{"id":92451,"date":"2026-08-10T12:01:02","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T04:01:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/92451.html"},"modified":"2026-08-10T12:01:02","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T04:01:02","slug":"%e4%b8%87%e5%ad%97%e4%b9%a6%e7%b1%8d%e9%80%9f%e9%80%9a%e4%b9%8b%e3%80%8aoracle%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e5%ae%9e%e7%94%a8%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b19c%e3%80%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/92451.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4e07\u5b57\u4e66\u7c4d\u901f\u901a\u4e4b\u300aOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u7528\u6559\u7a0b(19C)\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e07\u5b57\u4e66\u7c4d\u901f\u901a\u4e4b\u300aOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u7528\u6559\u7a0b(19C)\u300b<\/h2>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

📖 \u5bfc\u8bfb：\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u300aOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u7528\u6559\u7a0b(19C)\u300b\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u7cbe\u534e\u6d53\u7f29\u4e0e\u901f\u901a\u6307\u5357\u3002\u4eceOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5b89\u88c5\u5230\u591a\u79df\u6237\u67b6\u6784，\u4eceSQL\u64cd\u4f5c\u5230PL\/SQL\u5f00\u53d1，\u4ece\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u5230\u95ea\u56de\u6280\u672f，\u6db5\u76d6Oracle DBA\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u9002\u5408\u5728\u6821\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u521d\u7ea7DBA\u53ca\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u987eOracle\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9605\u8bfb\u6536\u85cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u7b2c1\u7ae0 Oracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n

1.1 Oracle\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n

Oracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u7531Oracle\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf（RDBMS），\u81ea1979\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\u672c\u4ee5\u6765，\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Oracle 19c（\u537319.3\u7248\u672c）\u662fOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u957f\u671f\u652f\u6301\u7248\u672c（Long-Term Support Release），\u5176\u652f\u6301\u5468\u671f\u5ef6\u7eed\u52302027\u5e74，\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90e8\u7f72\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

Oracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9：<\/p>\n\n\u7279\u6027\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301RAC\u3001Data Guard\u3001\u95ea\u56de\u6280\u672f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79df\u6237\u3001\u5206\u533a\u8868\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/td>\n\u591a\u5c42\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3001\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301Linux\u3001Windows\u3001Solaris\u3001AIX\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u591a\u79df\u6237\u67b6\u6784<\/td>\nCDB\/PDB\u6a21\u578b，\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Oracle\u7248\u672c\u6f14\u8fdb\u7b80\u8ff0：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Oracle 12c（2013）：\u5f15\u5165\u591a\u79df\u6237\u67b6\u6784<\/li>\n
  • Oracle 18c（2018）：\u5f15\u5165\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7279\u6027<\/li>\n
  • Oracle 19c（2019）：\u957f\u671f\u652f\u6301\u7248，\u6574\u540812c\/18c\u6240\u6709\u7279\u6027<\/li>\n
  • Oracle 21c（2021）：\u521b\u65b0\u7248\u672c<\/li>\n
  • Oracle 23c（2023）：AI\u5411\u91cf\u641c\u7d22\u7b49\u65b0\u7279\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    1.2 Oracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u5378\u8f7d<\/h4>\n

    Oracle 19c\u5728Linux（\u4ee5Oracle Linux 7\/8\u4e3a\u4f8b）\u4e0a\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u6d41\u7a0b：<\/p>\n

    \u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u524d\u51c6\u5907：<\/p>\n

    # 1. \u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u6c42<\/span>
    \nuname<\/span> -r<\/span> # \u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c<\/span>
    \nfree<\/span> -g<\/span> # \u5185\u5b58（\u5efa\u8bae\u81f3\u5c112GB）<\/span>
    \ndf<\/span> -h<\/span> \/tmp # \u4e34\u65f6\u7a7a\u95f4（\u5efa\u8bae\u81f3\u5c111GB）<\/span><\/p>\n

    # 2. \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4<\/span>
    \ngroupadd<\/span> oinstall
    \ngroupadd<\/span> dba
    \nuseradd<\/span> -g<\/span> oinstall -G<\/span> dba oracle
    \npasswd<\/span> oracle<\/p>\n

    # 3. \u521b\u5efa\u5b89\u88c5\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
    \nmkdir<\/span> -p<\/span> \/u01\/app\/oracle\/product\/19.0.0\/dbhome_1
    \nchown<\/span> -R<\/span> oracle:oinstall \/u01
    \nchmod<\/span> -R<\/span> 775<\/span> \/u01<\/p>\n

    # 4. \u914d\u7f6e\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570 \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/span>
    \nfs.file-max =<\/span> 6815744<\/span>
    \nkernel.sem =<\/span> 250<\/span> 32000<\/span> 100<\/span> 128<\/span>
    \nkernel.shmmni =<\/span> 4096<\/span>
    \nkernel.shmall =<\/span> 2097152<\/span>
    \nkernel.shmmax =<\/span> 4294967295<\/span>
    \nnet.core.rmem_default =<\/span> 262144<\/span>
    \nnet.core.wmem_default =<\/span> 262144<\/span>
    \nnet.core.rmem_max =<\/span> 4194304<\/span>
    \nnet.core.wmem_max =<\/span> 1048576<\/span>
    \nnet.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =<\/span> 9000<\/span> 65500<\/span><\/p>\n

    # 5. \u914d\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236 \/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/span>
    \noracle soft nofile 1024<\/span>
    \noracle hard nofile 65536<\/span>
    \noracle soft nproc 16384<\/span>
    \noracle hard nproc 16384<\/span>
    \noracle soft stack 10240<\/span>
    \noracle hard stack 32768<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u914d\u7f6e（~oracle\/.bash_profile）：<\/p>\n

    export<\/span> ORACLE_BASE<\/span>=<\/span>\/u01\/app\/oracle
    \nexport<\/span> ORACLE_HOME<\/span>=<\/span>$ORACLE_BASE<\/span>\/product\/19.0.0\/dbhome_1
    \nexport<\/span> ORACLE_SID<\/span>=<\/span>orcl
    \nexport<\/span> PATH<\/span><\/span>=<\/span>$ORACLE_HOME<\/span>\/bin:$PATH<\/span>
    \nexport<\/span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH<\/span>=<\/span>$ORACLE_HOME<\/span>\/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH<\/span>
    \nexport<\/span> NLS_LANG<\/span>=<\/span>AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8<\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u9759\u9ed8\u5b89\u88c5（\u63a8\u8350\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883）：<\/p>\n

    # \u89e3\u538b\u5b89\u88c5\u5305<\/span>
    \ncd<\/span> \/u01\/app\/oracle\/product\/19.0.0\/dbhome_1
    \nunzip<\/span> LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d<\/span> .<\/span><\/p>\n

    # \u6267\u884c\u9759\u9ed8\u5b89\u88c5<\/span>
    \n.\/runInstaller -silent<\/span> -responseFile<\/span> \/home\/oracle\/db_install.rsp \\\\<\/span>
    \n oracle.install.option<\/span>=<\/span>INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \\\\<\/span>
    \n ORACLE_HOSTNAME<\/span>=<\/span>oracledb \\\\<\/span>
    \n UNIX_GROUP_NAME<\/span>=<\/span>oinstall \\\\<\/span>
    \n INVENTORY_LOCATION<\/span>=<\/span>\/u01\/app\/oraInventory \\\\<\/span>
    \n ORACLE_HOME<\/span>=<\/span>$ORACLE_HOME<\/span> \\\\<\/span>
    \n ORACLE_BASE<\/span>=<\/span>$ORACLE_BASE<\/span> \\\\<\/span>
    \n oracle.install.db.InstallEdition<\/span>=<\/span>EE \\\\<\/span>
    \n oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP<\/span>=<\/span>dba<\/p>\n

    # \u8fd0\u884croot\u811a\u672c<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> \/u01\/app\/oraInventory\/orainstRoot.sh
    \nsudo<\/span> $ORACLE_HOME<\/span>\/root.sh<\/p>\n

    \u56db\u3001\u5378\u8f7dOracle：<\/p>\n

    # \u4f7f\u7528deinstall\u5de5\u5177<\/span>
    \n$ORACLE_HOME<\/span>\/deinstall\/deinstall<\/p>\n

    # \u6e05\u7406\u6b8b\u7559<\/span>
    \nrm<\/span> -rf<\/span> \/u01\/app\/oracle
    \nrm<\/span> -rf<\/span> \/u01\/app\/oraInventory
    \n# \u5220\u9664\u76f8\u5173\u7528\u6237\u3001\u7ec4\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u914d\u7f6e<\/span><\/p>\n

    1.3 SQL*Plus\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n

    SQL*Plus\u662fOracle\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5de5\u5177，\u662fDBA\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

    — \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/span>
    \nsqlplus \/<\/span> as<\/span> sysdba
    \nsqlplus scott\/<\/span>tiger@orcl<\/span>
    \nsqlplus sys\/<\/span>password@orcl<\/span> as<\/span> sysdba<\/p>\n

    — \u5e38\u7528SET\u547d\u4ee4<\/span>
    \nSET<\/span> LINESIZE 200<\/span> — \u884c\u5bbd<\/span>
    \nSET<\/span> PAGESIZE 50<\/span> — \u6bcf\u9875\u884c\u6570<\/span>
    \nSET<\/span> TIMING ON<\/span> — \u663e\u793a\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>
    \nSET<\/span> AUTOTRACE ON<\/span> — \u663e\u793a\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212<\/span>
    \nSET<\/span> SERVEROUTPUT ON<\/span> — \u663e\u793aDBMS_OUTPUT\u8f93\u51fa<\/span>
    \nCOLUMN<\/span> ename FORMAT A20 — \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5217<\/span><\/p>\n

    — \u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c<\/span>
    \n@\/<\/span>home\/<\/span>oracle\/<\/span>scripts\/<\/span>create_tables.<\/span>sql<\/span>
    \nSTART<\/span> \/<\/span>home\/<\/span>oracle\/<\/span>scripts\/<\/span>init.<\/span>sql<\/span><\/p>\n

    — \u5bfc\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>
    \nSPOOL \/<\/span>tmp\/<\/span>output.<\/span>txt
    \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> employees;<\/span>
    \nSPOOL OFF<\/span><\/p>\n

    1.4 Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)<\/h4>\n

    Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express（EM Express）\u662f19c\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7Web\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762：<\/p>\n

    — \u67e5\u770bEM Express\u7aef\u53e3（\u9ed8\u8ba45500）<\/span>
    \nSELECT<\/span> dbms_xdb_config.<\/span>gethttpsport FROM<\/span> dual;<\/span><\/p>\n

    — \u4fee\u6539\u7aef\u53e3<\/span>
    \nEXEC<\/span> dbms_xdb_config.<\/span>sethttpsport(<\/span>5501<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    — \u8bbf\u95ee\u5730\u5740：https:\/\/hostname:5500\/em<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7ba1\u7406，Oracle\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9bOEM Cloud Control（\u72ec\u7acb\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u5e73\u53f0），\u652f\u6301\u591a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

    1.5 Oracle\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h4>\n

    Oracle\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u57fa\u4e8eOracle Net Services，\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n

    \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 TCP\/IP \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
    \n\u2502 Client \u2502 \u25c4\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba \u2502 Server \u2502
    \n\u2502 (SQL*Plus) \u2502 \u2502 (Listener) \u2502
    \n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518
    \n \u2502 \u2502
    \n tnsnames.ora listener.ora<\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u5927\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n\n\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
    listener.ora<\/td>\n$ORACLE_HOME\/network\/admin\/<\/td>\n\u76d1\u542c\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tnsnames.ora<\/td>\n$ORACLE_HOME\/network\/admin\/<\/td>\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    sqlnet.ora<\/td>\n$ORACLE_HOME\/network\/admin\/<\/td>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u53c2\u6570\u914d\u7f6e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    listener.ora \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

    LISTENER =
    \n (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    \n (DESCRIPTION =
    \n (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracledb)(PORT = 1521))
    \n )
    \n )<\/p>\n

    SID_LIST_LISTENER =
    \n (SID_LIST =
    \n (SID_DESC =
    \n (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
    \n (ORACLE_HOME = \/u01\/app\/oracle\/product\/19.0.0\/dbhome_1)
    \n (SID_NAME = orcl)
    \n )
    \n )<\/p>\n

    tnsnames.ora \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

    ORCL =
    \n (DESCRIPTION =
    \n (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.100)(PORT = 1521))
    \n (CONNECT_DATA =
    \n (SERVER = DEDICATED)
    \n (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    \n )
    \n )<\/p>\n

    1.6 Net Configuration Assistant (NetCA)<\/h4>\n

    NetCA\u662f\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u5de5\u5177，\u7528\u4e8e：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u914d\u7f6e\/\u5220\u9664\u76d1\u542c\u5668<\/li>\n
    • \u914d\u7f6e\u672c\u5730Net\u670d\u52a1\u540d（tnsnames.ora\u6761\u76ee）<\/li>\n
    • \u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u670d\u52a1\u8bbf\u95ee<\/li>\n
    • \u914d\u7f6e\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      # \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u542f\u52a8<\/span>
      \nnetca<\/p>\n

      # \u9759\u9ed8\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
      \nnetca \/silent \/responseFile \/path\/to\/netca.rsp<\/p>\n

      1.7 Net Manager<\/h4>\n

      Net Manager\u662f\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406GUI\u5de5\u5177，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u7f16\u8f91listener.ora\u548ctnsnames.ora\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570，\u9002\u5408\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

      netmgr<\/p>\n

      1.8 Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA)<\/h4>\n

      DBCA\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u5220\u9664Oracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

      # \u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u521b\u5efa<\/span>
      \ndbca<\/p>\n

      # \u9759\u9ed8\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/span>
      \ndbca -silent<\/span> -createDatabase<\/span> \\\\<\/span>
      \n -templateName<\/span> General_Purpose.dbc \\\\<\/span>
      \n -gdbName<\/span> orcl \\\\<\/span>
      \n -sid<\/span> orcl \\\\<\/span>
      \n -sysPassword<\/span> Oracle_2024 \\\\<\/span>
      \n -systemPassword<\/span> Oracle_2024 \\\\<\/span>
      \n -emConfiguration<\/span> NONE \\\\<\/span>
      \n -datafileDestination<\/span> \/u01\/app\/oracle\/oradata \\\\<\/span>
      \n -storageType<\/span> FS \\\\<\/span>
      \n -characterSet<\/span> AL32UTF8 \\\\<\/span>
      \n -nationalCharacterSet<\/span> AL16UTF16 \\\\<\/span>
      \n -totalMemory<\/span> 2048<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      \u7b2c2\u7ae0 Oracle\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n

      2.1 Oracle\u4f53\u7cfb\u6982\u8ff0<\/h4>\n

      Oracle\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u4e00\u4e2aOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531 \u5b9e\u4f8b（Instance） \u548c \u6570\u636e\u5e93（Database） \u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210：<\/p>\n

      \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Oracle Instance \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
      \n\u2502 \u2502
      \n\u2502 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 SGA \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502
      \n\u2502 \u2502 Database Buffer Cache \u2502 \u2502
      \n\u2502 \u2502 Shared Pool \u2502 \u2502
      \n\u2502 \u2502 Redo Log Buffer \u2502 \u2502
      \n\u2502 \u2502 Large Pool \/ Java Pool \u2502 \u2502
      \n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u2502
      \n\u2502 \u2502
      \n\u2502 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Background Processes \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502
      \n\u2502 \u2502 DBWR LGWR SMON PMON \u2502 \u2502
      \n\u2502 \u2502 CKPT ARCn MMON … \u2502 \u2502
      \n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u2502
      \n\u2502 \u2502
      \n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518
      \n \u2502
      \n \u25bc
      \n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Oracle Database \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
      \n\u2502 Data Files \u2502 Redo Log Files \u2502 Control Files \u2502
      \n\u2502 Parameter File \u2502 Archive Logs \u2502 … \u2502
      \n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/p>\n

      2.2 \u5185\u5b58\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n

      Oracle\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u4e3a SGA（System Global Area） \u548c PGA（Program Global Area） ：<\/p>\n

      SGA\u7ec4\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

      — \u67e5\u770bSGA\u7ec4\u6210<\/span>
      \nSHOW<\/span> SGA;<\/span>
      \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> V$SGA;<\/span><\/p>\n

      — \u67e5\u770b\u5404\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f<\/span>
      \nSELECT<\/span> component,<\/span> current_size\/<\/span>1024<\/span>\/<\/span>1024<\/span> AS<\/span> "Size(MB)"<\/span>
      \nFROM<\/span> V$SGA_DYNAMIC_COMPONENTS;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Database Buffer Cache<\/td>\n\u7f13\u5b58\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Shared Pool<\/td>\n\u7f13\u5b58SQL\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Redo Log Buffer<\/td>\n\u6682\u5b58\u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Large Pool<\/td>\nRMAN\u5907\u4efd\u7f13\u51b2\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u6d88\u606f\u7f13\u51b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Java Pool<\/td>\nJava\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Streams Pool<\/td>\nOracle Streams\/\u9ad8\u7ea7\u961f\u5217\u7f13\u51b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      PGA： \u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df，\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f（SORT_AREA）\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4f4d\u56fe\u5408\u5e76\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

      — \u67e5\u770bPGA\u7edf\u8ba1<\/span>
      \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> V$PGASTAT;<\/span><\/p>\n

      — \u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u52a8\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/span>
      \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> MEMORY_TARGET =<\/span> 4<\/span>G SCOPE=<\/span>SPFILE;<\/span> — AMM<\/span>
      \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> SGA_TARGET =<\/span> 2<\/span>G SCOPE=<\/span>SPFILE;<\/span> — ASMM<\/span>
      \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET =<\/span> 512<\/span>M SCOPE=<\/span>SPFILE;<\/span><\/p>\n

