\u90e8&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u6765\u9274\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u771f\u8eab\u7684\u6307\u4ee4&#xff1a;type\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eb2\u81ea\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u505a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span> is a shell <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">builtin<\/span><br \/>\n \u7ffb\u8bd1&#xff1a;cd \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5b83\u5c31\u662f Shell \u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> is aliased to &#096;ls <span class=\"token parameter variable\">&#8211;color<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>auto&#039;   <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5148\u663e\u793a\u522b\u540d<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-a<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> is \/usr\/bin\/ls<br \/>\n \u7ffb\u8bd1&#xff1a;ls \u662f\u5b58\u653e\u5728 \/usr\/bin\/ls \u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6587\u4ef6 <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5b83\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e Shell<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fbash<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6982\u62ec&#xff1a;Bash \u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u548c Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b98\u201d\u517c\u201c\u5927\u7ba1\u5bb6\u201d\u3002 &#xff08;bash\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cdshell&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4f60\u5f7b\u5e95\u61c2\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6982\u5ff5\u62c6\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a Shell&#xff08;\u58f3&#xff09;&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u91cc&#xff0c;\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kernel&#xff08;\u5185\u6838&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u810f\u201d&#xff0c;\u8d1f\u8d23\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u786c\u4ef6&#xff08;CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u786c\u76d8&#xff09;\u3002\u4f46\u5185\u6838\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u51b7\u4e14\u590d\u6742&#xff0c;\u53ea\u61c2\u673a\u5668\u7801&#xff0c;\u4eba\u7c7b\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5b83\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Shell&#xff08;\u5916\u58f3&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u5185\u6838&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4eba\u7c7b\u80fd\u8f7b\u677e\u4e0b\u8fbe\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5916\u9762\u5305\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42\u201c\u58f3\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bash \u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;\u5982 Ubuntu, CentOS&#xff09;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd Shell\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u6572\u4e0b ls\u3001g&#043;&#043; main.cpp \u6216\u8005\u524d\u9762\u5b66\u7684 cat &lt;&lt; EOF \u5e76\u56de\u8f66\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5185\u6838\u76f4\u63a5\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e32 Shell \u6587\u672c\u3002Bash \u4f1a\u5148\u89e3\u6790\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7b49\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884c\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u542f\u52a8\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff1b;Shell \u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u6838\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7ec8\u7aef\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. Bash \u7684\u4e24\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd<\/h4>\n<p>Bash \u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9\u4f60\u6572\u9ed1\u5e95\u767d\u5b57\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7a97\u53e3&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u8eab\u517c\u4e24\u804c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8eab\u4efd\u4e00&#xff1a;\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668 \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5e73\u65f6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u4f60\u6572\u4e00\u884c\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7acb\u523b\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u4f60\u4e4b\u524d\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 (&gt;)\u3001\u7ba1\u9053 (|)\u3001\u901a\u914d\u7b26 (*)&#xff0c;\u5168\u90fd\u662f Bash \u8fd9\u5957\u8f6f\u4ef6\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8eab\u4efd\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u4e00\u95e8\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u80f6\u6c34\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00 \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u3001\u4e0a\u767e\u4e2a\u96f6\u6563\u7684 Linux \u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u914d\u5408\u4e0a if&#xff08;\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad&#xff09;\u3001for&#xff08;\u5faa\u73af&#xff09;\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u903b\u8f91&#xff0c;\u5199\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5 .sh \u7ed3\u5c3e&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684 Bash \u811a\u672c (Shell Script)\u3002\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5c31\u662f\u9760\u5199 Bash \u811a\u672c&#xff0c;\u628a\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u4e00\u952e\u5168\u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5ba2\u51b7\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb \u201cBash\u201d&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>Bash \u7684\u5168\u79f0\u662f Bourne Again SHell\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e9\u5e74\u95f4&#xff0c;Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u4e14\u6700\u706b\u7684 Shell \u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u53eb Stephen Bourne \u7684\u5927\u795e\u5199\u7684&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\u53eb sh\u3002\u540e\u6765&#xff0c;\u5f00\u6e90\u7684 GNU \u8ba1\u5212\u51b3\u5b9a\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u4e14\u5b8c\u5168\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u81f4\u656c\u524d\u8f88&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4eec\u73a9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u8c10\u97f3\u6897&#xff08;Born again&#xff0c;\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u91cd\u751f\u201d&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5c31\u628a\u5b83\u5e7d\u9ed8\u5730\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u4e86 \u201cBourne Again SHell\u201d&#xff08;\u91cd\u751f\u7684 Bourne Shell&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7b80\u79f0 Bash\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;Linux \u6307\u4ee4\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u5417&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<p>\u7edd\u4e0d\u5168\u90fd\u662f&#xff01; \u5f88\u591a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u89c9\u5f97&#xff1a;\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u561b&#xff0c;\u80af\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u7535\u8111\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 \/usr\/bin&#xff09;\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u6211\u6572\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u53bb\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8bef\u533a\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\u624d\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u6572\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u201d&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b9e\u5206\u4e3a 4 \u5927\u95e8\u6d3e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7406\u89e3&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u628a Bash&#xff08;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684 Shell \u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff09;\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4f4d\u201c\u4e3b\u53a8\u201d&#xff0c;\u6765\u770b\u770b\u8fd9 4 \u5927\u95e8\u6d3e\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>\u95e8\u6d3e 1&#xff1a;\u522b\u540d (Alias) \u2014\u2014 \u5927\u53a8\u7684\u201c\u5feb\u6377\u77ed\u8bed\u201d<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1a;\u4f60\u7ed9\u957f\u547d\u4ee4\u8d77\u7684\u5916\u53f7\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u5acc ls -l \u592a\u957f&#xff0c;\u641e\u4e86\u4e2a alias ll&#061;&#039;ls -l&#039;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u54ea&#xff1a;\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u53a8\u7684\u8111\u5b50\u91cc &#xff08;Bash \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d&#xff09;\u6216\u8005\u5199\u5728 ~\/.bashrc \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1f; \u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$PATH \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5417&#xff1f; \u6ca1\u6709&#xff01;<\/li>\n<li>which \u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5417&#xff1f; \u539f\u751f\u7684 which \u627e\u4e0d\u5230&#xff08;\u5b83\u53ea\u627e\u5b9e\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u95e8\u6d3e 2&#xff1a;Shell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4 (Built-in) \u2014\u2014 \u5927\u53a8\u7684\u201c\u5929\u751f\u672c\u80fd\u201d<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1a;\u50cf cd&#xff08;\u8d70\u8def\u5207\u6362\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff09;\u3001pwd&#xff08;\u770b\u770b\u73b0\u5728\u7ad9\u54ea&#xff09;\u3001exit&#xff08;\u4e0b\u73ed&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f Bash \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4e14&#xff0c;\u50cf cd \u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5927\u53a8\u4eb2\u81ea\u6765\u505a&#xff0c;\u5916\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u54ea&#xff1a;\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u53a8\u7684\u8111\u5b50\u91cc&#xff08;Bash \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1f; \u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6&#xff01;<\/li>\n<li>$PATH \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5417&#xff1f; \u6ca1\u6709&#xff01;<\/li>\n<li>which \u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5417&#xff1f; \u627e\u4e0d\u5230&#xff01;&#xff08;\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 which cd \u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u627e\u4e0d\u5230&#xff0c;\u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u6267\u884c cd&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u95e8\u6d3e 3&#xff1a;Shell \u51fd\u6570 (Function) \u2014\u2014 \u5927\u53a8\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u521b\u83dc\u8c31\u201d<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u4e34\u65f6\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u5e26\u6709\u903b\u8f91&#xff08;if\/for&#xff09;\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u54ea&#xff1a;\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u53a8\u7684\u8111\u5b50\u91cc&#xff08;Bash \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1f; \u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$PATH \u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u5417&#xff1f; \u6ca1\u6709&#xff01;<\/li>\n<li>which \u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5417&#xff1f; \u627e\u4e0d\u5230&#xff01;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u95e8\u6d3e 4&#xff1a;\u5916\u90e8\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 (External) \u2014\u2014 \u8eba\u5728\u4ed3\u5e93\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u4f53\u5de5\u5177\u201d<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u8eba\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff01;\u6bd4\u5982 ls.exe\u3001python\u3001find\u3001cat\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u662f C \u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u8bd1\u597d\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u54ea&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u201c\u4ed3\u5e93\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff08;\u5982 \/usr\/bin\u3001\/sbin\u3001\/usr\/local\/bin&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1f; \u662f&#xff01;\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$PATH \u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u5417&#xff1f; \u6709&#xff01;\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u5f52 $PATH \u7ba1\u3002 $PATH \u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4e0d\u662f ls \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86 \/usr\/bin \u7b49\u7b49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li>which \u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5417&#xff1f; \u80fd&#xff01;\u8fd9\u662f which \u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>&#x1f4a1; \u7ec8\u6781\u7834\u6848&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 which \u627e $PATH \u5374\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1f;<\/h5>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5b8c\u5168\u95ed\u73af\u4e86\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8e29\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5751&#xff1a;\u660e\u660e cd \u547d\u4ee4\u80fd\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 which cd \u5374\u62a5\u9519&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<li>\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u5165 cd&#xff08;\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5927\u53a8\u76f4\u63a5\u52a8\u7528\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u5c31\u6267\u884c\u4e86&#xff0c;\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u53bb\u770b $PATH \u8fd9\u5f20\u5730\u56fe&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u6ca1\u53bb\u4ed3\u5e93\u627e\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b64\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f60\u504f\u504f\u6d3e which \u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u4ed3\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u201d\u53bb\u67e5 cd \u5728\u54ea\u3002<\/li>\n<li>which \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u6b7b\u677f\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3002\u5b83\u4e25\u683c\u62ff\u7740 $PATH \u8fd9\u5f20\u5730\u56fe&#xff0c;\u8dd1\u53bb \/usr\/bin \u7b49\u5b9e\u4f53\u4ed3\u5e93\u91cc\u7ffb\u7bb1\u5012\u67dc\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ed3\u5e93\u91cc\u5f53\u7136\u6ca1\u6709 cd \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5de5\u5177&#xff08;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u5927\u53a8\u7684\u8111\u529b\u6280\u80fd&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;which \u987a\u7740 $PATH \u627e\u4e86\u4e00\u5708&#xff0c;\u65e0\u5948\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60&#xff1a;\u201c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a; $PATH \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u5929\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u201c\u751f\u6b7b\u7c3f\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u5b9e\u4f53\u5de5\u5177\u5b58\u653e\u6307\u5357\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7684\u522b\u540d\u3001\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5728 $PATH \u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u8303\u56f4\u5185&#xff0c;\u6b7b\u6b7b\u4f9d\u8d56 $PATH \u5bfb\u5740\u7684 which \u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>&#x1f50d; \u7ec8\u6781\u5927\u62db&#xff1a;\u4e00\u62db\u8fa8\u522b\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u201c\u771f\u8eab\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>\u4ee5\u540e\u65e0\u8bba\u9047\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u731c\u5b83\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u95e8\u6d3e\u7684\u3002Linux \u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4 which \u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u201c\u7ec8\u6781\u7167\u5996\u955c\u201d\u547d\u4ee4 \u2014\u2014 type -a&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6d4b\u522b\u540d&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-a<\/span> ll<br \/>\nll is aliased to &#096;ls -l&#039;  <span class=\"token comment\"># \u660e\u786e\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6d4b\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-a<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span> is a shell <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">builtin<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\"># \u660e\u786e\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6d4b\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-a<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">find<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">find<\/span> is \/usr\/bin\/find     <span class=\"token comment\"># \u4e22\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u76d8\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u5e38\u5f00\u53d1\u4f53\u4f1a&#xff1a; \u4f60\u5e73\u65f6\u611f\u89c9\u201c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e72\u6d3b\u65f6&#xff08;\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u8dd1\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1b;\u4f46\u5f53\u4f60\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u548c\u7ec8\u7aef\u672c\u8eab\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7528\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6709.\/\u624d\u80fd\u8dd1&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4ece Windows \u8f6c\u5411 Linux\/C&#043;&#043; \u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u62f7\u95ee&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u7684 ls\u3001pwd \u76f4\u63a5\u6572\u540d\u5b57\u5c31\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u800c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u8f9b\u8f9b\u82e6\u82e6\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 a.out&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u975e\u5f97\u5728\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e2a\u522b\u626d\u7684 .\/ \u624d\u80fd\u8dd1&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f Linux \u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u5728\u6545\u610f\u5201\u96be\u4f60&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u786c\u6838\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5bfb\u5740\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u5fa1\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5199\u900f&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u5757&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u56db\u6b65\u5bfb\u5740\u6cd5\u201d\u4e0e\u5bfb\u5b9d\u56fe $PATH<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u6572\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 ls&#xff09;\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u65f6&#xff0c;Bash&#xff08;\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u7ba1\u5bb6&#xff09;\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5168\u76d8\u626b\u63cf\u786c\u76d8&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e0a\u6765\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u770b $PATH\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u5957\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u5bfb\u627e\u903b\u8f91&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65&#xff1a;\u5c55\u5f00\u201c\u522b\u540d (Alias)\u201d\u3002Bash \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\/\u89e3\u6790\u9636\u6bb5\u4f1a\u5148\u5904\u7406 alias \u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e alias ls&#061;&#039;ls &#8211;color&#061;auto&#039;\u3002\u5c55\u5f00\u540e&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6309\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u89e3\u6790\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u201c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65&#xff1a;\u67e5\u201c\u51fd\u6570 (Function)\u201d\u3002Bash \u4f1a\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524d Shell \u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65&#xff1a;\u67e5\u201c\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4 (Built-in)\u201d\u3002\u518d\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u662f Bash \u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 cd\u3001pwd&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65&#xff1a;\u6309\u547d\u4ee4\u54c8\u5e0c \/ $PATH \u5bfb\u5b9d\u56fe\u627e\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u5b9e\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u65f6&#xff0c;Bash \u624d\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u54c8\u5e0c\u4ee5\u53ca \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf $PATH \u53bb\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u5916\u90e8\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u5f20\u85cf\u5b9d\u56fe&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token environment constant\">$PATH<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e32\u7531\u5192\u53f7 : \u9694\u5f00\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u5927\u6982\u957f\u8fd9\u6837&#xff1a; \/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ffb\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u53bb $PATH \u91cc\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\/usr\/local\/sbin&#xff09;\u627e&#xff0c;\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53eb ls \u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53bb\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u627e&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5728 \/bin \u6216 \/usr\/bin \u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u627e\u5230\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5c31\u7acb\u523b\u6267\u884c\u5b83&#xff01;<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u627e\u904d\u4e86 $PATH \u91cc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u6ca1\u627e\u5230&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u65e0\u5948\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;command not found\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c&#xff1f; \u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 a.out \u6216 my_script.sh&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 ~\/project\/&#xff09;\u4e0b\u3002\u800c\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728 $PATH \u8fd9\u5f20\u5bfb\u5b9d\u56fe\u91cc\u3002 \u65e2\u7136\u524d\u4e09\u6b65\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\u7684\u5bfb\u5b9d\u56fe\u91cc\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u7136\u5c31\u62a5\u544a\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u7834\u8bd1 .\/ \u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u542b\u4e49&#xff1a;\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h4>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u6309\u56fe\u7d22\u9aa5\u627e\u4e0d\u5230&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6307\u5f15\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86 .\/ \u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\/ \u4ee3\u8868\u6839\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6216\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>.. \u4ee3\u8868\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>. \u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u8f93\u5165 .\/a.out \u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6307\u4ee4&#xff1a; \u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8d70\u90a3\u56db\u6b65\u5bfb\u627e\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb $PATH \u91cc\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u627e\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5c31\u7ed9\u6211\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;.&#xff09;\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a&#xff08;\/&#xff09;\u540d\u53eb a.out \u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff01;\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u4e0a .\/ \u7684\u672c\u8d28&#xff1a;\u5c06\u201c\u6309\u540d\u76f2\u641c\u201d\u76f4\u63a5\u5207\u6362\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u6309\u7269\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u7cbe\u51c6\u6267\u884c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u7ec8\u6781\u62f7\u95ee&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 Linux \u4e0d\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;.&#xff09;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u52a0\u5165 PATH&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u4f1a\u60f3&#xff1a;\u65e2\u7136\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u8981\u52a0 .\/ \u8fd9\u4e48\u9ebb\u70e6&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0d\u806a\u660e\u4e00\u70b9&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u628a .&#xff08;\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u52a0\u5230 $PATH \u7684\u6700\u524d\u9762\u5462&#xff1f;Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5e72\u7684\u5440&#xff08;Windows \u5728\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u591a\u7528\u6237\u5171\u4eab\u7684 Linux \u73af\u5883\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u573a\u707e\u96be\u7ea7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u2014\u2014\u201c\u6728\u9a6c\u66ff\u6362\u653b\u51fb\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728 \/tmp \u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u6765\u63a8\u6f14\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed1\u5ba2\u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5047\u8bbe&#xff1a;Linux \u5141\u8bb8\u9ed8\u8ba4\u641c\u7d22\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u57cb\u96f7&#xff1a;\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 \/tmp&#xff09;\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5077\u5077\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6076\u610f\u7684\u7834\u574f\u811a\u672c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u5b83\u547d\u540d\u4e3a ls\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8e29\u96f7&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&#xff08;root&#xff09;\u4e3a\u4e86\u6392\u67e5\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86 \/tmp \u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4ed6\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u5730\u6572\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b ls \u60f3\u770b\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7206\u70b8&#xff1a;\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5b83\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u9ed1\u5ba2\u4f2a\u9020\u7684 ls \u5e76\u4ee5 root \u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u5b83&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6267\u884c\u771f\u6b63\u7684 \/bin\/ls\u3002\u9ed1\u5ba2\u77ac\u95f4\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u63a7\u5236\u6743&#xff01;<\/li>\n<p>Linux \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u54f2\u5b66&#xff1a; \u4e3a\u4e86\u5f7b\u5e95\u675c\u7edd\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u540c\u540d\u4f2a\u88c5\u201d\u653b\u51fb&#xff0c;Linux \u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u201c\u96f6\u4fe1\u4efb\u201d\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u4fe1\u4efb $PATH \u91cc\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e25\u683c\u7ba1\u63a7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5982 \/bin, \/usr\/bin&#xff09;\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5728\u4fe1\u4efb\u540d\u5355\u91cc\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u54ea\u6015\u5b83\u5c31\u5728\u4f60\u773c\u76ae\u5b50\u5e95\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u4f60\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u5982 \/home\/user\/code\/a.out&#xff09;\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;.\/a.out&#xff09;\u6765\u5f3a\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f4a1; \u8fdb\u9636\u5b9e\u6218&#xff1a;\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u6446\u8131 .