{"id":9298,"date":"2025-04-18T17:19:15","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T09:19:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/9298.html"},"modified":"2025-04-18T17:19:15","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T09:19:15","slug":"%e3%80%90linux%e3%80%91%e6%b5%85%e8%b0%88%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f%e5%92%8c%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e5%9c%b0%e5%9d%80%e7%a9%ba%e9%97%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/9298.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux\u3011\u6d45\u8c08\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h4>\n

\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf（Environment Variables）\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236，\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u4f20\u9012\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u7528\u6237\u504f\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/h5>\n
  • \u914d\u7f6e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u884c\u4e3a： \u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u83b7\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f，\u4f8b\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\u3001API \u5bc6\u94a5\u7b49\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982，LOG_LEVEL=DEBUG \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u4e3a\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6307\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84： \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u5e93\u7684\u8def\u5f84，\u4f8b\u5982 PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982，PATH=\/usr\/bin:\/bin:\/usr\/local\/bin \u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4f20\u9012\u7528\u6237\u504f\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e： \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u7684\u504f\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e，\u4f8b\u5982\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883（LANG）\u3001\u65f6\u533a（TZ）\u7b49\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982，LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed，\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u52a8\u6001\u914d\u7f6e： \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u4fee\u6539，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n
  • PATH \u7528\u9014：\u6307\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b：PATH=\/usr\/bin:\/bin:\/usr\/local\/bin \u8bf4\u660e：\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6，\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5728 PATH \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  • HOME \u7528\u9014：\u6307\u5b9a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b：HOME=\/home\/user \u8bf4\u660e：\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 HOME \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55，\u4f8b\u5982\u4fdd\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  • LANG \u7528\u9014：\u6307\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b：LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \u8bf4\u660e：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801，\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n
  • TZ \u7528\u9014：\u6307\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u533a\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b：TZ=America\/New_York \u8bf4\u660e：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u533a，\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n
  • LD_LIBRARY_PATH \u7528\u9014：\u6307\u5b9a\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u641c\u7d22\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b：LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\/usr\/local\/lib:\/opt\/lib \u8bf4\u660e：\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u4f1a\u5728 LD_LIBRARY_PATH \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u3002<\/li>\n
  • USER \u7528\u9014：\u6307\u5b9a\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b：USER=zzx \u8bf4\u660e：\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 USER \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u67e5\u770b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

    echo $NAME \u5176\u4e2dNAME\u4e3a\u4f60\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u79f0，\u6bd4\u5982PATH，USER\u7b49 \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

    \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84<\/h4>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

    #<\/span>include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span><\/span>
    \nint<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n{<\/span>
    \nprintf<\/span>(<\/span>"hello world"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nreturn<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 hello ，\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165 hello \u6765\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u73b0\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u4e86，\u62a5\u9519 Command 'hello' not found \u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462？ \u5176\u5b9e\u5728 Linux \u548c\u7c7b Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PATH \u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5192\u53f7（:）\u5206\u9694\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5217\u8868，\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6，\u800c hello \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fPATH\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8def\u5f84，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84\u3002 \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

  • \u6307\u5b9a\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84，\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4 .\/hello<\/li>\n
  • \u4e34\u65f6\u4fee\u6539 PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d，expot PATH=$PATH:hello<\/li>\n
  • \u6c38\u4e45\u4fee\u6539 PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539 shell \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6~\/.bashrc \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n

    export<\/span> PATH=<\/span>$PATH:<\/span>\u4f60\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5904\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n

    \u7136\u540e\u518d\u6267\u884c source ~\/.bashrc \u662f\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6548<\/p>\n

  • \u521b\u5efa\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u5df2\u6709\u7684 PATH \u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n

    ln –<\/span>s \/<\/span>path\/<\/span>to\/<\/span>your\/<\/span>program\/<\/span>your_executable \/<\/span>usr\/<\/span>local\/<\/span>bin\/<\/span>your_executable<\/p>\n

    \u5982\u679c\u5728 \/usr\/local\/bin \u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5 your_executable，\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u89e3\u6790\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5，\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6587\u4ef6 \/path\/to\/your\/program\/your_executable，\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

  • \u4f7f\u7528 alias \u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n

    alias myprogram=<\/span>'\/<\/span>path\/<\/span>to\/<\/span>your\/<\/span>program\/<\/span>your_executable'<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4f60\u7684 shell \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d（\u5982 ~\/.bashrc \u6216 ~\/.zshrc），\u4ee5\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • export : \u5728\u5168\u5c40\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n
    • env : \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n
    • unset : \u6e05\u695a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n
    • set : \u663e\u793a\u672c\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684shell\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

      \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868，\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u2018 \\\\0 \u2019 \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/p>\n