      2.3 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n

      \u6838\u5fc3\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b：<\/p>\n\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5168\u79f0\u529f\u80fd<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      DBWR<\/td>\nDatabase Writer<\/td>\n\u5c06\u810f\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      LGWR<\/td>\nLog Writer<\/td>\n\u5c06Redo Buffer\u5199\u5165\u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      SMON<\/td>\nSystem Monitor<\/td>\n\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6062\u590d\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u56de\u6536\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6bb5\u6e05\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      PMON<\/td>\nProcess Monitor<\/td>\n\u6e05\u7406\u5931\u8d25\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      CKPT<\/td>\nCheckpoint<\/td>\n\u89e6\u53d1\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9，\u66f4\u65b0\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u5934<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      ARCn<\/td>\nArchiver<\/td>\n\u5f52\u6863\u5df2\u6ee1\u7684\u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      MMON<\/td>\nManageability Monitor<\/td>\nAWR\u5feb\u7167\u3001\u544a\u8b66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      RECO<\/td>\nRecoverer<\/td>\n\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u6062\u590d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      — \u67e5\u770b\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>
      \nSELECT<\/span> pname,<\/span> description FROM<\/span> V$BGPROCESS WHERE<\/span> paddr <><\/span> '00'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      2.4 \u7269\u7406\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n

      Oracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n

      — \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
      \nSELECT<\/span> file_name,<\/span> bytes\/<\/span>1024<\/span>\/<\/span>1024<\/span> AS<\/span> "Size(MB)"<\/span>,<\/span> status<\/span>
      \nFROM<\/span> DBA_DATA_FILES;<\/span><\/p>\n

      — \u67e5\u770b\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
      \nSELECT<\/span> name,<\/span> status<\/span> FROM<\/span> V$CONTROLFILE;<\/span><\/p>\n

      — \u67e5\u770b\u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
      \nSELECT<\/span> group<\/span>#, member FROM V$LOGFILE;<\/span><\/p>\n

      — \u67e5\u770b\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
      \nSELECT<\/span> file_name,<\/span> bytes\/<\/span>1024<\/span>\/<\/span>1024<\/span> FROM<\/span> DBA_TEMP_FILES;<\/span><\/p>\n

      2.5 \u903b\u8f91\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n

      \u903b\u8f91\u5b58\u50a8\u5c42\u6b21：\u6570\u636e\u5e93 \u2192 \u8868\u7a7a\u95f4 \u2192 \u6bb5(Segment) \u2192 \u533a(Extent) \u2192 \u6570\u636e\u5757(Block)<\/p>\n

      — \u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>
      \nSELECT<\/span> tablespace_name,<\/span> status<\/span>,<\/span> contents
      \nFROM<\/span> DBA_TABLESPACES;<\/span><\/p>\n

      — \u67e5\u770b\u6bb5\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>
      \nSELECT<\/span> segment_name,<\/span> segment_type,<\/span> bytes\/<\/span>1024<\/span>\/<\/span>1024<\/span>
      \nFROM<\/span> DBA_SEGMENTS
      \nWHERE<\/span> owner =<\/span> 'SCOTT'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      — \u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5757\u5927\u5c0f<\/span>
      \nSHOW<\/span> PARAMETER db_block_size;<\/span> — \u9ed8\u8ba48KB<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u533a（Extent）\u7ba1\u7406：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u672c\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4（LMT）：\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u56fe\u7ba1\u7406\u533a\u5206\u914d，\u63a8\u8350<\/li>\n
      • \u5b57\u5178\u7ba1\u7406\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4（DMT）：\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u8868\u7ba1\u7406，\u5df2\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2.6 Oracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed<\/h4>\n

        \u542f\u52a8\u9636\u6bb5：<\/p>\n

        — \u5b8c\u6574\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b<\/span>
        \nSTARTUP NOMOUNT;<\/span> — \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u6587\u4ef6，\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58，\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>
        \nSTARTUP MOUNT;<\/span> — \u6253\u5f00\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6，\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6062\u590d\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>
        \nSTARTUP OPEN<\/span>;<\/span> — \u6253\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7，\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u4e00\u6b65\u5230\u4f4d<\/span>
        \nSTARTUP;<\/span>
        \n— \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e<\/span>
        \nSTARTUP OPEN<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u542f\u52a8（\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u6709RESTRICTED SESSION\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7528\u6237）<\/span>
        \nSTARTUP RESTRICT<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u5f3a\u5236\u542f\u52a8（\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528）<\/span>
        \nSTARTUP FORCE<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5173\u95ed\u9636\u6bb5：<\/p>\n

        SHUTDOWN<\/span> NORMAL;<\/span> — \u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00（\u53ef\u80fd\u7b49\u5f88\u4e45）<\/span>
        \nSHUTDOWN<\/span> IMMEDIATE;<\/span> — \u56de\u6eda\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1，\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5（\u63a8\u8350）<\/span>
        \nSHUTDOWN<\/span> TRANSACTIONAL;<\/span> — \u7b49\u5f85\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210<\/span>
        \nSHUTDOWN<\/span> ABORT;<\/span> — \u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62（\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8ekill，\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6062\u590d）<\/span><\/p>\n

        2.7 \u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178<\/h4>\n

        \u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u662fOracle\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8，\u4ee5SYS\u7528\u6237\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u8868\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840：<\/p>\n

        — \u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u89c6\u56fe\u5206\u7c7b<\/span>
        \n— USER_* : \u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span>
        \n— ALL_* : \u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u6709\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span>
        \n— DBA_* : \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61（\u9700DBA\u6743\u9650）<\/span>
        \n— V$* : \u52a8\u6001\u6027\u80fd\u89c6\u56fe（\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f）<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u5e38\u7528\u67e5\u8be2<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> USER_TABLES;<\/span> — \u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8868<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> DBA_USERS;<\/span> — \u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> V$SESSION<\/span>;<\/span> — \u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> V$SQL<\/span> WHERE<\/span> sql_text LIKE<\/span> '%employees%'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> comments FROM<\/span> DICTIONARY WHERE<\/span> table_name =<\/span> 'DBA_TABLES'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        2.8 SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

        \u4e00\u6761SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5728Oracle\u4e2d\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b：<\/p>\n

        SQL\u8bed\u53e5 \u2192 \u8bed\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790 \u2192 \u8bed\u4e49\u89e3\u6790 \u2192 \u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5 \u2192 \u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u751f\u6210\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212
        \n \u2192 \u884c\u6e90\u751f\u6210 \u2192 \u6267\u884c \u2192 \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n

      • \u89e3\u6790（Parse）：\u8bed\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6743\u9650\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u751f\u6210\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212<\/li>\n
      • \u7ed1\u5b9a（Bind）：\u66ff\u6362\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n
      • \u6267\u884c（Execute）：\u6309\u7167\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n
      • \u63d0\u53d6（Fetch）：\u9010\u884c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6（SELECT\u8bed\u53e5）<\/li>\n

        — \u67e5\u770bSQL\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212<\/span>
        \nEXPLAIN<\/span> PLAN<\/span> FOR<\/span> SELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> department_id =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> TABLE<\/span>(<\/span>DBMS_XPLAN.<\/span>DISPLAY)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u5171\u4eab\u6c60\u4e2d\u7684SQL<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> sql_id,<\/span> sql_text,<\/span> executions,<\/span> elapsed_time\/<\/span>1000000<\/span> AS<\/span> "Sec"<\/span>
        \nFROM<\/span> V$SQL<\/span>
        \nWHERE<\/span> sql_text LIKE<\/span> '%employees%'<\/span>
        \nORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> elapsed_time DESC<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u7b2c3\u7ae0 Oracle\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n

        3.1 \u7528\u6237\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

        — \u521b\u5efa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> tbs_data
        \n DATAFILE '\/u01\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/orcl\/tbs_data01.dbf'<\/span> SIZE 500<\/span>M
        \n AUTOEXTEND ON<\/span> NEXT<\/span> 100<\/span>M MAXSIZE 10<\/span>G
        \n EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL<\/span>
        \n SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> tbs_data ADD<\/span> DATAFILE '\/u01\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/orcl\/tbs_data02.dbf'<\/span> SIZE 500<\/span>M;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> tbs_data READ<\/span> ONLY;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> tbs_data OFFLINE;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u5220\u9664\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>
        \nDROP<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> tbs_data INCLUDING CONTENTS AND<\/span> DATAFILES;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> tablespace_name,<\/span>
        \n ROUND<\/span>(<\/span>used_space *<\/span> 8192<\/span> \/<\/span> 1024<\/span> \/<\/span> 1024<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span> AS<\/span> used_mb,<\/span>
        \n ROUND<\/span>(<\/span>tablespace_size *<\/span> 8192<\/span> \/<\/span> 1024<\/span> \/<\/span> 1024<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span> AS<\/span> total_mb,<\/span>
        \n ROUND<\/span>(<\/span>used_percent,<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span> AS<\/span> used_pct
        \nFROM<\/span> DBA_TABLESPACE_USAGE_METRICS
        \nORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> used_percent DESC<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        3.2 \u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

        \u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8：<\/p>\n

        — \u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> TEMPORARY<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> temp_ts
        \n TEMPFILE '\/u01\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/orcl\/temp02.dbf'<\/span> SIZE 2<\/span>G
        \n AUTOEXTEND ON<\/span> NEXT<\/span> 500<\/span>M MAXSIZE 8<\/span>G
        \n EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL<\/span> UNIFORM SIZE 1<\/span>M;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u8bbe\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> DEFAULT<\/span> TEMPORARY<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> temp_ts;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ec4<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> TEMPORARY<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> temp_ts2 TEMPFILE '\/u01\/oradata\/temp02.dbf'<\/span> SIZE 2<\/span>G;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> temp_ts2 TABLESPACE<\/span> GROUP<\/span> temp_group;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> temp_ts TABLESPACE<\/span> GROUP<\/span> temp_group;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> DEFAULT<\/span> TEMPORARY<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> temp_group;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> tablespace_name,<\/span> tablespace_size\/<\/span>1024<\/span>\/<\/span>1024<\/span> AS<\/span> total_mb,<\/span>
        \n allocated_space\/<\/span>1024<\/span>\/<\/span>1024<\/span> AS<\/span> alloc_mb,<\/span>
        \n free_space\/<\/span>1024<\/span>\/<\/span>1024<\/span> AS<\/span> free_mb
        \nFROM<\/span> DBA_TEMP_FREE_SPACE;<\/span><\/p>\n

        3.3 \u8fd8\u539f\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

        \u8fd8\u539f（UNDO）\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u7684\u65e7\u6570\u636e，\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u6eda\u3001\u8bfb\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u95ea\u56de：<\/p>\n

        — \u521b\u5efa\u8fd8\u539f\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> UNDO TABLESPACE<\/span> undotbs2
        \n DATAFILE '\/u01\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/orcl\/undotbs02.dbf'<\/span> SIZE 2<\/span>G
        \n AUTOEXTEND ON<\/span> NEXT<\/span> 500<\/span>M MAXSIZE 8<\/span>G;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u5207\u6362\u8fd8\u539f\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> UNDO_TABLESPACE =<\/span> undotbs2;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u8fd8\u539f\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> segment_name,<\/span> status<\/span>,<\/span> bytes\/<\/span>1024<\/span>\/<\/span>1024<\/span>
        \nFROM<\/span> DBA_UNDO_EXTENTS;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd8\u539f\u4fdd\u7559\u65f6\u95f4（\u79d2）<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> UNDO_RETENTION =<\/span> 3600<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        3.4 \u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

        \u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5143\u6570\u636e，\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> name,<\/span> status<\/span>,<\/span> block_size FROM<\/span> V$CONTROLFILE;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> type<\/span>,<\/span> record_size,<\/span> records_total,<\/span> records_used
        \nFROM<\/span> V$CONTROLFILE_RECORD_SECTION;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u5907\u4efd\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> BACKUP<\/span> CONTROLFILE TO<\/span> '\/tmp\/controlfile_backup.ctl'<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> BACKUP<\/span> CONTROLFILE TO<\/span> TRACE;<\/span> — \u751f\u6210\u91cd\u5efa\u811a\u672c<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6（\u4fee\u6539\u53c2\u6570\u540e\u91cd\u542f）<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> control_files =<\/span>
        \n '\/u01\/oradata\/orcl\/control01.ctl'<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n '\/u01\/oradata\/orcl\/control02.ctl'<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n '\/u02\/oradata\/orcl\/control03.ctl'<\/span>
        \nSCOPE =<\/span> SPFILE;<\/span><\/p>\n

        3.5 \u8054\u673a\u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ec4<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> group<\/span>#, members, bytes\/1024\/1024 AS size_mb, status<\/span>
        \nFROM<\/span> V$LOG;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u6dfb\u52a0\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ec4<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> ADD<\/span> LOGFILE GROUP<\/span> 4<\/span>
        \n (<\/span>'\/u01\/oradata\/orcl\/redo04a.log'<\/span>,<\/span> '\/u02\/oradata\/orcl\/redo04b.log'<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n SIZE 500<\/span>M;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u6dfb\u52a0\u6210\u5458（\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528）<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> ADD<\/span> LOGFILE MEMBER '\/u02\/oradata\/orcl\/redo01b.log'<\/span> TO<\/span> GROUP<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u5220\u9664\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ec4（\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664CURRENT\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ec4）<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> DROP<\/span> LOGFILE GROUP<\/span> 4<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u5f3a\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u5207\u6362<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM CHECKPOINT<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        3.6 \u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5f52\u6863\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u5f52\u6863\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
        \nARCHIVE LOG LIST;<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> log_mode FROM<\/span> V$DATABASE<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u5f00\u542f\u5f52\u6863\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
        \nSHUTDOWN<\/span> IMMEDIATE;<\/span>
        \nSTARTUP MOUNT;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> ARCHIVELOG;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> OPEN<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f52\u6863\u76ee\u7684\u5730<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 =<\/span> 'LOCATION=\/u01\/archive MANDATORY'<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT =<\/span> 'arch_%t_%s_%r.arc'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u624b\u52a8\u5f52\u6863<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u5f52\u6863\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> sequence#, name, applied FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY sequence# DESC;<\/span><\/p>\n

        3.7 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53c2\u6570\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

        — SPFILE vs PFILE<\/span>
        \n— SPFILE: \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236，\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7ALTER SYSTEM\u4fee\u6539，\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8<\/span>
        \n— PFILE: \u6587\u672c，\u9700\u91cd\u542f\u751f\u6548<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u53c2\u6570<\/span>
        \nSHOW<\/span> PARAMETER db_name;<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> name,<\/span> value<\/span>,<\/span> issys_modifiable FROM<\/span> V$PARAMETER WHERE<\/span> name LIKE<\/span> '%sga%'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u4fee\u6539\u53c2\u6570<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> sga_target =<\/span> 4<\/span>G SCOPE=<\/span>SPFILE;<\/span> — \u91cd\u542f\u751f\u6548<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> open_cursors =<\/span> 500<\/span> SCOPE=<\/span>BOTH;<\/span> — \u7acb\u5373+\u6301\u4e45\u5316<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> "_hidden_param"<\/span> =<\/span> value<\/span> SCOPE=<\/span>MEMORY;<\/span> — \u4ec5\u5f53\u524d\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/p>\n

        — SPFILE\u4e0ePFILE\u4e92\u8f6c<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> PFILE=<\/span>'\/tmp\/initorcl.ora'<\/span> FROM<\/span> SPFILE;<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> SPFILE FROM<\/span> PFILE=<\/span>'\/tmp\/initorcl.ora'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u7b2c4\u7ae0 \u6a21\u5f0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n

        4.1 \u6a21\u5f0f\u542b\u4e49<\/h4>\n

        \u6a21\u5f0f（Schema） \u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5bb9\u5668，\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u7528\u6237SCOTT\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8eSCOTT\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6a21\u5f0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u62ec：\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237（\u6a21\u5f0f）<\/span>
        \nSHOW<\/span> USER<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> object_name,<\/span> object_type,<\/span> status<\/span> FROM<\/span> USER_OBJECTS;<\/span><\/p>\n

        4.2 \u6570\u636e\u8868<\/h4>\n

        — \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> employees (<\/span>
        \n employee_id NUMBER(<\/span>6<\/span>)<\/span> PRIMARY<\/span> KEY<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n first_name VARCHAR2(<\/span>50<\/span>)<\/span> NOT<\/span> NULL<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n last_name VARCHAR2(<\/span>50<\/span>)<\/span> NOT<\/span> NULL<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n email VARCHAR2(<\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span> UNIQUE<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n hire_date DATE<\/span> DEFAULT<\/span> SYSDATE,<\/span>
        \n salary NUMBER(<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span> CHECK<\/span> (<\/span>salary ><\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n department_id NUMBER(<\/span>4<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n CONSTRAINT<\/span> fk_dept FOREIGN<\/span> KEY<\/span> (<\/span>department_id)<\/span>
        \n REFERENCES<\/span> departments(<\/span>department_id)<\/span>
        \n)<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> tbs_data;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLE<\/span> employees ADD<\/span> (<\/span>phone VARCHAR2(<\/span>20<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLE<\/span> employees MODIFY<\/span> (<\/span>salary NUMBER(<\/span>12<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLE<\/span> employees DROP<\/span> COLUMN<\/span> phone;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLE<\/span> employees RENAME<\/span> COLUMN<\/span> first_name TO<\/span> given_name;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u8868\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLE<\/span> employees RENAME<\/span> TO<\/span> emp;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u622a\u65ad\u8868（\u4e0d\u53ef\u56de\u6eda，\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4）<\/span>
        \nTRUNCATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> employees;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u5220\u9664\u8868<\/span>
        \nDROP<\/span> TABLE<\/span> employees PURGE<\/span>;<\/span> — \u4e0d\u8fdb\u5165\u56de\u6536\u7ad9<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>
        \nDESC<\/span> employees;<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> column_name,<\/span> data_type,<\/span> nullable FROM<\/span> USER_TAB_COLUMNS WHERE<\/span> table_name =<\/span> 'EMPLOYEES'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        4.3 \u7d22\u5f15<\/h4>\n

