{"id":93694,"date":"2026-08-13T04:24:45","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T20:24:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/93694.html"},"modified":"2026-08-13T04:24:45","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T20:24:45","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e8%ae%a9%e6%9c%ac%e5%9c%b0llm%e9%80%9f%e5%ba%a6%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%8710%e5%80%8d%ef%bc%9allama-cpp-cuda-gpu%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e3%80%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/93694.html","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u8ba9\u672c\u5730LLM\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u534710\u500d\uff1allama.cpp CUDA GPU\u52a0\u901f\u5b9e\u6218\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>LlamaAI\u672c\u5730\u90e8\u7f72\u5b9e\u6218\u4e13\u680f\u7b2c4\u7bc7<\/p>\n<p>\u4eceCPU\u63a8\u7406\u5230GPU\u52a0\u901f&#xff0c;\u638c\u63e1llama.cpp CUDA\u4f18\u5316&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u771f\u6b63\u53d1\u6325\u663e\u5361\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u672c\u5730\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u9700\u8981GPU\u52a0\u901f&#xff1f;<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e48\u6162&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c Qwen2.5-7B&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>CPU&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u6210\u901f\u5ea6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>2~5 token\/s<\/p>\n<p>GPU&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>30~80 token\/s<\/p>\n<p>\u5dee\u8ddd\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u5341\u51e0\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u56e0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5&#xff08;Matrix Multiplication&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>Transformer\u5185\u90e8&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u5165Token<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>Embedding<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>Attention\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>Feed Forward\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51faToken<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u77e9\u9635 \u00d7 \u77e9\u9635<\/p>\n<p>\u77e9\u9635 \u00d7 \u5411\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408GPU\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001CPU\u548cGPU\u8fd0\u884c\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h2>\n<h3>CPU\u63a8\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>CPU\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>CPU<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u91cf&#xff1a;<br \/>\n8~32<\/p>\n<p>\u9002\u5408&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>CPU\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>\u9010\u6b65\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u7528\u6027\u5f3a<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5361<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e76\u884c\u80fd\u529b\u5f31<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u77e9\u9635\u8ba1\u7b97\u6162<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>GPU\u63a8\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>GPU\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>GPU<\/p>\n<p>CUDA Core:<\/p>\n<p>\u51e0\u5343\u4e2a<\/p>\n<p>Tensor Core:<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u91cf\u77e9\u9635\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u5143<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>GPU\u663e\u5b58<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>CUDA\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u901f\u751f\u6210<\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e76\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>\u9002\u5408AI\u8ba1\u7b97<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001llama.cpp GPU\u52a0\u901f\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>llama.cpp\u9ed8\u8ba4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>CPU Backend<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>CPU\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n<p>\u5f00\u542fCUDA\u540e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>                llama.cpp<\/p>\n<p>                    |<\/p>\n<p>        &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p>        |                    |<\/p>\n<p>      CPU                CUDA GPU<\/p>\n<p>                             |<\/p>\n<p>                      NVIDIA GPU<\/p>\n<p>\u90e8\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f1a\u8f6c\u79fb&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Transformer Layers<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>GPU\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53eb&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>GPU Offload&#xff08;GPU\u5378\u8f7d&#xff09;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u51c6\u5907CUDA\u73af\u5883<\/h2>\n<h3>\u786c\u4ef6\u8981\u6c42<\/h3>\n<p>\u5fc5\u987b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>NVIDIA GPU<\/li>\n<li>NVIDIA Driver<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u67e5\u770bGPU&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>nvidia-smi<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>&#043;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;&#043;<br \/>\n| NVIDIA-SMI            |<br \/>\n| GPU Name              |<br \/>\n| RTX 4060              |<br \/>\n| Memory Usage          |<br \/>\n&#043;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;&#043;<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e\u9a71\u52a8\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001\u5b89\u88c5CUDA Toolkit<\/h2>\n<p>CUDA\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>NVIDIA\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684GPU\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u68c0\u67e5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>nvcc &#8211;version<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Cuda compilation tools<br \/>\nrelease 12.x<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e\u5b89\u88c5\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1llama.cpp\u652f\u6301CUDA<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e4b\u524d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>cmake -B build<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u80fdCPU&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>CPU Backend<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u5165&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>cd llama.cpp<\/p>\n<p>\u5220\u9664\u65e7build&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Linux&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>rm -rf build<\/p>\n<p>Windows&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>rmdir build -Recurse<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>CUDA\u7f16\u8bd1<\/h3>\n<p>\u6267\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>cmake \\\\<br \/>\n-B build \\\\<br \/>\n-DGGML_CUDA&#061;ON<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>cmake &#8211;build build &#8211;config Release<\/p>\n<p>\u7b49\u5f85\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e03\u3001\u786e\u8ba4CUDA\u7248\u672cllama.cpp<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>.