\n| -32000 ~ -32099<\/td>\n | Server error（\u4fdd\u7559\u6bb5）<\/td>\n | Server \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9519\u8bef（MCP \u9884\u7559）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u8e29\u5751\u8bb0\u5f55：\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，-32602（Invalid params）\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u901a\u5e38\u662f LLM \u751f\u6210\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e JSON Schema \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982 Schema \u8981\u6c42 integer，LLM \u4f20\u4e86 "5"（\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32）\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728 Server \u7aef\u505a\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u56db\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1：stdio \/ SSE \/ Streamable HTTP<\/h3>\nMCP \u534f\u8bae\u5c06\u300c\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f\u300d\u89e3\u8026，\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n 4.1 stdio：\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1<\/h4>\nClient \u542f\u52a8 Server \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u901a\u8fc7 stdin \u5199\u5165\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u901a\u8fc7 stdout \u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94，\u6d88\u606f\u4ee5\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002<\/p>\n Client Server (\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b)
\n \u2502 \u2502
\n \u2502\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 stdin (JSON-RPC) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba\u2502
\n \u2502 \u2502
\n \u2502\u25c4\u2500\u2500\u2500 stdout (JSON-RPC) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2502
\n \u2502 \u2502 <\/p>\n \u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b（Claude Desktop \u7684 mcp-servers-config.json）：<\/p>\n {
\n "mcpServers": {
\n "filesystem": {
\n "command": "npx",
\n "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol\/server-filesystem", "\/path\/to\/dir"]
\n },
\n "code-review": {
\n "command": "java",
\n "args": ["-jar", "\/opt\/mcp-servers\/code-review-server.jar"],
\n "env": {
\n "JAVA_OPTS": "-Xmx512m"
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9：\u96f6\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u9500\u3001\u5929\u7136\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u65e0\u9700\u7aef\u53e3\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9：\u65e0\u6cd5\u8de8\u673a\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u591a Client \u5171\u4eab\u3001Server \u5d29\u6e83\u9700\u8981 Client \u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n \u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f：Claude Desktop \u7b49\u672c\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u8fc7 command: npx \u542f\u52a8\u672c\u5730 MCP Server\u3002<\/p>\n \u8e29\u5751\u8bb0\u5f55：stdio \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b，Server \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 stderr \u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u88ab Host \u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c Server \u5728 stderr \u4e2d\u8f93\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f，\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd Host \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 Server \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u72ec\u7acb\u6587\u4ef6，\u800c\u975e stderr\u3002<\/p>\n 4.2 SSE：HTTP \u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u6d41\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93<\/h4>\nServer \u4f5c\u4e3a HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u3002Client \u5148\u901a\u8fc7 GET \u8bf7\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb SSE \u957f\u8fde\u63a5，\u518d\u901a\u8fc7 POST \u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001 JSON-RPC \u6d88\u606f，\u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7 SSE \u6d41\u63a8\u9001\u56de\u6765：<\/p>\n Client Server (HTTP \u670d\u52a1)
\n \u2502 \u2502
\n \u2502\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 GET \/sse \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba\u2502
\n \u2502\u25c4\u2500\u2500\u2500 SSE: event: endpoint \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2502 \u2190 \u8fd4\u56de\u6d88\u606f\u7aef\u70b9\u5730\u5740
\n \u2502\u25c4\u2500\u2500\u2500 SSE: data: \/messages \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2502
\n \u2502 \u2502