        — B\u6811\u7d22\u5f15（\u9ed8\u8ba4）<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> INDEX<\/span> idx_emp_name ON<\/span> employees(<\/span>last_name,<\/span> first_name)<\/span>
        \n TABLESPACE<\/span> tbs_index;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> UNIQUE<\/span> INDEX<\/span> idx_emp_email ON<\/span> employees(<\/span>email)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u4f4d\u56fe\u7d22\u5f15（\u9002\u5408\u4f4e\u57fa\u6570\u5217，DML\u5c11）<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> BITMAP INDEX<\/span> idx_emp_dept ON<\/span> employees(<\/span>department_id)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u51fd\u6570\u7d22\u5f15<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> INDEX<\/span> idx_emp_upper ON<\/span> employees(<\/span>UPPER(<\/span>last_name)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> INDEX<\/span> idx_emp_dept_date ON<\/span> employees(<\/span>department_id,<\/span> hire_date DESC<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u67e5\u770b\u7d22\u5f15<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> index_name,<\/span> index_type,<\/span> uniqueness,<\/span> status<\/span>
        \nFROM<\/span> USER_INDEXES WHERE<\/span> table_name =<\/span> 'EMPLOYEES'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u7d22\u5f15\u6709\u6548\u6027\u5206\u6790<\/span>
        \nANALYZE<\/span> INDEX<\/span> idx_emp_name VALIDATE STRUCTURE;<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> name,<\/span> height,<\/span> blocks,<\/span> del_lf_rows FROM<\/span> INDEX_STATS;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u91cd\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> INDEX<\/span> idx_emp_name REBUILD ONLINE TABLESPACE<\/span> tbs_index;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15<\/span>
        \nDROP<\/span> INDEX<\/span> idx_emp_name;<\/span><\/p>\n

        4.4 \u5206\u533a<\/h4>\n

        \u5206\u533a\u8868\u5c06\u5927\u8868\u6309\u89c4\u5219\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u6bb5，\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u7ba1\u7406\u6027：<\/p>\n

        — \u8303\u56f4\u5206\u533a（\u6309\u65f6\u95f4）<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> sales (<\/span>
        \n sale_id NUMBER PRIMARY<\/span> KEY<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n sale_date DATE<\/span> NOT<\/span> NULL<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n amount NUMBER(<\/span>12<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n region VARCHAR2(<\/span>50<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n)<\/span>
        \nPARTITION<\/span> BY<\/span> RANGE (<\/span>sale_date)<\/span> (<\/span>
        \n PARTITION<\/span> p_2024q1 VALUES<\/span> LESS THAN (<\/span>DATE<\/span> '2024-04-01'<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n PARTITION<\/span> p_2024q2 VALUES<\/span> LESS THAN (<\/span>DATE<\/span> '2024-07-01'<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n PARTITION<\/span> p_2024q3 VALUES<\/span> LESS THAN (<\/span>DATE<\/span> '2024-10-01'<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n PARTITION<\/span> p_2024q4 VALUES<\/span> LESS THAN (<\/span>DATE<\/span> '2025-01-01'<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n PARTITION<\/span> p_max VALUES<\/span> LESS THAN (<\/span>MAXVALUE)<\/span>
        \n)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u5217\u8868\u5206\u533a<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> customers (<\/span>
        \n cust_id NUMBER PRIMARY<\/span> KEY<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n region VARCHAR2(<\/span>20<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n name VARCHAR2(<\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n)<\/span>
        \nPARTITION<\/span> BY<\/span> LIST (<\/span>region)<\/span> (<\/span>
        \n PARTITION<\/span> p_east VALUES<\/span> (<\/span>'Beijing'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Shanghai'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Tianjin'<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n PARTITION<\/span> p_west VALUES<\/span> (<\/span>'Chengdu'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Chongqing'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Kunming'<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n PARTITION<\/span> p_other VALUES<\/span> (<\/span>DEFAULT<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u54c8\u5e0c\u5206\u533a<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> orders (<\/span>
        \n order_id NUMBER PRIMARY<\/span> KEY<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n cust_id NUMBER,<\/span>
        \n amount NUMBER
        \n)<\/span>
        \nPARTITION<\/span> BY<\/span> HASH<\/span> (<\/span>order_id)<\/span> PARTITIONS 8<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u5206\u533a\u7ef4\u62a4<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLE<\/span> sales ADD<\/span> PARTITION<\/span> p_2025q1 VALUES<\/span> LESS THAN (<\/span>DATE<\/span> '2025-04-01'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLE<\/span> sales DROP<\/span> PARTITION<\/span> p_2024q1;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLE<\/span> sales TRUNCATE<\/span> PARTITION<\/span> p_2024q2;<\/span>
        \nALTER<\/span> TABLE<\/span> sales SPLIT PARTITION<\/span> p_max AT (<\/span>DATE<\/span> '2025-07-01'<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n INTO<\/span> (<\/span>PARTITION<\/span> p_2025q2,<\/span> PARTITION<\/span> p_max)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        4.5 \u7d22\u5f15\u5316\u8868<\/h4>\n

        \u7d22\u5f15\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8868（IOT）\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6309\u4e3b\u952e\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728B\u6811\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d，\u9002\u5408\u4e3b\u952e\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n

        CREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> order_items (<\/span>
        \n order_id NUMBER,<\/span>
        \n item_id NUMBER,<\/span>
        \n quantity NUMBER,<\/span>
        \n unit_price NUMBER(<\/span>8<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n CONSTRAINT<\/span> pk_order_items PRIMARY<\/span> KEY<\/span> (<\/span>order_id,<\/span> item_id)<\/span>
        \n)<\/span>
        \nORGANIZATION INDEX<\/span>
        \nINCLUDING unit_price
        \nOVERFLOW TABLESPACE<\/span> tbs_overflow;<\/span><\/p>\n

        4.6 \u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n

        — \u5e8f\u5217<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> SEQUENCE seq_emp_id START<\/span> WITH<\/span> 1000<\/span> INCREMENT BY<\/span> 1<\/span> NOCACHE NOCYCLE;<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> seq_emp_id.<\/span>NEXTVAL FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u89c6\u56fe<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> OR<\/span> REPLACE<\/span> VIEW<\/span> v_emp_dept AS<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> e.<\/span>employee_id,<\/span> e.<\/span>last_name,<\/span> d.<\/span>department_name
        \nFROM<\/span> employees e JOIN<\/span> departments d ON<\/span> e.<\/span>department_id =<\/span> d.<\/span>department_id;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u540c\u4e49\u8bcd<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> SYNONYM emp FOR<\/span> hr.<\/span>employees;<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> PUBLIC<\/span> SYNONYM emp FOR<\/span> hr.<\/span>employees;<\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe<\/span>
        \nCREATE<\/span> MATERIALIZED VIEW<\/span> mv_sales_summary
        \nBUILD IMMEDIATE REFRESH FAST ON<\/span> COMMIT<\/span> AS<\/span>
        \nSELECT<\/span> region,<\/span> SUM<\/span>(<\/span>amount)<\/span> total_amount FROM<\/span> sales GROUP<\/span> BY<\/span> region;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u7b2c5\u7ae0 Oracle\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n

        5.1 SQL\u6982\u8ff0<\/h4>\n

        Oracle SQL\u9075\u5faaANSI SQL\u6807\u51c6，\u5e76\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5927\u91cfOracle\u7279\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5206\u7c7b：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • DDL（\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49）：CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE<\/li>\n
        • DML（\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u7eb5）：SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE<\/li>\n
        • DCL（\u6570\u636e\u63a7\u5236）：GRANT, REVOKE<\/li>\n
        • TCL（\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236）：COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          5.2 \u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n

          — \u57fa\u7840\u67e5\u8be2<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> employee_id,<\/span> last_name,<\/span> salary *<\/span> 12<\/span> AS<\/span> annual_salary
          \nFROM<\/span> employees
          \nWHERE<\/span> department_id =<\/span> 80<\/span>
          \nORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> salary DESC<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u591a\u8868\u8fde\u63a5<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> e.<\/span>last_name,<\/span> d.<\/span>department_name,<\/span> l.<\/span>city
          \nFROM<\/span> employees e
          \nJOIN<\/span> departments d ON<\/span> e.<\/span>department_id =<\/span> d.<\/span>department_id
          \nJOIN<\/span> locations l ON<\/span> d.<\/span>location_id =<\/span> l.<\/span>location_id;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u5b50\u67e5\u8be2<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> last_name,<\/span> salary
          \nFROM<\/span> employees
          \nWHERE<\/span> salary ><\/span> (<\/span>SELECT<\/span> AVG<\/span>(<\/span>salary)<\/span> FROM<\/span> employees)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> employee_id FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> department_id =<\/span> 10<\/span>
          \nUNION<\/span> ALL<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> employee_id FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> salary ><\/span> 10000<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u5206\u6790\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> department_id,<\/span> last_name,<\/span> salary,<\/span>
          \n RANK(<\/span>)<\/span> OVER<\/span> (<\/span>PARTITION<\/span> BY<\/span> department_id ORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> salary DESC<\/span>)<\/span> AS<\/span> dept_rank,<\/span>
          \n SUM<\/span>(<\/span>salary)<\/span> OVER<\/span> (<\/span>PARTITION<\/span> BY<\/span> department_id)<\/span> AS<\/span> dept_total
          \nFROM<\/span> employees;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u5c42\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> LPAD(<\/span>' '<\/span>,<\/span> LEVEL<\/span>*<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span> ||<\/span> last_name AS<\/span> org_chart
          \nFROM<\/span> employees
          \nSTART<\/span> WITH<\/span> manager_id IS<\/span> NULL<\/span>
          \nCONNECT<\/span> BY<\/span> PRIOR employee_id =<\/span> manager_id;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — PIVOT\u884c\u8f6c\u5217<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> (<\/span>SELECT<\/span> department_id,<\/span> salary FROM<\/span> employees)<\/span>
          \nPIVOT<\/span> (<\/span>SUM<\/span>(<\/span>salary)<\/span> FOR<\/span> department_id IN<\/span> (<\/span>10<\/span> AS<\/span> "Dept10"<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span> AS<\/span> "Dept20"<\/span>,<\/span> 30<\/span> AS<\/span> "Dept30"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          5.3 \u6570\u636e\u64cd\u7eb5<\/h4>\n

          — INSERT<\/span>
          \nINSERT<\/span> INTO<\/span> employees (<\/span>employee_id,<\/span> last_name,<\/span> email,<\/span> hire_date,<\/span> salary)<\/span>
          \nVALUES<\/span> (<\/span>seq_emp_id.<\/span>NEXTVAL,<\/span> 'Zhang'<\/span>,<\/span> 'zhang@example.com'<\/span>,<\/span> SYSDATE,<\/span> 8000<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u591a\u8868\u63d2\u5165<\/span>
          \nINSERT<\/span> ALL<\/span>
          \n WHEN<\/span> salary ><\/span> 10000<\/span> THEN<\/span> INTO<\/span> high_salary VALUES<\/span> (<\/span>*<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n WHEN<\/span> salary <=<\/span> 10000<\/span> THEN<\/span> INTO<\/span> low_salary VALUES<\/span> (<\/span>*<\/span>)<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> employees;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — MERGE（UPSERT）<\/span>
          \nMERGE<\/span> INTO<\/span> target_table t
          \nUSING<\/span> source_table s ON<\/span> (<\/span>t.<\/span>id =<\/span> s.<\/span>id)<\/span>
          \nWHEN<\/span> MATCHED<\/span> THEN<\/span> UPDATE<\/span> SET<\/span> t.<\/span>name =<\/span> s.<\/span>name,<\/span> t.<\/span>salary =<\/span> s.<\/span>salary
          \nWHEN<\/span> NOT<\/span> MATCHED<\/span> THEN<\/span> INSERT<\/span> (<\/span>id,<\/span> name,<\/span> salary)<\/span> VALUES<\/span> (<\/span>s.<\/span>id,<\/span> s.<\/span>name,<\/span> s.<\/span>salary)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — UPDATE<\/span>
          \nUPDATE<\/span> employees SET<\/span> salary =<\/span> salary *<\/span> 1.1<\/span>
          \nWHERE<\/span> department_id =<\/span> 20<\/span> AND<\/span> hire_date <<\/span> DATE<\/span> '2020-01-01'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — DELETE<\/span>
          \nDELETE<\/span> FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> employee_id =<\/span> 999<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236<\/span>
          \nSAVEPOINT<\/span> sp1;<\/span>
          \nUPDATE<\/span> employees SET<\/span> salary =<\/span> 0<\/span> WHERE<\/span> employee_id =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nROLLBACK<\/span> TO<\/span> sp1;<\/span>
          \nCOMMIT<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          5.4 Oracle\u5e38\u7528\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n

          — \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> UPPER(<\/span>'hello'<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> LOWER(<\/span>'WORLD'<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> INITCAP(<\/span>'oracle db'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> SUBSTR(<\/span>'Oracle Database'<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — Oracle<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> INSTR(<\/span>'hello world'<\/span>,<\/span> 'world'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — 7<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> LENGTH(<\/span>'Oracle'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — 6<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> REPLACE<\/span>(<\/span>'Oracle'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Ora'<\/span>,<\/span> 'My'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — Mycle<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> LPAD(<\/span>'7'<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> '0'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — 00007<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> TRIM(<\/span>' hello '<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — hello<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> REGEXP_SUBSTR(<\/span>'abc123def'<\/span>,<\/span> '[0-9]+'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — 123<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u6570\u503c\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> ROUND<\/span>(<\/span>3.14159<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — 3.14<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> TRUNC(<\/span>3.99<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — 3<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> MOD<\/span>(<\/span>17<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — 2<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> CEIL(<\/span>4.1<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> FLOOR(<\/span>4.9<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — 5, 4<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> POWER(<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span> 10<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — 1024<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u65e5\u671f\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> SYSDATE,<\/span> SYSTIMESTAMP FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> ADD_MONTHS(<\/span>SYSDATE,<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> MONTHS_BETWEEN(<\/span>DATE<\/span> '2025-01-01'<\/span>,<\/span> DATE<\/span> '2024-01-01'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span> — 12<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> LAST_DAY(<\/span>SYSDATE)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> NEXT_DAY(<\/span>SYSDATE,<\/span> 'MONDAY'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> EXTRACT(<\/span>YEAR<\/span> FROM<\/span> SYSDATE)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u8f6c\u6362\u51fd\u6570<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> TO_CHAR(<\/span>SYSDATE,<\/span> 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> TO_NUMBER(<\/span>'12345'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> TO_DATE(<\/span>'2025-06-15'<\/span>,<\/span> 'YYYY-MM-DD'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> CAST(<\/span>'2025-01-01'<\/span> AS<\/span> DATE<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u805a\u5408\u4e0e\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> department_id,<\/span> COUNT<\/span>(<\/span>*<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> AVG<\/span>(<\/span>salary)<\/span>,<\/span> MAX<\/span>(<\/span>salary)<\/span>
          \nFROM<\/span> employees GROUP<\/span> BY<\/span> department_id HAVING<\/span> COUNT<\/span>(<\/span>*<\/span>)<\/span> ><\/span> 5<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          SELECT<\/span> CASE<\/span> WHEN<\/span> salary ><\/span> 10000<\/span> THEN<\/span> 'High'<\/span>
          \n WHEN<\/span> salary ><\/span> 5000<\/span> THEN<\/span> 'Mid'<\/span>
          \n ELSE<\/span> 'Low'<\/span> END<\/span> AS<\/span> level<\/span>
          \nFROM<\/span> employees;<\/span><\/p>\n

          SELECT<\/span> NVL(<\/span>commission_pct,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> COALESCE<\/span>(<\/span>phone,<\/span> email,<\/span> 'N\/A'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> employees;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> DECODE(<\/span>status<\/span>,<\/span> 'A'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Active'<\/span>,<\/span> 'I'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Inactive'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Unknown'<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> accounts;<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

          \u7b2c6\u7ae0 \u7528\u6237\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n

          6.1 \u7528\u6237\u5b89\u5168\u6982\u8ff0<\/h4>\n

          Oracle\u5b89\u5168\u4f53\u7cfb\u5305\u542b：\u8ba4\u8bc1 \u2192 \u6388\u6743 \u2192 \u5ba1\u8ba1 \u4e09\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u6982\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

          6.2 \u6982\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

          \u6982\u8981\u6587\u4ef6（Profile）\u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n

          — \u521b\u5efa\u6982\u8981\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
          \nCREATE<\/span> PROFILE profile_app LIMIT<\/span>
          \n SESSIONS_PER_USER 10<\/span>
          \n CPU_PER_SESSION 360000<\/span> — \u5398\u79d2<\/span>
          \n CPU_PER_CALL 6000<\/span>
          \n CONNECT_TIME 480<\/span> — \u5206\u949f<\/span>
          \n IDLE_TIME 60<\/span>
          \n LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION 500000<\/span>
          \n PRIVATE_SGA 100<\/span>M
          \n FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 5<\/span>
          \n PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 90<\/span>
          \n PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME 365<\/span>
          \n PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 1<\/span>
          \n PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 7<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u5e94\u7528\u6982\u8981\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
          \nALTER<\/span> USER<\/span> app_user PROFILE profile_app;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u67e5\u770b\u6982\u8981\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> DBA_PROFILES WHERE<\/span> profile =<\/span> 'PROFILE_APP'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u4fee\u6539\/\u5220\u9664<\/span>
          \nALTER<\/span> PROFILE profile_app LIMIT<\/span> FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 3<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nDROP<\/span> PROFILE profile_app CASCADE<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          6.3 \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

          — \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/span>
          \nCREATE<\/span> USER<\/span> app_user IDENTIFIED BY<\/span> "Secure#Pass2025"<\/span>
          \n DEFAULT<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> tbs_data
          \n TEMPORARY<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> temp<\/span>
          \n QUOTA 500<\/span>M ON<\/span> tbs_data
          \n PROFILE profile_app;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237<\/span>
          \nALTER<\/span> USER<\/span> app_user IDENTIFIED BY<\/span> "NewPass#2025"<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nALTER<\/span> USER<\/span> app_user ACCOUNT LOCK<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nALTER<\/span> USER<\/span> app_user ACCOUNT UNLOCK<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nALTER<\/span> USER<\/span> app_user QUOTA UNLIMITED ON<\/span> tbs_data;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<\/span>
          \nDROP<\/span> USER<\/span> app_user CASCADE<\/span>;<\/span> — CASCADE\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> username,<\/span> account_status,<\/span> default_tablespace,<\/span> created
          \nFROM<\/span> DBA_USERS ORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> created DESC<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          6.4 \u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