\/&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u725b\u7684 C&#043;&#043; \u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u5e0c\u671b\u50cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u76f4\u63a5\u6572\u540d\u5b57\u5c31\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u4f60\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u505a\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00&#xff1a;\u5c06\u7a0b\u5e8f\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5bfb\u5b9d\u533a&#xff08;\u63a8\u8350&#xff09; \u628a\u4f60\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u597d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u590d\u5236\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 \/usr\/local\/bin&#xff08;\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u751f\u6548&#xff09;\u6216 ~\/.local\/bin&#xff08;\u4ec5\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u6548&#xff09;\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">cp<\/span> a.out \/usr\/local\/bin\/my_tool<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u4ee5\u540e\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165 my_tool \u5c31\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u753b\u5230\u5bfb\u5b9d\u56fe\u91cc&#xff08;\u9002\u5408\u672c\u5730\u5f00\u53d1&#xff09; \u4fee\u6539\u4f60\u7684 ~\/.bashrc \u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5c06\u4f60\u4e13\u95e8\u5b58\u653e\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230 $PATH \u4e2d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">export<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\"><span class=\"token environment constant\">PATH<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token environment constant\">$PATH<\/span>:\/home\/mounanlin\/my_cpp_projects\/bin<\/p>\n<p>(\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u653e\u5728 $PATH \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540e\u9762 PATH&#061;$PATH:\u4f60\u7684\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u6709\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5148\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u9632\u6b62\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u5751\u81ea\u5df1\u3002)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>whereis\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a; \u662f Linux\/Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3001man \u624b\u518c\u9875\u8def\u5f84 \u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u53ea\u641c\u7d22\u6807\u51c6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u975e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 PATH \/ \u7528\u6237\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6bd4 find \u5feb\u3001\u6bd4 which \u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u5e7f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a whereis \u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a \u201c\u6863\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5e2e\u4f60\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u54ea&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u4f1a\u201c\u4e70\u4e00\u9001\u4e8c\u201d&#xff0c;\u987a\u4fbf\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684 \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;Source&#xff09; \u548c \u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863&#xff08;Man pages&#xff09; \u4e00\u8d77\u7ed9\u4f60\u7ffb\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">whereis<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> \u6307\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4f60\u8f93\u5165 whereis \u547d\u4ee4 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u8def\u5f84&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>Binary&#xff08;\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>Source&#xff08;\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>Manual&#xff08;Man \u5e2e\u52a9\u624b\u518c\u7684\u8def\u5f84&#xff09;<\/li>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">whereis<\/span> nginx<br \/>\nnginx: \/usr\/sbin\/nginx \/etc\/nginx \/usr\/share\/man\/man8\/nginx.8.gz<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5 nginx: \u5f00\u5934&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u5b83\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6709\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4f1a\u88ab\u626b\u51fa\u6765&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u597d\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879&#xff08;\u7cbe\u786e\u6253\u51fb&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u592a\u591a\u4e86&#xff0c;\u53ea\u60f3\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u9879\u6765\u9650\u5236&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-b (Binary)&#xff1a;\u53ea\u627e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002$ <span class=\"token function\">whereis<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-b<\/span> python<br \/>\npython: \/usr\/bin\/python \/usr\/bin\/python3.8\n <\/li>\n<li>-m (Manual)&#xff1a;\u53ea\u627e\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863\u3002$ <span class=\"token function\">whereis<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-m<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span><br \/>\nls: \/usr\/share\/man\/man1\/ls.1.gz\n <\/li>\n<li>-s (Source)&#xff1a;\u53ea\u627e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002&#xff08;\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u666e\u901a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u5e26\u6e90\u7801&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u9879\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff09;\u3002$ <span class=\"token function\">whereis<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-s<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span><br \/>\nls:\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. whereis \u4e0e which \u7684\u5dc5\u5cf0\u5bf9\u51b3&#xff08;\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u641e\u6df7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u90fd\u80fd\u627e\u547d\u4ee4\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4fe9\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<h5>\u533a\u522b A&#xff1a;\u627e\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u201c\u5730\u56fe\u201d\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>which \u7684\u5730\u56fe\u662f $PATH&#xff1a;\u4f60\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u987a\u7740\u627e\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5728 $PATH \u91cc&#xff0c;\u4f60\u653e\u5728\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u811a\u672c\u5b83\u4e5f\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/li>\n<li>whereis \u7684\u5730\u56fe\u662f\u201c\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6807\u51c6\u76ee\u5f55\u201d&#xff1a;whereis \u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u770b\u4f60\u7684 $PATH&#xff01;\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u5f20\u81ea\u5df1\u5185\u90e8\u5199\u6b7b\u7684\u641c\u67e5\u6e05\u5355&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e86 Linux \u6807\u51c6\u7684 \/bin, \/usr\/bin, \/sbin, \/usr\/share\/man \u7b49\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f71\u54cd&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4e86\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u653e\u5728 ~\/.local\/bin \u91cc&#xff0c;which \u80fd\u627e\u5230&#xff0c;\u4f46 whereis \u5927\u6982\u7387\u627e\u4e0d\u5230&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5acc\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e2a\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u538b\u6839\u6ca1\u53bb\u641c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u533a\u522b B&#xff1a;\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>which \u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6267\u884c\u51b2\u7a81\u201d&#xff1a;\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60&#xff0c;\u201c\u5f53\u6211\u6572\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u786e\u5207\u5730\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u7acb\u523b\u505c\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n<li>whereis \u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u201c\u8d44\u4ea7\u76d8\u70b9\u201d&#xff1a;\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60&#xff0c;\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u6807\u51c6\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u5230\u5e95\u6563\u843d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u628a\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u540c\u540d\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6587\u6863\u5168\u5217\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. \u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<p>\u573a\u666f 1&#xff1a;\u60f3\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863&#xff0c;\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u60f3\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u9605\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f \u201c\u6211\u60f3\u77e5\u9053 tar \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5230\u5e95\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u54ea\u91cc&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u6211\u62f7\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">whereis<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-m<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">tar<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f 2&#xff1a;\u6392\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6 \u56e0\u4e3a whereis \u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf which \u90a3\u6837\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u505c\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u628a\u6807\u51c6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u63ea\u51fa\u6765&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token function\">whereis<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">node<\/span><br \/>\nnode: \/usr\/bin\/node \/usr\/local\/bin\/node \/usr\/share\/man\/man1\/node.1.gz<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6807\u51c6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a Node.js \u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5. \u6613\u9519\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/h4>\n<li>\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u522b\u540d (Alias) \u548c\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4 (Built-in)&#xff1a;\u548c which \u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;whereis \u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u7ffb\u627e\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u65e0\u6cd5\u7a7f\u900f Shell \u7684\u5185\u5b58\u53bb\u67e5\u770b\u522b\u540d\u548c\u5185\u7f6e\u6280\u80fd&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 whereis cd \u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u5907\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u627e\u201c\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u5b89\u88c5\u201d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u628a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u4e86 \/opt\/my_custom_app\/ \u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u4e3b\u6d41\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u624b\u52a8\u7528 -B \u53c2\u6570\u5f3a\u884c\u7ed9 whereis \u6307\u5b9a\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u6211\u521a\u521a\u6572\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7a76\u7adf\u5728\u8dd1\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u201d&#xff0c;\u7528 which&#xff08;\u6216\u66f4\u597d\u7684 type -a&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5468\u8fb9\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u624b\u518c\u3001\u5907\u7528\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u90fd\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6807\u51c6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u54ea\u91cc\u201d&#xff0c;\u7528 whereis\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>alias&#xff08;\u522b\u540d&#xff09;\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e86\u6027&#xff1a;alias \u5c5e\u4e8e Shell \u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7ed9\u957f\u4e32\u547d\u4ee4\u8d77\u7684 \u201c\u5916\u53f7\u201d \u6216\u8005 \u201c\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u201d \u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728 Bash \u5927\u53a8\u7684\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a; 1.\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u522b\u540d&#xff08;alias&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u518d\u53bb \/usr\/bin\/ \u7b49\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5bfb\u627e\u5916\u90e8\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 2.\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u771f\u5b9e\u67e5\u627e\u987a\u5e8f&#xff08;\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u7b2c\u4e00\u987a\u4f4d&#xff1a;\u522b\u540d (Alias) \u2014\u2014 \u6700\u9ad8\u7279\u6743 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u987a\u4f4d&#xff1a;\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4 (Built-in) \u2014\u2014 \u5927\u53a8\u672c\u80fd \u7b2c\u4e09\u987a\u4f4d&#xff1a;Hash \u7f13\u5b58 \u2014\u2014 \u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6 \u7b2c\u56db\u987a\u4f4d&#xff1a;\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf $PATH \u2014\u2014 \u7ffb\u7bb1\u5012\u67dc&#xff08;\u56fe\u7247\u540e\u534a\u53e5\u7684\u610f\u601d&#xff09;<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<h5>&#x1f539; \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u522b\u540d<\/h5>\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u6572\u51fb alias&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">alias<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">alias<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">cp<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;cp -i&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">alias<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">ll<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;ls -l &#8211;color&#061;auto&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">alias<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">rm<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;rm -i&#039;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0&#xff0c;\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u8bbe\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5077\u5077\u5e2e\u4f60\u8d34\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u9632\u8bef\u5220\u7684 rm -i&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>&#x1f539; \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u522b\u540d<\/h5>\n<p>\u8bed\u6cd5\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u683c&#xff1a;alias \u65b0\u540d\u5b57&#061;&#039;\u539f\u672c\u7684\u957f\u547d\u4ee4&#039;<\/p>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u81f4\u547d\u6613\u9519\u70b9&#xff1a;\u7b49\u53f7 &#061; \u7684\u4e24\u8fb9\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7a7a\u683c&#xff01;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u274c \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;alias ll &#061; &#039;ls -l&#039; &#xff08;\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 \u6b63\u786e&#xff1a;alias ll&#061;&#039;ls -l&#039;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u5b9e\u6218\u9ad8\u9891\u573a\u666f&#xff08;\u8001\u9e1f\u7684\u65e5\u5e38&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8d77\u522b\u540d&#xff1f;\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u5446\u3001\u9632\u624b\u6b8b\u3001\u7701\u624b\u6307\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f 1&#xff1a;\u7ed9\u9ad8\u5371\u64cd\u4f5c\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c\u540e\u6094\u836f\u201d Linux \u7684\u5220\u9664\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u62b9\u9664\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u8ba9 rm \u6bcf\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u524d\u90fd\u95ee\u4e00\u53e5\u201c\u4f60\u786e\u5b9a\u5417&#xff1f;\u201d&#xff08;-i \u53c2\u6570&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">alias<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">rm<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;rm -i&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">alias<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">mv<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;mv -i&#039;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f 2&#xff1a;\u7f29\u5199\u6781\u5176\u5197\u957f\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u547d\u4ee4 \u6bd4\u5982\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u6216\u8005\u6572\u5f88\u957f\u7684 Git \u72b6\u6001\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">alias<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">gs<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;git status&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">alias<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">gpush<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;git push origin master&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">alias<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">server1<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;ssh root&#064;192.168.1.100 -p 2222&#039;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u540e\u4f60\u60f3\u8fde\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u53ea\u9700\u6572 server1 \u56de\u8f66\u5373\u53ef&#xff0c;\u7b80\u76f4\u4e0d\u8981\u592a\u723d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f 3&#xff1a;\u62ef\u6551\u4f60\u7684\u201c\u624b\u6b8b\u201d\u62fc\u5199 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u6307\u7ecf\u5e38\u6253\u67b6&#xff0c;\u628a ls \u6253\u6210 sl&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u628a clear \u6253\u6210 c&#xff0c;\u522b\u540d\u80fd\u5e2e\u4f60\u515c\u5e95&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">alias<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">sl<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;ls&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">alias<\/span> <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">c<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;clear&#039;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. \u6700\u5927\u53f7\u7684\u5751&#xff1a;\u201c\u5173\u673a\u5c31\u6ca1\u201d\u4e0e\u5982\u4f55\u6c38\u4e45\u4fdd\u5b58<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u624b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8e29\u7684\u5751&#xff1a;\u4f60\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u6572 alias mycmd&#061;&#039;&#8230;&#039; \u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u522b\u540d&#xff0c;\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u5199\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u628a\u7a97\u53e3\u4e00\u5173&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u542f\u7535\u8111&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u7070\u98de\u70df\u706d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u5b83\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548&#xff1f; \u4f60\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u8fdb\u5927\u53a8\u7684\u201c\u7956\u4f20\u83dc\u8c31\u201d\u91cc\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u83dc\u8c31\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 .bashrc&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528 Zsh&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f .zshrc&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u7528\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u6253\u5f00\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;vim ~\/.bashrc<\/li>\n<li>\u6ed1\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u672b\u5c3e&#xff0c;\u53e6\u8d77\u4e00\u884c&#xff0c;\u5199\u4e0b\u4f60\u7684\u522b\u540d&#xff1a; alias up&#061;&#039;sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt upgrade -y&#039;<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5524\u9192\u83dc\u8c31&#xff08;\u8ba9\u914d\u7f6e\u7acb\u523b\u751f\u6548&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u542f&#xff09;&#xff1a;<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">source<\/span> ~\/.bashrc\n <\/li>\n<h4>4. \u8fdb\u9636\u73a9\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u5378\u6389\u4f2a\u88c5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u89e3\u9664\u522b\u540d\u201d<\/h4>\n<h5>&#x1f539; \u4e34\u65f6\u7ed5\u8fc7\u522b\u540d&#xff08;\u53eb\u5b83\u7684\u771f\u540d&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 alias ls&#061;&#039;ls &#8211;color&#061;auto&#039;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u504f\u504f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u60f3\u770b\u5e26\u989c\u8272\u7684\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u4f60\u60f3\u8fd0\u884c\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u786c\u76d8\u91cc\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u4f60\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e34\u65f6\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5927\u53a8\u7684\u522b\u540d&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u6760 \\\\&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;&#xff1a;<span class=\"token punctuation\">\\\\<\/span>ls\n <\/li>\n<li>\u5199\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u538b\u5236\u5b83&#xff09;&#xff1a;\/usr\/bin\/ls\n <\/li>\n<h5>&#x1f539; \u5220\u9664\u522b\u540d (unalias)<\/h5>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;unalias \u53ea\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u751f\u6548&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u4f60\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u67d0\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u5f88\u70e6&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u8ddf\u4f60\u60f3\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u91cd\u540d\u4e86&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5265\u593a\u5b83\u7684\u79f0\u53f7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">unalias<\/span> ll<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u6b64\u65f6\u518d\u8f93\u5165 ll \u5c31\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a command not found \u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ea\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u751f\u6548&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982 ~\/.bashrc&#xff09; \u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5927\u53a8\u7684\u201c\u7956\u4f20\u83dc\u8c31\u201d&#xff0c;\u767d\u7eb8\u9ed1\u5b57\u5199\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u91cc\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff08;Bash \u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff09; \u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5927\u53a8\u201c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5927\u8111\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u3002\u5927\u53a8\u6bcf\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\u4e0a\u73ed&#xff08;\u4f60\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u201c\u7956\u4f20\u83dc\u8c31\u201d\u80cc\u4e00\u904d&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u5728\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u6267\u884c unalias ll \u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u53a8\u8bf4&#xff1a;\u201c\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u628a ll \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5feb\u6377\u77ed\u8bed\u7ed9\u6211\u5fd8\u6389&#xff01;\u201d \u5927\u53a8\u542c\u8bdd\u5730\u4ece\u8111\u5b50&#xff08;\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u5b58&#xff09;\u91cc\u62b9\u6389\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4f60\u5173\u95ed\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;ll \u90fd\u5931\u6548\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f&#xff01; \u4f60\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u6d82\u62b9\u90a3\u672c\u201c\u7956\u4f20\u83dc\u8c31\u201d\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u5173\u95ed\u5f53\u524d\u7a97\u53e3&#xff0c;\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff08;\u5927\u53a8\u660e\u5929\u53c8\u6765\u4e0a\u73ed\u4e86&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5927\u53a8\u518d\u6b21\u7ffb\u5f00 ~\/.bashrc&#xff0c;ll \u8fd9\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u53c8\u4f1a\u6ee1\u8840\u590d\u6d3b&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u6c38\u4e45\u5220\u9664\u201d\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d&#xff1f; \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0b\u5b9a\u51b3\u5fc3&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u8f88\u5b50\u90fd\u4e0d\u60f3\u518d\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u4fee\u6539\u201c\u83dc\u8c31\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65&#xff1a;\u63ea\u51fa\u83dc\u8c31\u91cc\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55 \u7528\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 nano \u6216 vim&#xff09;\u6253\u5f00\u4f60\u7684 Bash \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">nano<\/span> ~\/.bashrc<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65&#xff1a;\u7269\u7406\u5220\u9664 \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u627e\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c alias ll&#061;&#039;ls -l&#039; \u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u5b83\u5220\u6389&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a # \u53f7\u628a\u5b83\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389&#xff08;\u63a8\u8350\u6ce8\u91ca&#xff0c;\u4e07\u4e00\u4ee5\u540e\u60f3\u52a0\u56de\u6765\u5462&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># alias ll&#061;&#039;ls -l&#039;   &lt;&#8211; \u5c31\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u52a0\u4e0a # \u53f7<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65&#xff1a;\u8ba9\u5927\u53a8\u91cd\u65b0\u80cc\u8bf5\u83dc\u8c31 \u6b64\u65f6\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u6539\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u5927\u53a8\u4f9d\u7136\u6309\u8001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5728\u5e72\u6d3b\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u65b0\u83dc\u8c31\u91cd\u65b0\u8bfb\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u9ad8\u9891\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">source<\/span> ~\/.bashrc<\/p>\n<p>&#xff08;source \u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u8981\u7b49\u4e0b\u6b21\u5f00\u673a\u4e86&#xff0c;\u73b0\u5728\u7acb\u523b\u9a6c\u4e0a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u904d&#xff01;&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u3001\u6c38\u4e45\u5730\u4ece\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u62b9\u9664\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a; Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u201c\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u7b26\u201d\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8ba9 Bash \u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u52a8\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6572\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u518d\u6572\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b26\u53f7\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4f60\u5728\u5411 Bash&#xff08;\u5927\u7ba1\u5bb6&#xff09;\u4e0b\u8fbe\u201c\u8fde\u73af\u4efb\u52a1\u201d\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u4eec&#xff0c;\u4f60\u80fd\u5199\u51fa\u6781\u5176\u4f18\u96c5\u4e14\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u5355\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. &amp;&amp; &#xff1a;\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e (AND) \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u6210\u529f\u4e86&#xff0c;\u624d\u7ee7\u7eed\u201d<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u52a8\u4f5c\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;Bash \u4f1a\u5148\u6267\u884c\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c&#xff08;\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a 0&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;\u624d\u4f1a\u63a5\u7740\u6267\u884c\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5de6\u8fb9\u5931\u8d25\u4e86&#xff0c;\u53f3\u8fb9\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u6574\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u524d\u540e\u6709\u5f3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5c31\u662f C\/C&#043;&#043; \u7684\u6e90\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u53ea\u6709 configure \u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u624d\u6267\u884c make&#xff1b;\u53ea\u6709 make \u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u624d\u6267\u884c make install<\/span><br \/>\n.\/configure <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">make<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">make<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">install<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u8fdb\u5165\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u5165\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u624d\u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664&#xff08;\u9632\u6b62\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bef\u5220\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span> \/tmp\/cache <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-rf<\/span> *<\/p>\n<h4>2. || &#xff1a;\u903b\u8f91\u6216 (OR) \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u5931\u8d25\u4e86&#xff0c;\u624d\u515c\u5e95\u201d<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u52a8\u4f5c\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u4e0e &amp;&amp; \u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd&#xff01;Bash \u5148\u6267\u884c\u5de6\u8fb9\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5de6\u8fb9\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25&#xff08;\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u975e 0&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;\u624d\u4f1a\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5de6\u8fb9\u6210\u529f\u4e86&#xff0c;\u53f3\u8fb9\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3001\u515c\u5e95\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u8005\u73af\u5883\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fdb\u5165 build \u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff08;cd \u5931\u8d25&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5c31\u7acb\u523b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span> build <span class=\"token operator\">||<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> build<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u5728\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5728&#xff08;grep \u5931\u8d25&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5c31\u91cd\u542f\u5b83<\/span><br \/>\npgrep nginx <span class=\"token operator\">||<\/span> systemctl start nginx<\/p>\n<h4>3. ; &#xff1a;\u5206\u53f7 \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6b7b\u6d3b&#xff0c;\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u961f\u201d<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u52a8\u4f5c\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u65e0\u8111\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7b26&#xff0c;\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u56de\u8f66\u952e\u201d\u3002Bash \u4f1a\u5148\u6267\u884c\u5de6\u8fb9&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5de6\u8fb9\u6267\u884c\u5b8c&#xff08;\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6210\u529f\u8fd8\u662f\u62a5\u9519&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7acb\u523b\u63a5\u7740\u6267\u884c\u53f3\u8fb9\u3002\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u903b\u8f91\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u5355\u7eaf\u4e3a\u4e86\u7701\u4e8b&#xff0c;\u628a\u591a\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u884c\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u54ea\u6015 date \u62a5\u9519\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4f9d\u7136\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c ls \u548c pwd<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">date<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-l<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">pwd<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4. | &#xff1a;\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 (Pipe) \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u63a5\u529b\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>&#x1f6a8; \u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u867d\u7136\u957f\u5f97\u50cf&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b&#xff01;\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u662f\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u800c\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u52a8\u4f5c\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u628a\u5de6\u8fb9\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa&#xff08;\u6b63\u5e38\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53f3\u8fb9\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165&#xff08;\u6c34\u6e90&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u6587\u672c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5de5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># cat \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u5012\u8fdb\u7ba1\u9053&#xff1b;grep \u4ece\u7ba1\u9053\u91cc\u63a5\u6c34&#xff0c;\u53ea\u628a\u5e26\u6709 &#034;ERROR&#034; \u7684\u90a3\u51e0\u6ef4\u6c34\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6765<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> \/var\/log\/syslog <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;ERROR&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>5. &amp; &#xff1a;\u5355\u540e\u53f0\u7b26 (Background) \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u6302\u5728\u540e\u53f0&#xff0c;\u7acb\u523b\u4ea4\u6743\u201d<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u52a8\u4f5c\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u540e\u9762&#xff0c;\u544a\u8bc9 Bash&#xff1a;\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u8dd1\u5f97\u5f88\u6162&#xff0c;\u4f60\u628a\u5b83\u4e22\u5230\u540e\u53f0\u53bb\u5077\u5077\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u5165\u6846\u8fd8\u7ed9\u6211&#xff0c;\u6211\u8fd8\u8981\u5e72\u522b\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u8fd0\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u6781\u957f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u811a\u672c&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> \u542f\u52a8\u4f60\u7684 C&#043;&#043; \u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9738\u5360\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef<br \/>\n.