\n \u2502\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 POST \/messages \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba\u2502 \u2190 \u53d1\u9001 JSON-RPC \u8bf7\u6c42
\n \u2502\u25c4\u2500\u2500\u2500 SSE: data: response \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2502 \u2190 \u901a\u8fc7 SSE \u6d41\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94 <\/p>\n Nginx \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e（\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5fc5\u505a）：<\/p>\n location \/mcp\/ {
\n proxy_pass http:\/\/mcp-backend;
\n proxy_http_version 1.1;<\/p>\n # \u5173\u952e：\u5173\u95ed\u5206\u5757\u4f20\u8f93\u7f16\u7801，SSE \u4e0d\u9700\u8981
\n chunked_transfer_encoding off;<\/p>\n # \u5173\u952e：\u6e05\u9664 Connection \u5934，\u4fdd\u6301\u957f\u8fde\u63a5
\n proxy_set_header Connection '';<\/p>\n # \u5173\u952e：\u5c06\u8d85\u65f6\u8c03\u5927\u5230 3600 \u79d2\u4ee5\u4e0a
\n # Nginx \u9ed8\u8ba4 60 \u79d2\u8d85\u65f6\u65ad\u5f00，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 SSE \u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u9891\u7e41\u4e2d\u65ad
\n proxy_read_timeout 3600s;
\n proxy_send_timeout 3600s;<\/p>\n # \u7f13\u51b2\u8bbe\u7f6e：\u5173\u95ed\u4ee3\u7406\u7f13\u51b2，\u786e\u4fdd\u5b9e\u65f6\u63a8\u9001
\n proxy_buffering off;
\n proxy_cache off;<\/p>\n # \u6807\u51c6\u4ee3\u7406\u5934
\n proxy_set_header Host $host;
\n proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
\n proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
\n} <\/p>\n \u8e29\u5751\u8bb0\u5f55：SSE \u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u5728 Nginx \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0b\u9ed8\u8ba4 60 \u79d2\u8d85\u65f6\u65ad\u5f00，\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6545\u969c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u8c03\u7528\u5076\u5c14\u8d85\u65f6\u3001Client \u9891\u7e41\u91cd\u8fde\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5c06 proxy_read_timeout \u8c03\u5927\u5230 3600 \u79d2\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5173\u95ed proxy_buffering，\u5426\u5219 Nginx \u4f1a\u7f13\u51b2 SSE \u4e8b\u4ef6，\u5bfc\u81f4 Client \u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u5b9e\u65f6\u63a8\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n 4.3 Streamable HTTP：\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\nMCP \u534f\u8bae\u5728 2025 \u5e74\u521d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 Streamable HTTP \u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f，\u4f5c\u4e3a SSE \u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u901a\u4fe1\u7edf\u4e00\u5230\u6807\u51c6 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\/\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d，\u652f\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6309\u9700\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a SSE \u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n \u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u8def：<\/p>\n Client \u5411 Server \u7684\u5355\u4e00\u7aef\u70b9（\u5982 \/mcp）\u53d1\u9001 POST \u8bf7\u6c42，\u643a\u5e26 JSON-RPC \u6d88\u606f<\/li>\nServer \u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8fd4\u56de\u666e\u901a JSON \u54cd\u5e94（\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f）<\/li>\n\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7 Content-Type: text\/event-stream \u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a SSE \u6d41（\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u6d41\u5f0f\u63a8\u9001\u7684\u573a\u666f）<\/li>\n\u65e0\u9700\u9884\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u957f\u8fde\u63a5，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u50cf\u4f20\u7edf SSE \u90a3\u6837\u5148 GET \u518d POST<\/li>\n\u8bf7\u6c42\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n POST \/mcp HTTP\/1.1
\nHost: mcp-server.example.com
\nContent-Type: application\/json
\nAccept: application\/json, text\/event-stream<\/p>\n {
\n "jsonrpc": "2.0",
\n "id": "req-1",
\n "method": "tools\/call",
\n "params": {
\n "name": "searchDocs",
\n "arguments": { "query": "MCP \u534f\u8bae" }
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n \u666e\u901a\u54cd\u5e94（\u7b80\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de）：<\/p>\n HTTP\/1.1 200 OK
\nContent-Type: application\/json<\/p>\n {
\n "jsonrpc": "2.0",
\n "id": "req-1",
\n "result": { "content": […] }
\n} <\/p>\n \u6d41\u5f0f\u54cd\u5e94（\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u51b3\u5b9a\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a SSE）：<\/p>\n HTTP\/1.1 200 OK