          — \u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650（200+\u79cd）<\/span>
          \nGRANT<\/span> CREATE<\/span> SESSION<\/span>,<\/span> CREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span>,<\/span> CREATE<\/span> VIEW<\/span> TO<\/span> app_user;<\/span>
          \nGRANT<\/span> CREATE<\/span> ANY<\/span> TABLE<\/span> TO<\/span> app_user WITH<\/span> ADMIN OPTION<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nGRANT<\/span> DBA TO<\/span> app_user;<\/span> — \u8c28\u614e！<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u5bf9\u8c61\u6743\u9650<\/span>
          \nGRANT<\/span> SELECT<\/span>,<\/span> INSERT<\/span>,<\/span> UPDATE<\/span> ON<\/span> hr.<\/span>employees TO<\/span> app_user;<\/span>
          \nGRANT<\/span> EXECUTE<\/span> ON<\/span> hr.<\/span>pkg_salary TO<\/span> app_user;<\/span>
          \nGRANT<\/span> ALL<\/span> ON<\/span> hr.<\/span>employees TO<\/span> app_user WITH<\/span> GRANT<\/span> OPTION<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u64a4\u9500\u6743\u9650<\/span>
          \nREVOKE<\/span> CREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> FROM<\/span> app_user;<\/span>
          \nREVOKE<\/span> SELECT<\/span> ON<\/span> hr.<\/span>employees FROM<\/span> app_user;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u67e5\u770b\u6743\u9650<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> DBA_SYS_PRIVS WHERE<\/span> grantee =<\/span> 'APP_USER'<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> DBA_TAB_PRIVS WHERE<\/span> grantee =<\/span> 'APP_USER'<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> SESSION_PRIVS;<\/span> — \u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/p>\n

          6.5 \u89d2\u8272\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

          — \u521b\u5efa\u89d2\u8272<\/span>
          \nCREATE<\/span> ROLE role_developer;<\/span>
          \nCREATE<\/span> ROLE role_dba IDENTIFIED BY<\/span> "RolePass123"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u6388\u4e88\u6743\u9650\u7ed9\u89d2\u8272<\/span>
          \nGRANT<\/span> CREATE<\/span> SESSION<\/span>,<\/span> CREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span>,<\/span> CREATE<\/span> PROCEDURE<\/span> TO<\/span> role_developer;<\/span>
          \nGRANT<\/span> SELECT<\/span> ANY<\/span> TABLE<\/span>,<\/span> INSERT<\/span> ANY<\/span> TABLE<\/span> TO<\/span> role_developer;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u5c06\u89d2\u8272\u6388\u4e88\u7528\u6237<\/span>
          \nGRANT<\/span> role_developer TO<\/span> app_user;<\/span>
          \nGRANT<\/span> role_developer TO<\/span> dev_user WITH<\/span> ADMIN OPTION<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u89d2\u8272\u5c42\u7ea7<\/span>
          \nGRANT<\/span> role_developer TO<\/span> role_dba;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u67e5\u770b\u89d2\u8272<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> DBA_ROLES;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> DBA_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE<\/span> grantee =<\/span> 'APP_USER'<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE<\/span> role =<\/span> 'ROLE_DBA'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u542f\u7528\/\u7981\u7528\u89d2\u8272<\/span>
          \nSET<\/span> ROLE role_developer;<\/span>
          \nSET<\/span> ROLE NONE;<\/span>
          \nSET<\/span> ROLE ALL<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          6.6 \u5ba1\u8ba1<\/h4>\n

          — \u7edf\u4e00\u5ba1\u8ba1（19c\u63a8\u8350）<\/span>
          \nCREATE<\/span> AUDIT POLICY pol_dml_actions
          \n ACTIONS SELECT<\/span> ON<\/span> hr.<\/span>employees,<\/span> INSERT<\/span> ON<\/span> hr.<\/span>employees,<\/span>
          \n UPDATE<\/span> ON<\/span> hr.<\/span>employees,<\/span> DELETE<\/span> ON<\/span> hr.<\/span>employees
          \n WHEN<\/span> 'SYS_CONTEXT(''USERENV'',''CLIENT_IDENTIFIER'') != ''batch_job'''<\/span>
          \n EVALUATE PER SESSION<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          AUDIT POLICY pol_dml_actions;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u5ba1\u8ba1\u7279\u6743\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>
          \nCREATE<\/span> AUDIT POLICY pol_priv_ops
          \n ACTIONS CREATE<\/span> USER<\/span>,<\/span> DROP<\/span> USER<\/span>,<\/span> ALTER<\/span> USER<\/span>,<\/span> GRANT<\/span>,<\/span> REVOKE<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nAUDIT POLICY pol_priv_ops BY<\/span> ALL<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u67e5\u770b\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> event_timestamp,<\/span> dbusername,<\/span> action_name,<\/span> object_name,<\/span> return_code
          \nFROM<\/span> UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL
          \nWHERE<\/span> event_timestamp ><\/span> SYSDATE –<\/span> 1<\/span>
          \nORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> event_timestamp DESC<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u6e05\u7406\u5ba1\u8ba1\u6570\u636e<\/span>
          \nEXEC<\/span> DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.<\/span>CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL(<\/span>audit_trail_type =<\/span>><\/span> DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.<\/span>AUDIT_TRAIL_UNIFIED)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

          \u7b2c7\u7ae0 PL\/SQL\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u53d1<\/h3>\n

          7.1 PL\/SQL\u5f00\u53d1\u57fa\u7840<\/h4>\n

          PL\/SQL\u662fOracle\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5316SQL\u6269\u5c55\u8bed\u8a00，\u652f\u6301\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406：<\/p>\n

          — \u533f\u540d\u5757<\/span>
          \nDECLARE<\/span>
          \n v_name VARCHAR2(<\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n v_salary NUMBER(<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n v_bonus NUMBER(<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n c_rate CONSTANT NUMBER :=<\/span> 0.15<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nBEGIN<\/span>
          \n SELECT<\/span> last_name,<\/span> salary INTO<\/span> v_name,<\/span> v_salary
          \n FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> employee_id =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          IF<\/span> v_salary ><\/span> 10000<\/span> THEN<\/span>
          \n v_bonus :=<\/span> v_salary *<\/span> c_rate;<\/span>
          \n ELSE<\/span>
          \n v_bonus :=<\/span> v_salary *<\/span> 0.10<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span> IF<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          DBMS_OUTPUT.<\/span>PUT_LINE(<\/span>v_name ||<\/span> ' bonus: '<\/span> ||<\/span> v_bonus)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nEXCEPTION
          \n WHEN<\/span> NO_DATA_FOUND THEN<\/span>
          \n DBMS_OUTPUT.<\/span>PUT_LINE(<\/span>'Employee not found'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n WHEN<\/span> TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN<\/span>
          \n DBMS_OUTPUT.<\/span>PUT_LINE(<\/span>'Multiple rows returned'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n WHEN<\/span> OTHERS THEN<\/span>
          \n DBMS_OUTPUT.<\/span>PUT_LINE(<\/span>'Error: '<\/span> ||<\/span> SQLERRM)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u63a7\u5236\u6d41<\/span>
          \nBEGIN<\/span>
          \n FOR<\/span> i IN<\/span> 1.<\/span>.10<\/span> LOOP<\/span>
          \n CONTINUE<\/span> WHEN<\/span> MOD<\/span>(<\/span>i,<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n DBMS_OUTPUT.<\/span>PUT_LINE(<\/span>'Odd: '<\/span> ||<\/span> i)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span> LOOP<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          FOR<\/span> rec IN<\/span> (<\/span>SELECT<\/span> employee_id,<\/span> last_name FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> ROWNUM <=<\/span> 5<\/span>)<\/span> LOOP<\/span>
          \n DBMS_OUTPUT.<\/span>PUT_LINE(<\/span>rec.<\/span>employee_id ||<\/span> ': '<\/span> ||<\/span> rec.<\/span>last_name)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span> LOOP<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          7.2 \u6e38\u6807<\/h4>\n

          — \u663e\u5f0f\u6e38\u6807<\/span>
          \nDECLARE<\/span>
          \n CURSOR<\/span> c_emp IS<\/span>
          \n SELECT<\/span> employee_id,<\/span> last_name,<\/span> salary
          \n FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> department_id =<\/span> 80<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n v_emp c_emp%<\/span>ROWTYPE;<\/span>
          \nBEGIN<\/span>
          \n OPEN<\/span> c_emp;<\/span>
          \n LOOP<\/span>
          \n FETCH<\/span> c_emp INTO<\/span> v_emp;<\/span>
          \n EXIT<\/span> WHEN<\/span> c_emp%<\/span>NOTFOUND;<\/span>
          \n DBMS_OUTPUT.<\/span>PUT_LINE(<\/span>v_emp.<\/span>last_name ||<\/span> ': '<\/span> ||<\/span> v_emp.<\/span>salary)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span> LOOP<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n CLOSE<\/span> c_emp;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6e38\u6807<\/span>
          \nDECLARE<\/span>
          \n CURSOR<\/span> c_dept_emp(<\/span>p_dept_id NUMBER)<\/span> IS<\/span>
          \n SELECT<\/span> last_name,<\/span> salary FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> department_id =<\/span> p_dept_id;<\/span>
          \nBEGIN<\/span>
          \n FOR<\/span> rec IN<\/span> c_dept_emp(<\/span>20<\/span>)<\/span> LOOP<\/span>
          \n DBMS_OUTPUT.<\/span>PUT_LINE(<\/span>rec.<\/span>last_name)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span> LOOP<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u6e38\u6807FOR UPDATE（\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0）<\/span>
          \nDECLARE<\/span>
          \n CURSOR<\/span> c_update IS<\/span>
          \n SELECT<\/span> salary FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> department_id =<\/span> 30<\/span>
          \n FOR<\/span> UPDATE<\/span> NOWAIT;<\/span>
          \nBEGIN<\/span>
          \n FOR<\/span> rec IN<\/span> c_update LOOP<\/span>
          \n UPDATE<\/span> employees SET<\/span> salary =<\/span> rec.<\/span>salary *<\/span> 1.05<\/span>
          \n WHERE<\/span> CURRENT<\/span> OF<\/span> c_update;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span> LOOP<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n COMMIT<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          — REF CURSOR（\u52a8\u6001\u6e38\u6807）<\/span>
          \nDECLARE<\/span>
          \n TYPE<\/span> t_ref_cur IS<\/span> REF CURSOR<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n v_cur t_ref_cur;<\/span>
          \n v_name VARCHAR2(<\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nBEGIN<\/span>
          \n OPEN<\/span> v_cur FOR<\/span> SELECT<\/span> last_name FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> ROWNUM <=<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n LOOP<\/span>
          \n FETCH<\/span> v_cur INTO<\/span> v_name;<\/span>
          \n EXIT<\/span> WHEN<\/span> v_cur%<\/span>NOTFOUND;<\/span>
          \n DBMS_OUTPUT.<\/span>PUT_LINE(<\/span>v_name)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span> LOOP<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n CLOSE<\/span> v_cur;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          7.3 \u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

          CREATE<\/span> OR<\/span> REPLACE<\/span> PROCEDURE<\/span> sp_adjust_salary (<\/span>
          \n p_dept_id IN<\/span> NUMBER,<\/span>
          \n p_percent IN<\/span> NUMBER DEFAULT<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span>
          \n p_count OUT<\/span> NUMBER
          \n)<\/span>
          \nIS<\/span>
          \n v_count NUMBER :=<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nBEGIN<\/span>
          \n UPDATE<\/span> employees
          \n SET<\/span> salary =<\/span> salary *<\/span> (<\/span>1<\/span> +<\/span> p_percent \/<\/span> 100<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n WHERE<\/span> department_id =<\/span> p_dept_id;<\/span><\/p>\n

          v_count :=<\/span> SQL<\/span>%<\/span>ROWCOUNT<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n p_count :=<\/span> v_count;<\/span><\/p>\n

          DBMS_OUTPUT.<\/span>PUT_LINE(<\/span>'Updated '<\/span> ||<\/span> v_count ||<\/span> ' employees.'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n COMMIT<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nEXCEPTION
          \n WHEN<\/span> OTHERS THEN<\/span>
          \n ROLLBACK<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(<\/span>–<\/span>20001<\/span>,<\/span> 'Salary adjustment failed: '<\/span> ||<\/span> SQLERRM)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span> sp_adjust_salary;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u8c03\u7528<\/span>
          \nDECLARE<\/span>
          \n v_cnt NUMBER;<\/span>
          \nBEGIN<\/span>
          \n sp_adjust_salary(<\/span>80<\/span>,<\/span> 10<\/span>,<\/span> v_cnt)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n DBMS_OUTPUT.<\/span>PUT_LINE(<\/span>'Affected: '<\/span> ||<\/span> v_cnt)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          7.4 \u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n

          CREATE<\/span> OR<\/span> REPLACE<\/span> FUNCTION<\/span> fn_get_annual_salary (<\/span>
          \n p_emp_id IN<\/span> NUMBER
          \n)<\/span> RETURN<\/span> NUMBER
          \nIS<\/span>
          \n v_annual NUMBER(<\/span>12<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nBEGIN<\/span>
          \n SELECT<\/span> (<\/span>salary +<\/span> NVL(<\/span>commission_pct,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> *<\/span> salary)<\/span> *<\/span> 12<\/span>
          \n INTO<\/span> v_annual
          \n FROM<\/span> employees
          \n WHERE<\/span> employee_id =<\/span> p_emp_id;<\/span><\/p>\n

          RETURN<\/span> v_annual;<\/span>
          \nEXCEPTION
          \n WHEN<\/span> NO_DATA_FOUND THEN<\/span>
          \n RETURN<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span> fn_get_annual_salary;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u8c03\u7528<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> last_name,<\/span> fn_get_annual_salary(<\/span>employee_id)<\/span> AS<\/span> annual
          \nFROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> department_id =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          7.5 \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305<\/h4>\n

          \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305（Package）\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6e38\u6807\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77：<\/p>\n

          — \u5305\u89c4\u8303（\u63a5\u53e3）<\/span>
          \nCREATE<\/span> OR<\/span> REPLACE<\/span> PACKAGE pkg_employee AS<\/span>
          \n c_max_salary CONSTANT NUMBER :=<\/span> 999999<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n TYPE<\/span> t_emp_rec IS<\/span> RECORD (<\/span>
          \n emp_id NUMBER,<\/span>
          \n name VARCHAR2(<\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
          \n salary NUMBER
          \n )<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n TYPE<\/span> t_emp_tab IS<\/span> TABLE<\/span> OF<\/span> t_emp_rec INDEX<\/span> BY<\/span> PLS_INTEGER;<\/span><\/p>\n

          PROCEDURE<\/span> hire_employee(<\/span>p_name VARCHAR2,<\/span> p_dept NUMBER,<\/span> p_salary NUMBER)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n PROCEDURE<\/span> fire_employee(<\/span>p_emp_id NUMBER)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n FUNCTION<\/span> get_salary(<\/span>p_emp_id NUMBER)<\/span> RETURN<\/span> NUMBER;<\/span>
          \n FUNCTION<\/span> get_dept_employees(<\/span>p_dept_id NUMBER)<\/span> RETURN<\/span> t_emp_tab;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span> pkg_employee;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u5305\u4f53（\u5b9e\u73b0）<\/span>
          \nCREATE<\/span> OR<\/span> REPLACE<\/span> PACKAGE BODY pkg_employee AS<\/span><\/p>\n

          PROCEDURE<\/span> hire_employee(<\/span>p_name VARCHAR2,<\/span> p_dept NUMBER,<\/span> p_salary NUMBER)<\/span> IS<\/span>
          \n BEGIN<\/span>
          \n IF<\/span> p_salary ><\/span> c_max_salary THEN<\/span>
          \n RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(<\/span>–<\/span>20002<\/span>,<\/span> 'Salary exceeds maximum'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span> IF<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n INSERT<\/span> INTO<\/span> employees(<\/span>employee_id,<\/span> last_name,<\/span> department_id,<\/span> salary,<\/span> hire_date)<\/span>
          \n VALUES<\/span>(<\/span>seq_emp_id.<\/span>NEXTVAL,<\/span> p_name,<\/span> p_dept,<\/span> p_salary,<\/span> SYSDATE)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n COMMIT<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          PROCEDURE<\/span> fire_employee(<\/span>p_emp_id NUMBER)<\/span> IS<\/span>
          \n BEGIN<\/span>
          \n DELETE<\/span> FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> employee_id =<\/span> p_emp_id;<\/span>
          \n IF<\/span> SQL<\/span>%<\/span>ROWCOUNT<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span> THEN<\/span>
          \n RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(<\/span>–<\/span>20003<\/span>,<\/span> 'Employee not found'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span> IF<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n COMMIT<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          FUNCTION<\/span> get_salary(<\/span>p_emp_id NUMBER)<\/span> RETURN<\/span> NUMBER IS<\/span>
          \n v_sal NUMBER;<\/span>
          \n BEGIN<\/span>
          \n SELECT<\/span> salary INTO<\/span> v_sal FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> employee_id =<\/span> p_emp_id;<\/span>
          \n RETURN<\/span> v_sal;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          FUNCTION<\/span> get_dept_employees(<\/span>p_dept_id NUMBER)<\/span> RETURN<\/span> t_emp_tab IS<\/span>
          \n v_tab t_emp_tab;<\/span>
          \n i PLS_INTEGER :=<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n BEGIN<\/span>
          \n FOR<\/span> rec IN<\/span> (<\/span>SELECT<\/span> employee_id,<\/span> last_name,<\/span> salary
          \n FROM<\/span> employees WHERE<\/span> department_id =<\/span> p_dept_id)<\/span> LOOP<\/span>
          \n i :=<\/span> i +<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n v_tab(<\/span>i)<\/span>.<\/span>emp_id :=<\/span> rec.<\/span>employee_id;<\/span>
          \n v_tab(<\/span>i)<\/span>.<\/span>name :=<\/span> rec.<\/span>last_name;<\/span>
          \n v_tab(<\/span>i)<\/span>.<\/span>salary :=<\/span> rec.<\/span>salary;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span> LOOP<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n RETURN<\/span> v_tab;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          END<\/span> pkg_employee;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u8c03\u7528<\/span>
          \nEXEC<\/span> pkg_employee.<\/span>hire_employee(<\/span>'Li Ming'<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span>,<\/span> 8000<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> pkg_employee.<\/span>get_salary(<\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span> FROM<\/span> DUAL;<\/span><\/p>\n