\/my_cpp_server <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f4a1; \u9ad8\u9636\u7ec4\u5408\u6280&#xff1a;Bash \u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5143\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684 Bash \u811a\u672c\u6216\u5355\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u628a &amp;&amp; \u548c || \u8fde\u8d77\u6765\u7528&#xff0c;\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u50cf C&#043;&#043; \u91cc\u7684 condition ? true_action : false_action&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u4e09\u5143\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u5178\u7ec4\u5408\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u547d\u4ee4 A &amp;&amp; \u547d\u4ee4 B || \u547d\u4ee4 C<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u903b\u8f91\u7ffb\u8bd1&#xff1a;\u5148\u6267\u884c A&#xff1b;A \u6210\u529f\u624d\u6267\u884c B\u3002\u968f\u540e\u53ea\u8981\u524d\u9762\u7684 A &amp;&amp; B \u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u6267\u884c C\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c A \u6210\u529f\u4f46 B \u81ea\u5df1\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25&#xff0c;C \u4e5f\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4f60\u660e\u786e\u77e5\u9053 B \u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de 0 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u624d\u9002\u5408\u628a\u5b83\u7b80\u5355\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6210\u201c\u4e09\u5143\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b9e\u6218\u6f14\u793a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u6253\u5370 OK&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6253\u5370 \u62a5\u8b66&#xff01;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> config.json <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> \/dev\/null <span class=\"token operator\"><span class=\"token file-descriptor important\">2<\/span>&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token file-descriptor important\">&amp;1<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;OK&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">||<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u8b66\u62a5&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e22\u5931&#xff01;&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;Linux \u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\u53f7<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7684 Bash \/ sh \u8fd9\u7c7b Shell \u811a\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5355\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\u53f7\u662f #\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u683c\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570 Linux \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\u53f7\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ \u4e0d\u662f Bash \/ sh \u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709 C&#043;&#043; \u6216 Java \u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u80cc\u666f&#xff0c;\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u5730\u987a\u624b\u6572\u4e00\u4e2a \/\/\u3002\u4f46\u5728 Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6216\u811a\u672c\u91cc&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u9519&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u628a \/ \u4e25\u683c\u5f53\u6210\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728 Linux \u4e0b\u5199\u811a\u672c\u4e0d\u51fa\u9519&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3a\u4f60\u8be6\u7ec6\u68b3\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b Linux \u6ce8\u91ca\u7684 3 \u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6807\u51c6\u5355\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca&#xff1a;#<\/h4>\n<p>\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86 #&#xff0c;\u4ece # \u5f00\u59cb\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab Bash&#xff08;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u7ba1\u5bb6&#xff09;\u5f53\u4f5c\u5e9f\u8bdd&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u65e0\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6574\u884c\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca&#xff0c;\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">rm<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-rf<\/span> \/tmp\/cache\/*<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-lah<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># \u8fd9\u662f\u884c\u5c3e\u6ce8\u91ca&#xff1b;\u5148\u6267\u884c rm&#xff0c;\u518d\u6267\u884c ls&#xff0c;# \u540e\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. &#x1f6a8; \u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u4f8b&#xff1a;Shebang (#!)<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6253\u5f00\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684 Linux \u811a\u672c&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 .sh \u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5 # \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u7b26\u53f7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token shebang important\">#!\/bin\/bash<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello World&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u5f53\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u7684 #! \u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\u3002 \u5bf9 Shell \u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u5916\u89c2\u4e0a\u4ecd\u50cf\u6ce8\u91ca&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5f53\u5b83\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u65f6&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ec4\u5408 #! \u5728\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5708\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a Shebang&#xff08;\u53d1\u97f3&#xff1a;\u91ca\u4f34&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6307\u8def&#xff1a;\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u5230 #!&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u660e\u767d&#xff1a;\u201c\u54e6&#xff0c;\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u4fbf\u778e\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u6211\u5f97\u53bb \/bin\/bash \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u627e Bash \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b98&#xff0c;\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u201d (\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u53ea\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c&#xff0c;#! \u624d\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u529b&#xff1b;\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002)<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u9ad8\u9636\u6280\u5de7&#xff1a;\u591a\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u600e\u4e48\u641e&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728 C&#043;&#043; \u91cc&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 \/* &#8230; *\/ \u75db\u5feb\u5730\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4f46 Bash \u8bed\u6cd5\u91cc\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u539f\u751f\u7684\u591a\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u6781\u5176\u82e6\u903c\u5730\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u524d\u9762\u6572\u4e00\u4e2a #\u3002 \u4f46\u806a\u660e\u7684\u6781\u5ba2\u4eec\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u9b54\u6cd5&#xff08;\u6b63\u597d\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u5b66\u7684 &lt;&lt; \u5d4c\u5165\u6587\u6863\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Linux \u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53eb\u4f5c :&#xff08;\u5192\u53f7&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u505a&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\u201d\u3002\u914d\u5408 &lt;&lt;&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u5f04\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4f2a\u591a\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;EOF&#039;<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7531\u4e8e\u6709 bug&#xff0c;\u6211\u5148\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u3002<br \/>\n\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u91cc\u5199\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u884c&#xff0c;\u6572\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u56de\u8f66&#xff0c;<br \/>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4f1a\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5305\u5582\u7ed9 &#034;:&#034; \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d3b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<br \/>\n\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u6548\u679c&#xff01;<br \/>\nEOF<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a; \u5728\u5199 Shell \u811a\u672c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4f7f\u7528 # \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\u53f7&#xff1b;\u4f46\u5728 Vim \u4e2d\u7f16\u8f91 C\/C&#043;&#043;\u3001Java \u7b49\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5f53\u7136\u4ecd\u7136\u9075\u5faa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982 C&#043;&#043; \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \/\/\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728vim\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\/\/<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>grep \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4 find \u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u5730\u6bef\u5f0f\u641c\u67e5\u5458\u201d&#xff0c;which \u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u67e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u201c\u6237\u7c4d\u8b66\u201d&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8bb2\u7684 grep&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u7684 \u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u6587\u672c\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>grep&#xff08;Global Regular Expression Print&#xff09;\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u6781\u5176\u4e13\u4e00\u4e14\u5f3a\u5927&#xff1a;\u5b83\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e13\u95e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u94bb\u8fdb\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u809a\u5b50\u91cc&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u622a\u83b7\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u628a\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u201c\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u5730\u63ea\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6<span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>.<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406&#xff1a; grep \u4f1a\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6216\u4f20\u7ed9\u5b83\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6d41&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u6574\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b&#xff0c;\u5c31\u9ed8\u9ed8\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> \u5728 config.txt \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u5305\u542b <span class=\"token string\">&#034;admin&#034;<\/span> \u7684\u884c<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;admin&#034;<\/span> config.txt<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff1a;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>whb&#064;bite-alicloud test<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> temp.txt<br \/>\nabcd<br \/>\nABCD<br \/>\nhello<br \/>\nbite<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">1234<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u67e5\u627e<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>whb&#064;bite-alicloud test<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;abcd&#034;<\/span> temp.txt<br \/>\nabcd<\/p>\n<p> \u5ffd\u7565\u2f24\u2f29\u5199\u7684\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u2f24\u2f29\u5199\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>whb&#064;bite-alicloud test<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-i<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;abcd&#034;<\/span> temp.txt<br \/>\nabcd<br \/>\nABCD<\/p>\n<p> \u987a\u4fbf\u8f93\u51fa\u2f8f\u53f7<br \/>\n <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>whb&#064;bite-alicloud test<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-n<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;abcd&#034;<\/span> temp.txt<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">1<\/span>:abcd<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>whb&#064;bite-alicloud test<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-ni<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;abcd&#034;<\/span> temp.txt<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">1<\/span>:abcd<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">2<\/span>:ABCD<\/p>\n<p> \u53cd\u5411\u9009\u62e9&#xff0c;\u4ea6\u5373\u663e\u2f70\u51fa\u6ca1\u6709 <span class=\"token string\">&#039;\u641c\u5bfb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#039;<\/span> \u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u90a3\u2f00\u2f8f<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>whb&#064;bite-alicloud test<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-v<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;abcd&#034;<\/span> temp.txt<br \/>\nABCD<br \/>\nhello<br \/>\nbite<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">1234<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>whb&#064;bite-alicloud test<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-vn<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;abcd&#034;<\/span> temp.txt<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">2<\/span>:ABCD<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">3<\/span>:hello<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">4<\/span>:bite<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">5<\/span>:1234<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>whb&#064;bite-alicloud test<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>$ <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-vni<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;abcd&#034;<\/span> temp.txt<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">3<\/span>:hello<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">4<\/span>:bite<br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">5<\/span>:1234<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u8fd0\u7ef4\u8001\u9e1f\u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 5 \u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<p>grep \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6781\u591a&#xff0c;\u4f46\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9 5 \u4e2a\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3 99% \u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>-i (Ignore case)&#xff1a;\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199 \u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u5199\u7684\u662f Error\u3001ERROR \u8fd8\u662f error\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-i<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;error&#034;<\/span> app.log\n <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-v (Invert match)&#xff1a;\u53cd\u5411\u5339\u914d&#xff08;\u5254\u9664&#xff0c;\u4ea6\u5373\u663e\u2f70\u51fa\u6ca1\u6709\u2019\u641c\u5bfb\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u2019\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u90a3\u2f00\u2f8f&#xff09; \u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981&#xff01;\u627e\u51fa\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u201c\u67e5\u770b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u628a\u5e26 # \u53f7\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u884c\u5168\u90e8\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-v<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;^#&#034;<\/span> \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\n <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-n (Line number)&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7 \u201c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u9519\u8bcd&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6211\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u884c&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u6211\u53bb\u6539\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-n<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;failed&#034;<\/span> \/var\/log\/syslog\n <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-r \/ -R (Recursive)&#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u5f55 \u8fd9\u662f grep \u8de8\u754c\u62a2 find \u751f\u610f\u7684\u795e\u6280\u3002\u4e0d\u7528\u914d\u5408 find&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba9 grep \u94bb\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53bb\u627e\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 \u201c\u6211\u5fd8\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bc6\u7801\u5199\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u4e86&#xff0c;\u53bb \/var\/www\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5168\u90e8\u7ffb\u4e00\u904d&#xff01;\u201d<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-r<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;db_password&#034;<\/span> \/var\/www\/\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. grep \u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7075\u9b42&#xff1a;\u7ed3\u5408\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 |<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5c11\u62ff grep \u5355\u5e72&#xff0c;\u5b83\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668&#xff0c;\u622a\u6740\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 | \u7684\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u628a\u5de6\u8fb9\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u5f53\u6210\u6587\u672c\u5582\u7ed9\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684 grep \u53bb\u7b5b\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f 1&#xff1a;\u6392\u67e5\u8fdb\u7a0b (\u6700\u6700\u6700\u5e38\u7528) \u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u597d\u5361&#xff0c;nginx \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u5728\u8dd1\u5417&#xff1f;\u201d<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> aux \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4ea4\u7ed9 <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> \u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u53ea\u5e26 nginx \u5b57\u773c\u7684\u884c<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> aux <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;nginx&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f 2&#xff1a;\u7cbe\u51c6\u67e5\u770b\u7aef\u53e3\u5360\u7528 \u201c8080 \u7aef\u53e3\u88ab\u8c01\u5360\u7528\u4e86&#xff1f;\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">netstat<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-tulnp<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;8080&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f 3&#xff1a;\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4 \u201c\u6211\u6628\u5929\u6572\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u957f\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u7684 docker \u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u60f3\u4e0d\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">history<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;docker run&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4. \u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684 2 \u4e2a\u201c\u5929\u5751\u201d<\/h4>\n<h5>\u274c \u5751 1&#xff1a;\u628a\u201c\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u201d\u641e\u6df7<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bb2 * \u548c ? \u65f6\u7279\u610f\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fc7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>find -name &#034;*.txt&#034; \u91cc\u7684 * \u662f\u901a\u914d\u7b26&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<li>grep &#034;a*&#034; \u91cc\u7684 * \u662f\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26 a \u51fa\u73b0 0 \u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528 grep \u641c\u7d22\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u201d&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u7528 .*&#xff08;\u70b9\u52a0\u661f\u53f7&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u274c \u5751 2&#xff1a;\u641c\u7d22\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u641c\u51fa\u6765\u4e86<\/h5>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u6267\u884c ps aux | grep &#034;nginx&#034; \u65f6&#xff0c;\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u4e24\u6761&#xff1a;\u4e00\u6761\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684 nginx \u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u662f\u4f60\u7684 grep &#034;nginx&#034; \u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab&#xff08;\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4e14\u540d\u5b57\u91cc\u5e26\u6709 nginx&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8001\u9e1f\u7684\u4f18\u96c5\u89e3\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u5de7\u5999\u5229\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389 grep \u81ea\u5df1&#xff1a;<span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> aux <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;[n]ginx&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n (\u8fd9\u6837 grep \u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53d8\u6210\u4e86 grep [n]ginx&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u518d\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219 [n]ginx&#xff0c;\u5b8c\u7f8e\u9690\u8eab&#xff01;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;find \u627e\u7684\u662f\u201c\u58f3\u201d&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff0c;grep \u627e\u7684\u662f\u201c\u9b42\u201d&#xff08;\u5185\u5bb9&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>top \u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>top \u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u72b6\u51b5&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u201c\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u770b\u61c2 top \u7684\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5168\u5c40\u6c47\u603b\u4fe1\u606f\u201d \u548c \u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u201c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u8868\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5168\u5c40\u6c47\u603b\u4fe1\u606f (Summary Area)<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u8f93\u5165 top \u5e76\u56de\u8f66\u540e&#xff0c;\u5c4f\u5e55\u6700\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684 5 \u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u3002 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260813001727-6a7d0d17d266a.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>1. \u7b2c\u4e00\u884c&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d (Uptime &amp; Load Average)<\/h5>\n<p>top &#8211; 16:21:22 up 10 days, 4:05, 2 users, load average: 0.15, 0.08, 0.05<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>16:21:22: \u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>up 10 days, 4:05: \u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fde\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86 10 \u5929 4 \u5c0f\u65f6 5 \u5206\u949f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>2 users: \u5f53\u524d\u6709 2 \u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>load average: \u7cfb\u7edf\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u8fc7\u53bb 1\u5206\u949f\u30015\u5206\u949f\u300115\u5206\u949f \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u5927\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684 CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8e\u8d85\u8d1f\u8377\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u5f85\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2. \u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c&#xff1a;\u4efb\u52a1\/\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001 (Tasks)<\/h5>\n<p>Tasks: 150 total, 1 running, 149 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>total: \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u603b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>running: \u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>sleeping: \u5904\u4e8e\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>stopped: \u88ab\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>zombie: \u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570&#xff08;\u5df2\u7ec8\u6b62\u4f46\u672a\u88ab\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u56de\u6536\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u6570\u91cf\u8fc7\u591a\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u8d77\u6ce8\u610f&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3. \u7b2c\u4e09\u884c&#xff1a;CPU \u72b6\u6001 (CPU States)<\/h5>\n<p>%Cpu(s): 2.5 us, 1.