\nContent-Type: text\/event-stream<\/p>\n event: message
\ndata: {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"notifications\/progress","params":{"progress":0.5}}<\/p>\n event: message
\ndata: {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"req-1","result":{"content":[…]}} <\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9：\u65e0\u9700\u7ef4\u62a4\u957f\u8fde\u63a5，\u5bf9\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u66f4\u53cb\u597d（Nginx\u3001CDN\u3001API \u7f51\u5173\u65e0\u9700\u7279\u6b8a\u914d\u7f6e）；\u652f\u6301\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u90e8\u7f72（Server \u53ef\u4ee5\u6a2a\u5411\u6269\u5c55）；\u517c\u5bb9\u73b0\u6709\u7684 HTTP \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6（\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u9650\u6d41\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7）\u3002<\/p>\n Spring AI Streamable HTTP \u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n # Server \u7aef
\nspring:
\n ai:
\n mcp:
\n server:
\n enabled: true
\n name: my-mcp-server
\n version: 1.0.0
\n type: SYNC<\/p>\n # Client \u7aef
\nspring:
\n ai:
\n mcp:
\n client:
\n enabled: true
\n streamable-http:
\n connections:
\n my-server:
\n url: http:\/\/mcp-server:8091
\n endpoint: \/mcp
\n timeout: 30000 <\/p>\n Session \u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236：Streamable HTTP \u5f15\u5165\u4e86 Session \u6982\u5ff5\u3002Server \u5728\u9996\u6b21\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7 Mcp-Session-Id \u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u8fd4\u56de\u4f1a\u8bdd ID，Client \u540e\u7eed\u8bf7\u6c42\u9700\u643a\u5e26\u8be5 ID：<\/p>\n # \u9996\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42（\u65e0 Session）
\nPOST \/mcp HTTP\/1.1
\nContent-Type: application\/json
\n{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"1","method":"initialize",…}<\/p>\n # Server \u54cd\u5e94（\u5206\u914d Session）
\nHTTP\/1.1 200 OK
\nMcp-Session-Id: sess_abc123
\nContent-Type: application\/json
\n{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"1","result":{…}}<\/p>\n # \u540e\u7eed\u8bf7\u6c42（\u643a\u5e26 Session）
\nPOST \/mcp HTTP\/1.1
\nMcp-Session-Id: sess_abc123
\nContent-Type: application\/json
\n{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"2","method":"tools\/list",…} <\/p>\n \u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u5f97 Server \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u4f1a\u8bdd\u72b6\u6001，\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u90e8\u7f72（\u6b64\u65f6 Session ID \u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u8def\u7531）\u3002<\/p>\n 4.4 \u4e09\u79cd\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n\n\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5f0f\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406<\/tr>\n \n\n| stdio<\/td>\n | \u672c\u5730\u7ba1\u9053<\/td>\n | \u672c\u5730 CLI \u5de5\u5177\u3001IDE \u63d2\u4ef6<\/td>\n | \u65e0\u6cd5\u8de8\u673a\u5668，\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u591a Client<\/td>\n | Host \u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| SSE<\/td>\n | HTTP \u957f\u8fde\u63a5<\/td>\n | \u8fdc\u7a0b Web \u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5fae\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\n | \u9700\u914d\u7f6e Nginx \u8d85\u65f6，\u7ef4\u62a4\u957f\u8fde\u63a5<\/td>\n | Client \u7ef4\u62a4\u91cd\u8fde\u903b\u8f91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Streamable HTTP<\/td>\n | \u6807\u51c6 HTTP（\u53ef\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u6d41）<\/td>\n | \u63a8\u8350\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n | \u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u53cb\u597d，\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u517c\u5bb9\u597d<\/td>\n | \u65e0\u9700\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u9009\u578b\u5efa\u8bae：\u672c\u5730\u5f00\u53d1\u8c03\u8bd5\u7528 stdio，\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9 Streamable HTTP\u3002\u5982\u679c Client SDK \u5c1a\u672a\u652f\u6301 Streamable HTTP，\u9000\u800c\u9009\u62e9 SSE，\u4f46\u52a1\u5fc5\u505a\u597d Nginx \u8d85\u65f6\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5fc3\u8df3\u4fdd\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e94\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f：\u4ece\u63e1\u624b\u5230\u8c03\u7528<\/h3>\nClient \u4e0e Server \u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u540e，\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u63e1\u624b，\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n 5.1 \u9636\u6bb5\u4e00：\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u63e1\u624b<\/h4>\n\u63e1\u624b\u662f Client \u548c Server \u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002Client \u53d1\u9001 initialize \u8bf7\u6c42，\u643a\u5e26\u81ea\u8eab\u652f\u6301\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u548c\u80fd\u529b：<\/p>\n \/\/ Client \u2192 Server：initialize \u8bf7\u6c42