          7.6 \u89e6\u53d1\u5668<\/h4>\n

          — \u884c\u7ea7\u89e6\u53d1\u5668（\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7）<\/span>
          \nCREATE<\/span> OR<\/span> REPLACE<\/span> TRIGGER<\/span> trg_emp_salary_audit
          \nAFTER<\/span> UPDATE<\/span> OF<\/span> salary ON<\/span> employees
          \nFOR EACH ROW<\/span>
          \nWHEN<\/span> (<\/span>OLD.<\/span>salary <><\/span> NEW.<\/span>salary)<\/span>
          \nDECLARE<\/span>
          \n PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;<\/span>
          \nBEGIN<\/span>
          \n INSERT<\/span> INTO<\/span> salary_audit_log (<\/span>
          \n employee_id,<\/span> old_salary,<\/span> new_salary,<\/span> changed_by,<\/span> changed_at
          \n )<\/span> VALUES<\/span> (<\/span>
          \n :OLD.<\/span>employee_id,<\/span> :OLD.<\/span>salary,<\/span> :NEW.<\/span>salary,<\/span> USER<\/span>,<\/span> SYSTIMESTAMP
          \n )<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n COMMIT<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u8bed\u53e5\u7ea7\u89e6\u53d1\u5668<\/span>
          \nCREATE<\/span> OR<\/span> REPLACE<\/span> TRIGGER<\/span> trg_emp_insert_check
          \nBEFORE INSERT<\/span> ON<\/span> employees
          \nBEGIN<\/span>
          \n IF<\/span> TO_CHAR(<\/span>SYSDATE,<\/span> 'HH24'<\/span>)<\/span> NOT<\/span> BETWEEN<\/span> '08'<\/span> AND<\/span> '18'<\/span> THEN<\/span>
          \n RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(<\/span>–<\/span>20010<\/span>,<\/span> 'Insert only allowed during work hours'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n END<\/span> IF<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          — INSTEAD OF\u89e6\u53d1\u5668（\u7528\u4e8e\u89c6\u56fe）<\/span>
          \nCREATE<\/span> OR<\/span> REPLACE<\/span> TRIGGER<\/span> trg_v_emp_dept_insert
          \nINSTEAD OF<\/span> INSERT<\/span> ON<\/span> v_emp_dept
          \nFOR EACH ROW<\/span>
          \nBEGIN<\/span>
          \n INSERT<\/span> INTO<\/span> employees(<\/span>last_name,<\/span> department_id)<\/span> VALUES<\/span>(<\/span>:NEW.<\/span>last_name,<\/span> :NEW.<\/span>department_id)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nEND<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u67e5\u770b\u89e6\u53d1\u5668<\/span>
          \nSELECT<\/span> trigger_name,<\/span> trigger_type,<\/span> triggering_event,<\/span> status<\/span>
          \nFROM<\/span> USER_TRIGGERS WHERE<\/span> table_name =<\/span> 'EMPLOYEES'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          — \u7981\u7528\/\u542f\u7528<\/span>
          \nALTER<\/span> TRIGGER<\/span> trg_emp_salary_audit DISABLE<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nALTER<\/span> TRIGGER<\/span> trg_emp_salary_audit ENABLE<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

          \u7b2c8\u7ae0 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d<\/h3>\n

          8.1 \u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u6982\u8ff0<\/h4>\n\n\u5907\u4efd\u7c7b\u578b\u8bf4\u660e\u5de5\u5177<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u7269\u7406\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\nRMAN \/ OS\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n\u5bfc\u51fa\u8868\/\u6a21\u5f0f\/\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6570\u636e<\/td>\nData Pump (expdp\/impdp)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u5168\u91cf\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n\u5907\u4efd\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/td>\nRMAN BACKUP DATABASE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u5907\u4efd\u81ea\u4e0a\u6b21\u4ee5\u6765\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5757<\/td>\nRMAN INCREMENTAL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u70ed\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u5e93OPEN\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n\u9700\u5f52\u6863\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u51b7\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5173\u95ed\u540e\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\nOS\u590d\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \u6062\u590d\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u635f\u574f \u2192 \u8fd8\u539f+\u6062\u590d<\/li>\n
          • \u8bef\u5220\u8868 \u2192 \u95ea\u56de\/\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u6062\u590d<\/li>\n
          • \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5d29\u6e83 \u2192 \u81ea\u52a8\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6062\u590d（SMON）<\/li>\n
          • \u4ecb\u8d28\u6545\u969c \u2192 RMAN\u6062\u590d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            8.2 \u624b\u52a8\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d<\/h4>\n

            — \u70ed\u5907\u4efd（\u9700\u5f52\u6863\u6a21\u5f0f）<\/span>
            \nALTER<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> tbs_data BEGIN<\/span> BACKUP<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n— OS\u5c42\u9762\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
            \n— cp \/u01\/oradata\/orcl\/tbs_data01.dbf \/backup\/<\/span>
            \nALTER<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> tbs_data END<\/span> BACKUP<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u6062\u590d<\/span>
            \n— 1. \u8fd8\u539f\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
            \n— 2. \u6062\u590d<\/span>
            \nRECOVER DATAFILE '\/u01\/oradata\/orcl\/tbs_data01.dbf'<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n— \u6216<\/span>
            \nRECOVER DATABASE<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n— 3. \u6253\u5f00<\/span>
            \nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> OPEN<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            8.3 RMAN\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d<\/h4>\n

            RMAN（Recovery Manager）\u662fOracle\u5b98\u65b9\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u5de5\u5177：<\/p>\n

            # \u8fde\u63a5RMAN<\/span>
            \nrman target \/<\/p>\n

            # \u914d\u7f6e<\/span>
            \nCONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2<\/span>;<\/span>
            \nCONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;<\/span>
            \nCONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;<\/span>
            \nCONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '\/backup\/rman\/%U'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            # \u5168\u5e93\u5907\u4efd<\/span>
            \nBACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;<\/span><\/p>\n

            # \u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd<\/span>
            \nBACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0<\/span> DATABASE;<\/span> — 0<\/span>\u7ea7（\u57fa\u7ebf）
            \nBACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1<\/span> DATABASE;<\/span> — 1<\/span>\u7ea7\u589e\u91cf<\/p>\n

            # \u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u5907\u4efd<\/span>
            \nBACKUP TABLESPACE tbs_data;<\/span><\/p>\n

            # \u5f52\u6863\u65e5\u5fd7\u5907\u4efd<\/span>
            \nBACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;<\/span><\/p>\n

            # \u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd<\/span>
            \nBACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE;<\/span><\/p>\n

            # \u67e5\u770b\u5907\u4efd<\/span>
            \nLIST BACKUP SUMMARY;<\/span>
            \nLIST BACKUP OF DATABASE;<\/span><\/p>\n

            # \u6062\u590d\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/span>
            \nRUN {<\/span>
            \n STARTUP MOUNT;<\/span>
            \n RESTORE DATABASE;<\/span>
            \n RECOVER DATABASE;<\/span>
            \n ALTER DATABASE OPEN;<\/span>
            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

            # \u6062\u590d\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9（PITR）<\/span>
            \nRUN {<\/span>
            \n STARTUP MOUNT;<\/span>
            \n SET UNTIL TIME "TO_DATE('2025-06-15 14:00:00','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')"<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n RESTORE DATABASE;<\/span>
            \n RECOVER DATABASE;<\/span>
            \n ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;<\/span>
            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

            # \u6062\u590d\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
            \nRUN {<\/span>
            \n SQL 'ALTER TABLESPACE tbs_data OFFLINE'<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n RESTORE DATAFILE '\/u01\/oradata\/orcl\/tbs_data01.dbf'<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n RECOVER DATAFILE '\/u01\/oradata\/orcl\/tbs_data01.dbf'<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n SQL 'ALTER TABLESPACE tbs_data ONLINE'<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

            # \u4ea4\u53c9\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0e\u6e05\u7406<\/span>
            \nCROSSCHECK BACKUP;<\/span>
            \nDELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE;<\/span>
            \nDELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED BACKUP;<\/span><\/p>\n

            8.4 \u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d<\/h4>\n

            Data Pump\u662fOracle\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd\u5de5\u5177（\u66ff\u4ee3\u65e7\u7248exp\/imp）：<\/p>\n

            # \u5168\u5e93\u5bfc\u51fa<\/span>
            \nexpdp system\/password DIRECTORY<\/span>=<\/span>dpump_dir DUMPFILE<\/span>=<\/span>full_db.dmp \\\\<\/span>
            \n FULL<\/span>=<\/span>Y LOGFILE<\/span>=<\/span>full_db.log COMPRESSION<\/span>=<\/span>ALL PARALLEL<\/span>=<\/span>4<\/span><\/p>\n

            # \u6a21\u5f0f\u5bfc\u51fa<\/span>
            \nexpdp system\/password DIRECTORY<\/span>=<\/span>dpump_dir DUMPFILE<\/span>=<\/span>hr_schema.dmp \\\\<\/span>
            \n SCHEMAS<\/span>=<\/span>HR LOGFILE<\/span>=<\/span>hr_schema.log<\/p>\n

            # \u8868\u5bfc\u51fa<\/span>
            \nexpdp hr\/password DIRECTORY<\/span>=<\/span>dpump_dir DUMPFILE<\/span>=<\/span>employees.dmp \\\\<\/span>
            \n TABLES<\/span>=<\/span>employees,departments<\/p>\n

            # \u5bfc\u5165<\/span>
            \nimpdp system\/password DIRECTORY<\/span>=<\/span>dpump_dir DUMPFILE<\/span>=<\/span>hr_schema.dmp \\\\<\/span>
            \n SCHEMAS<\/span>=<\/span>HR REMAP_SCHEMA<\/span>=<\/span>HR:HR_NEW LOGFILE<\/span>=<\/span>import.log<\/p>\n

            # \u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f20\u8f93<\/span>
            \nexpdp system\/password DIRECTORY<\/span>=<\/span>dpump_dir DUMPFILE<\/span>=<\/span>ts_transport.dmp \\\\<\/span>
            \n TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES<\/span>=<\/span>tbs_data<\/p>\n

            # \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span>
            \nCREATE DIRECTORY dpump_dir AS '\/u01\/backup\/datapump'<\/span>;<\/span>
            \nGRANT READ, WRITE ON DIRECTORY dpump_dir TO hr;<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n

            \u7b2c9\u7ae0 \u95ea\u56de\u6280\u672f<\/h3>\n

            9.1 \u95ea\u56de\u6280\u672f\u6982\u8ff0<\/h4>\n

            \u95ea\u56de（Flashback）\u6280\u672f\u662fOracle\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u6062\u590d\u624b\u6bb5，\u53ef\u5728\u4e0d\u505a\u5b8c\u6574\u6062\u590d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u9000\u9519\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n\n\u6280\u672f\u7528\u9014\u4f9d\u8d56<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \u95ea\u56de\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/td>\nUNDO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u95ea\u56de\u7248\u672c\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u7248\u672c<\/td>\nUNDO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u95ea\u56de\u4e8b\u52a1\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ea7\u53d8\u66f4\u53ca\u53cd\u5411SQL<\/td>\nUNDO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u95ea\u56de\u8868<\/td>\n\u5c06\u8868\u56de\u9000\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u65f6\u523b<\/td>\nUNDO + \u884c\u79fb\u52a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u95ea\u56de\u5220\u9664<\/td>\n\u6062\u590d\u88abDROP\u7684\u8868<\/td>\n\u56de\u6536\u7ad9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u95ea\u56de\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/td>\n\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u56de\u9000<\/td>\n\u95ea\u56de\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u95ea\u56de\u6570\u636e\u5f52\u6863<\/td>\n\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u7559\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e<\/td>\nFDA\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            9.2 \u95ea\u56de\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n

            — \u67e5\u8be25\u5206\u949f\u524d\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/span>
            \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> employees
            \nAS<\/span> OF<\/span> TIMESTAMP<\/span> (<\/span>SYSTIMESTAMP –<\/span> INTERVAL<\/span> '5'<\/span> MINUTE<\/span>)<\/span>
            \nWHERE<\/span> employee_id =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u67e5\u8be2\u6307\u5b9aSCN\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/span>
            \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> employees
            \nAS<\/span> OF<\/span> SCN 123456789<\/span>
            \nWHERE<\/span> department_id =<\/span> 20<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u67e5\u8be2\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9<\/span>
            \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> employees
            \nAS<\/span> OF<\/span> TIMESTAMP<\/span> TO_TIMESTAMP(<\/span>'2025-06-15 10:00:00'<\/span>,<\/span> 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u57fa\u4e8e\u95ea\u56de\u67e5\u8be2\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e<\/span>
            \nINSERT<\/span> INTO<\/span> employees
            \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> employees
            \nAS<\/span> OF<\/span> TIMESTAMP<\/span> (<\/span>SYSTIMESTAMP –<\/span> INTERVAL<\/span> '30'<\/span> MINUTE<\/span>)<\/span>
            \nWHERE<\/span> employee_id NOT<\/span> IN<\/span> (<\/span>SELECT<\/span> employee_id FROM<\/span> employees)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            9.3 \u95ea\u56de\u7248\u672c\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n

            — \u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u7248\u672c<\/span>
            \nSELECT<\/span> versions_starttime,<\/span> versions_endtime,<\/span> versions_operation,<\/span>
            \n employee_id,<\/span> salary
            \nFROM<\/span> employees
            \nVERSIONS BETWEEN<\/span> TIMESTAMP<\/span> MINVALUE AND<\/span> MAXVALUE
            \nWHERE<\/span> employee_id =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — VERSIONS_OPERATION: I=Insert, U=Update, D=Delete<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u67e5\u770bSCN\u8303\u56f4<\/span>
            \nSELECT<\/span> versions_startscn,<\/span> versions_endscn,<\/span> versions_xid,<\/span> salary
            \nFROM<\/span> employees
            \nVERSIONS BETWEEN<\/span> SCN MINVALUE AND<\/span> MAXVALUE
            \nWHERE<\/span> employee_id =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            9.4 \u95ea\u56de\u4e8b\u52a1\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n

            — \u67e5\u8be2\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u53ca\u64a4\u9500SQL<\/span>
            \nSELECT<\/span> xid,<\/span> operation,<\/span> table_name,<\/span> undo_sql
            \nFROM<\/span> FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY
            \nWHERE<\/span> table_name =<\/span> 'EMPLOYEES'<\/span>
            \n AND<\/span> operation =<\/span> 'UPDATE'<\/span>
            \n AND<\/span> commit_timestamp ><\/span> SYSDATE –<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u7ed3\u5408\u95ea\u56de\u7248\u672c\u67e5\u8be2\u83b7\u53d6\u4e8b\u52a1ID<\/span>
            \nSELECT<\/span> versions_xid FROM<\/span> employees
            \nVERSIONS BETWEEN<\/span> TIMESTAMP<\/span> MINVALUE AND<\/span> MAXVALUE
            \nWHERE<\/span> employee_id =<\/span> 100<\/span> AND<\/span> versions_operation =<\/span> 'U'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            9.5 \u95ea\u56de\u8868<\/h4>\n

            — \u542f\u7528\u884c\u79fb\u52a8（\u95ea\u56de\u8868\u524d\u63d0）<\/span>
            \nALTER<\/span> TABLE<\/span> employees ENABLE<\/span> ROW<\/span> MOVEMENT;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u95ea\u56de\u8868\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>
            \nFLASHBACK TABLE<\/span> employees TO<\/span> TIMESTAMP<\/span>
            \n TO_TIMESTAMP(<\/span>'2025-06-15 09:00:00'<\/span>,<\/span> 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u95ea\u56de\u8868\u5230\u6307\u5b9aSCN<\/span>
            \nFLASHBACK TABLE<\/span> employees TO<\/span> SCN 987654321<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u95ea\u56de\u591a\u4e2a\u8868（\u4fdd\u6301\u5f15\u7528\u5b8c\u6574\u6027）<\/span>
            \nFLASHBACK TABLE<\/span> employees,<\/span> departments TO<\/span> TIMESTAMP<\/span> (<\/span>SYSTIMESTAMP –<\/span> INTERVAL<\/span> '1'<\/span> HOUR<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            9.6 \u95ea\u56de\u5220\u9664<\/h4>\n

            — \u5220\u9664\u8868（\u8fdb\u5165\u56de\u6536\u7ad9）<\/span>
            \nDROP<\/span> TABLE<\/span> employees;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u67e5\u770b\u56de\u6536\u7ad9<\/span>
            \nSELECT<\/span> object_name,<\/span> original_name,<\/span> droptime FROM<\/span> RECYCLEBIN;<\/span>
            \nSHOW<\/span> RECYCLEBIN;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u6062\u590d\u8868<\/span>
            \nFLASHBACK TABLE<\/span> employees TO<\/span> BEFORE DROP<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u6062\u590d\u5e76\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/span>
            \nFLASHBACK TABLE<\/span> employees TO<\/span> BEFORE DROP<\/span> RENAME<\/span> TO<\/span> employees_restored;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u6e05\u7a7a\u56de\u6536\u7ad9<\/span>
            \nPURGE<\/span> RECYCLEBIN;<\/span> — \u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237<\/span>
            \nPURGE<\/span> DBA_RECYCLEBIN;<\/span> — DBA<\/span>
            \nPURGE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> employees;<\/span> — \u6307\u5b9a\u8868<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u7ed5\u8fc7\u56de\u6536\u7ad9\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664<\/span>
            \nDROP<\/span> TABLE<\/span> employees PURGE<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            9.7 \u95ea\u56de\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n