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 96.0 id, 0.5 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u6392\u67e5\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e00\u884c&#xff0c;\u5404\u9879\u6307\u6807\u5747\u4ee5\u767e\u5206\u6bd4 (%) \u663e\u793a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7f29\u5199\u5168\u79f0\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">us<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">user<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528 CPU \u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4&#xff08;\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5927\u90e8\u5206 CPU \u88ab\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u5360\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">sy<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">system<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528 CPU \u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">ni<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">nice<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6539\u53d8\u8fc7\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528 CPU \u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">id<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">idle<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7a7a\u95f2 CPU \u767e\u5206\u6bd4&#xff08;\u8d8a\u9ad8\u8d8a\u597d&#xff09;\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">wa<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">wait<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">IO \u7b49\u5f85\u5360\u7528 CPU \u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u8fc7\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u786c\u76d8\u6216\u7f51\u7edc I\/O \u5b58\u5728\u74f6\u9888&#xff09;\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">hi<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">hardware irq<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad\u5360\u7528 CPU \u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">si<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">software irq<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad\u5360\u7528 CPU \u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">st<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">steal<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u865a\u62df\u673a\u201c\u5077\u8d70\u201d\u7684 CPU \u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>4. \u7b2c\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u884c&#xff1a;\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4 (Memory &amp; Swap)<\/h5>\n<p>KiB Mem : 8044268 total, 1523400 free, 4200868 used, 2320000 buff\/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2097148 free, 0 used. 3400500 avail Mem<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mem: \u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u603b\u5185\u5b58 (total)\u3001\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58 (free)\u3001\u5df2\u7528\u5185\u5b58 (used) \u548c\u7528\u4f5c\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5185\u5b58 (buff\/cache)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Swap: \u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff08;\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58&#xff09;\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c Swap \u7684 used \u6570\u503c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u5e76\u4e14\u9891\u7e41\u6ce2\u52a8&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u786c\u76d8\u5f53\u5185\u5b58\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u8868 (Task Area)<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u683c&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u65f6\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6307\u6807&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5217\u540d\u542b\u4e49\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">PID<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8fdb\u7a0b ID (Process ID)&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">USER<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">PR<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7 (Priority)\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">NI<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9759\u6001\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7 (Nice Value)\u3002\u8d1f\u503c\u8868\u793a\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7&#xff0c;\u6b63\u503c\u8868\u793a\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">VIRT<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58 (Virtual Memory)\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u603b\u91cf\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">RES<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5e38\u9a7b\u5185\u5b58 (Resident Size)\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3001\u672a\u88ab\u6362\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f&#xff08;\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u6807&#xff09;\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">SHR<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58 (Shared Memory)\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">S<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001 (Status)\u3002D&#061;\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720, R&#061;\u8fd0\u884c, S&#061;\u7761\u7720, T&#061;\u505c\u6b62, Z&#061;\u50f5\u5c38\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">%CPU<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u7684 CPU \u8d44\u6e90\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">%MEM<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">TIME&#043;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8fdb\u7a0b\u81ea\u542f\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\u5360\u7528 CPU \u7684\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">COMMAND<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u542f\u52a8\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u5b9e\u64cd\u6307\u5357&#xff1a;Top \u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5feb\u6377\u952e&#xff08;\u5185\u90e8\u6307\u4ee4&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fdb\u5165 top \u754c\u9762\u540e&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6bcf\u9694 3 \u79d2\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6309\u4e0b\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u663e\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u6216\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u6ce8\u610f\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u654f\u611f&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6392\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>P (\u5927\u5199)&#xff1a;\u6309 %CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6392\u5e8f&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>M (\u5927\u5199)&#xff1a;\u6309 %MEM \u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6392\u5e8f&#xff08;\u6392\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u65f6\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>T (\u5927\u5199)&#xff1a;\u6309 TIME&#043; CPU \u7d2f\u79ef\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u89c6\u56fe\u63a7\u5236&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>1 (\u6570\u5b57 1)&#xff1a;\u5c55\u5f00\u6216\u6298\u53e0\u5404\u4e2a CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>c&#xff1a;\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0 \/ \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n<li>V (\u5927\u5199)&#xff1a;\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u7236\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>k&#xff1a;\u6740\u6389 (Kill) \u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u6309\u4e0b\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u8981\u6740\u6b7b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b PID&#xff0c;\u56de\u8f66\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>r&#xff1a;\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7 (Renice)\u3002\u6309\u4e0b\u540e\u8f93\u5165 PID&#xff0c;\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6570\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u9000\u51fa&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>q&#xff1a;\u9000\u51fa top \u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165 top&#xff0c;\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u52a0\u4e0a\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u9700\u6c42&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>top <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>d <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>n <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>d<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> \u5237\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694<br \/>\n<span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span>n<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> \u5237\u65b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570<br \/>\nq&#xff1a;\u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>top -d 5&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5237\u65b0\u95f4\u9694\u4e3a 5 \u79d2&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f 3 \u79d2&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>top -u nginx&#xff1a;\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7528\u6237 nginx \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>top -p 1234&#xff1a;\u53ea\u76d1\u63a7 PID \u4e3a 1234 \u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>top -n 10&#xff1a;\u5237\u65b0 10 \u6b21\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa&#xff08;\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u5408\u811a\u672c\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u8fdb\u9636\u5efa\u8bae&#xff1a; \u867d\u7136 top \u662f\u6240\u6709 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6807\u914d&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u66f4\u53cb\u597d\u3001\u8272\u5f69\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e14\u652f\u6301\u9f20\u6807\u70b9\u51fb\u754c\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u5efa\u8bae\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b89\u88c5 htop\u3002\u5b83\u662f top \u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u7248&#xff0c;\u89c6\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u903b\u8f91\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>htop\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4 top \u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u201c\u6bdb\u576f\u623f\u201d&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48 htop \u5c31\u662f\u7cbe\u88c5\u4fee\u540e\u7684\u201c\u8c6a\u534e\u5957\u623f\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u662f top \u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u8272\u5f69\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u652f\u6301\u9f20\u6807\u70b9\u51fb\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u65b9\u5411\u952e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5de6\u53f3\u6eda\u52a8&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u65b0\u624b\u6781\u5176\u53cb\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u81ea\u5e26 htop&#xff0c;\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982 sudo apt install htop \u6216 sudo yum install htop&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u542f\u52a8 htop \u540e&#xff0c;\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u7684\u754c\u9762\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u9010\u4e00\u62c6\u89e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u9876\u90e8\u7684\u4eea\u8868\u76d8 (Header Area)<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260813001728-6a7d0d182376f.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f htop \u6700\u5177\u8fa8\u8bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7528\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6761\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86 top \u67af\u71e5\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>1. CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6761 (1, 2, 3, 4\u2026)<\/h5>\n<p>\u6570\u5b57\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u7684 CPU \u6838\u5fc3&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u6709 4 \u6838&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a 1 \u5230 4&#xff09;\u3002\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6761\u7684\u989c\u8272\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u597d\u770b&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 CPU \u8d1f\u8f7d\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&lt;span style&#061;\u201ccolor:blue\u201d&gt;&#x1f7e6; \u84dd\u8272&lt;\/span&gt; (Low Priority)&#xff1a;\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff08;\u5373\u8c03\u6574\u8fc7 nice \u503c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff09;\u5360\u7528\u7684 CPU\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&lt;span style&#061;\u201ccolor:green\u201d&gt;&#x1f7e9; \u7eff\u8272&lt;\/span&gt; (Normal)&#xff1a;\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u7684 CPU&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u89c1&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&lt;span style&#061;\u201ccolor:red\u201d&gt;&#x1f7e5; \u7ea2\u8272&lt;\/span&gt; (Kernel)&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u5360\u7528\u7684 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63d0\u793a&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u7ea2\u8272\u6761\u7ecf\u5e38\u6ee1\u8f7d&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u9500\u6781\u5927&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684 I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u9a71\u52a8\u95ee\u9898&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7eff\u8272\u6ee1\u8f7d&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u5982 Java, Python, \u6570\u636e\u5e93&#xff09;\u5728\u5168\u529b\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2. \u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4 (Mem &amp; Swp)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Mem (\u5185\u5b58)&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>&lt;span style&#061;\u201ccolor:green\u201d&gt;&#x1f7e9; \u7eff\u8272&lt;\/span&gt;&#xff1a;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58 (Used)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&lt;span style&#061;\u201ccolor:blue\u201d&gt;&#x1f7e6; \u84dd\u8272&lt;\/span&gt;&#xff1a;\u7f13\u51b2\u533a (Buffers)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&lt;span style&#061;\u201ccolor:orange\u201d&gt;&#x1f7e7; \u9ec4\u8272\/\u6a59\u8272&lt;\/span&gt;&#xff1a;\u7f13\u5b58 (Cache)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63d0\u793a&#xff1a;Linux \u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u7528\u767d\u4e0d\u7528\u201d&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u84dd\u9ec4\u90e8\u5206\u5360\u6ee1\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u7eff\u8272\u6ca1\u6709\u9876\u6ee1&#xff0c;\u4f60\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u8fd8\u591f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Swp (\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4)&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u6761\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u544a\u6025&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u59cb\u75af\u72c2\u8bfb\u5199\u786c\u76d8\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3. \u53f3\u4fa7\u6c47\u603b\u4fe1\u606f<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e top \u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tasks: \u8fdb\u7a0b\u603b\u6570\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Load average: 1\u5206\u949f\u30015\u5206\u949f\u300115\u5206\u949f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Uptime: \u7cfb\u7edf\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868 (Process Area)<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5217\u540d&#xff08;PID, USER, PRI, NI, VIRT, RES, SHR, S, CPU%, MEM%, TIME&#043;&#xff09;\u4e0e top \u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4&#xff08;\u6392\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u4f9d\u7136\u91cd\u70b9\u770b RES \u5217&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46 htop \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6740\u624b\u7ea7\u4f18\u52bf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5b8c\u6574\u547d\u4ee4\u8def\u5f84&#xff1a;COMMAND \u5217\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5de6\u53f3\u6eda\u52a8&#xff1a;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u952e\u76d8\u7684 \u2191 \u2193 \u2190 \u2192 \u952e\u6765\u6d4f\u89c8\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u770b\u5168\u8d85\u957f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;top \u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u4e00\u5c4f&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9f20\u6807\u652f\u6301&#xff1a;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u9f20\u6807\u70b9\u51fb\u5217\u540d&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u70b9\u51fb %CPU&#xff09;\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u70b9\u51fb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u9009\u4e2d\u5b83\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u83dc\u5355 (Footer \/ Menu)<\/h4>\n<p>\u5e95\u90e8\u6709\u4e00\u6392\u7c7b\u4f3c F1 \u5230 F10 \u7684\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u63d0\u793a&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u662f htop \u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u6240\u5728&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u529f\u80fd\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">F1 (Help)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5e2e\u52a9<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u989c\u8272\u8bf4\u660e\u548c\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">F2 (Setup)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8fdb\u5165\u8bbe\u7f6e\u83dc\u5355&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9876\u90e8\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\u663e\u793a\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u989c\u8272\u4e3b\u9898\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5217\u7b49\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">F3 (Search)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u641c\u7d22<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8f93\u5165\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d&#xff0c;\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u5373\u53ef\u9ad8\u4eae\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">F4 (Filter)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8f93\u5165\u5173\u952e\u5b57&#xff0c;\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff08;\u6392\u67e5\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5982 nginx \u65f6\u6781\u5176\u597d\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">F5 (Tree)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6811\u5f62\u89c6\u56fe<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&#x1f31f; \u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350&#xff01; \u6309\u4e0b\u540e&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7236\u5b50\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u5c55\u793a\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u770b\u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6d3e\u751f\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b50\u7ebf\u7a0b\/\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u5408 &#043; \u548c &#8211; \u952e\u6298\u53e0\u6216\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">F6 (SortBy)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6392\u5e8f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5f39\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u8fb9\u680f&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u6309\u7167 CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001PID \u7b49\u4efb\u610f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">F7 \/ F8<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8c03\u6574\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9009\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e&#xff0c;\u6309 F7 \u51cf\u5c11 nice \u503c&#xff08;\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6309 F8 \u589e\u52a0 nice \u503c&#xff08;\u964d\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7&#xff09;\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">F9 (Kill)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6740\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9009\u4e2d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e\u6309 F9&#xff0c;\u5de6\u4fa7\u4f1a\u5f39\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u83dc\u5355\u8ba9\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u53d1\u9001\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f 15 SIGTERM \u4f18\u96c5\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u9047\u5230\u6740\u4e0d\u6389\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9 9 SIGKILL \u5f3a\u5236\u51fb\u6740&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u56de\u8f66\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6bd4 top \u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u76f4\u89c2\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">F10 (Quit)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9000\u51fa<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9000\u51fa htop&#xff08;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6309 q&#xff09;\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u5176\u4ed6\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u795e\u4ed9\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a7a\u683c\u952e (Space)&#xff1a;\u9009\u4e2d\/\u6807\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u9ad8\u4eae\u8272\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u6309 F9 \u6279\u91cf\u6740\u6b7b\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u5199 U&#xff1a;\u53d6\u6d88\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5c0f\u5199 u&#xff1a;\u5f39\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;\u9009\u62e9\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u540e&#xff0c;\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a; \u4e86\u89e3\u4e86 top \u7684\u539f\u7406\u540e&#xff0c;\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u548c\u6392\u67e5\u95ee\u9898\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 htop\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u89c6\u56fe (F5)\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u529f\u80fd (F4) \u4ee5\u53ca\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u51fb\u6740\u83dc\u5355 (F9)&#xff0c;\u80fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u8282\u7701\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6392\u9519\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>zip \u548c unzip<\/h3>\n<p>zip \u548c unzip \u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406 .zip \u683c\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u89e3\u538b\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e .zip \u683c\u5f0f\u5728 Windows \u548c macOS \u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u751f\u53cc\u51fb\u6253\u5f00&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u4f20\u8f93\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528 zip \u6bd4 Linux \u7279\u6709\u7684 tar.gz \u66f4\u52a0\u901a\u7528\u548c\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;zip \u6307\u4ee4&#xff08;\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u6253\u5305\u538b\u7f29&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">zip<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u53c2\u6570<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u540d\u79f0.zip<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u8981\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>&#x1f31f; \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n<p>1. \u538b\u7f29\u5355\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">zip<\/span> backup.zip file1.txt file2.log<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06 file1.txt \u548c file2.log \u538b\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a backup.zip \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. \u538b\u7f29\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u26a0\ufe0f \u6700\u6613\u9519\u70b9&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">zip<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-r<\/span> project.zip \/path\/to\/project_folder\/<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u8981\u628a\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u9012\u5f52\u6253\u8fdb ZIP \u5305&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a -r&#xff08;recursive&#xff0c;\u9012\u5f52&#xff09;\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e0d\u540c zip \u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u201c\u53ea\u7ed9\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u4f46\u4e0d\u52a0 -r\u201d\u65f6\u7684\u63d0\u793a\/\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u7edf\u4e00\u8bf4\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305&#xff1b;\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u52a0\u9012\u5f52\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u9012\u5f52\u6253\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3. \u52a0\u5bc6\u538b\u7f29&#xff08;\u4fdd\u62a4\u9690\u79c1\u6570\u636e&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">zip<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-e<\/span> secret.zip my_password.txt<\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u4e0a -e (encrypt) \u53c2\u6570\u540e&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u4e24\u6b21\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u89e3\u538b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5bc6\u7801\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4. \u538b\u7f29\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u539f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u79fb\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">zip<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-m<\/span> log_archive.zip *.log<\/p>\n<p>\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684 .log \u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5305\u8fdb log_archive.zip&#xff0c;\u6253\u5305\u6210\u529f\u540e&#xff0c;\u81ea\u52a8\u628a\u539f\u6765\u7684 .log \u6587\u4ef6\u5220\u6389&#xff0c;\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5. \u5b89\u9759\u6a21\u5f0f\u538b\u7f29&#xff08;\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u957f\u4e32\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">zip<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-r<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-q<\/span> output.zip \/large_folder\/<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e07\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u538b\u7f29\u65f6\u5c4f\u5e55\u4f1a\u75af\u72c2\u6eda\u52a8\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a -q (quiet) \u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5b83\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u5e72\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;unzip \u6307\u4ee4&#xff08;\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">unzip<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u53c2\u6570<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u540d\u79f0.zip<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>&#x1f31f; \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n<p>1. \u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">unzip<\/span> project.zip<\/p>\n<p>2. \u89e3\u538b\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">unzip<\/span> project.zip <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-d<\/span> \/opt\/my_app\/<\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u4e0a -d (directory) \u5e76\u8ddf\u4e0a\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;unzip \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5e2e\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3. \u4e0d\u89e3\u538b&#xff0c;\u53ea\u67e5\u770b\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u91cc\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">unzip<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-l<\/span> project.zip<\/p>\n<p>-l (list) \u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u5185\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u65e5\u671f&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u63d0\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u201c\u9884\u89c8\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4. \u5f3a\u5236\u8986\u76d6\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u514d\u6253\u6270\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">unzip<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> update.zip<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u89e3\u538b\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u95ee\u4f60&#xff1a;\u662f\u8986\u76d6(y)\u3001\u4fdd\u7559(n)\u8fd8\u662f\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u00ae&#xff1f;\u52a0\u4e0a -o (overwrite) \u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u9759\u9ed8\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5199\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5. \u6c38\u4e0d\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">unzip<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-n<\/span> update.zip<\/p>\n<p>\u548c -o \u76f8\u53cd&#xff0c;-n (never overwrite) \u9047\u5230\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u53ea\u89e3\u538b\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f4a1; \u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357&#xff1a;Windows \u4f20\u6765\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u89e3\u538b\u4e71\u7801\u600e\u4e48\u529e&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 GBK(CP936) \u6216 GB2312 \u7f16\u7801\u6253\u5305\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff0c;\u800c Linux \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002\u89e3\u538b\u65f6\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e71\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5 1&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u7f16\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u89e3\u538b<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">unzip<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-O<\/span> CP936 windows_files.zip<\/p>\n<p>-O CP936 \u5c31\u662f\u544a\u8bc9 Linux&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u662f\u7528 Windows \u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7f16\u7801\u538b\u7f29\u7684&#xff0c;\u8ba9linux\u4ee5CP936\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u89e3\u538b<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5 2&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u89e3\u538b\u5de5\u5177 unar \u5982\u679c -O \u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7528&#xff08;\u67d0\u4e9b\u65e7\u7248 Linux \u4e0d\u652f\u6301&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u5b89\u88c5 unar\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u7f16\u7801&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e71\u7801\u514b\u661f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> Ubuntu\/Debian \u5b89\u88c5: <span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">apt<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">install<\/span> unar<br \/>\n CentOS\/RHEL \u5b89\u88c5: <span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> yum <span class=\"token function\">install<\/span> epel-release <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> yum <span class=\"token function\">install<\/span> unar<\/p>\n<p>unar windows_files.zip<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;SSH<\/h3>\n<p>SSH \u7684\u5168\u79f0\u662f Secure Shell&#xff08;\u5b89\u5168\u5916\u58f3\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u8ba9\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a&#xff08;\u5c24\u5176\u662f Linux\/Unix \u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u6761\u201c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u96a7\u9053\u201d&#xff0c;\u8fde\u63a5\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u7535\u8111\u548c\u8fdc\u7aef\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981 SSH&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728 SSH \u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 Telnet \u6216 rlogin \u7b49\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u8fdc\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8001\u534f\u8bae\u6700\u5927\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u4f24\u662f\u660e\u6587\u4f20\u8f93\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\u7684&#xff0c;\u9ed1\u5ba2\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u6293\u5305\u5c31\u80fd\u8f7b\u6613\u7a83\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>SSH \u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u54ea\u6015\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u9ed1\u5ba2\u622a\u83b7&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u4eec\u62ff\u5230\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u5806\u65e0\u6cd5\u7834\u89e3\u7684\u4e71\u7801&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>SSH \u7684\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u9014<\/h4>\n<li>\u8fdc\u7a0b\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63a7\u5236&#xff1a; \u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f60\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7 SSH \u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u518d\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u4f20\u56de\u4f60\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4f60\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u952e\u76d8\u524d\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93&#xff1a; \u57fa\u4e8e SSH \u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4e86 SCP (Secure Copy) \u548c SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) \u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u672c\u5730\u548c\u8fdc\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u4e0a\u4f20\u6216\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1&#xff08;SSH \u96a7\u9053&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5&#xff09;\u5305\u88f9\u5728 SSH \u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u9053\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93&#xff0c;\u65e2\u80fd\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u7a7f\u900f\u67d0\u4e9b\u9632\u706b\u5899\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>SSH \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8eab\u4efd\u7684&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7 SSH \u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bc1\u660e\u201c\u4f60\u662f\u4f60\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1&#xff1a; \u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u8f93\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5bc6\u7801\u592a\u5f31&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u5230\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5bc6\u94a5\u8ba4\u8bc1&#xff08;\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u3001\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5728\u672c\u5730\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u5bf9\u201c\u94a5\u5319\u201d&#xff08;\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u79c1\u94a5&#xff09;\u3002\u4f60\u628a\u516c\u94a5\u4ea4\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4fdd\u7ba1&#xff0c;\u79c1\u94a5\u81ea\u5df1\u59a5\u5584\u85cf\u597d\u3002\u767b\u5f55\u65f6&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5411\u4f60\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6bb5\u968f\u673a\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u4f60\u7684\u7535\u8111\u7528\u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9\u5176\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u53d1\u56de&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7528\u516c\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801&#xff0c;\u4e14\u6781\u96be\u88ab\u4f2a\u9020\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Linux\u3001macOS&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005 Windows 10\/11&#xff08;\u5df2\u5185\u7f6e OpenSSH \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff08;Terminal \u6216 PowerShell&#xff09;\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528 SSH \u547d\u4ee4\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> \u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;ssh \u7528\u6237\u540d&#064;\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span> root&#064;192.168.1.100<\/p>\n<p> \u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 SSH \u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 <span class=\"token number\">22<\/span>&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-p<\/span> \u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-p<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2222<\/span> admin&#064;10.0.0.5<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;rz\/sz<\/h3>\n<h4>&#x1f680; Linux \u7ec8\u7aef\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u4f20\u8f93\u795e\u5668&#xff1a;rz\/sz \u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u6298\u817e CentOS 7 \u8f7b\u91cf\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668(\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e CentOS 7&#xff01;\u5b83\u51e0\u4e4e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec macOS \u548c\u90e8\u5206 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002)\u3001\u7f16\u5199 C&#043;&#043; \u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5728\u672c\u5730 Windows\/Mac \u7535\u8111\u548c Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u6253\u5f00 Xftp \u6216 FileZilla \u7b49\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u800c rz \u548c sz &#xff08;\u6240\u5c5e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4e3a lrzsz&#xff09;\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6572\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u5f39\u7a97\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u8fd0\u7ef4\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u51cf\u5c11\u5207\u5c4f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\u7684\u201c\u808c\u8089\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u7ea7\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u4e00\u3001 \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u8c01\u5728\u53d1\u9001&#xff1f;\u8c01\u5728\u63a5\u6536&#xff1f;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u624b\u5bb9\u6613\u628a rz \u548c sz \u641e\u6df7\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u89c6\u89d2&#xff1a;\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef&#xff08;Linux&#xff09;\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rz (Receive Zmodem)&#xff1a;\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u63a5\u6536 (Receive) \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5373\u4ece\u672c\u5730\u7535\u8111 \u4e0a\u4f20 \u6587\u4ef6\u5230 Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<li>sz (Send Zmodem)&#xff1a;\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u53d1\u9001 (Send) \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5373\u4ece Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u4e0b\u8f7d \u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u672c\u5730\u7535\u8111\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u4e8c\u3001 \u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Zmodem&#xff1f;<\/h5>\n<p>rz \u548c sz \u4e2d\u7684 z&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f Zmodem \u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa 80 \u5e74\u4ee3 BBS&#xff08;\u7535\u5b50\u516c\u544a\u677f&#xff09;\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u5de7\u5999&#xff1a; \u5f53\u4f60\u6572\u4e0b rz \u6216 sz \u65f6&#xff0c;Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5411\u4f60\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff08;\u5982 Xshell&#xff09;\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e32\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26&#xff08;\u63e1\u624b\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff09;\u3002\u652f\u6301 Zmodem \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e00\u65e6\u201c\u55c5\u63a2\u201d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e32\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u62e6\u622a\u5b83\u4eec&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5f39\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9009\u62e9\u7a97\u53e3&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u7684 SSH \u6570\u636e\u6d41\u4e2d\u6084\u6084\u5b8c\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u80fd\u8fde\u4e0a SSH&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u7528 rz\/sz \u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u4e09\u3001 \u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e\u5b89\u88c5<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248&#xff08;\u5305\u62ec CentOS 7&#xff09;\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5e26\u8fd9\u5957\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7 yum \u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u4e00\u952e\u5b89\u88c5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> yum <span class=\"token function\">install<\/span> lrzsz <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-y<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>\u56db\u3001 \u5b9e\u6218\u6f14\u7ec3\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h5>\n<h6>1. rz&#xff1a;\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u5165 rz \u5e76\u56de\u8f66&#xff0c;\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5f39\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u9009\u62e9\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u9009\u597d\u6587\u4ef6\u540e&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u7684 Linux \u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5373 pwd \u6240\u5728\u7684\u8def\u5f84&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f31f; \u8fdb\u9636\u7ec4\u5408\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u517b\u6210\u4e60\u60ef&#xff09;&#xff1a;rz <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-be<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>-b (binary)&#xff1a;\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u6309\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u4f20\u538b\u7f29\u5305&#xff08;.tar.gz&#xff09;\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u6216\u7f16\u8bd1\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u663e\u5f0f\u52a0 -b \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7a33\u59a5\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u62ec\u6210\u201crz\/sz \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u6240\u6709\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u52a0 -b \u5c31\u6781\u5bb9\u6613\u635f\u574f\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-e (escape)&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002\u9632\u6b62\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u5e72\u6270\u4e2d\u65ad&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-y (overwrite)&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5df2\u6709\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\u800c\u4e0d\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>2. sz&#xff1a;\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u672c\u5730<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u8f93\u5165 sz server_file.log&#xff0c;\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f1a\u5f39\u7a97\u8be2\u95ee\u4f60\u8981\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#x1f31f; \u8fdb\u9636\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;<span class=\"token comment\"># \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4e0b\u8f7d\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6 (\u4f8b\u5982\u4f60\u7684 C&#043;&#043; \u6e90\u7801)<\/span><br \/>\nsz main.cpp config.h<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u642d\u914d\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/span><br \/>\nsz *.tar.gz<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5b89\u5168\u4e0b\u8f7d&#xff08;\u540c\u6837\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u548c\u8f6c\u4e49\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\nsz <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-be<\/span> data.tar.gz\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u4e94\u3001 \u9ad8\u9636\u6392\u9519\u4e0e\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 rzsz&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5927\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u6572\u4e0b rz \u540e&#xff0c;\u5c4f\u5e55\u75af\u72c2\u6253\u5370\u4e71\u7801&#xff08;\u5982 **B0100000023be50&#xff09;\u5e76\u4e14\u5361\u6b7b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u539f\u56e0&#xff1a;\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982 Windows \u81ea\u5e26\u7684 cmd\/PowerShell&#xff0c;macOS \u539f\u751f Terminal&#xff0c;\u6216 VSCode \u5185\u7f6e\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff09;\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 Zmodem \u534f\u8bae\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u63e1\u624b\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4f60\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u542c\u4e0d\u61c2&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u5f53\u6210\u6587\u672c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u4e86\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5&#xff1a;Windows \u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6362\u7528 Xshell\u3001SecureCRT\u3001MobaXterm \u7b49\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff1b;Mac \u7528\u6237\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 iTerm2&#xff0c;\u9700\u989d\u5916\u914d\u7f6e iterm2-zmodem \u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5361\u6b7b\u6025\u6551&#xff1a;\u6309\u4e0b Ctrl &#043; C \u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u6548&#xff0c;\u9700\u72c2\u6309 Enter \u952e&#xff0c;\u6216\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6309 Ctrl &#043; X \u51e0\u6b21\u6765\u5f3a\u884c\u4e2d\u65ad\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f20\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u89e3\u538b\u62a5\u9519&#xff0c;\u6216\u811a\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\u62a5 syntax error<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u539f\u56e0&#xff1a;\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3001ZMODEM \u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u6216\u94fe\u8def\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u5e72\u6270\u4e86\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u5f8b\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u201c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u517b\u6210\u808c\u8089\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff0c;\u6c38\u8fdc\u52a0\u4e0a -b \u548c -e \u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u5373 rz -be \u548c sz -be&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5728 tmux \u6216 screen \u7b49\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u5668\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u539f\u56e0&#xff1a;tmux \u4f1a\u62e6\u622a\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4 Zmodem \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u88ab\u7834\u574f&#xff0c;\u4f20\u8f93\u6781\u6613\u6302\u8d77\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u8981\u5728 tmux \u4f1a\u8bdd\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5148 prefix &#043; d \u9000\u51fa tmux&#xff0c;\u5728\u7eaf\u51c0\u7684 SSH \u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u4f20\u5b8c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u518d attach \u56de\u53bb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<h5>\u516d\u3001 \u4f20\u8f93\u5de5\u5177\u5927\u6bd4\u62fc&#xff1a;\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8be5\u7528\u8c01&#xff1f;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f20\u8f93\u5de5\u5177\u5404\u6709\u5343\u79cb&#xff0c;rzsz \u5e76\u975e\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5de5\u5177 \/ \u534f\u8bae\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4f18\u70b9\u7f3a\u70b9<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">rz \/ sz<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e34\u65f6\u4e92\u4f20\u51e0\u5146\u3001\u51e0\u5341\u5146\u7684\u5c0f\u811a\u672c\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6781\u81f4\u4fbf\u6377&#xff0c;\u5728\u652f\u6301 ZMODEM \u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9700\u53e6\u5916\u5efa\u7acb\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u3002<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u590d\u6742\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u8d85\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4f20\u8f93&#xff1b;\u5177\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u80fd\u529b\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3001lrzsz \u7248\u672c\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u76ee\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6253\u5305\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">SFTP(Xftp\/FileZilla)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f20\u5927\u91cf\u788e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u51e0\u767e\u5146\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u4e2a G \u7684\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u62d6\u62fd&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u65ad\u70b9\u7eed\u4f20&#xff0c;\u4f20\u8f93\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u6253\u5f00\u72ec\u7acb\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u624b\u8981\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u548c\u9f20\u6807\u95f4\u9891\u7e41\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">scp \/ rsync<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u5feb&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u751f\u81ea\u5e26&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301 -r \u4f20\u8f93\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7eaf\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8f83\u957f&#xff0c;\u9700\u8f93\u5165\u76ee\u6807 IP\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u53ca\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a; rzsz \u662f Linux \u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u745e\u58eb\u519b\u5200\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u5e72\u4e0d\u4e86\u91cd\u6d3b&#xff08;\u4f20\u8f93\u8d85\u5927\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u624b\u5934\u96f6\u788e\u7684\u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93&#xff0c;\u5176\u6548\u7387\u65e0\u53ef\u5339\u654c\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u597d\u4f60\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u628a rz -be \u523b\u8fdb DNA \u91cc&#xff0c;\u80fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u7701\u4e0b\u65e0\u6570\u6b21\u5207\u6362\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;xshell\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff1f;\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u201c\u7ec8\u7aef\u201d&#xff08;Terminal&#xff09;\u3001\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u201d&#xff08;CLI&#xff09;\u3001\u201cShell\u201d\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f88\u591a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u89c9\u5f97\u6982\u5ff5\u975e\u5e38\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n<li>Xshell \u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5b83\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86 SSH \u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u529f\u80fd&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46\u540c\u65f6&#xff0c;Xshell \u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7ec8\u7aef\u201d&#xff08;\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u53eb\u201c\u7ec8\u7aef\u6a21\u62df\u5668\u201d&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u4f60\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5f7b\u5e95\u7406\u6e05&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u628a\u65f6\u95f4\u7a0d\u5fae\u5f80\u524d\u62e8\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e00\u3001 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u7ec8\u7aef\u201d (Terminal)&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a&#xff08;\u5927\u578b\u673a&#xff09;\u975e\u5e38\u6602\u8d35&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u90a3\u4e48\u5927&#xff0c;\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u8981\u7ed9\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u600e\u4e48\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5462&#xff1f;\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u4ece\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u62c9\u51fa\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u6839\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u8fde\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f4d\u4e0a\u3002\u5de5\u4f4d\u4e0a\u653e\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709\u663e\u793a\u5668\u548c\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u6ca1\u6709 CPU \u548c\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u94c1\u58f3\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94c1\u58f3\u5b50\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u628a\u4f60\u6309\u4e0b\u7684\u952e\u76d8\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u7ebf\u4f20\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u628a\u4e3b\u673a\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53eb\u786c\u4ef6\u7ec8\u7aef (Terminal)\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u7ec8\u70b9\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u8bdd\u7b52\u548c\u663e\u793a\u677f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e8c\u3001 \u73b0\u5728\u7684\u201c\u7ec8\u7aef\u201d\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111&#xff08;PC&#xff09;\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684 CPU \u548c\u663e\u5361&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u90a3\u4e2a\u7b28\u91cd\u7684\u94c1\u58f3\u5b50\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f&#xff0c;\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;\u5c24\u5176\u662f Linux \u548c Unix&#xff09;\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5f53\u5e74\u90a3\u79cd\u201c\u63a5\u6536\u5b57\u7b26 -&gt; \u5904\u7406 -&gt; \u5410\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u753b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u6846\u6846&#xff0c;\u5047\u88c5\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u94c1\u58f3\u5b50\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53eb \u7ec8\u7aef\u6a21\u62df\u5668 (Terminal Emulator)\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7701\u4e8b&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u7edf\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u201c\u7ec8\u7aef\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u628a\u51e0\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u5f00&#xff1a;Xshell \u548c macOS Terminal \u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\/\u7ec8\u7aef\u6a21\u62df\u5668\u4e00\u7c7b&#xff1b;Windows Terminal \u6216\u4f20\u7edf Console Host \u8d1f\u8d23\u7ec8\u7aef\u754c\u9762&#xff1b;\u800c cmd.exe\u3001PowerShell \u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\/Shell\u3002 \u7ec8\u7aef\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b57\u7b26\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u663e\u793a&#xff0c;Shell \u624d\u8d1f\u8d23\u7406\u89e3\u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e09\u3001 \u8c01\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u7684&#xff1f;(Shell)<\/h4>\n<p>\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0d\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u754c\u9762\u5417&#xff1f;\u201d \u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u7ec8\u7aef\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b57\u7b26\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u663e\u793a&#xff1b;\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u80cc\u540e\u771f\u6b63\u8d1f\u8d23\u89e3\u6790\u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u201c\u5927\u8111\u201d\u53eb Shell&#xff08;\u58f3\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff09;\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709 Linux \u91cc\u7684 bash\u3001zsh&#xff0c;Windows \u5219\u6709 cmd.exe\u3001PowerShell \u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff08;\u5982 Xshell&#xff09;\u548c Shell \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ec8\u7aef (Xshell)&#xff1a;\u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u6309\u952e\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d8\u6210\u5b57\u6bcd&#xff0c;\u53d1\u7ed9 Shell&#xff1b;\u518d\u628a Shell \u4f20\u56de\u6765\u7684\u6587\u5b57&#xff0c;\u67d3\u4e0a\u989c\u8272&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u628a\u4f60\u6572\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u547d\u4ee4\u6807\u7ea2&#xff09;\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Shell (Bash)&#xff1a;\u8d1f\u8d23\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u4f60\u6572\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u9047\u5230 ls \u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u542f\u52a8 ls \u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff1b;\u968f\u540e ls \u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5411\u5185\u6838\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u518d\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5199\u56de\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u56db\u3001 \u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;Xshell \u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u56de\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u7591\u95ee&#xff0c;Xshell \u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5176\u5b9e\u662f&#xff1a;\u7ec8\u7aef\u6a21\u62df\u5668 &#043; SSH \u7f51\u7edc\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6253\u4e2a\u6bd4\u65b9\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4f60\u6572\u51fb\u4e00\u6b21\u952e\u76d8\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684 Shell (Bash) &#061; \u8fdc\u5728\u5929\u8fb9\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u8001\u5916&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b9e\u9645\u5e72\u6d3b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>SSH \u534f\u8bae (\u7f51\u7edc) &#061; \u8de8\u6d0b\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f60\u4eec\u4fe9\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u4e0d\u88ab\u7a83\u542c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Xshell (\u7ec8\u7aef) &#061; \u4f60\u624b\u91cc\u7684\u8fd9\u90e8\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7535\u8bdd\u673a&#xff08;Xshell&#xff09;\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e1a\u52a1\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c2\u4f60\u4eec\u5728\u804a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u4f60\u5634\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd&#xff08;\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165&#xff09;\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf&#xff08;SSH&#xff09;\u4f20\u7ed9\u8001\u5916&#xff08;Shell&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u628a\u8001\u5916\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u7528\u626c\u58f0\u5668&#xff08;\u5c4f\u5e55\u9ed1\u6846&#xff09;\u64ad\u653e\u7ed9\u4f60\u542c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u4f60\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4 Xshell \u662f\u8fde\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u5177&#xff08;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d2\u4e86\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef&#xff08;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u542c\u7b52\/\u8bdd\u7b52&#xff09;\u3002\u7406\u6e05\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8109\u7edc&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u540e\u4f60\u518d\u542c\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u7ed5\u4e86&#xff01;<\/p>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;scp-Secure Copy&#xff08;\u5b89\u5168\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<p>scp \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 SSH \u4f20\u8f93\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u8981\u4e24\u7aef\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 SSH\/scp \u652f\u6301&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u4e24\u8fb9\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f Linux\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4 rzsz \u662f Linux \u4f20\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u6307\u7532\u5200\u201d&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48 scp \u5c31\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5e72\u91cd\u6d3b\u7684\u201c\u5927\u780d\u5200\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>scp \u7684\u5168\u79f0\u662f Secure Copy&#xff08;\u5b89\u5168\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff09;\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a cp&#xff08;\u672c\u5730\u590d\u5236&#xff09;\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5347\u7ea7\u7248\u3002\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e SSH \u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7 SSH \u8fde\u4e0a\u90a3\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u7528 scp \u4f20\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e14\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5168\u94fe\u8def\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684&#xff0c;\u975e\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u548c C&#043;&#043; \u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u628a\u51e0\u5341\u5146\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u73af\u5883\u5305\u3001\u6570\u767e\u5146\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4f20\u5230 CentOS 7 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6&#xff0c;scp \u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e00\u3001 scp \u7684\u4e07\u80fd\u8bed\u6cd5\u516c\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<p>\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91&#xff1a;\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765&#xff08;\u6e90\u8def\u5f84&#xff09; \u27a1\ufe0f \u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb&#xff08;\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">scp<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u6e90\u5934\u8def\u5f84<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u793a\u201c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u201d&#xff1f; \u5728 scp \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u683c\u5305\u542b \u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001IP\u5730\u5740&#xff08;\u6216\u57df\u540d&#xff09;\u3001\u5192\u53f7\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u8def\u5f84&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a; \u7528\u6237\u540d&#064;\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP:\/\u5177\u4f53\u7684\/\u76ee\u5f55\/\u6216\u6587\u4ef6 \u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; root&#064;192.168.1.100:\/opt\/my_project\/<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e8c\u3001 \u5b9e\u6218\u6f14\u7ec3&#xff1a;\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684 4 \u5927\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u7684\u672c\u5730\u7535\u8111&#xff08;\u6216 A \u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff09;\u8981\u548c\u4f60\u7684 CentOS 7 \u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff08;B \u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u5047\u8bbe IP \u4e3a 10.0.0.8&#xff09;\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f 1&#xff1a;\u628a\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u201c\u63a8\u201d\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff08;\u4e0a\u4f20&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u628a\u672c\u5730\u7684 main.cpp \u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 \/home\/user\/code\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">scp<\/span> main.cpp root&#064;10.0.0.8:\/home\/user\/code\/<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u6572\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u540e&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\u8f93\u5165 root \u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5bc6\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u540e&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u7acb\u523b\u5f00\u59cb\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f 2&#xff1a;\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6587\u4ef6\u201c\u62c9\u201d\u5230\u672c\u5730&#xff08;\u4e0b\u8f7d&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684 error.log \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u672c\u5730\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">scp<\/span> root&#064;10.0.0.8:\/var\/log\/error.log .