\n{
\n "jsonrpc": "2.0",
\n "id": "init-1",
\n "method": "initialize",
\n "params": {
\n "protocolVersion": "2025-03-26",
\n "capabilities": {
\n "tools": {},
\n "resources": { "subscribe": true }
\n },
\n "clientInfo": {
\n "name": "my-agent",
\n "version": "1.0.0"
\n }
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n Server \u8fd4\u56de initialize \u54cd\u5e94，\u786e\u8ba4\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u3001\u58f0\u660e\u81ea\u8eab\u80fd\u529b：<\/p>\n \/\/ Server \u2192 Client：initialize \u54cd\u5e94
\n{
\n "jsonrpc": "2.0",
\n "id": "init-1",
\n "result": {
\n "protocolVersion": "2025-03-26",
\n "capabilities": {
\n "tools": { "listChanged": true },
\n "resources": {},
\n "prompts": {}
\n },
\n "serverInfo": {
\n "name": "code-review-server",
\n "version": "1.0.0"
\n }
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n \u968f\u540e，Client \u53d1\u9001 initialized \u901a\u77e5，\u786e\u8ba4\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6210：<\/p>\n \/\/ Client \u2192 Server：initialized \u901a\u77e5（\u65e0\u9700\u54cd\u5e94）
\n{
\n "jsonrpc": "2.0",
\n "method": "notifications\/initialized"
\n} <\/p>\n \u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u534f\u5546\u89c4\u5219：protocolVersion \u91c7\u7528\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f（\u5982 "2025-03-26"）\u3002\u5982\u679c Client \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7248\u672c Server \u4e0d\u652f\u6301，Server \u5e94\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef，Client \u964d\u7ea7\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u53d6\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u517c\u5bb9\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n 5.2 \u9636\u6bb5\u4e8c：\u80fd\u529b\u534f\u5546<\/h4>\n\u80fd\u529b\u534f\u5546\u662f MCP \u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u63e1\u624b\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684 capabilities \u5b57\u6bb5\u662f Server \u7684"\u80fd\u529b\u6e05\u5355"：<\/p>\n \n\u80fd\u529b\u58f0\u660e\u542b\u4e49Client \u884c\u4e3a<\/tr>\n \n\n| tools: {}<\/td>\n | Server \u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/td>\n | Client \u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 tools\/list \u548c tools\/call<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| tools.listChanged: true<\/td>\n | \u5de5\u5177\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316<\/td>\n | Client \u76d1\u542c notifications\/tools\/list_changed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| resources: {}<\/td>\n | Server \u63d0\u4f9b\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u6e90<\/td>\n | Client \u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 resources\/list \u548c resources\/read<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| resources.subscribe: true<\/td>\n | \u652f\u6301\u8d44\u6e90\u53d8\u5316\u8ba2\u9605<\/td>\n | Client \u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 resources\/subscribe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| prompts: {}<\/td>\n | \u63d0\u4f9b\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49 Prompt \u6a21\u677f<\/td>\n | Client \u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 prompts\/list \u548c prompts\/get<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| prompts.listChanged: true<\/td>\n | Prompt \u5217\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316<\/td>\n | Client \u76d1\u542c notifications\/prompts\/list_changed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Client \u6839\u636e Server \u7684\u80fd\u529b\u58f0\u660e\u51b3\u5b9a\u540e\u7eed\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c Server \u4e0d\u58f0\u660e resources，Client \u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5217\u51fa\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cc\u5411\u58f0\u660e\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u5f97\u534f\u8bae\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u63e1\u624b + \u80fd\u529b\u534f\u5546\u65f6\u5e8f\u56fe：<\/p>\n Client Server