            — \u524d\u63d0：\u5f00\u542f\u95ea\u56de\u65e5\u5fd7（\u9700MOUNT\u72b6\u6001\u914d\u7f6e）<\/span>
            \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> DB_FLASHBACK_RETENTION_TARGET =<\/span> 4320<\/span>;<\/span> — \u4fdd\u75593\u5929（\u5206\u949f）<\/span>
            \nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> FLASHBACK ON<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u6267\u884c\u95ea\u56de\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/span>
            \nSHUTDOWN<\/span> IMMEDIATE;<\/span>
            \nSTARTUP MOUNT;<\/span>
            \nFLASHBACK DATABASE<\/span> TO<\/span> TIMESTAMP<\/span>
            \n TO_TIMESTAMP(<\/span>'2025-06-14 08:00:00'<\/span>,<\/span> 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n— \u6216<\/span>
            \nFLASHBACK DATABASE<\/span> TO<\/span> SCN 567890123<\/span>;<\/span>
            \nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> OPEN<\/span> RESETLOGS;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u521b\u5efa\u8fd8\u539f\u70b9（\u547d\u540d\u5feb\u7167）<\/span>
            \nCREATE<\/span> RESTORE<\/span> POINT<\/span> before_upgrade GUARANTEE FLASHBACK DATABASE<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n— \u95ea\u56de\u5230\u8fd8\u539f\u70b9<\/span>
            \nFLASHBACK DATABASE<\/span> TO<\/span> RESTORE<\/span> POINT<\/span> before_upgrade;<\/span>
            \nDROP<\/span> RESTORE<\/span> POINT<\/span> before_upgrade;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u67e5\u770b\u95ea\u56de\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span>
            \nSELECT<\/span> oldest_flashback_scn,<\/span> retention_target,<\/span> flashback_size\/<\/span>1024<\/span>\/<\/span>1024<\/span>
            \nFROM<\/span> V$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG;<\/span><\/p>\n

            9.8 \u95ea\u56de\u6570\u636e\u5f52\u6863（FDA）<\/h4>\n

            — \u521b\u5efa\u95ea\u56de\u5f52\u6863\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>
            \nCREATE<\/span> TABLESPACE<\/span> fda_ts DATAFILE '\/u01\/oradata\/orcl\/fda01.dbf'<\/span> SIZE 2<\/span>G;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u521b\u5efa\u95ea\u56de\u5f52\u6863<\/span>
            \nCREATE<\/span> FLASHBACK ARCHIVE fda_1year
            \n TABLESPACE<\/span> fda_ts
            \n RETENTION 1<\/span> YEAR<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u8bbe\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4<\/span>
            \nALTER<\/span> FLASHBACK ARCHIVE fda_1year SET<\/span> DEFAULT<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u4e3a\u8868\u542f\u7528\u95ea\u56de\u5f52\u6863<\/span>
            \nALTER<\/span> TABLE<\/span> hr.<\/span>employees FLASHBACK ARCHIVE fda_1year;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u67e5\u8be2\u4efb\u610f\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9<\/span>
            \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> hr.<\/span>employees
            \nAS<\/span> OF<\/span> TIMESTAMP<\/span> TO_TIMESTAMP(<\/span>'2024-01-01 00:00:00'<\/span>,<\/span> 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            — \u79fb\u9664\u95ea\u56de\u5f52\u6863<\/span>
            \nALTER<\/span> TABLE<\/span> hr.<\/span>employees NO<\/span> FLASHBACK ARCHIVE;<\/span>
            \nDROP<\/span> FLASHBACK ARCHIVE fda_1year;<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n

            \u7b2c10\u7ae0 \u591a\u79df\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h3>\n

            10.1 \u591a\u79df\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n

            Oracle 12c\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u591a\u79df\u6237（Multitenant）\u67b6\u6784\u662fOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u9769，19c\u4e2d\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u548c\u63a8\u8350\u67b6\u6784：<\/p>\n

            \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 CDB (Container Database) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
            \n\u2502 \u2502
            \n\u2502 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502
            \n\u2502 \u2502 ROOT \u2502 \u2502 PDB$SEED\u2502 \u2502 PDB1 \u2502 \u2502 PDB2 \u2502 … \u2502
            \n\u2502 \u2502 (CDB$ROOT)\u2502 \u2502 (\u6a21\u677f\u5e93) \u2502 \u2502(\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e931)\u2502 \u2502(\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e932)\u2502 \u2502
            \n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u2502
            \n\u2502 \u2502
            \n\u2502 \u5171\u4eab: SGA\u3001\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7 \u2502
            \n\u2502 \u9694\u79bb: \u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2502
            \n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/p>\n

            \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • CDB（Container Database）：\u5bb9\u5668\u6570\u636e\u5e93，\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u5bb9\u5668<\/li>\n
            • CDB$ROOT：\u6839\u5bb9\u5668，\u5b58\u50a8Oracle\u5143\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n
            • PDB$SEED：\u79cd\u5b50PDB，\u521b\u5efa\u65b0PDB\u7684\u6a21\u677f（\u53ea\u8bfb）<\/li>\n
            • PDB（Pluggable Database）：\u53ef\u63d2\u62d4\u6570\u636e\u5e93，\u627f\u8f7d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e1a\u52a1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              10.2 \u521b\u5efaCDB\u4e0ePDB<\/h4>\n

              — \u521b\u5efaCDB（DBCA\u6216\u624b\u52a8）<\/span>
              \nCREATE<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> cdb1
              \n USER<\/span> SYS IDENTIFIED BY<\/span> sys_pass
              \n USER<\/span> SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY<\/span> system_pass
              \n ENABLE<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span>
              \n SEED FILE_NAME_CONVERT =<\/span> (<\/span>'\/u01\/oradata\/'<\/span>,<\/span> '\/u01\/oradata\/cdb1\/pdbseed\/'<\/span>)<\/span>
              \n DATAFILE '\/u01\/oradata\/cdb1\/system01.dbf'<\/span> SIZE 500<\/span>M
              \n SYSAUX DATAFILE '\/u01\/oradata\/cdb1\/sysaux01.dbf'<\/span> SIZE 500<\/span>M
              \n UNDO TABLESPACE<\/span> undotbs1 DATAFILE '\/u01\/oradata\/cdb1\/undotbs01.dbf'<\/span> SIZE 200<\/span>M;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u521b\u5efaPDB<\/span>
              \nCREATE<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> pdb_sales
              \n ADMIN USER<\/span> pdb_admin IDENTIFIED BY<\/span> "Admin#2025"<\/span>
              \n FILE_NAME_CONVERT =<\/span> (<\/span>'\/u01\/oradata\/cdb1\/pdbseed\/'<\/span>,<\/span> '\/u01\/oradata\/cdb1\/pdb_sales\/'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u4ece\u73b0\u6709PDB\u514b\u9686<\/span>
              \nCREATE<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> pdb_sales_copy FROM<\/span> pdb_sales
              \n FILE_NAME_CONVERT =<\/span> (<\/span>'\/u01\/oradata\/cdb1\/pdb_sales\/'<\/span>,<\/span> '\/u01\/oradata\/cdb1\/pdb_sales_copy\/'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u6253\u5f00PDB<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> pdb_sales OPEN<\/span>;<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> ALL<\/span> OPEN<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u4fdd\u5b58PDB\u72b6\u6001（\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u6253\u5f00）<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> pdb_sales SAVE<\/span> STATE;<\/span><\/p>\n

              10.3 \u7ba1\u7406CDB\u4e0ePDB<\/h4>\n

              — \u67e5\u770b\u5bb9\u5668\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>
              \nSELECT<\/span> con_id,<\/span> name,<\/span> open_mode,<\/span> restricted FROM<\/span> V$CONTAINERS;<\/span>
              \nSHOW<\/span> PDBS;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u5207\u6362\u5bb9\u5668<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> SESSION<\/span> SET<\/span> CONTAINER =<\/span> pdb_sales;<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> SESSION<\/span> SET<\/span> CONTAINER =<\/span> CDB$ROOT;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u5173\u95edPDB<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> pdb_sales CLOSE<\/span>;<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> ALL<\/span> CLOSE<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u62d4\u51faPDB（Unplug）<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> pdb_sales CLOSE<\/span>;<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> pdb_sales UNPLUG INTO<\/span> '\/tmp\/pdb_sales.xml'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u63d2\u5165PDB（Plug）<\/span>
              \nCREATE<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> pdb_new
              \n USING<\/span> '\/tmp\/pdb_sales.xml'<\/span>
              \n FILE_NAME_CONVERT =<\/span> (<\/span>'\/old_path\/'<\/span>,<\/span> '\/new_path\/'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u5220\u9664PDB<\/span>
              \nDROP<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> pdb_sales INCLUDING DATAFILES;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> SYSTEM SET<\/span> CPU_COUNT =<\/span> 4<\/span> CONTAINER =<\/span> pdb_sales;<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> pdb_sales SET<\/span> DEFAULT_TABLESPACE =<\/span> tbs_pdb;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u67e5\u770bPDB\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>
              \nSELECT<\/span> con_id,<\/span> name,<\/span> value<\/span> FROM<\/span> V$SYSTEM_PARAMETER WHERE<\/span> name =<\/span> 'cpu_count'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              10.4 \u591a\u79df\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

              — CDB\u7ea7\u522b\u7528\u6237（\u516c\u5171\u7528\u6237，\u4ee5C##\u6216c##\u5f00\u5934）<\/span>
              \nCREATE<\/span> USER<\/span> c##global_admin IDENTIFIED BY "Global#2025" CONTAINER = ALL;<\/span>
              \nGRANT<\/span> CREATE<\/span> SESSION<\/span> TO<\/span> c##global_admin CONTAINER = ALL;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — PDB\u7ea7\u522b\u7528\u6237（\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237）<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> SESSION<\/span> SET<\/span> CONTAINER =<\/span> pdb_sales;<\/span>
              \nCREATE<\/span> USER<\/span> local_app IDENTIFIED BY<\/span> "Local#2025"<\/span>;<\/span>
              \nGRANT<\/span> CREATE<\/span> SESSION<\/span>,<\/span> CREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> TO<\/span> local_app;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u516c\u5171\u89d2\u8272<\/span>
              \nCREATE<\/span> ROLE c##role_dba CONTAINER = ALL;<\/span>
              \nGRANT<\/span> DBA TO<\/span> c##role_dba CONTAINER = ALL;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — \u6743\u9650\u7ee7\u627f<\/span>
              \nGRANT<\/span> SELECT<\/span> ANY<\/span> TABLE<\/span> TO<\/span> c##global_admin CONTAINER = ALL;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — PDB\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u6743\u9650<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> SESSION<\/span> SET<\/span> CONTAINER =<\/span> pdb_sales;<\/span>
              \nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> DBA_SYS_PRIVS WHERE<\/span> grantee =<\/span> 'LOCAL_APP'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              10.5 \u591a\u79df\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d<\/h4>\n

              # RMAN\u8fde\u63a5CDB<\/span>
              \nrman target \/<\/p>\n

              # \u5907\u4efd\u6574\u4e2aCDB（\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709PDB）<\/span>
              \nBACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;<\/span><\/p>\n

              # \u5907\u4efd\u5355\u4e2aPDB<\/span>
              \nBACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_sales;<\/span><\/p>\n

              # \u5907\u4efdPDB\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>
              \nBACKUP TABLESPACE pdb_sales:users;<\/span><\/p>\n

              # \u6062\u590d\u5355\u4e2aPDB<\/span>
              \nRUN {<\/span>
              \n ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_sales CLOSE;<\/span>
              \n RESTORE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_sales;<\/span>
              \n RECOVER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_sales;<\/span>
              \n ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_sales OPEN;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              # PDB\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u6062\u590d<\/span>
              \nRUN {<\/span>
              \n ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_sales CLOSE;<\/span>
              \n SET UNTIL TIME "TO_DATE('2025-06-15 12:00:00','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')"<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n RESTORE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_sales;<\/span>
              \n RECOVER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_sales;<\/span>
              \n ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_sales OPEN RESETLOGS;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              — PDB\u7ea7\u522b\u95ea\u56de<\/span>
              \nALTER<\/span> SESSION<\/span> SET<\/span> CONTAINER =<\/span> pdb_sales;<\/span>
              \nFLASHBACK PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/span> pdb_sales TO<\/span> TIMESTAMP<\/span>
              \n TO_TIMESTAMP(<\/span>'2025-06-15 08:00:00'<\/span>,<\/span> 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              — Data Pump\u5728PDB\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>
              \n— \u9700\u8fde\u63a5PDB\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u540d<\/span>
              \nexpdp system\/<\/span>password@pdb_sales<\/span> DIRECTORY=<\/span>dp_dir DUMPFILE<\/span>=<\/span>pdb_export.<\/span>dmp FULL<\/span>=<\/span>Y<\/p>\n

              \n

              \u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n

              📋 \u5168\u4e66\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31<\/h4>\n

              Oracle 19c \u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb
              \n\u251c\u2500\u2500 \u57fa\u7840\u5c42
              \n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 \u5b89\u88c5\u90e8\u7f72（\u7b2c1\u7ae0）
              \n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 \u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784（\u7b2c2\u7ae0）
              \n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e（\u7b2c1\u7ae0）
              \n\u251c\u2500\u2500 \u7ba1\u7406\u5c42
              \n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 \u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406（\u7b2c3\u7ae0）
              \n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 \u6a21\u5f0f\u5bf9\u8c61（\u7b2c4\u7ae0）
              \n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 \u7528\u6237\u5b89\u5168（\u7b2c6\u7ae0）
              \n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u591a\u79df\u6237\u7ba1\u7406（\u7b2c10\u7ae0）
              \n\u251c\u2500\u2500 \u5f00\u53d1\u5c42
              \n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 SQL\u64cd\u4f5c（\u7b2c5\u7ae0）
              \n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 PL\/SQL\u5f00\u53d1（\u7b2c7\u7ae0）
              \n\u2514\u2500\u2500 \u8fd0\u7ef4\u5c42
              \n \u251c\u2500\u2500 \u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d（\u7b2c8\u7ae0）
              \n \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u95ea\u56de\u6280\u672f（\u7b2c9\u7ae0）<\/p>\n

              🎯 \u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u5f84\u5efa\u8bae<\/h4>\n\n\u9636\u6bb5\u91cd\u70b9\u7ae0\u8282\u76ee\u6807<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \u5165\u95e8<\/td>\n\u7b2c1\u30012\u30015\u7ae0<\/td>\n\u80fd\u5b89\u88c5Oracle，\u7406\u89e3\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784，\u719f\u7ec3SQL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u8fdb\u9636<\/td>\n\u7b2c3\u30014\u30016\u7ae0<\/td>\n\u638c\u63e1\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u5f00\u53d1<\/td>\n\u7b2c7\u7ae0<\/td>\n\u80fd\u7f16\u5199\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u5305\u3001\u89e6\u53d1\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u8fd0\u7ef4<\/td>\n\u7b2c8\u30019\u300110\u7ae0<\/td>\n\u638c\u63e1\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u3001\u95ea\u56de\u3001\u591a\u79df\u6237\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              \u26a1 \u5173\u952e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u70b9<\/h4>\n
            • \u5b9e\u4f8b \u2260 \u6570\u636e\u5e93：\u5b9e\u4f8b\u662f\u5185\u5b58+\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u7269\u7406\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
            • SGA\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684，PGA\u662f\u79c1\u6709\u7684<\/li>\n
            • LGWR\u5199Redo \u2192 DBWR\u5199\u6570\u636e \u2192 CKPT\u5199\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9<\/li>\n
            • UNDO\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u6eda\u548c\u8bfb\u4e00\u81f4\u6027，REDO\u7528\u4e8e\u524d\u6eda\u6062\u590d<\/li>\n
            • \u5f52\u6863\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u70ed\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u95ea\u56de\u7684\u524d\u63d0<\/li>\n
            • RMAN\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u7684\u9996\u9009\u5de5\u5177<\/li>\n
            • \u95ea\u56de\u6280\u672f\u4f9d\u8d56UNDO\u6216\u95ea\u56de\u65e5\u5fd7，\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u5907\u4efd<\/li>\n
            • \u591a\u79df\u6237\u67b6\u6784\u4e0b，\u516c\u5171\u7528\u6237\u4ee5C##\u5f00\u5934<\/li>\n
            • PDB\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u6062\u590d\u3001\u514b\u9686\u3001\u62d4\u63d2<\/li>\n
            • PL\/SQL\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e<\/li>\n
              \n

              📝 \u5199\u5728\u6700\u540e：Oracle 19c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u652f\u6301\u7248\u672c，\u5176\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e9e\u5927\u800c\u7cbe\u6df1\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901f\u901a\u6307\u5357，\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u7ed3\u5408Oracle\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863（docs.oracle.com）\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u73af\u5883\u53cd\u590d\u7ec3\u4e60，\u65b9\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u638c\u63e1\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5982\u679c\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9，\u6b22\u8fce \u70b9\u8d5e\u3001\u6536\u85cf\u3001\u5173\u6ce8 \u4e09\u8fde\u652f\u6301！\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u6b22\u8fce\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u4ea4\u6d41\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002 🚀<\/p>\n

              \n

              \u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u300aOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u7528\u6559\u7a0b(19C)\u300b\u6574\u7406，\u4ec5\u4f9b\u5b66\u4e60\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n

              \u9644\u5f55：Oracle 19c \u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u56fe\u8868\u96c6<\/h2>\n

              📎 \u9644\u5f55\u8bf4\u660e：\u672c\u9644\u5f55\u4e3a\u300a\u4e07\u5b57\u4e66\u7c4d\u901f\u901a\u4e4b\u3008Oracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u7528\u6559\u7a0b(19C)\u3009\u300b\u7684\u914d\u5957\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Mermaid\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u3001\u67b6\u6784\u56fe\u3001\u65f6\u5e8f\u56fe\u53ca\u6c47\u603b\u8868\u683c，\u5c06\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5177\u8c61\u5316，\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0e\u6b63\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n

              A.1 Oracle 19c \u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u5168\u666f\u56fe<\/h3>\n

              A.1.1 \u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5173\u7cfb\u603b\u89c8<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .label text,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .node rect,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .node circle,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .node .label,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-t0xhU9JaL4xm4Vpq :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