\/build\/bin\/llama-cli &#8211;version<\/p>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>CUDA &#061; ON<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u8005&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u542f\u52a8\u6a21\u578b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>.\/build\/bin\/llama-cli \\\\<br \/>\n-m qwen.gguf \\\\<br \/>\n-ngl 50<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u770b\u5230&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>offloaded 50 layers to GPU<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660eGPU\u5df2\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u516b\u3001\u7406\u89e3-ngl\u53c2\u6570<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u79f0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>number of gpu layers<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u51b3\u5b9a\u591a\u5c11Transformer\u5c42\u653e\u5165GPU\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>-ngl 20<\/p>\n<p>\u8868\u793a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>20\u5c42 \u2192 GPU<\/p>\n<p>\u5269\u4f59 \u2192 CPU<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u663e\u5b58\u8db3\u591f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>-ngl 999<\/p>\n<p>\u8868\u793a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u90e8\u653eGPU\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>RTX4090&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>24GB VRAM<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>7B\/13B\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8GPU<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e5d\u3001\u663e\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u600e\u4e48\u529e&#xff1f;<\/h2>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>CUDA out of memory<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u56e0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u592a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u65b9\u6cd51&#xff1a;\u964d\u4f4eGPU Layers<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>-ngl 20<\/p>\n<p>\u51cf\u5c11GPU\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u65b9\u6cd52&#xff1a;\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u5c0f\u91cf\u5316\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>7B&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Q8<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>8GB&#043;<\/p>\n<p>\u6362&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Q4<\/p>\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n<p>4GB<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u65b9\u6cd53&#xff1a;\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u957f\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>-c 8192<\/p>\n<p>\u964d\u4f4e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>-c 2048<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Context\u8d8a\u5927&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>KV Cache\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u5341\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h2>\n<p>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6a21\u578b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-Q4<\/p>\n<h3>RTX4060 Laptop<\/h3>\n<p>CPU&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u7ea65 token\/s<\/p>\n<p>GPU&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u7ea635 token\/s<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u5347&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>7\u500d<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>RTX4090<\/h3>\n<p>CPU&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>5 token\/s<\/p>\n<p>GPU&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>100 token\/s&#043;<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u5347&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>20\u500d\u5de6\u53f3<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u53c2\u6570<\/h2>\n<h3>1. \u589e\u52a0Batch<\/h3>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>-b<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>-b 512<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>2. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570<\/h3>\n<p>CPU\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;threads 8<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;threads 16<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>3. Flash Attention<\/h3>\n<p>\u90e8\u5206\u6a21\u578b\u652f\u6301&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;flash-attn<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u964d\u4f4eAttention\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u63a8\u8350\u542f\u52a8\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n<p>RTX4060&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>.\/llama-cli \\\\<br \/>\n-m qwen2.5-7b-q4.gguf \\\\<br \/>\n-ngl 999 \\\\<br \/>\n-c 4096 \\\\<br \/>\n-b 512 \\\\<br \/>\n&#8211;flash-attn<\/p>\n<p>RTX4090&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>.\/llama-cli \\\\<br \/>\n-m llama3-8b-q8.gguf \\\\<br \/>\n-ngl 999 \\\\<br \/>\n-c 8192 \\\\<br \/>\n-b 1024 \\\\<br \/>\n&#8211;flash-attn<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u5341\u4e09\u3001GPU\u52a0\u901f\u540e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u67b6\u6784<\/h2>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>              \u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>               |<\/p>\n<p>          llama-cli<\/p>\n<p>               |<\/p>\n<p>          llama.cpp<\/p>\n<p>               |<\/p>\n<p>       &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p>       |              |<\/p>\n<p>      CPU          CUDA GPU<\/p>\n<p>                      |<\/p>\n<p>                 NVIDIA\u663e\u5361<\/p>\n<p>                      |<\/p>\n<p>                 GGUF\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p>\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u8fd1\u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u5341\u56db\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<h3>1. 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