\/<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ec6\u8282\u63d0\u793a&#xff1a;\u6ce8\u610f\u6700\u540e\u7684 .\/&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u5730\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5343\u4e07\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u5199\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84&#xff01;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f 3&#xff1a;\u4f20\u8f93\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff08;\u6781\u5176\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u628a\u672c\u5730\u7684\u6574\u4e2a C&#043;&#043;_Project \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 \/opt\/ \u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">scp<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-r<\/span> C&#043;&#043;_Project\/ root&#064;10.0.0.8:\/opt\/<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;-r (recursive&#xff0c;\u9012\u5f52)\u3002\u548c zip -r \u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0 -r&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219 scp \u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f 4&#xff1a;\u4e24\u53f0\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u4f20&#xff08;\u4e91\u7aef\u5bf9\u62f7&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u5750\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7535\u8111\u524d&#xff0c;\u6307\u6325 A \u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff08;10.0.0.8&#xff09;\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u7ed9 B \u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff08;10.0.0.9&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">scp<\/span> root&#064;10.0.0.8:\/opt\/data.sql root&#064;10.0.0.9:\/backup\/<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f18\u52bf&#xff1a;scp \u652f\u6301\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8def\u5f84\u63cf\u8ff0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u662f\u8fdc\u7aef\u76f4\u4f20\u8fd8\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u672c\u673a\u4e2d\u8f6c&#xff0c;\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e OpenSSH\/scp \u7684\u7248\u672c\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u9009\u9879&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u201c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u672c\u673a\u201d\u5f53\u6210\u56fa\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4e09\u3001 \u9ad8\u9636\u5b9e\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86 -r&#xff0c;\u4f60\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u75db\u70b9\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>1. -P (\u5927\u5199 P)&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u6807\u51c6 SSH \u7aef\u53e3<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u5751\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff01;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u628a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 22 \u7aef\u53e3\u6539\u6210\u4e86 2222&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 \u5927\u5199\u7684 -P \u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f P \u662f\u5927\u5199&#xff0c;\u4e14\u653e\u5728\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u524d\u9762<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">scp<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-P<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2222<\/span> local.txt root&#064;10.0.0.8:\/tmp\/<\/p>\n<p>(&#x1f4a1; \u5410\u69fd&#xff1a;Linux \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u53cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u75db\u70b9\u5c31\u662f&#xff1a;ssh \u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5c0f\u5199 -p&#xff0c;\u800c scp \u5374\u504f\u504f\u7528\u5927\u5199 -P\u3002\u8001\u5175\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u6572\u9519\u3002)<\/p>\n<h5>2. -p (\u5c0f\u5199 p)&#xff1a;\u4fdd\u7559\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5c5e\u6027<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">scp<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-p<\/span> script.sh root&#064;10.0.0.8:\/opt\/<\/p>\n<p>\u4f20\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff08;\u5982\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650 chmod &#043;x&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>3. -l (limit)&#xff1a;\u9650\u5236\u4f20\u8f93\u5e26\u5bbd<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u767d\u5929\u4e1a\u52a1\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u4f20\u5927\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e26\u5bbd\u5360\u6ee1\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7ad9\u5361\u987f&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u901f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9650\u5236\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a <span class=\"token number\">8000<\/span> Kbit\/s <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>\u5927\u7ea6 1MB\/s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">scp<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-l<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">8000<\/span> huge_file.tar.gz root&#064;10.0.0.8:\/tmp\/<\/p>\n<h4>\u56db\u3001 \u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357\u4e0e\u8fdb\u9636\u5efa\u8bae<\/h4>\n<li>\n<p>\u9759\u9ed8\u8986\u76d6&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u6094\u836f&#xff01; scp \u9047\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u6709\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u786e\u8ba4\u63d0\u793a&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u65e0\u60c5\u8986\u76d6&#xff01;\u5728\u8986\u76d6\u91cd\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u524d&#xff0c;\u5207\u8bb0\u5148\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5907\u4efd\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u8f93\u5bc6\u7801&#xff1f; \u9891\u7e41\u4f7f\u7528 scp \u65f6&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u8981\u8f93\u957f\u957f\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u914d\u7f6e SSH \u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9\u514d\u5bc6\u767b\u5f55&#xff08;\u4f7f\u7528 ssh-keygen \u548c ssh-copy-id&#xff09;\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u597d\u540e&#xff0c;scp \u4f1a\u50cf\u672c\u5730\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e00\u6837\u4e1d\u6ed1&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9700\u4eba\u5de5\u5e72\u9884&#xff0c;\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5199\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u90e8\u7f72\u811a\u672c\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u6587\u4ef6\u8d85\u5927&#xff08;\u51e0\u5341GB&#xff09;\u600e\u4e48\u529e&#xff1f; scp \u6700\u5927\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u65ad\u70b9\u7eed\u4f20\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f20\u4e86 99% \u65f6\u7f51\u7edc\u65ad\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u5934\u91cd\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fdb\u9636\u65b9\u6848&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u8d85\u5927\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 scp \u7684\u8001\u5927\u54e5 \u2014\u2014 rsync \u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;rsync -avzP local_folder\/ root&#064;10.0.0.8:\/opt\/&#xff08;\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u65ad\u70b9\u7eed\u4f20&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u80fd\u53ea\u4f20\u8f93\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u589e\u91cf\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u5feb&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a; \u65e5\u5e38\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7535\u8111\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u4f4f scp [\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6] [\u8d26\u53f7&#064;IP:\/\u8def\u5f84] \u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u52a0\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u76ee\u5f55\u5fc5\u5907\u7684 -r&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8de8\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u4ef6\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>tar\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>tar&#xff08;Tape Archive&#xff0c;\u78c1\u5e26\u5f52\u6863&#xff09;\u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u8001\u724c\u3001\u6700\u6743\u5a01&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6253\u5305\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u201c\u6253\u5305\u201d\u548c\u201c\u538b\u7f29\u201d \u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8bf4\u3002\u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u5148\u7528 tar \u6253\u5305&#xff0c;\u518d\u7528 gzip \u6216 bzip2 \u538b\u7f29<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6253\u5305 (Archiving)&#xff1a; \u662f\u6307\u5c06\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u628a\u6563\u4e71\u7684\u8863\u670d\u653e\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u674e\u7bb1&#xff0c;\u4f53\u79ef\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u4f46\u65b9\u4fbf\u642c\u8fd0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u538b\u7f29 (Compression)&#xff1a; \u662f\u6307\u901a\u8fc7\u7b97\u6cd5\u51cf\u5c11\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u628a\u884c\u674e\u7bb1\u91cc\u7684\u8863\u670d\u901a\u8fc7\u62bd\u771f\u7a7a\u888b\u62bd\u6389\u7a7a\u6c14&#xff0c;\u4f53\u79ef\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4e00\u3001 tar \u7684\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u516c\u5f0f\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>tar \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u642d\u79ef\u6728&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tar<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u4e3b\u64cd\u4f5c<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u538b\u7f29\u7c7b\u578b<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u8f85\u52a9\u53c2\u6570<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>1. \u4e3b\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u5fc5\u9009\u5176\u4e00&#xff0c;\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>-c (Create)&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6253\u5305&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-x (Extract)&#xff1a;\u63d0\u53d6\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u89e3\u538b&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-t (List)&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u4e0d\u89e3\u538b&#xff0c;\u53ea\u5077\u770b&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2. \u538b\u7f29\u7c7b\u578b&#xff08;\u53ef\u9009&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>tar \u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u201c\u6253\u5305\u201d&#xff08;\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u62fc\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u201c\u538b\u7f29\u201d\u3002 \u8981\u51cf\u5c0f\u4f53\u79ef&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u914d\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-z (gzip)&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528 gzip \u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528&#xff0c;\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u5747\u8861&#xff0c;\u540e\u7f00\u901a\u5e38\u662f .tar.gz \u6216 .tgz\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-j (bzip2)&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528 bzip2 \u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u6bd4 gzip \u9ad8&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8017\u65f6\u66f4\u957f&#xff0c;\u540e\u7f00\u901a\u5e38\u662f .tar.bz2\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-J (xz)&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528 xz \u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u6700\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u6781\u5176\u8017\u65f6&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u5e03\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u7801\u7b49\u5bf9\u4f53\u79ef\u8981\u6c42\u82db\u523b\u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff0c;\u540e\u7f00\u901a\u5e38\u662f .tar.xz\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3. \u8f85\u52a9\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u9ad8\u9891\u4f7f\u7528&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>-v (Verbose)&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff08;\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6eda\u52a8\u663e\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-f (File)&#xff1a;\u26a0\ufe0f \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u6570 \u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u6307\u5b9a\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u7d27\u8ddf\u5728\u4f60\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u89e3\u538b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e4b\u524d&#xff08; -f \u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6307\u8def\u724c\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f&#xff1a;\u201c&#x1f449; \u7d27\u6328\u7740\u6211\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u7684\u540d\u5b57&#xff01;\u201d&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>-C (\u5927\u5199 C, Change directory)&#xff1a;\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u538b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6307\u5b9a\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528\u4e00\u6761 tar \u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u628a\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9&#xff08;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8def\u5f84&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 -C&#xff08;\u5927\u5199&#xff09;\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b&#xff1a; \u4e0d\u7528\u53bb\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc tar \u7684\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u628a tar -czf (\u6253\u5305\u538b\u7f29) \u548c tar -xzf (\u89e3\u538b) \u5f53\u4f5c\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u523b\u5728\u8111\u5b50\u91cc&#xff0c;\u9047\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6392\u9664\u6216\u8def\u5f84\u9700\u6c42\u65f6&#xff0c;\u518d\u6765\u67e5\u9605 &#8211;exclude \u548c -C \u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e8c\u3001 \u5b9e\u6218\u6f14\u7ec3&#xff1a;\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684 5 \u5927\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<p>\u628a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u6572\u51fb\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f 1&#xff1a;\u628a\u76ee\u5f55\u6253\u5305\u5e76\u538b\u7f29&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u628a \/var\/www\/html\/project \u76ee\u5f55\u6253\u5305\u6210 project.tar.gz\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tar<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-czvf<\/span> project.tar.gz \/var\/www\/html\/project<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u539f\u7406\u89e3\u6790&#xff1a;c (\u521b\u5efa) &#043; z (gzip\u538b\u7f29) &#043; v (\u770b\u8fdb\u5ea6) &#043; f (\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a project.tar.gz)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f 2&#xff1a;\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/h5>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u628a project.tar.gz \u89e3\u5f00&#xff0c;\u653e\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tar<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-xzvf<\/span> project.tar.gz<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f4a1; Pro Tip&#xff08;\u9ad8\u9636\u6280\u5de7&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u73b0\u4ee3 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 tar \u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u806a\u660e&#xff0c;\u5b83\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u538b\u7f29\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u89e3\u538b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u662f .gz, .bz2 \u8fd8\u662f .xz&#xff0c;\u4f60\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7701\u7565\u538b\u7f29\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u7edf\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u62db\u9c9c&#xff1a; tar -xvf project.tar.gz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f 3&#xff1a;\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55<\/h5>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u628a\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u89e3\u538b\u5230 \/opt\/app\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tar<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-xvf<\/span> project.tar.gz <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-C<\/span> \/opt\/app\/<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\u662f\u5927\u5199\u7684 -C&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14 \/opt\/app\/ \u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f 4&#xff1a;\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u75db\u70b9 \u2014\u2014 \u6392\u9664\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5982 node_modules \/ .git&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u6253\u5305\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u7aef\u6216\u540e\u7aef\u9879\u76ee&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u60f3\u628a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93\u548c\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u6253\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tar<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-czvf<\/span> my_code.tar.gz <span class=\"token parameter variable\">&#8211;exclude<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;node_modules&#039;<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">&#8211;exclude<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;.git&#039;<\/span> .\/my_project   <\/p>\n<p>\u628a .\/my_project \u76ee\u5f55\u538b\u7f29\u6210 my_code.tar.gz&#xff0c;\u6392\u9664 node_modules \u548c .git\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 &#8211;exclude&#061;&#039;\u89c4\u5219&#039;&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u591a\u4e2a\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u53d1\u7248\u6216\u5907\u4efd\u7eaf\u6e90\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u573a\u666f 5&#xff1a;\u53ea\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u89e3\u538b<\/h5>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u522b\u4eba\u53d1\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u5305&#xff0c;\u4f60\u60f3\u5148\u770b\u770b\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5371\u9669\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5957\u5a03\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u538b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tar<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-tvf<\/span> unknown_file.tar.gz<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e09\u3001 \u7ecf\u5178\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357&#xff08;\u65b0\u624b\u5fc5\u770b&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<li>\n<p>-f \u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef&#xff08;\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u274c \u9519\u8bef\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz folder\/<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519&#xff1f; \u56e0\u4e3a -f \u540e\u9762\u5fc5\u987b\u7d27\u8ddf\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e2d&#xff0c;tar \u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4f60\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u53eb\u4f5c z&#xff01;<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 \u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;tar -czvf archive.tar.gz folder\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u8b66\u544a (Removing leading \/ from member names) \u5f53\u4f60\u6253\u5305\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u5982 \/etc\/nginx&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;tar \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u628a\u8def\u5f84\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7684\u659c\u6760 \/ \u5220\u6389&#xff08;\u53d8\u6210 etc\/nginx&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u8b66\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60&#xff01; \u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5220\u6389\u659c\u6760&#xff0c;\u5c06\u6765\u4f60\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u89e3\u538b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305&#xff0c;\u5b83\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u884c\u8986\u76d6\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 \/etc\/nginx\u3002\u53bb\u6389\u4e86\u659c\u6760&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u89e3\u538b\u65f6\u53ea\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u91ca\u653e\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u89e3\u538b\u51fa\u201c\u5957\u5a03\u201d\u76ee\u5f55 \u6709\u65f6\u4f60\u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305&#xff0c;\u53d1\u73b0\u91cc\u9762\u662f home\/user\/project\/src\/&#8230; \u8fd9\u4e48\u6df1\u7684\u4e00\u957f\u4e32\u76ee\u5f55\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u53ea\u60f3\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u5c42\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 &#8211;strip-components&#061;\u5c42\u6570 \u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>  \u5265\u79bb\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4e24\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">tar<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-xvf<\/span> project.tar.gz &#8211;strip-components<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<h3>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;tar\u6307\u4ee4\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff1f;zip\u5462&#xff1f;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<p>\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8bef\u89e3&#xff1a;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6253\u5305\u65f6\u4f1a\u201c\u5f3a\u884c\u201d\u628a\u4f60\u7ed9\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u53d8\u6210\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u4ea4\u7ed9 tar \u6216 zip&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982 tar -czvf xxx.tar.gz \/etc\/nginx&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u6253\u5305\u5b58\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u628a\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u659c\u6760 \/ \u780d\u6389&#xff08;\u53d8\u6210 etc\/nginx&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 zip \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e5f\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u628a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5e26\u524d\u5bfc \/ \u7684\u6210\u5458\u540d\u5199\u5165\u5f52\u6863&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982 \/etc\/nginx \u5e38\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u6210 etc\/nginx\/&#8230;\u3002\u4f46 tar \u4e0e zip \u662f\u4e24\u5957\u4e0d\u540c\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u5185\u90e8\u884c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u201d&#xff0c;\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5219\u4ecd\u4ee5\u5404\u81ea\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u9009\u9879\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tar<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-czvf<\/span> xxx.tar.gz \/etc\/nginx<\/p>\n<p>GNU tar \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u628a\u5f00\u5934\u7684 \/ \u53bb\u6389&#xff0c;\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u5185\u90e8\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>etc\/<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 nginx\/<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u89e3\u538b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tar<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-xzvf<\/span> xxx.tar.gz<\/p>\n<p>\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\/<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 etc\/<br \/>\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 nginx\/<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">tar<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-xzvf<\/span> xxx.tar.gz <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-C<\/span> \/tmp<\/p>\n<p>\u5219\u5f97\u5230&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\/tmp\/etc\/nginx\/<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>tar \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53bb\u6389\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5f00\u5934\u7684 \/&#xff0c;\u89e3\u538b\u65f6\u628a\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u91cc\u7684 etc\/nginx \u62fc\u63a5\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6216 -C \u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u540e\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f31f; \u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u7b54\u6848\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168&#xff08;\u9632\u6b62\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u8986\u76d6&#xff09;&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4f60\u76f4\u89c2\u7406\u89e3&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u707e\u96be\u573a\u666f&#xff1a; \u5047\u8bbe tar \u6216 zip \u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u5141\u8bb8\u4fdd\u7559\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 \/\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u9ed1\u5ba2\u7684\u9677\u9631&#xff1a;\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u597d\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5305 awesome_tool.tar.gz\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u91cc\u585e\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u8def\u5f84\u88ab\u4ed6\u6545\u610f\u5199\u6210\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff1a;\/etc\/passwd&#xff08;\u8fd9\u662f Linux \u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u6216\u8005\u662f \/root\/.ssh\/authorized_keys&#xff08;\u514d\u5bc6\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u95e8&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f60\u4e2d\u62db\u4e86&#xff1a;\u4f60\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u968f\u4fbf\u627e\u4e86\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 \/tmp&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5f00\u5fc3\u5730\u6572\u4e0b\u4e86 tar -xzf awesome_tool.tar.gz\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bc1\u706d\u53d1\u751f&#xff1a;\u56e0\u4e3a\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u91cc\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 \/etc\/passwd&#xff0c;tar \u5c31\u4f1a\u65e0\u89c6\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u51b2\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 \/etc\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u672c\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u6587\u4ef6\u5f3a\u884c\u8986\u76d6\u66ff\u6362\u6389&#xff01;\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u77ac\u95f4\u762b\u75ea\u6216\u88ab\u9ed1\u5ba2\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>&#x1f6e1;\ufe0f \u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6548\u7684&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3&#xff0c;GNU tar \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u6210\u5458\u540d\u524d\u5bfc\u7684 \/&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728\u89e3\u5305\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5904\u7406&#xff1b;\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b -P\/&#8211;absolute-names \u8ba9\u660e\u786e\u77e5\u9053\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8986\u76d6\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7edd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u201d\u7684\u6b7b\u89c4\u77e9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u6253\u5305 \/etc\/nginx \u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u780d\u6389 \/ \u53d8\u6210 etc\/nginx\u3002 \u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u201c\u5f52\u6863\u6210\u5458\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4f46\u89e3\u538b\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u65f6\u4ecd\u8981\u8c28\u614e&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca .. \u8def\u5f84\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u8986\u76d6\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u98ce\u9669&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f4a1; \u8fdb\u9636&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u6211\u975e\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u600e\u4e48\u529e&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>Linux \u6c38\u8fdc\u4f1a\u7ed9\u771f\u6b63\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7559\u201c\u540e\u95e8\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u505a\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u6574\u673a\u5907\u4efd&#xff0c;\u89e3\u538b\u65f6\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8ba9\u5b83\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u4fdd\u7559\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e tar&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u5199\u7684 -P (\u6216 &#8211;absolute-names) \u53c2\u6570\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f3a\u5236\u6253\u5305\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff1a;tar -czvPf backup.tar.gz \/etc\/nginx<\/li>\n<li>\u5f3a\u5236\u6309\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u89e3\u538b&#xff1a;tar -xzvPf backup.tar.gz (\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0 -P \u53bb\u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5305&#xff0c;tar \u4f9d\u7136\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5265\u79bb\u524d\u5bfc\u659c\u6760\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a; \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e90\u8def\u5f84\u53bb\u6253\u5305&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5e38\u89c1\u5de5\u5177\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u524d\u5bfc \/ \u539f\u6837\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5f52\u6863\u6210\u5458\u540d\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u8bef\u8986\u76d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u672a\u6765\u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ea\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u91ca\u653e\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>bc\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7684 Shell \u811a\u672c\u4e16\u754c\u91cc&#xff0c;\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5c34\u5c2c\u7684\u75db\u70b9&#xff1a;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 Bash \u73af\u5883\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u6574\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u8f93\u5165 echo $((10 \/ 3))&#xff0c;\u5b83\u53ea\u4f1a\u8001\u8001\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5730\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7b97 1.5 &#043; 2.5&#xff0c;Bash \u76f4\u63a5\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;bc (Basic Calculator) \u5c31\u95ea\u4eae\u767b\u573a\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u4efb\u610f\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668&#xff0c;\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5fae\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u548c\u5199\u811a\u672c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u51e1\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5c0f\u6570\u3001\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u6216\u8005\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u4f60\u8be6\u7ec6\u62c6\u89e3 bc \u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u73a9\u6cd5\u548c\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e00\u3001 \u57fa\u7840\u73a9\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u76f4\u63a5\u6572\u4e0b bc&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u5b83\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>root&#064;centos ~<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token comment\"># bc<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">bc<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1.06<\/span>.95<br \/>\nCopyright <span class=\"token number\">1991<\/span>-1994, <span class=\"token number\">1997<\/span>, <span class=\"token number\">1998<\/span>, <span class=\"token number\">2000<\/span>, <span class=\"token number\">2004<\/span>, <span class=\"token number\">2006<\/span> Free Software Foundation, Inc.