              Oracle Database（\u7269\u7406\u6587\u4ef6）<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Oracle Instance（\u5185\u5b58+\u8fdb\u7a0b）<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Server Processes<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Background Processes<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SGA Components<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8bfb\u5199\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5199\u5165\u91cd\u505a\u8bb0\u5f55<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6301\u4e45\u5316<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5237\u810f\u5757<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5934<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5934<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5f52\u6863\u5df2\u6ee1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5b9e\u4f8b\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5b9e\u4f8b\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6e05\u7406\u5931\u8d25\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6e05\u7406\u5931\u8d25\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6e05\u7406\u5931\u8d25\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              AWR\u5feb\u7167<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u79c1\u6709\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u79c1\u6709\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u79c1\u6709\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SGA (System Global Area)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              PGA (Program Global Area)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Database Buffer Cache<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Shared Pool(Library Cache + Data Dict Cache)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Redo Log Buffer<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Large Pool<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Java Pool<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Streams Pool<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBWRDatabase Writer<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              LGWRLog Writer<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SMONSystem Monitor<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              PMONProcess Monitor<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              CKPTCheckpoint<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ARCnArchiver<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              MMONManageability Monitor<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              RECORecoverer<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Dedicated Server Process 1<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Dedicated Server Process 2<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Dedicated Server Process N<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Data Files(\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u6570\u636e)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Control Files(\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5143\u6570\u636e)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Online Redo Log Files(\u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Archive Log Files(\u5f52\u6863\u65e5\u5fd7)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Parameter File(SPFILE\/PFILE)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Password File<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              A.1.2 SGA \u5185\u5b58\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .label text,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .node rect,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .node circle,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .node .label,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-jCoKq2ia2T71Ctlo :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u547d\u4e2d\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u672a\u547d\u4e2d<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Cache Hit<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Cache Miss<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u66f4<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              LGWR\u5199\u5165<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBWR\u5b9a\u671f\u5237\u76d8<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5ba2\u6237\u7aefSQL\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u89e3\u6790\u9636\u6bb5(Shared Pool)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6267\u884c\u9636\u6bb5<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u786c\u89e3\u6790(\u751f\u6210\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Database Buffer Cache<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u78c1\u76d8I\/O(Data Files)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Redo Log Buffer<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Online Redo Log<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Data Files<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \n

              A.2 SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5904\u7406\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h3>\n

              A.2.1 SELECT \u8bed\u53e5\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/h4>\n

              Redo Log BufferData FilesBuffer CacheShared PoolServer ProcessClientRedo Log BufferData FilesBuffer CacheShared PoolServer ProcessClient#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .actor{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J text.actor>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .actor-line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .innerArc{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .messageLine0{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J #arrowhead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .sequenceNumber{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J #sequencenumber{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J #crosshead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .messageText{fill:#333;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .labelBox{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .labelText,#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .labelText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .loopText,#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .loopText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .loopLine{stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .noteText,#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .noteText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .activation0{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .activation1{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .activation2{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .actorPopupMenu{position:absolute;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .actorPopupMenuPanel{position:absolute;fill:#ECECFF;box-shadow:0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);filter:drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 \/ 0.4));}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .actor-man line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J .actor-man circle,#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-AU28f0R6GGeGMN0J :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8868\/\u5217\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728CBO\u8bc4\u4f30\u591a\u79cd\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u5f84alt[Soft Parse (\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d)][Hard Parse (\u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u547d\u4e2d)]alt[Buffer Cache Hit][Buffer Cache Miss]\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u6b21Fetch\u76f4\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u53d1\u9001SQL\u8bed\u53e51. \u8bed\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5(Syntax Check)\u8bed\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e2. \u8bed\u4e49\u68c0\u67e5(Semantic Check)\u8bed\u4e49\u6b63\u786e3. \u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5(Permission Check)\u6743\u9650\u901a\u8fc74. \u67e5\u627e\u5171\u4eab\u6c60(Library Cache)\u627e\u5230\u5df2\u6709\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u52125. \u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u5668(Optimizer)6. \u7f13\u5b58\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u52127. \u884c\u6e90\u751f\u6210(Row Source Generation)8. \u6267\u884c(Fetch\u6570\u636e\u5757)\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u8fd4\u56de\u7269\u7406\u8bfb\u53d6\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4ece\u7f13\u5b58\u8fd4\u56de9. \u9010\u884c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6(Fetch)<\/p>\n

              A.2.2 DML (INSERT\/UPDATE\/DELETE) \u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .label text,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .node rect,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .node circle,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .node .label,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-MP9b6xQIU6cVEASt :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7528\u6237\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7528\u6237\u53d1\u51faROLLBACK<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5d29\u6e83<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              DML\u8bed\u53e5\u63d0\u4ea4<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u89e3\u6790 & \u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5757\u5230Buffer Cache<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u751f\u6210UNDO\u8bb0\u5f55(\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u7684\u65e7\u503c)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4fee\u6539Buffer Cache\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757(\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3aDirty Buffer)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u751f\u6210REDO\u8bb0\u5f55\u5199\u5165Redo Log Buffer<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5bf9\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u884c\u52a0\u9501<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7b49\u5f85COMMIT?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              LGWR\u5c06Redo Buffer\u5199\u5165Online Redo Log<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u6210\u529f(\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBWR\u5f02\u6b65\u5c06\u810f\u5757\u5199\u5165Data Files<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4f7f\u7528UNDO\u8bb0\u5f55\u56de\u6eda\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4e8b\u52a1\u56de\u6eda\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SMON\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6062\u590d:\u524d\u6eda(Redo)+\u56de\u6eda(Undo)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \n

              A.3 \u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe<\/h3>\n

              A.3.1 \u903b\u8f91\u5b58\u50a8 vs \u7269\u7406\u5b58\u50a8\u6620\u5c04<\/h4>\n

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              \u7269\u7406\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u903b\u8f91\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5305\u542b<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5305\u542b<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5305\u542b<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Database<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Tablespace: USERS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Tablespace: TEMP<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Tablespace: UNDOTBS1<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Segment: EMPLOYEES Table<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Segment: IDX_EMP_NAME Index<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Segment: Temporary Segment<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Segment: Undo Segment<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Extent 1 (64KB)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Extent 2 (64KB)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Extent 3 (1MB)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Block 1 (8KB)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Block 2 (8KB)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Block N (8KB)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              users01.dbf (500MB)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              temp01.dbf (2GB)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              undotbs01.dbf (2GB)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              control01.ctl<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              redo01.log<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              redo02.log<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              A.3.2 \u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u7528\u9014\u5bf9\u7167<\/h4>\n

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circle,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-9 rect,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-9 path,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-9 circle,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-9 polygon,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-9 path{fill:hsl(180, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-9 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .node-icon-9{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-edge-9{stroke:hsl(180, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .edge-depth-9{stroke-width:-13;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-9 line{stroke:hsl(0, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .disabled,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-10 rect,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-10 path,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-10 circle,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-10 polygon,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-10 path{fill:hsl(210, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-10 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .node-icon-10{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-edge-10{stroke:hsl(210, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .edge-depth-10{stroke-width:-16;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-10 line{stroke:hsl(30, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .disabled,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-root rect,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-root path,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-root circle,#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-root polygon{fill:hsl(240, 100%, 46.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-root text{fill:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-root span{color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .section-2 span{color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .icon-container{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .edge{fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB .mindmap-node-label{dy:1em;alignment-baseline:middle;text-anchor:middle;dominant-baseline:middle;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-HOFy50rSeqD3pFXB :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6c38\u4e45\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4 Permanent<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u8868<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5206\u533a\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              LOB\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4 Temporary<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c ORDER BY<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u54c8\u5e0c\u8fde\u63a5 Hash Join<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5168\u5c40\u4e34\u65f6\u8868<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u6c38\u4e45\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8fd8\u539f\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4 Undo<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4e8b\u52a1\u56de\u6eda<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8bfb\u4e00\u81f4\u6027 CR<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u95ea\u56de\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e00\u4e2aActive Undo<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SYSTEM\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SYS\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4e0d\u53ef\u5220\u9664\/\u79bb\u7ebf<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SYSAUX\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              AWR\/ADDM\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              OEM Express<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8f85\u52a9\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \n

              A.4 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\u673a<\/h3>\n

              A.4.1 \u542f\u52a8\u9636\u6bb5\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .label text,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .node rect,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .node circle,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .node .label,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-UidJt7z6Hfc9siYW :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

              STARTUP NOMOUNT<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ALTER DATABASE MOUNT<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ALTER DATABASE OPEN<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              STARTUP (\u4e00\u6b65\u5230\u4f4d)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              STARTUP<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              STARTUP RESTRICT<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              STARTUP FORCE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              FORCE \u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              = SHUTDOWN ABORT + STARTUP<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              RESTRICTED \u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4ec5RESTRICTED SESSION\u6743\u9650\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              OPEN \u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u2705 \u6253\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u2705 SMON\u6267\u884c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6062\u590d(\u5982\u9700)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u2705 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u5916\u53ef\u7528<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              MOUNT \u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u2705 \u6253\u5f00\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u2705 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\/\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u274c \u672a\u6253\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              🔧 \u53ef\u6267\u884c: \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u542f\u7528\u5f52\u6863\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              NOMOUNT \u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u2705 \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u2705 \u5206\u914dSGA<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u2705 \u542f\u52a8\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u274c \u672a\u6253\u5f00\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5173\u95ed<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              NOMOUNT<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              MOUNT<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              OPEN<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              RESTRICTED<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              FORCE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              A.4.2 \u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .label text,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .node rect,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .node circle,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .node .label,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-dgwPz7X5Xl3UBJ1l :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

              SHUTDOWN ABORT \u26a0\ufe0f\u7d27\u6025<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4e0d\u56de\u6eda\u3001\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u26a0\ufe0f\u4e0b\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u9700\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7981\u6b62\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7981\u6b62\u65b0\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7b49\u5f85\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u65ad\u5f00\u6240\u6709\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u65e0\u9700\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE \u2b50\u63a8\u8350<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7981\u6b62\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u56de\u6eda\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u65ad\u5f00\u6240\u6709\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u65e0\u9700\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SHUTDOWN NORMAL<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7981\u6b62\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u52a8\u65ad\u5f00<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u65e0\u9700\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \n

              A.5 \u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u6280\u672f\u51b3\u7b56\u6811<\/h3>\n

              A.5.1 \u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\u9009\u62e9<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .label text,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .node rect,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .node circle,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .node .label,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-QIY8pK2SKF1bg3yD :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

              \u7269\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7ea7<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u903b\u8f91\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u51fa<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6570\u636e\u5e93OPEN<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6570\u636e\u5e93CLOSED<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u63a8\u8350<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u624b\u52a8<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u9996\u6b21\/\u57fa\u7ebf<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u65e5\u5e38<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5f52\u6863\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5168\u5e93<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8868<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4f20\u8f93\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd\u4ec0\u4e48?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u70ed\u5907\u8fd8\u662f\u51b7\u5907?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Data Pump (expdp)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u70ed\u5907\u4efd(\u5fc5\u987b\u5f52\u6863\u6a21\u5f0f)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u51b7\u5907\u4efd(OS\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u5de5\u5177?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf cp\/scp\/rsync<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              RMAN\u2705 \u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u2705 \u538b\u7f29\u52a0\u5bc6\u2705 \u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u2705 \u5757\u7ea7\u6821\u9a8c<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u5907\u4efd\u26a0\ufe0f BEGIN\/END BACKUP\u26a0\ufe0f \u65e0\u589e\u91cf\u26a0\ufe0f \u6613\u51fa\u9519<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5907\u4efd\u7ea7\u522b?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              LEVEL 0 \u5168\u91cf\u589e\u91cf<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              LEVEL 1 \u589e\u91cf<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              BACKUP ARCHIVELOG<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5bfc\u51fa\u8303\u56f4?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              FULL=Y<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SCHEMAS=hr,scott<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              TABLES=emp,dept<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              A.5.2 \u6545\u969c\u6062\u590d\u51b3\u7b56\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .label text,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .node rect,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .node circle,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .node .label,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-DTPDulzMmLwJeq4b :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

              \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5d29\u6e83\/\u6389\u7535<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u635f\u574f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\/\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u635f\u574f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c(DROP\/DELETE)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DROP TABLE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u9519\u8befUPDATE\/DELETE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5927\u6279\u91cf\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u65e0\u95ea\u56de\u53ef\u7528<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u707e\u96be<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u53d1\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u7c7b\u578b?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5b9e\u4f8b\u6062\u590d(\u81ea\u52a8)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SMON\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c:1. \u524d\u6eda(Redo Applied)2. \u6253\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e933. \u540e\u53f0\u56de\u6eda(Undo)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4ecb\u8d28\u6062\u590d-\u6587\u4ef6\u7ea7<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              RMAN RESTORE DATAFILE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              RMAN RECOVER DATAFILE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE ONLINE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4ecb\u8d28\u6062\u590d-\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ea7<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ALTER TABLESPACE OFFLINE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              RMAN RESTORE TABLESPACE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              RMAN RECOVER TABLESPACE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ALTER TABLESPACE ONLINE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u95ea\u56de\u5220\u9664FLASHBACK TABLE TO BEFORE DROP<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u95ea\u56de\u67e5\u8be2\/\u95ea\u56de\u8868<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u95ea\u56de\u6570\u636e\u5e93(\u9700\u95ea\u56de\u65e5\u5fd7)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u6062\u590d(PITR)RESTORE + RECOVER UNTIL TIME<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5b8c\u5168\u6062\u590d \/ Data Guard\u5207\u6362<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \n

              A.6 \u95ea\u56de\u6280\u672f\u4f53\u7cfb\u5168\u666f<\/h3>\n

              A.6.1 \u95ea\u56de\u6280\u672f\u5206\u5c42\u67b6\u6784<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .label text,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-TWHlkCcvmgMO44z8 :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

              \u5e95\u5c42\u4f9d\u8d56<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c42\u95ea\u56de（DBA\u64cd\u4f5c）<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5bf9\u8c61\u5c42\u95ea\u56de（DBA\u64cd\u4f5c）<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u95ea\u56de（\u65e0\u9700DBA\u4ecb\u5165）<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u95ea\u56de\u67e5\u8be2AS OF TIMESTAMP\/SCN<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u95ea\u56de\u7248\u672c\u67e5\u8be2VERSIONS BETWEEN<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u95ea\u56de\u4e8b\u52a1\u67e5\u8be2FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u95ea\u56de\u8868FLASHBACK TABLE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u95ea\u56de\u5220\u9664FLASHBACK TABLE TO BEFORE DROP<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u95ea\u56de\u6570\u636e\u5e93FLASHBACK DATABASE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u95ea\u56de\u6570\u636e\u5f52\u6863Flashback Data Archive<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              UNDO Tablespace(\u4fdd\u7559\u65f6\u95f4: UNDO_RETENTION)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Recycle Bin(\u56de\u6536\u7ad9)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Flashback Logs(Fast Recovery Area)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              FDA Tablespace(\u72ec\u7acb\u5386\u53f2\u5b58\u50a8)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              A.6.2 \u95ea\u56de\u6280\u672f\u9009\u578b\u77e9\u9635<\/h4>\n\n\u95ea\u56de\u6280\u672f\u6062\u590d\u7c92\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ec4\u4ef6\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u6062\u590d\u901f\u5ea6\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u98ce\u9669<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \u95ea\u56de\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\n\u884c\u7ea7(\u53ea\u8bfb)<\/td>\nUNDO<\/td>\nUNDO_RETENTION\u8db3\u591f<\/td>\n\u26a1 \u79d2\u7ea7<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5dee\u5f02<\/td>\n\u65e0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u95ea\u56de\u7248\u672c\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\n\u884c\u7ea7(\u53ea\u8bfb)<\/td>\nUNDO<\/td>\n\u540c\u4e0a<\/td>\n\u26a1 \u79d2\u7ea7<\/td>\n\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3001\u53d8\u66f4\u5206\u6790<\/td>\n\u65e0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u95ea\u56de\u4e8b\u52a1\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\n\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ea7(\u53ea\u8bfb)<\/td>\nUNDO + Supplemental Log<\/td>\n\u8865\u5145\u65e5\u5fd7\u5df2\u5f00\u542f<\/td>\n\u26a1 \u79d2\u7ea7<\/td>\n\u83b7\u53d6\u53cd\u5411SQL\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/td>\n\u65e0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u95ea\u56de\u8868<\/td>\n\u8868\u7ea7(\u8bfb\u5199)<\/td>\nUNDO + Row Movement<\/td>\nENABLE ROW MOVEMENT<\/td>\n\u26a1 \u79d2~\u5206\u949f<\/td>\n\u6062\u590d\u8befUPDATE\/DELETE<\/td>\nUNDO\u8fc7\u671f\u5219\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u95ea\u56de\u5220\u9664<\/td>\n\u8868\u7ea7(\u8bfb\u5199)<\/td>\nRecycle Bin<\/td>\n\u975eSYSTEM\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n\u26a1 \u79d2\u7ea7<\/td>\n\u6062\u590d\u8befDROP TABLE<\/td>\nPURGE\u540e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6062\u590d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u95ea\u56de\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ea7<\/td>\nFlashback Logs<\/td>\nARCHIVELOG + FLASHBACK ON<\/td>\n🔶 \u5206\u949f~\u5c0f\u65f6<\/td>\n\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u91cd\u7f6e<\/td>\n\u8d85\u51fa\u4fdd\u7559\u671f\u5219\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u95ea\u56de\u6570\u636e\u5f52\u6863<\/td>\n\u8868\u7ea7(\u957f\u671f)<\/td>\nFDA Tablespace<\/td>\n\u521b\u5efaFDA\u5e76\u5173\u8054\u8868<\/td>\n\u26a1 \u79d2\u7ea7<\/td>\n\u5408\u89c4\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3001\u957f\u671f\u5386\u53f2\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\n\u65e0(\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u50a8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
              \n

              A.7 \u591a\u79df\u6237\u67b6\u6784\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n

              A.7.1 CDB\/PDB \u67b6\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\u56fe<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .label text,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .node rect,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .node circle,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .node .label,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-ltVew6mExAC5MXsp :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