\n \u2502 \u2502
\n \u2502\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 initialize \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba\u2502
\n \u2502 {protocolVersion, capabilities, clientInfo} \u2502
\n \u2502 \u2502
\n \u2502\u25c4\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 initialize response \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2502
\n \u2502 {protocolVersion, capabilities, serverInfo} \u2502
\n \u2502 \u2502
\n \u2502\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 notifications\/initialized \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba\u2502 （\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6210）
\n \u2502 \u2502
\n \u2502 \u2190 \u6839\u636e capabilities \u51b3\u5b9a\u540e\u7eed\u884c\u4e3a \u2192 \u2502
\n \u2502 \u2502
\n \u2502\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 tools\/list \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba\u2502 （\u4ec5\u5f53 Server \u58f0\u660e\u4e86 tools）
\n \u2502 \u2502
\n \u2502\u25c4\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 tools\/list response \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2502
\n \u2502 {tools: […]} \u2502
\n \u2502 \u2502
\n \u2502\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 tools\/call \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba\u2502 （\u8c03\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u5de5\u5177）
\n \u2502 {name: "searchDocs", arguments: {…}} \u2502
\n \u2502 \u2502
\n \u2502\u25c4\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 tools\/call response \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2502
\n \u2502 {content: [{type: "text", text: "…"}]} \u2502 <\/p>\n \u80fd\u529b\u534f\u5546\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u589e\u5f3a：Client \u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bf7\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5b50\u96c6，Server \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e Client \u7684\u80fd\u529b\u58f0\u660e\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u66b4\u9732\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u7b80\u5355 Agent \u7684 Client \u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u58f0\u660e tools \u80fd\u529b，Server \u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66b4\u9732\u590d\u6742\u7684 resources \u548c prompts\u3002<\/p>\n 5.3 \u9636\u6bb5\u4e09：\u5de5\u5177\u53d1\u73b0<\/h4>\n\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，Client \u53d1\u9001 tools\/list \u8bf7\u6c42，\u83b7\u53d6 Server \u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u542b\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u53c2\u6570 Schema（JSON Schema \u683c\u5f0f）：<\/p>\n \/\/ tools\/list \u54cd\u5e94\u793a\u4f8b
\n{
\n "jsonrpc": "2.0",
\n "id": "list-1",
\n "result": {
\n "tools": [
\n {
\n "name": "searchDocs",
\n "description": "\u641c\u7d22\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u6863，\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u6863\u7247\u6bb5",
\n "inputSchema": {
\n "type": "object",
\n "properties": {
\n "query": {
\n "type": "string",
\n "description": "\u641c\u7d22\u5173\u952e\u8bcd"
\n },
\n "topK": {
\n "type": "integer",
\n "description": "\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u91cf",
\n "default": 5
\n }
\n },
\n "required": ["query"]
\n }
\n },
\n {
\n "name": "executeQuery",
\n "description": "\u6267\u884c\u53ea\u8bfb SQL \u67e5\u8be2，\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6",
\n "inputSchema": {
\n "type": "object",
\n "properties": {
\n "sql": {
\n "type": "string",
\n "description": "SELECT \u8bed\u53e5（\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u53ea\u8bfb\u67e5\u8be2）"
\n }
\n },
\n "required": ["sql"]
\n }
\n }
\n ]
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a，Client \u4f1a\u7f13\u5b58\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u6b21 LLM \u63a8\u7406\u90fd\u53d1\u8d77\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5f53 Server \u58f0\u660e\u4e86 listChanged: true \u65f6，Client \u4f1a\u76d1\u542c notifications\/tools\/list_changed \u901a\u77e5，\u5728\u5de5\u5177\u53d8\u66f4\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n \u6027\u80fd\u6570\u636e：\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709 20+ \u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5de5\u5177\u5217\u8868\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9996\u6b21\u63a8\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e 50-100ms\u3002Spring AI \u7684 McpSyncClient \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f13\u5b58\u5de5\u5177\u5217\u8868，\u4ec5\u5728\u6536\u5230\u53d8\u66f4\u901a\u77e5\u65f6\u5237\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n 5.4 \u9636\u6bb5\u56db：\u5de5\u5177\u8c03\u7528<\/h4>\n\u4e00\u5207\u5c31\u7eea\u540e，LLM \u51b3\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u65f6，Client \u53d1\u9001 tools\/call \u8bf7\u6c42，Server \u6267\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u903b\u8f91\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c：<\/p>\n \/\/ tools\/call \u8bf7\u6c42