      \u4ee3\u7801\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • \u547d\u4ee4\u2f8f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        #<\/span>include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span><\/span>
        \nint<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> argc,<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>argv[<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>env[<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n{<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nfor<\/span>(<\/span>;<\/span> env[<\/span>i]<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n{<\/span>
        \nprintf<\/span>(<\/span>"%s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> env[<\/span>i]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span>
        \nreturn<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u901a\u8fc7 extern \u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u53d8\u91cf environ \u83b7\u53d6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          #<\/span>include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span><\/span>
          \nint<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> argc,<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>argv[<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \nextern<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>*<\/span>environ;<\/span>
          \nint<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nfor<\/span>(<\/span>;<\/span> environ[<\/span>i]<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \nprintf<\/span>(<\/span>"%s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> environ[<\/span>i]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span>
          \nreturn<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u83b7\u53d6<\/h4>\n

          \u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528 getenv(name) \u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 man \u624b\u518c\u6765\u67e5\u627e（man getenv） \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

          #<\/span>include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span><\/span>
          \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <stdlib.h><\/span><\/span>
          \nint<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \nprintf<\/span>(<\/span>"%s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> getenv<\/span>(<\/span>"PATH"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nreturn<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u627f\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n
            \n
          • \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u5c5e\u6027，\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            \u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a<\/h5>\n

            #<\/span>include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span><\/span>
            \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <stdlib.h><\/span><\/span>
            \nint<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
            \n{<\/span>
            \nprintf<\/span>(<\/span>"%s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> getenv<\/span>(<\/span>"PATH"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \nreturn<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u7531\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5370 PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u77e5，\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684（\u6ce8\u610f： \u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u7531 shell \u8fdb\u884c fork() \u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5728\u901a\u8fc7 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5207\u6362 \u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4，\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762\u53ef\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f shell \u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b）<\/p>\n

            \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h3>\n

            \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e03\u5c40： \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \u4f46\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e03\u5c40\u5c31\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e03\u5c40\u5417，\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n

            #<\/span>include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span><\/span>
            \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <unistd.h><\/span><\/span>
            \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <stdlib.h><\/span><\/span>
            \nint<\/span> g_val =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
            \nint<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
            \n{<\/span>
            \n pid_t id =<\/span> fork<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n if<\/span>(<\/span>id <<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>
            \n {<\/span>
            \n perror<\/span>(<\/span>"fork"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n }<\/span>
            \n else<\/span> if<\/span>(<\/span>id ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>
            \n {<\/span> \/\/child<\/span>
            \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"child pid %d : %d : %p\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> getpid<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> g_val,<\/span> &<\/span>g_val)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n }<\/span>
            \n else<\/span>
            \n {<\/span> \/\/parent<\/span>
            \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"parent pid %d : %d : %p\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> getpid<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> g_val,<\/span> &<\/span>g_val)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n }<\/span>
            \n sleep<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c：<\/p>\n

            parent pid 4635<\/span> :<\/span> 0<\/span> :<\/span> 0x56436823f014<\/span>
            \nchild pid 4636<\/span> :<\/span> 0<\/span> :<\/span> 0x56436823f014<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 gval \u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684，\u4f46\u5730\u5740\u786e\u5b9e\u4e00\u6837\u7684，\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5730\u5740\u503c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740，\u800c\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740，\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u5728C\/C++\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740！\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740，\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7528\u6237\u662f\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7684，\u7edf\u4e00\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n
            • OS\u5fc5\u987b\u8d1f\u8d23\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5e26\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8f6c\u6362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h3>\n

              \u7531\u4e0a\u9762\u53ef\u77e5 \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4 \u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e，\u90a3\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462，\u51c6\u786e\u6765\u8bf4\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

              \u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740<\/h4>\n

              \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa，\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u540c，\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c，\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u540c，\u4f46\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u753b\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u5927\u997c，\u544a\u8bc9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f60\u5168\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528，\u4f46\u5176\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528，\u4f60\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf \u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u4f60\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u4e0b，\u5982\u679c\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e0d\u4e0b，\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e2e\u4f60\u7533\u8bf7，\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u56de\u4f60\u7684\u7533\u8bf7，\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u5144\u5f1f\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u6211\u6709100\u5757，\u4f60\u8bf4\u7ed9\u6211200\u5757，\u4f60\u5144\u5f1f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u884c\u4e00\u6837<\/p>\n

              \u6d45\u8c08\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

              \u90a3\u4e48\u65e2\u7136\u6709\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58，\u90a3\u4e48\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406，\u90a3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5bf9\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5462？ \u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u6837，\u4e5f\u662f\u5148\u63cf\u8ff0，\u518d\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/p>\n

              \u63cf\u8ff0<\/h5>\n

              \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a task_struct ，\u5728 task_struct \u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 mm_struct （\u5185\u5b58\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26）<\/p>\n