<br \/>\nThis is <span class=\"token function\">free<\/span> software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.<br \/>\nFor details <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> &#096;warranty&#039;. <\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u754c\u9762\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u7b97\u5f0f\u5e76\u56de\u8f66&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f93\u5165 1 &#043; 2&#xff0c;\u56de\u8f66\u8f93\u51fa 3<\/li>\n<li>\u8f93\u5165 10^3 (10\u76843\u6b21\u65b9)&#xff0c;\u56de\u8f66\u8f93\u51fa 1000<\/li>\n<li>\u8f93\u5165 quit \u9000\u51fa\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u907f\u5751\u63d0\u793a&#xff08;\u9759\u9ed8\u542f\u52a8&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u6bcf\u6b21\u8fdb bc \u90fd\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u7248\u6743\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe&#xff09;\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e0a -q (quiet) \u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;bc -q&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u6e05\u723d\u5730\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e8c\u3001 \u9ad8\u9636\u5b9e\u6218&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u503c&#xff08;\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5199\u811a\u672c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u624b\u52a8\u8fdb\u5165\u4ea4\u4e92\u754c\u9762\u6572\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6700\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u59ff\u52bf\u662f\u7528 echo \u914d\u5408\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26 | \u628a\u7b97\u5f0f\u201c\u5582\u201d\u7ed9 bc\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>1. \u57fa\u7840\u5c0f\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;1.5 &#043; 2.5&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">bc<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa: 4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>2. scale&#xff1a;\u63a7\u5236\u5c0f\u6570\u7cbe\u5ea6&#xff08;\u9664\u6cd5\u7684\u7075\u9b42&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;bc \u7684 scale \u503c\u4e3a 0&#xff0c;\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u9664\u6cd5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5c0f\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e bc \u53ea\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u6574\u6570\u8f93\u5165&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u9664\u6cd5\u7b49\u8ba1\u7b97\u4fdd\u7559\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5c0f\u6570\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf scale\u3002 \u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u5206\u53f7 ; \u9694\u5f00&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;10 \/ 3&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">bc<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa: 3<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u6307\u5b9a\u4fdd\u7559 4 \u4f4d\u5c0f\u6570<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;scale&#061;4; 10 \/ 3&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">bc<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa: 3.3333<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>3. obase \u4e0e ibase&#xff1a;\u65e0\u654c\u7684\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u5668<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u6392\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u6a2a\u8df3\u3002bc \u662f\u6700\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u5de5\u5177&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>obase (Output Base)&#xff1a;\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u5236&#xff08;\u4f60\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fdb\u5236&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ibase (Input Base)&#xff1a;\u8f93\u5165\u8fdb\u5236&#xff08;\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fdb\u5236&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u573a\u666f A&#xff1a;\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;obase&#061;2; 255&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">bc<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa: 11111111<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f B&#xff1a;\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u5341\u8fdb\u5236<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;ibase&#061;16; FF&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">bc<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa: 255<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u5728 bc \u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\u6bcd\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u5927\u5199&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u5f53\u6210\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u5904\u7406\u800c\u62a5\u9519\u3002)<\/p>\n<h5>4. -l \u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\u5f00\u542f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u5b66\u5e93 (Math Library)<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u7b97\u4e09\u89d2\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5bf9\u6570&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a -l \u53c2\u6570\u5f00\u542f\u6807\u51c6\u6570\u5b66\u5e93\u3002 \u52a0\u4e0a -l \u540e&#xff0c;scale \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53d8\u6210 20 \u4f4d\u5c0f\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u8ba1\u7b97 sqrt(2) &#xff08;\u6839\u53f72&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;sqrt(2)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">bc<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-l<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u8f93\u51fa: 1.41421356237309504880<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u8ba1\u7b97 sin(1) &#xff08;\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a -l&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;s(1)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">bc<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-l<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a; \u65e5\u5e38\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u968f\u624b\u6572\u4e2a\u7b97\u672f\u9898&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5 bc \u56de\u8f66\u5373\u53ef&#xff1b;\u5199\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\u91cc&#xff0c;\u7262\u8bb0 echo &#034;scale&#061;\u5c0f\u6570\u4f4d\u6570; \u7b97\u5f0f&#034; | bc \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u53e5\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u6446\u8131 Bash \u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c0f\u6570\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>uname -r\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u4e16\u754c\u91cc&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u573a\u7387\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u4e13\u4e00&#xff1a;\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u201c\u5185\u6838\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u201d (Kernel Release)\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e00\u3001 \u4e00\u884c\u770b\u4f3c\u4e71\u7801\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5e95\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4f60\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 CentOS 7 \u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u6572\u4e0b uname -r \u5e76\u56de\u8f66\u540e&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e32\u6570\u5b57&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e32\u5b57\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e95\u5c42\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b83\u50cf\u5207\u9999\u80a0\u4e00\u6837\u5207\u5f00\u6765\u770b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5b57\u6bb5\u793a\u4f8b\u8be6\u7ec6\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e3b\u7248\u672c\u53f7 (Major)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Linux \u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u7248\u672c\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u4e3b\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5185\u6838\u67b6\u6784\u53d1\u751f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u6539\u53d8\u201d&#xff1b;\u73b0\u4ee3 Linux \u7684\u7248\u672c\u7f16\u53f7\u4e5f\u53d7\u53d1\u5e03\u8282\u594f\u548c\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6b21\u7248\u672c\u53f7 (Minor)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">10<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u91cd\u5927\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u3002(\u5728\u65e9\u671f Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5076\u6570\u4ee3\u8868\u7a33\u5b9a\u7248&#xff0c;\u5947\u6570\u4ee3\u8868\u5f00\u53d1\u7248&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8fc7\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u5df2\u7ecf\u653e\u5bbd\u4e86\u3002)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4fee\u8ba2\u53f7 (Revision)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4fee\u590d\u4e86 Bug \u6216\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7f16\u8bd1\/\u8865\u4e01\u53f7<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">-1160<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8fd9\u662f RedHat\/CentOS \u5b98\u65b9\u81ea\u5df1\u52a0\u4e0a\u7684\u7f16\u53f7&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a 3.10.0 \u5185\u6838\u6253\u4e86\u51e0\u6b21\u5b89\u5168\u8865\u4e01\u6216\u505a\u4e86\u51e0\u6b21\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u6807\u8bc6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">.el7<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">enterprise linux 7 \u7684\u7f29\u5199&#xff0c;\u660e\u786e\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a CentOS\/RHEL 7 \u7cfb\u5217\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u786c\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">.x86_64<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f60\u7684 CPU \u67b6\u6784\u3002x86_64 \u4ee3\u8868\u666e\u901a\u7684 64 \u4f4d CPU&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u662f aarch64 \u5219\u4ee3\u8868 ARM \u67b6\u6784&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u82f9\u679c M \u82af\u7247\u6216\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e91\u7aef ARM \u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff09;\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u4e8c\u3001 \u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u5230 uname -r&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5e73\u65f6\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u9047\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u786c\u6838\u573a\u666f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u201c\u901a\u884c\u8bc1\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5\u5e95\u5c42\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 Docker&#xff09;&#xff1a; Docker \u5bf9\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u6709\u786c\u6027\u8981\u6c42&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u6c42 CentOS \u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f 3.10 \u4ee5\u4e0a&#xff09;\u3002\u88c5 Docker \u524d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u6572 uname -r \u9a8c\u660e\u6b63\u8eab\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5\u663e\u5361\u6216\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u88c5\u9700\u8981\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u7684 NVIDIA \u663e\u5361\u9a71\u52a8&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u7f16\u8bd1\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u5185\u6838\u7684 ABI\u3001\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\/\u5f00\u53d1\u5305\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u6301\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5916\u90e8\u6a21\u5757\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u6838\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u201c\u7248\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u4e1d\u4e00\u6beb\u4e0d\u5dee\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>C&#043;&#043; \u5e95\u5c42\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b&#xff1a; \u4f60\u5728\u505a C&#043;&#043; \u5f00\u53d1\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u7528\u5230\u4e86 Linux \u7279\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528&#xff08;System Calls&#xff09;\u6216\u6bd4\u5982 epoll \u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u6027&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5185\u6838\u8868\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5dee\u5f02&#xff0c;\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6392\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f0f\u6d1e&#xff08;\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u5f53\u7206\u51fa\u67d0\u4e2a Linux \u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6f0f\u6d1e&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u810f\u725b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u201d Dirty COW&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7acb\u523b\u7528 uname -r \u68c0\u67e5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u662f\u5426\u5728\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u540d\u5355\u5185\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>\u4e09\u3001 \u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5927\u7075\u9b42\u62f7\u95ee\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u624b\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u641e\u6df7&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e2e\u4f60\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7406\u6e05&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u201c\u6211\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u662f\u591a\u5c11&#xff1f;\u201d &#x1f449; \u6572 uname -r (\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u201c\u6211\u7684 CPU \u662f 32 \u4f4d\u8fd8\u662f 64 \u4f4d\u7684&#xff1f;\u201d &#x1f449; \u6572 uname -m \u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u6572 arch (\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;x86_64)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u201c\u6211\u5230\u5e95\u7528\u7684\u662f Ubuntu \u8fd8\u662f CentOS&#xff1f;\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u51e0 20.04 \u8fd8\u662f 7.9&#xff1f;\u201d &#x1f449; \u6572 cat \/etc\/os-release \u6216\u8005 cat \/etc\/redhat-release (\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;Linux \u7684\u201c\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7248\u672c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u201d\u662f\u4e24\u7801\u4e8b\u3002CentOS 7.9 \u662f\u53d1\u884c\u7248&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5185\u90e8\u642d\u8f7d\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u662f 3.10 \u5185\u6838\u3002)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u7ec8\u6781\u5077\u61d2\u6280\u5de7&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8bb0\u4e0d\u4f4f -r \u8fd8\u662f -m&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6572 uname -a (all)\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u628a\u673a\u5668\u540d\u3001\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u67b6\u6784\u7b49\u6240\u6709\u5e95\u5c42\u4fe1\u606f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5168\u90e8\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>type<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u547d\u4ee4\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n<p>type \u662f Bash \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7c7b\u578b&#xff08;Shell \u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83&#xff09;\u3002\u77e5\u9053\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u5e2e\u52a9&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u662f Shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982 cd\u3001echo\u3001read&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662f Shell \u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u7528 help \u547d\u4ee4\u540d \u67e5\u770b\u5e2e\u52a9&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u662f \u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982 ls\u3001grep\u3001find&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u7528 man \u547d\u4ee4\u540d \u6216 info \u547d\u4ee4\u540d \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u624b\u518c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u8bb0\u6210&#xff1a;Shell \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u770b help&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u770b man\/info\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u4e94\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7c7b\u578b\u8bf4\u660e\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>alias<\/td>\n<td>\u522b\u540d<\/td>\n<td>ls \u5e38\u88ab\u522b\u540d\u4e3a ls &#8211;color&#061;auto<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>keyword<\/td>\n<td>Shell \u4fdd\u7559\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/td>\n<td>if\u3001for\u3001while<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>function<\/td>\n<td>Shell \u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>builtin<\/td>\n<td>Shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<td>cd\u3001echo\u3001type<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>file<\/td>\n<td>\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\/usr\/bin\/date<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>3. \u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u9009\u9879<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>-aftpP<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> name <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>name <span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>.<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u9009\u9879\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>-a<\/td>\n<td>\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff08;\u542b\u522b\u540d\u3001\u5185\u5efa\u3001PATH\u8def\u5f84&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-t<\/td>\n<td>\u4ec5\u8f93\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u5355\u8bcd&#xff08;alias\/keyword\/function\/builtin\/file&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u65e0\u7ed3\u679c\u5219\u65e0\u8f93\u51fa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-p<\/td>\n<td>\u4ec5\u5bf9 file \u7c7b\u578b\u8fd4\u56de\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u65e0\u8f93\u51fa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-P<\/td>\n<td>\u5f3a\u5236\u5728 PATH \u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u5ffd\u7565\u522b\u540d\/\u5185\u5efa&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-f<\/td>\n<td>\u6392\u9664 Shell \u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>4. \u5e38\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<p> \u67e5\u522b\u540d<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span>               <span class=\"token comment\"># ls is aliased to &#096;ls &#8211;color&#061;auto&#039;<\/span><\/p>\n<p> \u67e5\u5185\u5efa<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span>               <span class=\"token comment\"># cd is a shell builtin<\/span><\/p>\n<p> \u67e5\u5173\u952e\u5b57<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span>               <span class=\"token comment\"># if is a shell keyword<\/span><\/p>\n<p> \u67e5\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">date<\/span>             <span class=\"token comment\"># date is \/usr\/bin\/date<\/span><\/p>\n<p> \u4ec5\u8f93\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-t<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span>           <span class=\"token comment\"># keyword<\/span><\/p>\n<p> \u663e\u793a\u5168\u90e8\u7c7b\u578b&#xff08;\u5305\u542b\u5185\u5efa\u548c\u5916\u90e8&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-a<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\"># echo is aliased&#8230; \/ builtin&#8230; \/ \/bin\/echo<\/span><\/p>\n<p> \u5f3a\u5236\u67e5<span class=\"token environment constant\">PATH<\/span>&#xff08;\u5ffd\u7565\u5185\u5efa&#xff09;<br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">type<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-P<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">printf<\/span>        <span class=\"token comment\"># \/usr\/bin\/printf<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>5. \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u547d\u4ee4\u9002\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>type<\/td>\n<td>\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u6700\u5168\u9762&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>which<\/td>\n<td>\u4ec5\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>whereis<\/td>\n<td>\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4 &#043; \u6e90\u7801\/\u624b\u518c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bash \u67e5\u627e\u987a\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u522b\u540d \u2192 \u5185\u5efa \u2192 PATH \u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;type \u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a\u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u7801&#xff1a;\u5168\u627e\u5230\u4e3a 0&#xff0c;\u4efb\u4e00\u672a\u627e\u5230\u4e3a 1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e2e\u52a9&#xff1a;help type&#xff08;\u5185\u5efa\u4e13\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>linux\u4e2d\u7684\u70ed\u952e<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c&#xff08;Terminal \/ Bash&#xff09;\u4e16\u754c\u91cc&#xff0c;\u9f20\u6807\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6d3e\u4e0d\u4e0a\u7528\u573a\u7684\u3002\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1\u7ec8\u7aef\u5feb\u6377\u952e&#xff08;\u70ed\u952e&#xff09;&#xff0c;<\/p>\n<p>Linux \u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u70ed\u952e\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u5149\u6807\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u56db\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u4f60\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u6700\u5b9e\u7528\u3001\u6700\u786c\u6838\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u6307\u5357&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e00\u3001 \u6551\u547d\u795e\u952e&#xff08;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5c4f\u5e55\u63a7\u5236&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u529f\u80fd\u5168\u79f0\u5b9e\u9645\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Tab<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Auto-complete (\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&#x1f31f; \u7ec8\u7aef\u7b2c\u4e00\u795e\u952e&#xff01;\u9632\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u7701\u529b\u6c14\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u7edd\u62db\u30021. \u6309\u4e00\u4e0b&#xff1a;\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u524d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5e2e\u4f60\u8865\u9f50\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5168\u5199\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8f93\u5165 cd \/et \u6309 Tab&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u53d8\u6210 cd \/etc\/\u30022. \u8fde\u6309\u4e24\u4e0b&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u6309\u4e00\u4e0b\u6ca1\u53cd\u5e94&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5f00\u5934\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9009\u9879&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u8f93\u5165 c&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fde\u6309\u4e24\u4e0b Tab&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u628a\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u80fd\u6572\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 c \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5168\u90e8\u5217\u51fa\u6765\u4f9b\u4f60\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; C<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Interrupt (\u4e2d\u65ad)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5f3a\u5236\u4e2d\u6b62\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528 top \u770b\u82b1\u773c\u4e86&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u8dd1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u811a\u672c&#xff0c;\u65e0\u8111\u6309\u5b83\u5c31\u5bf9\u4e86\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; D<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">EOF (\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5411\u5f53\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8868\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u7ed3\u675f&#xff08;EOF&#xff09;\u3002\u5728 Shell \u7684\u7a7a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 Shell \u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u7c7b\u4f3c exit&#xff1b;\u5728 cat &gt; file\u3001bc \u7b49\u7b49\u5f85\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u66f4\u591a\u8868\u793a\u201c\u540e\u7eed\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u4e86\u201d\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; L<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Clear (\u6e05\u5c4f)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6e05\u7a7a\u5f53\u524d\u5c4f\u5e55\u3002 \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6572\u4e86 clear \u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u8f93\u5165\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u6700\u4e0a\u65b9\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; Z<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Suspend (\u6302\u8d77)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u901a\u5e38\u5411\u524d\u53f0\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53d1\u9001 SIGTSTP&#xff0c;\u628a\u5b83\u6682\u505c&#xff08;Stopped&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c&#xff1b;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 bg \u8ba9\u5b83\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u7ee7\u7eed&#xff0c;\u6216\u7528 fg \u62c9\u56de\u524d\u53f0\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; S<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Stop (\u9501\u5c4f)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u26a0\ufe0f \u65b0\u624b\u5de8\u5751&#xff01; \u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u9501\u5b9a\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6309\u5230\u4e86&#xff0c;\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u50cf\u6b7b\u673a\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u6572\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; Q<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Quit stop (\u89e3\u9501)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u89e3\u9664\u9501\u5c4f\u72b6\u6001\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6309\u4e86 Ctrl&#043;S \u5bfc\u81f4\u5c4f\u5e55\u5361\u6b7b&#xff0c;\u6309 Ctrl&#043;Q \u5c31\u80fd\u77ac\u95f4\u6ee1\u8840\u590d\u6d3b&#xff01;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u6838\u5fc3\u5efa\u8bae&#xff1a; \u5728 Linux \u91cc\u6572\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5730\u6b7b\u78d5\u6572\u5b8c&#xff1b;\u8f93\u5165\u524d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5584\u7528 Tab \u8865\u5168\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f46\u8865\u5168\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u5339\u914d\u9879&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f60\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807 100% \u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u60f3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e8c\u3001 \u77ac\u79fb\u795e\u952e&#xff08;\u5149\u6807\u5feb\u901f\u79fb\u52a8&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u6572\u4e86\u4e00\u884c\u6781\u957f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u6700\u524d\u9762\u5c11\u6572\u4e86 sudo&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e00\u76f4\u6309\u5de6\u65b9\u5411\u952e \u2190 \u632a\u8fc7\u53bb&#xff0c;\u5c31\u592a\u5916\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53e3\u8bc0\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; A<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Ahead<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u77ac\u95f4\u8df3\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5f00\u5934\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; E<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">End<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u77ac\u95f4\u8df3\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u6700\u672b\u5c3e\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Alt &#043; F<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Forward<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5411\u524d\u8df3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd&#xff08;\u82f1\u6587\u5355\u8bcd\u8df3\u8dc3&#xff09;\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Alt &#043; B<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Backward<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5411\u540e\u8df3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; XX<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">(\u8fde\u6309\u4e24\u6b21 X)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5728\u5149\u6807\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u884c\u9996\u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u4e09\u3001 \u526a\u5200\u624b&#xff08;\u5feb\u901f\u5220\u9664\u4e0e\u7c98\u8d34&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u6572\u9519\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u60f3\u4e00\u76f4\u6309 Backspace&#xff08;\u9000\u683c\u952e&#xff09;&#xff1f;\u8fd9\u5957\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u6309\u8bcd\u3001\u6309\u6bb5\u843d\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u642d\u914d\u7edd\u6280<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; U<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u6240\u5728\u5904&#xff0c;\u5230\u884c\u9996\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u3002&#xff08;\u6572\u9519\u4e00\u884c&#xff0c;\u77ac\u95f4\u6e05\u7a7a\u91cd\u5199&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u914d\u5408 Ctrl&#043;E \u8df3\u5230\u672b\u5c3e&#xff0c;\u518d\u6309 Ctrl&#043;U \u7b49\u4e8e\u6e05\u7a7a\u6574\u884c\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; K<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u6240\u5728\u5904&#xff0c;\u5230\u884c\u5c3e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; W<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5411\u5de6\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u3002&#xff08;\u6572\u9519\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u6700\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Ctrl &#043; Y<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7c98\u8d34\u521a\u521a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002&#xff08;Yank&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u521a\u624d\u7528 Ctrl&#043;U\/K\/W \u5220\u6389\u7684\u4e1c\u897f&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b9e\u88ab\u5b58\u8fdb\u526a\u8d34\u677f\u4e86&#xff0c;\u6309 Ctrl&#043;Y \u53ef\u4ee5\u8d34\u56de\u6765&#xff0c;\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u201c\u526a\u5207&#043;\u7c98\u8d34\u201d\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u56db\u3001 \u65f6\u5149\u673a&#xff08;\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u53ec\u5524&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u72c2\u6309 \u2191 \u4e0a\u65b9\u5411\u952e\u53bb\u627e\u6628\u5929\u6572\u8fc7\u7684\u957f\u547d\u4ee4\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ctrl &#043; R (Reverse Search) \u2014\u2014 &#x1f31f; \u7ec8\u6781\u795e\u6280\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u6309\u4e0b Ctrl &#043; R&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u90a3\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u8f93\u5165 ssh \u6216 tar&#xff09;\u3002\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u91cc\u628a\u6700\u8fd1\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u547d\u4ee4\u7ffb\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f&#xff1a;\u7ee7\u7eed\u6309 Ctrl &#043; R&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u524d\u7ffb\u66f4\u8001\u7684\u5339\u914d\u9879\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u786e\u8ba4\u6267\u884c&#xff1a;\u627e\u5230\u540e&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u56de\u8f66\u5c31\u80fd\u6267\u884c&#xff1b;\u6309\u53f3\u65b9\u5411\u952e \u2192 \u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u547d\u4ee4\u62c9\u51fa\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>!! (\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u611f\u53f9\u53f7)\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ecf\u5178\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u6572\u4e86\u4e00\u957f\u4e32\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u73b0\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u591f\u62a5\u9519&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6572 sudo !!