              \u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90 (\u6240\u6709PDB\u5171\u7528)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              CDB (Container Database)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              PDB3 (Testing)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              PDB2 (Development)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              PDB1 (Production)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u514b\u9686\u6a21\u677f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u514b\u9686\u6a21\u677f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u514b\u9686\u6a21\u677f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              CDB$ROOT\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2022 Oracle\u5143\u6570\u636e\u2022 \u516c\u5171\u7528\u6237(C##)\u2022 \u516c\u5171\u89d2\u8272\u2022 \u7cfb\u7edf\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              PDB$SEED\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2022 \u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u677f\u2022 \u521b\u5efa\u65b0PDB\u7684\u6e90\u2022 \u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237: APP_USER<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5e94\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61: \u8868\/\u89c6\u56fe\/\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u672c\u5730\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5f00\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237: DEV_USER<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5f00\u53d1\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u672c\u5730\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237: TEST_USER<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6d4b\u8bd5\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u672c\u5730\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SGA (\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u6c60)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b (DBWR\/LGWR\/SMON…)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Control Files<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Online Redo Logs<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SPFILE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Fast Recovery Area<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              A.7.2 PDB \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u8f6c<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g defs #statediagram-barbEnd{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g g.stateGroup text{fill:#9370DB;stroke:none;font-size:10px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g g.stateGroup text{fill:#333;stroke:none;font-size:10px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g g.stateGroup .state-title{font-weight:bolder;fill:#131300;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g g.stateGroup rect{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g g.stateGroup line{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:1;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .transition{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:1;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .stateGroup .composit{fill:white;border-bottom:1px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .stateGroup .alt-composit{fill:#e0e0e0;border-bottom:1px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .state-note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .state-note text{fill:black;stroke:none;font-size:10px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .stateLabel .box{stroke:none;stroke-width:0;fill:#ECECFF;opacity:0.5;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edgeLabel .label rect{fill:#ECECFF;opacity:0.5;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .edgeLabel .label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .label div .edgeLabel{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .stateLabel text{fill:#131300;font-size:10px;font-weight:bold;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .node circle.state-start{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .node .fork-join{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .node circle.state-end{fill:#9370DB;stroke:white;stroke-width:1.5;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .end-state-inner{fill:white;stroke-width:1.5;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .node rect{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .node polygon{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g #statediagram-barbEnd{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-cluster rect{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .cluster-label,#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .nodeLabel{color:#131300;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-cluster rect.outer{rx:5px;ry:5px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-state .divider{stroke:#9370DB;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-state .title-state{rx:5px;ry:5px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster .inner{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster-alt .inner{fill:#f0f0f0;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-cluster .inner{rx:0;ry:0;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-state rect.basic{rx:5px;ry:5px;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-state rect.divider{stroke-dasharray:10,10;fill:#f0f0f0;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .note-edge{stroke-dasharray:5;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-note rect{fill:#fff5ad;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;rx:0;ry:0;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-note rect{fill:#fff5ad;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;rx:0;ry:0;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-note text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram-note .nodeLabel{color:black;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagram .edgeLabel{color:red;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g #dependencyStart,#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g #dependencyEnd{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;stroke-width:1;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g .statediagramTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-agubpvC7NwO5Fv9g :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

              CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u521b\u5efa\u540e\u9ed8\u8ba4CLOSED<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              CLOSE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              UNPLUG INTO 'xml_path'<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE … USING 'xml_path'<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE … INCLUDING DATAFILES<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u4f5c\u4e3a\u514b\u9686\u6e90<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u514b\u9686\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE … INCLUDING DATAFILES<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE … OPEN<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE … CLOSE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              OPEN READ ONLY<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              OPEN READ WRITE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SAVE STATE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              CREATED<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              CLOSED<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              OPEN<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              OPEN RESTRICT<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              OPEN<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Normal<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Restricted<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              READ_ONLY<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              UNPLUGGED<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DELETED<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              CLONED_SOURCE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              SAVED_STATE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              CDB\u91cd\u542f\u540ePDB\u81ea\u52a8\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              A.7.3 CDB vs \u4f20\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n\n\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4f20\u7edf\u67b6\u6784 (Non-CDB)\u591a\u79df\u6237\u67b6\u6784 (CDB\/PDB)<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u91cf<\/td>\n1\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b = 1\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/td>\n1\u4e2aCDB = N\u4e2aPDB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u72ec\u7acbSGA<\/td>\n\u6240\u6709PDB\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2aSGA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u96c6<\/td>\n\u6240\u6709PDB\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u7ec4\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u8865\u4e01\u5347\u7ea7<\/td>\n\u9010\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6253\u8865\u4e01<\/td>\nCDB\u7ea7\u522b\u4e00\u6b21\u6253\u8865\u4e01，\u6240\u6709PDB\u751f\u6548<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb<\/td>\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u9694\u79bb<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ea7Resource Manager<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5355\u72ec\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n\u53ef\u7edf\u4e00\u5907\u4efd\u6216\u6309PDB\u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u514b\u9686\/\u4f9b\u7ed9<\/td>\n\u8017\u65f6(\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6+\u914d\u7f6e)<\/td>\n\u79d2\u7ea7(PDB Clone)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u7528\u6237\u4f53\u7cfb<\/td>\n\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/td>\n\u516c\u5171\u7528\u6237C##\u524d\u7f00 + \u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nPDB\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u65e7\u7248\u672c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u8bb8\u53ef<\/td>\n\u6309\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8ba1\u8d39<\/td>\n19c\u8d77\u6700\u591a3\u4e2aPDB\u514d\u8d39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
              \n

              A.8 PL\/SQL \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5355\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe<\/h3>\n

              A.8.1 PL\/SQL \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5355\u5143\u5c42\u6b21<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .label text,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .node rect,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .node circle,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .node .label,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-Nxj0ZBZCMRk8WSOw :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

              \u72ec\u7acb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5355\u5143<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Package (\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u79c1\u6709\u7ec4\u4ef6 (\u4ec5\u5305\u5185\u53ef\u89c1)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u516c\u5171\u7ec4\u4ef6 (\u5bf9\u5916\u53ef\u89c1)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Package Specification(\u5305\u89c4\u8303 – \u516c\u5171\u63a5\u53e3)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Package Body(\u5305\u4f53 – \u79c1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Public Procedure<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Public Function<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Public Type\/Record<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Public Constant<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Public Cursor<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Private Procedure<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Private Function<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Private Variable<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Standalone Procedure<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Standalone Function<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Trigger<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Anonymous Block<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              A.8.2 \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .label text,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-1zfG4CMKAfFu6IF7 :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u662f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u662f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5426<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u662f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5426<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5426<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u662f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u662f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5426<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u662f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5426<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5426<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u662f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5426<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5185\u90e8\u5757\u6709EXCEPTION?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5339\u914d\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u5f02\u5e38?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6267\u884c\u5185\u90e8\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6709WHEN OTHERS?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6267\u884cWHEN OTHERS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5411\u5916\u90e8\u5757\u4f20\u64ad \u2191<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5411\u5916\u90e8\u5757\u4f20\u64ad \u2191<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5916\u90e8\u5757\u6709EXCEPTION?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5339\u914d\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u5f02\u5e38?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6267\u884c\u5916\u90e8\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6709WHEN OTHERS?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6267\u884cWHEN OTHERS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u4e0a\u4f20\u64ad \u2191<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u4e0a\u4f20\u64ad \u2191<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u5230\u8fbe\u6700\u5916\u5c42?<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u274c \u672a\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u65b9<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u66f4\u5916\u5c42\u4f20\u64ad…<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u2705 \u5f02\u5e38\u5df2\u5904\u7406\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \n

              A.9 \u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u67b6\u6784<\/h3>\n

              A.9.1 Oracle Net Services \u8fde\u63a5\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

              Database InstanceListener (1521)DNS\/TNSNames\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefDatabase InstanceListener (1521)DNS\/TNSNames\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .actor{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa text.actor>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .actor-line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .innerArc{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .messageLine0{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa #arrowhead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .sequenceNumber{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa #sequencenumber{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa #crosshead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .messageText{fill:#333;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .labelBox{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .labelText,#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .labelText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .loopText,#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .loopText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .loopLine{stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .noteText,#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .noteText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .activation0{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .activation1{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .activation2{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .actorPopupMenu{position:absolute;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .actorPopupMenuPanel{position:absolute;fill:#ECECFF;box-shadow:0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);filter:drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 \/ 0.4));}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .actor-man line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa .actor-man circle,#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-veC9UedKphVxecMa :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}\u5305\u542bSERVICE_NAME\/SIDPMON\u6bcf60\u79d2\u6ce8\u518c\u670d\u52a1SID_LIST_LISTENER\u914d\u7f6ealt[\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u518c (PMON)][\u9759\u6001\u6ce8\u518c(listener.ora)]alt[Dedicated Server][Shared Server]loop[\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92]1. \u89e3\u6790\u670d\u52a1\u540d \u2192 HOST:PORT192.168.1.100:15212. \u53d1\u9001\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42(TNS Connect Packet)3. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u6ce8\u518c4. \u6d3e\u751f\/\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0bFork\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b5a. \u76f4\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u653e\u5165\u5171\u4eab\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u961f\u52175b. \u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u5206\u914d\u8fde\u63a56. \u8ba4\u8bc1(\u7528\u6237\u540d\/\u5bc6\u7801)7. \u8ba4\u8bc1\u6210\u529f，\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5efa\u7acbSQL\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5PMON\u6e05\u7406\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n

              A.9.2 \u76d1\u542c\u5668\u6ce8\u518c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n

              #mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .label text,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .node rect,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .node circle,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .node .label,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-JI3X5HVmWy0LZsmt :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

              \u9759\u6001\u6ce8\u518c<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8bfb\u53d6<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              listener.oraSID_LIST_LISTENER<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Listener<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u2705 \u5b9e\u4f8b\u672a\u542f\u52a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u6ce8\u518c\u2705 \u9002\u7528\u4e8eOEM\/RMAN\u8fde\u63a5\u2705 \u53ef\u6ce8\u518c\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u26a0\ufe0f \u9700\u624b\u52a8\u7ef4\u62a4\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u518c (\u63a8\u8350)<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6bcf60\u79d2<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6ce8\u518c\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              PMON\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              Listener<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u2705 \u81ea\u52a8\u7ef4\u62a4\u2705 SERVICE_NAMES\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u2705 \u652f\u6301RAC\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u26a0\ufe0f \u5b9e\u4f8bMOUNT\u540e\u624d\u6ce8\u518c<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              \n

              A.10 \u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/h3>\n

              A.10.1 \u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n\n\u53c2\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u8bf4\u660e\u4fee\u6539\u65b9\u5f0f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              MEMORY_TARGET<\/td>\n0<\/td>\nAMM\u603b\u5185\u5b58\u76ee\u6807(\u542bSGA+PGA)<\/td>\nSCOPE=SPFILE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              SGA_TARGET<\/td>\n0<\/td>\nASMM SGA\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u76ee\u6807<\/td>\nBOTH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET<\/td>\n0<\/td>\nPGA\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u76ee\u6807<\/td>\nBOTH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              DB_CACHE_SIZE<\/td>\n0<\/td>\nBuffer Cache\u5927\u5c0f(ASMM\u4e0b\u4e3a\u6700\u5c0f\u503c)<\/td>\nBOTH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              SHARED_POOL_SIZE<\/td>\n0<\/td>\nShared Pool\u5927\u5c0f(ASMM\u4e0b\u4e3a\u6700\u5c0f\u503c)<\/td>\nBOTH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              LARGE_POOL_SIZE<\/td>\n0<\/td>\nLarge Pool\u5927\u5c0f<\/td>\nBOTH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              JAVA_POOL_SIZE<\/td>\n0<\/td>\nJava Pool\u5927\u5c0f<\/td>\nBOTH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              STREAMS_POOL_SIZE<\/td>\n0<\/td>\nStreams Pool\u5927\u5c0f<\/td>\nBOTH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              LOG_BUFFER<\/td>\n\u5e73\u53f0\u76f8\u5173<\/td>\nRedo Log Buffer\u5927\u5c0f<\/td>\nSPFILE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              SORT_AREA_SIZE<\/td>\n64KB<\/td>\nPGA\u6392\u5e8f\u533a(\u624b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f)<\/td>\nSESSION<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              HASH_AREA_SIZE<\/td>\n2\u00d7SORT<\/td>\nPGA\u54c8\u5e0c\u533a(\u624b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f)<\/td>\nSESSION<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              A.10.2 \u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n\n\u53c2\u6570\u63a8\u8350\u503c\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              AUDIT_TRAIL<\/td>\nDB,EXTENDED<\/td>\n\u7edf\u4e00\u5ba1\u8ba1(19c\u63a8\u8350UNIFIED)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON<\/td>\nTRUE<\/td>\n\u5bc6\u7801\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              SEC_MAX_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n\u6700\u5927\u5931\u8d25\u767b\u5f55\u6b21\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n\u5bc6\u7801\u6709\u6548\u671f(\u5929)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n\u8d26\u6237\u9501\u5b9a\u524d\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u8d26\u6237\u9501\u5b9a\u65f6\u957f(\u5929)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX<\/td>\n\u201c\u201d<\/td>\nOS\u8ba4\u8bc1\u524d\u7f00(\u5efa\u8bae\u7f6e\u7a7a\u7981\u7528)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT<\/td>\nFALSE<\/td>\n\u7981\u6b62\u8fdc\u7a0bOS\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              SQL92_SECURITY<\/td>\nTRUE<\/td>\nUPDATE\/DELETE\u9700SELECT\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              A.10.3 \u95ea\u56de\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n\n\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\u5178\u578b\u503c<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              UNDO_RETENTION<\/td>\nUNDO\u4fdd\u7559\u65f6\u95f4(\u79d2)<\/td>\n900~3600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              DB_FLASHBACK_RETENTION_TARGET<\/td>\n\u95ea\u56de\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fdd\u7559\u65f6\u95f4(\u5206\u949f)<\/td>\n1440(1\u5929)~4320(3\u5929)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST<\/td>\nFRA\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\n\/u01\/fra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE<\/td>\nFRA\u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236<\/td>\n10G~50G<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              RECYCLEBIN<\/td>\n\u56de\u6536\u7ad9\u5f00\u5173<\/td>\nON<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              ENABLE_PLUGGABLE_DATABASE<\/td>\n\u542f\u7528\u591a\u79df\u6237<\/td>\nTRUE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
              \n

              A.11 \u5e38\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u89c6\u56fe\u901f\u67e5<\/h3>\n

              A.11.1 \u6838\u5fc3\u89c6\u56fe\u5206\u7c7b<\/h4>\n

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ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u89c6\u56fe<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              USER_\u7cfb\u5217<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              USER_TABLES<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              USER_INDEXES<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              USER_VIEWS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              USER_SEQUENCES<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              USER_OBJECTS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              USER_TAB_COLUMNS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              USER_CONSTRAINTS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              USER_SOURCE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              USER_TRIGGERS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ALL_\u7cfb\u5217<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ALL_TABLES<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ALL_OBJECTS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ALL_TAB_PRIVS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ALL_SOURCE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              ALL_VIEWS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBA_\u7cfb\u5217<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBA_TABLES<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBA_USERS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBA_TABLESPACES<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBA_DATA_FILES<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBA_SEGMENTS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBA_ROLES<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBA_SYS_PRIVS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBA_TAB_PRIVS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              DBA_PROFILES<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$_\u52a8\u6001\u89c6\u56fe<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$SESSION<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$SQL<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$LOCK<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$PARAMETER<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$SGA<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$DATABASE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$CONTROLFILE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$LOG<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$ARCHIVED_LOG<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$PROCESS<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$WAITSTAT<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              GV$_\u96c6\u7fa4\u89c6\u56fe<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              GV$SESSION<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              GV$SQL<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              GV$INSTANCE<\/p>\n

              <\/span><\/p>\n

              A.11.2 DBA\u9ad8\u9891\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/h4>\n\n\u67e5\u8be2\u76ee\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u7387<\/td>\nSELECT tablespace_name, ROUND(used_percent,2) FROM DBA_TABLESPACE_USAGE_METRICS ORDER BY used_percent DESC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u67e5\u770b\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/td>\nSELECT sid, serial#, username, program, sql_id, event FROM V$SESSION WHERE status='ACTIVE' AND type!='BACKGROUND'<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u67e5\u770bTop SQL<\/td>\nSELECT sql_id, elapsed_time\/1e6 sec, executions, sql_text FROM V$SQL ORDER BY elapsed_time DESC FETCH FIRST 10 ROWS ONLY<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u67e5\u770b\u9501\u7b49\u5f85<\/td>\nSELECT s.sid, s.username, l.type, l.lmode, l.request FROM V$LOCK l JOIN V$SESSION s ON l.sid=s.sid WHERE l.request>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6IO<\/td>\nSELECT file_name, phyrds, phywrts, readtim, writetim FROM V$FILESTAT f JOIN DBA_DATA_FILES d ON f.file#=d.file_id ORDER BY readtim DESC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650<\/td>\nSELECT * FROM DBA_SYS_PRIVS WHERE grantee='&user' UNION ALL SELECT * FROM DBA_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE grantee='&user'<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u67e5\u770b\u65e0\u6548\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\nSELECT owner, object_name, object_type FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE status='INVALID'<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u67e5\u770b\u5f52\u6863\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td>\nSELECT sequence#, name, first_time, next_time, applied FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY sequence# DESC FETCH FIRST 20 ROWS ONLY<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u67e5\u770bAWR\u5feb\u7167<\/td>\nSELECT snap_id, begin_interval_time, end_interval_time FROM DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT ORDER BY snap_id DESC FETCH FIRST 10 ROWS ONLY<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u67e5\u770bPDB\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\nSELECT con_id, name, open_mode, restricted, save_state FROM V$CONTAINERS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
              \n

              📎 \u9644\u5f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5efa\u8bae：<\/p>\n

            • \u5b66\u4e60\u9636\u6bb5：\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u6b63\u6587\u5bf9\u5e94\u7ae0\u8282，\u518d\u67e5\u770b\u9644\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3<\/li>\n
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              \n1.1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":92450,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[604,100],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-92451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-oracle","tag-100"],"yoast_head":"\n\u4e07\u5b57\u4e66\u7c4d\u901f\u901a\u4e4b\u300aOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u7528\u6559\u7a0b(19C)\u300b - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/92451.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u4e07\u5b57\u4e66\u7c4d\u901f\u901a\u4e4b\u300aOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u7528\u6559\u7a0b(19C)\u300b - 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