              struct<\/span> task_struct<\/span>
              \n{<\/span>
              \n\/*…*\/<\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> mm_struct<\/span> *<\/span>mm;<\/span> \/\/\u5bf9\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u7684\u2f64\u2f3e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u8bf4\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u6307\u5411\u4ed6\u7684<\/span>
              \n\/\/\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u2f64\u2f3e\u7a7a\u95f4\u90e8\u5206，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4e3aNULL\u3002<\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> mm_struct<\/span> *<\/span>active_mm;<\/span> \/\/ \u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f7f\u2f64\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65f6，<\/span>
              \n\/\/\u5b83\u7684mm\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3aNULL，\u8868\u2f70\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4，\u53ef\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6ca1\u6709，\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5173<\/span>
              \n\/\/\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u90fd\u662f\u2f00\u6837\u7684，\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u2f64\u4efb\u610f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/span>
              \n\/*…*\/<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              struct<\/span> mm_struct<\/span>
              \n{<\/span>
              \n\/*…*\/<\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> vm_area_struct<\/span> *<\/span>mmap;<\/span>
              \n\/* \u6307\u5411\u865a\u62df\u533a\u95f4(VMA)\u94fe\u8868 *\/<\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> rb_root<\/span> mm_rb;<\/span>
              \n\/* red_black\u6811 *\/<\/span>
              \nunsigned<\/span> long<\/span> task_size;<\/span>
              \n\/*\u5177\u6709\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u2f24\u2f29*\/<\/span>
              \n\/*…*\/<\/span>
              \n\/\/ \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u3001\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6bb5\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u6bb5\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/span>
              \nunsigned<\/span> long<\/span> start_code,<\/span> end_code,<\/span> start_data,<\/span> end_data;<\/span>
              \nunsigned<\/span> long<\/span> start_brk,<\/span> brk,<\/span> start_stack;<\/span>
              \nunsigned<\/span> long<\/span> arg_start,<\/span> arg_end,<\/span> env_start,<\/span> env_end;<\/span>
              \n\/*…*\/<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 mm_struct ，\u8fd9\u6837\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u7ec4\u7ec7<\/h5>\n

              \u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4e24\u79cd：<\/p>\n

            • \u5f53\u865a\u62df\u533a\u8f83\u5c11\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u5355\u94fe\u8868，\u7531 mmap \u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868<\/li>\n
            • \u5f53\u865a\u62df\u533a\u95f4\u591a\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406，\u7531 mm_rb \u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u68f5\u6811<\/li>\n

              linux\u5185\u6838\u4f7f\u7528 vm_area_struct \u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df（VMA）,\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a vm_area_struct \u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

              struct<\/span> vm_area_struct<\/span> {<\/span>
              \nunsigned<\/span> long<\/span> vm_start;<\/span> \/\/\u865a\u5b58\u533a\u8d77\u59cb<\/span>
              \nunsigned<\/span> long<\/span> vm_end;<\/span>
              \n\/\/\u865a\u5b58\u533a\u7ed3\u675f<\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> vm_area_struct<\/span>*<\/span> vm_next,<\/span> *<\/span> vm_prev;<\/span>
              \n\/\/\u524d\u540e\u6307\u9488<\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> rb_node<\/span> vm_rb;<\/span>
              \n\/\/\u7ea2\u2fca\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span>
              \nunsigned<\/span> long<\/span> rb_subtree_gap;<\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> mm_struct<\/span>*<\/span> vm_mm;<\/span>
              \n\/\/\u6240\u5c5e\u7684 mm_struct<\/span>
              \npgprot_t vm_page_prot;<\/span>
              \nunsigned<\/span> long<\/span> vm_flags;<\/span>
              \n\/\/\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d<\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> {<\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> rb_node<\/span> rb;<\/span>
              \nunsigned<\/span> long<\/span> rb_subtree_last;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span> shared;<\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> list_head<\/span> anon_vma_chain;<\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> anon_vma<\/span>*<\/span> anon_vma;<\/span>
              \nconst<\/span> struct<\/span> vm_operations_struct<\/span>*<\/span> vm_ops;<\/span> \/\/vma\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>
              \nunsigned<\/span> long<\/span> vm_pgoff;<\/span>
              \n\/\/\u2f42\u4ef6\u6620\u5c04\u504f\u79fb\u91cf<\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> file<\/span>*<\/span> vm_file;<\/span>
              \n\/\/\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u2f42\u4ef6<\/span>
              \nvoid<\/span>*<\/span> vm_private_data;<\/span>
              \n\/\/\u79c1\u6709\u6570\u636e<\/span>
              \natomic_long_t swap_readahead_info;<\/span>
              \n#<\/span>ifndef<\/span> CONFIG_MMU<\/span><\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> vm_region<\/span>*<\/span> vm_region;<\/span>
              \n\/* NOMMU mapping region *\/<\/span>
              \n#<\/span>endif<\/span><\/span>
              \n#<\/span>ifdef<\/span> CONFIG_NUMA<\/span><\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> mempolicy<\/span>*<\/span> vm_policy;<\/span>
              \n\/* NUMA policy for the VMA *\/<\/span>
              \n#<\/span>endif<\/span><\/span>
              \nstruct<\/span> vm_userfaultfd_ctx<\/span> vm_userfaultfd_ctx;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span> __randomize_layout;<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56fe\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ed3\u6784： \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

              \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6709\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h3>\n
            • \u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669，\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4efb\u610f\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4，\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u8bfb\u5199\u7cfb\u7edf\u5148\u5173\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df，\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6728\u9a6c\u75c5\u6bd2，\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u7f3a\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20<\/li>\n
            • \u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a，\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740，\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684，\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2a\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837<\/li>\n
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