&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5e2e\u4f60\u6267\u884c sudo \u521a\u624d\u90a3\u4e32\u957f\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>!$ (\u611f\u53f9\u53f7\u52a0\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26)\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u8c03\u7528\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ecf\u5178\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u4f60\u521a\u6572\u4e86 ls -l \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log&#xff0c;\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u773c\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u63a5\u7740\u60f3\u67e5\u770b\u5b83&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6572 cat !$&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c cat \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0&#xff1a;shell\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd0\u2f8f\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e25\u683c\u4ece Linux \u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u6307 Linux \u5185\u6838&#xff08;kernel&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u65e5\u5e38\u53c8\u5e38\u7528 Linux \u6307\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u5185\u6838\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u968f\u610f\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u6838\u5185\u90e8&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u53d7\u63a7\u63a5\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u6838\u80fd\u529b\u3002Shell \u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u6838\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9014\u5f84&#xff1b;\u666e\u901a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e93\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u6838\u670d\u52a1\u3002 \u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3&#xff1f;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c kernel&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u2ec6\u5ea6&#xff0c;Shell\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u547d\u4ee4\u2f8f\u89e3\u91ca\u5668&#xff08;commandInterpreter&#xff09;\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b&#xff1a; \u2022 \u901a\u4fd7\u5730\u8bf4&#xff0c;Shell \u4f1a\u89e3\u6790\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u6267\u884c\u5185\u7f6e\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u542f\u52a8\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff1b;\u9700\u8981\u5185\u6838\u670d\u52a1\u65f6&#xff0c;\u518d\u7531 Shell\/\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42 kernel \u5904\u7406\u3002 \u2022 \u540c\u65f6&#xff0c;Shell \u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u5e76\u628a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u5448\u73b0\u7ed9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005&#xff1b;\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u628a Shell \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u539f\u7406&#xff0c;\u5f53\u6210\u4e00\u573a \u201c\u786c\u6838\u76f8\u4eb2\u5c40\u201d \u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u62c6\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1\u3001 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0e\u72ed\u4e49<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u72ed\u4e49\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba Linux\/\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6838\u5fc3\u65f6&#xff1a; \u5e38\u5e38\u91cd\u70b9\u6307 \u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u201d&#xff08;Kernel&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u6838&#xff0c;\u800c\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7b49\u53d7\u63a7\u63a5\u53e3\u8bf7\u6c42\u670d\u52a1&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u6210\u5185\u6838\u53ea\u542c\u5f97\u61c2\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u201c0 \u548c 1\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a; \u5305\u542b\u4e86 \u5185\u6838 &#043; \u5916\u58f3\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;Shell\/GUI&#xff09;&#043; \u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u4e70\u7684 Windows \u6216\u88c5\u7684 CentOS&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2\u3001 \u6545\u4e8b\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u4eba\u7269\u4ecb\u7ecd&#xff08;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u6620\u5c04&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53eb\u4f5c Linux \u6751 \u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u6709\u7740\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u5bf9\u53f7\u5165\u5ea7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5982\u82b1&#xff08;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838 Kernel \/ \u72ed\u4e49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u6751\u91cc\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5343\u91d1\u5927\u5c0f\u59d0\u3002\u5979\u638c\u63e1\u7740\u6751\u91cc\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;CPU \u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u800c\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u89c4\u5b9a\u597d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u63d0\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u6309\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u6743\u9650\u89c4\u5219\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51fa\u9519&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u8bf4\u9519\u8bdd\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u5d29\u6e83\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5c0f\u674e&#xff08;\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237 User&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u6751\u957f\u5bb6\u7684\u50bb\u513f\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u5fc3\u91cc\u559c\u6b22\u5982\u82b1&#xff0c;\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u9700\u6c42&#xff08;\u60f3\u8ba9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8dd1\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4ed6\u6781\u5ea6\u4e0d\u64c5\u957f\u548c\u5973\u751f&#xff08;\u5185\u6838&#xff09;\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8001\u674e&#xff08;\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458 Root&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u6751\u957f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4f46 root \u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u6743\u9650\u8eab\u4efd&#xff1b;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u6838\u80fd\u529b\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u5185\u6838\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5\u3002root \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u542c\u4e0d\u61c2\u673a\u5668\u8bed\u8a00\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7 Shell\u201d&#xff0c;Shell \u53ea\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u5165\u53e3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u738b\u5a46&#xff08;Shell \u5916\u58f3\u7a0b\u5e8f \/ \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u6751\u91cc\u6700\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5a92\u5a46\u3002\u5979\u8d1f\u8d23\u7406\u89e3\u5c0f\u674e\u8f93\u5165\u7684 Shell \u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u7b49\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u662f\u542f\u52a8\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002Shell \u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5165\u53e3&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u6838\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6865\u6881&#xff1b;\u666e\u901a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e93\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u6838\u670d\u52a1\u3002 \u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u738b\u5a46\u53eb\u4f5c bash\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76f8\u4eb2\u5168\u5957\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;\u5e7f\u4e49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u9664\u4e86\u5982\u82b1&#xff08;\u5185\u6838&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u738b\u5a46&#xff08;Shell&#xff09;\u3001\u6751\u53e3\u7684\u5e03\u544a\u680f&#xff08;\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u754c\u9762 GUI&#xff09;\u4ee5\u53ca\u6751\u91cc\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd&#xff08;\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>3\u3001 \u8fd0\u884c\u539f\u7406\u89e3\u6790&#xff08;\u4e61\u6751\u76f8\u4eb2\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u540d\u573a\u9762&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u5c0f\u674e\u5750\u5728\u7535\u8111\u524d&#xff0c;\u6572\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66&#xff0c;\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5c55\u5f00\u7684&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>&#x1f3ac; \u573a\u666f\u4e00&#xff1a;\u76f8\u4eb2\u987a\u5229&#xff08;\u6267\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a; \u5c0f\u674e\u8f93\u5165 ls \/usr\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n<li>\u4e0b\u8fbe\u6307\u4ee4&#xff1a; \u5c0f\u674e\u9f13\u8d77\u52c7\u6c14\u5bf9\u738b\u5a46\u8bf4&#xff1a;\u201c\u738b\u5a46&#xff0c;\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u5982\u82b1&#xff0c;\u4f60\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u5e2e\u6211\u67e5\u67e5\u5979\u7684\u5e95\u7ec6&#xff08;\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f&#xff09;&#xff01;\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u5a92\u5a46\u89e3\u6790&#xff1a; \u738b\u5a46&#xff08;Shell&#xff09;\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u5148\u89e3\u6790\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u53d1\u73b0 ls \u662f\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u4e8e\u662f\u6309\u7167\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u627e\u89c4\u5219\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u542f\u52a8 ls\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u6838&#xff1a; ls \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u540e&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5411\u5185\u6838\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bfb\u53d6 \/usr\/bin\/bash \u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f20\u56de\u559c\u8baf&#xff1a; ls \u628a\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u540e\u5199\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u7ec8\u7aef\u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u6587\u5b57\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002Shell \u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c0f\u674e\u5982\u613f\u4ee5\u507f&#xff0c;\u76f8\u4eb2\u987a\u5229&#xff01;<\/li>\n<h5>&#x1f3ac; \u573a\u666f\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u80e1\u8a00\u4e71\u8bed&#xff08;Command Not Found&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a; \u5c0f\u674e\u56e0\u4e3a\u592a\u7d27\u5f20&#xff0c;\u6572\u9519\u4e86\u5b57&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u6572\u6210\u4e86 \u5c0f\u5e05 \u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u80e1\u4e71\u63d0\u8981\u6c42&#xff1a; \u5c0f\u674e\u7ed3\u7ed3\u5df4\u5df4\u5730\u5bf9\u738b\u5a46\u8bf4&#xff1a;\u201c\u738b\u5a46&#xff0c;\u6211\u60f3\u8ddf\u5c0f\u5e05\u8868\u767d&#xff01;\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u738b\u5a46\u67e5\u6237\u53e3&#xff1a; Shell \u4f1a\u5148\u6309\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5904\u7406\u522b\u540d\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u518d\u7ffb\u5f00 \u82b1\u540d\u518c&#xff08;\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf $PATH&#xff09; \u4f9d\u6b21\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u679c\u65ad\u62e6\u622a&#xff1a; \u738b\u5a46\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u5982\u82b1\u514d\u53d7\u9a9a\u6270&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u5c0f\u674e\u62e6\u5728\u95e8\u5916&#xff0c;\u7529\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e00\u53e5\u51b7\u51b0\u51b0\u7684\u8bdd&#xff1a;\u5c0f\u5e05\u662f\u8c01\u5440&#xff1f;command not found!&#xff08;\u547d\u4ee4\u627e\u4e0d\u5230&#xff01;&#xff09; \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u738b\u5a46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5916\u58f3\u7684\u201c\u4fdd\u5b89\u201d\u4f5c\u7528&#xff0c;\u53d8\u76f8\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/li>\n<h5>&#x1f3ac; \u573a\u666f\u4e09&#xff1a;\u738b\u5a46\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u7edd\u62db \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u66ff\u6b7b\u9b3c\u201d&#xff08;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u673a\u5236&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u7406\u89e3 Unix\/Linux \u4e2d Shell \u542f\u52a8\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0f\u674e\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u5371\u9669&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709 Bug \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u673a\u7684\u811a\u672c&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u5411\u5982\u82b1\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u573a\u6781\u5176\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u786c\u6838\u8868\u767d&#xff09;\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u738b\u5a46&#xff08;\u4e3b Shell&#xff09;\u4eb2\u81ea\u53bb\u5e2e\u5c0f\u674e\u4f20\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd&#xff0c;\u4e07\u4e00\u60f9\u6012\u4e86\u5982\u82b1&#xff0c;\u5982\u82b1\u4e00\u5df4\u638c\u6247\u8fc7\u6765\u628a\u738b\u5a46\u6253\u6b7b\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u529e&#xff1f; \u738b\u5a46\u8981\u662f\u6b7b\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5c0f\u674e\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5c31\u5f7b\u5e95\u9ed1\u4e86&#xff08;\u7ec8\u7aef\u6389\u7ebf&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u884c&#xff01;\u738b\u5a46\u53ef\u662f\u4e2a\u8001\u6c5f\u6e56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662f&#xff0c;\u738b\u5a46\u4f7f\u51fa\u4e86\u7edd\u62db&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u62db\u52df\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f&#xff08;Fork&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u5f53\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5728\u7ecf\u5178 Unix\/Bash \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d&#xff0c;Shell \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 fork \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a \u201c\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u5a92\u5a46\u201d&#xff08;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b Child Process&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u518d\u7531\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002Shell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5f53\u524d Shell \u4e2d\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u5fc5\u7136 fork&#xff1b;\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 posix_spawn \u7b49\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u53bb\u8e29\u96f7&#xff08;Exec&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u738b\u5a46\u628a\u5c0f\u674e\u7684\u60c5\u4e66&#xff08;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6307\u4ee4&#xff09;\u585e\u5230\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u624b\u91cc&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u53bb\u89c1\u5982\u82b1&#xff08;\u6267\u884c\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u738b\u5a46\u559d\u8336\u7b49\u5f85&#xff08;Wait&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u738b\u5a46\u672c\u5c0a\u5728\u5916\u9762\u642c\u4e2a\u5c0f\u677f\u51f3\u5750\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u5165\u4f11\u7720\u7b49\u5f85\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e24\u79cd\u7ed3\u5c40&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ed3\u5c40 A&#xff08;\u6210\u529f&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u548c\u5982\u82b1\u6c9f\u901a\u5f97\u5f88\u987a\u7545&#xff0c;\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u5e26\u56de\u6765&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u4e0b\u73ed&#xff08;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f&#xff09;\u3002\u738b\u5a46\u672c\u5c0a\u7ad9\u8d77\u6765&#xff0c;\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5c0f\u674e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u5c40 B&#xff08;\u7206\u70b8&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u5c0f\u674e\u7684\u60c5\u4e66\u91cc\u5199\u6ee1\u4e86 Bug&#xff0c;\u5982\u82b1\u5927\u53d1\u96f7\u9706&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u6253\u6b7b\u4e86&#xff08;Segmentation Fault&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u9000\u51fa&#xff09;&#xff01;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u4eae\u70b9\u5c31\u5728\u7ed3\u5c40 B&#xff1a; \u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u6253\u6b7b\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u201d&#xff0c;\u738b\u5a46\u672c\u5c0a\u6beb\u53d1\u65e0\u635f&#xff01;\u6b64\u65f6&#xff0c;\u738b\u5a46\u53ea\u8981\u6de1\u5b9a\u5730\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u9519\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u7b11\u772f\u772f\u5730\u95ee\u5c0f\u674e&#xff1a;\u201c\u521a\u624d\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u6b89\u804c\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5c0f\u674e&#xff0c;\u4f60\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5429\u5490\u5417&#xff1f;\u201d<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f4a1; \u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u4e61\u6751\u7231\u60c5\u6545\u4e8b\u201d\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86 Shell&#xff08;\u738b\u5a46&#xff09;\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u610f\u4e49&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u5668&#xff1a; \u8d1f\u8d23\u89e3\u6790\u7528\u6237&#xff08;\u5c0f\u674e&#xff09;\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u6267\u884c\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u542f\u52a8\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406&#xff1a; \u5bf9\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed9\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6743\u9650\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u8fb9\u754c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5185\u6838\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6001\/\u5185\u6838\u6001\u3001\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b&#xff0c;Shell \u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9694\u79bb\u673a\u5236&#xff08;Fork &amp; Exec&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u666e\u901a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u65f6\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f Shell \u4e00\u8d77\u5e26\u5d29&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ec8\u7aef\u6216\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d&#xff0c;\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u9a71\u52a8\/\u5185\u6838 Bug \u7b49\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u6838\u5185\u90e8&#xff0c;Shell \u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4ea4\u4e92\u5165\u53e3&#xff1b;\u771f\u6b63\u4fdd\u62a4\u5185\u6838\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5185\u6838\u6001\/\u7528\u6237\u6001\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u8865\u5145&#xff1a;shell\u5916\u58f3\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u662fshell\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6216\u8005\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u754c\u9762&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>Shell \u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u5c42\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u5916\u58f3\u201d&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5728 Linux\/Unix \u65e5\u5e38\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d&#xff0c;Shell \u901a\u5e38\u7279\u6307 Bash\u3001Zsh\u3001sh \u8fd9\u7c7b\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762&#xff1b;\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u754c\u9762 CLI \u548c\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762 GUI \u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f Shell \u5c5e\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002\u7ec8\u7aef\u8d1f\u8d23\u663e\u793a\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u8f93\u5165&#xff0c;Shell \u8d1f\u8d23\u89e3\u6790\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u7684 ls\u3001cd\u3001mkdir \u7b49\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u518d\u8c03\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3\u5b8c\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1b;GUI \u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u56fe\u6807\u3001\u9f20\u6807\u70b9\u51fb\u5b8c\u6210\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u5e73\u65f6\u8bf4\u201cShell \u547d\u4ee4\u201d\u201cShell \u811a\u672c\u201d&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6307\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u754c\u9762\u5e38\u89c1\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u548c\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u6001&#xff1b;\u5176\u4e2d Bash\/Zsh \u8fd9\u7c7b Shell \u5c5e\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>1. \u547d\u4ee4\u884c Shell (CLI &#8211; Command Line Interface)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f&#xff1a; Shell \u901a\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\/\u7ec8\u7aef\u6a21\u62df\u5668\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u884c\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 ls\u3001cd\u3001mkdir&#xff09;\u3002\u7ec8\u7aef\u9ed1\u6846\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u8f7d\u4f53&#xff0c;Shell \u624d\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u738b\u5a46\u201d&#xff1a; \u5728 Linux \u91cc\u53eb bash\u3001zsh\u3001sh&#xff1b;\u5728 Windows \u91cc\u5c31\u662f cmd.exe \u6216 PowerShell\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76f8\u4eb2\u6bd4\u55bb&#xff1a; \u8fd9\u79cd\u529e\u516c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u8001\u674e\u5fc5\u987b\u624b\u5199\u4e00\u5c01\u683c\u5f0f\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u60c5\u4e66&#xff08;\u6572\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7a0d\u5fae\u5199\u9519\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57&#xff0c;\u738b\u5a46\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u4fe1\u9000\u56de\u6765\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u867d\u7136\u95e8\u69db\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6548\u7387\u6781\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u6307\u54ea\u6253\u54ea\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762 (GUI &#8211; Graphical User Interface)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f&#xff1a; \u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7535\u8111\u684c\u9762\u3002\u6709\u9f20\u6807\u3001\u6709\u56fe\u6807\u3001\u6709\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u6709\u56de\u6536\u7ad9\u3002\u4f60\u5728\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u53cc\u51fb\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b9e\u5e95\u5c42\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u5411\u5185\u6838\u53d1\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u738b\u5a46\u201d&#xff1a; \u5728 Windows \u91cc\u53eb Windows \u684c\u9762 (Explorer.exe)&#xff1b;\u5728 Linux \u91cc\u901a\u5e38\u662f GNOME \u6216 KDE&#xff1b;\u5728\u624b\u673a\u91cc\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684 Android\/iOS \u684c\u9762\u542f\u52a8\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76f8\u4eb2\u6bd4\u55bb&#xff1a; \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u529e\u516c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u738b\u5a46\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a iPad \u7535\u5b50\u753b\u518c&#xff08;\u684c\u9762&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8001\u674e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f1a\u5199\u5b57&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u4f38\u51fa\u624b\u6307\u5728 iPad \u4e0a\u201c\u70b9\u4e00\u4e0b\u201d&#xff08;\u9f20\u6807\u53cc\u51fb&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u738b\u5a46\u5c31\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u660e\u767d\u8001\u674e\u7684\u5fc3\u610f&#xff0c;\u8f6c\u8eab\u53bb\u901a\u77e5\u5982\u82b1\u5e72\u6d3b\u3002\u95e8\u69db\u6781\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u8001\u5c11\u7686\u5b9c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0&#xff1a; Linux \u80cc\u666f1.linux\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8109\u7edc\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6e90\u5934 \u2014\u2014 UNIX \u7684\u8bde\u751f (1960s &#8211; 1980s)\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u7cbe\u795e\u652f\u67f1 \u2014\u2014 GNU \u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd0\u52a8 (1983)\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u6280\u672f\u8df3\u677f \u2014\u2014 MINIX \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf (1987)\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9 \u2014\u2014 Linux \u7684\u8bde\u751f (1991)\u7b2c\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;GNU \u4e0e Linux \u7684\u5929\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5408 (1992 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":93753,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[10187,58,3908],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-93764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-codingplan","tag-linux","tag-3908"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>1.Linux\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0a\u3010\u7531\u6d45\u5165\u6df1-Linux\u3011 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/93764.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1.Linux\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0a\u3010\u7531\u6d45\u5165\u6df1-Linux\u3011 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0&#xff1a; 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