\n{
\n "jsonrpc": "2.0",
\n "id": "call-1",
\n "method": "tools\/call",
\n "params": {
\n "name": "searchDocs",
\n "arguments": {
\n "query": "MCP \u534f\u8bae\u63e1\u624b\u6d41\u7a0b",
\n "topK": 3
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n \/\/ tools\/call \u54cd\u5e94
\n{
\n "jsonrpc": "2.0",
\n "id": "call-1",
\n "result": {
\n "content": [
\n {
\n "type": "text",
\n "text": "MCP \u63e1\u624b\u6d41\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u6b65：1) Client \u53d1\u9001 initialize \u8bf7\u6c42…2) Server \u8fd4\u56de capabilities…"
\n },
\n {
\n "type": "text",
\n "text": "\u80fd\u529b\u534f\u5546\u9636\u6bb5，Server \u901a\u8fc7 capabilities \u5b57\u6bb5\u58f0\u660e\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\u578b…"
\n }
\n ],
\n "isError": false
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n Client \u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u6ce8\u5165 LLM \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587，LLM \u57fa\u4e8e\u7ed3\u679c\u751f\u6210\u6700\u7ec8\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f MCP \u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41：\u63e1\u624b \u2192 \u534f\u5546 \u2192 \u53d1\u73b0 \u2192 \u8c03\u7528，\u534f\u8bae\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n 5.5 \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u91cd\u8fde\u673a\u5236<\/h4>\n\u9664\u4e86\u534f\u8bae\u5c42\u9519\u8bef，\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u9519\u8bef（\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u3001Server \u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe）\u9700\u8981 Client \u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u91cd\u8fde\u673a\u5236\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n Spring AI MCP Client \u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u91cd\u8fde\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n McpSyncClient client = McpClient.sync(transport)
\n .clientId("my-agent-client")
\n .clientVersion("1.0.0")
\n \/\/ \u91cd\u8fde\u914d\u7f6e
\n .retryCount(3) \/\/ \u6700\u5927\u91cd\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570
\n .retryInterval(Duration.ofSeconds(1)) \/\/ \u57fa\u7840\u91cd\u8bd5\u95f4\u9694
\n .build();<\/p>\n try {
\n client.initialize();
\n} catch (McpConnectionException e) {
\n \/\/ \u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25，Client \u8fdb\u5165\u65ad\u5f00\u72b6\u6001
\n \/\/ \u4e0b\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5
\n log.error("MCP Server \u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25: {}", e.getMessage());
\n} <\/p>\n \u91cd\u8fde\u95f4\u9694\u91c7\u7528\u6307\u6570\u9000\u907f\u7b56\u7565（1s \u2192 2s \u2192 4s），\u907f\u514d\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u5bf9 Server \u9020\u6210"\u91cd\u8fde\u98ce\u66b4"\u3002\u8d85\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u91cd\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570\u540e，Client \u8fdb\u5165\u65ad\u5f00\u72b6\u6001，\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n \u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5efa\u8bae：\u5728 Client \u524d\u52a0\u4e00\u5c42\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5，\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u9001\u63a2\u6d3b\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8fde\u7eed\u5931\u8d25 3 \u6b21\u5219\u6807\u8bb0 Server \u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528，\u544a\u8b66\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458：<\/p>\n @Component
\npublic class McpHealthIndicator implements HealthIndicator {<\/p>\n @Autowired
\n private McpSyncClient mcpClient;<\/p>\n @Override
\n public Health health() {
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u7528 listTools \u505a\u63a2\u6d3b（\u8f7b\u91cf\u4e14\u5e42\u7b49）
\n mcpClient.listTools();
\n return Health.up()
\n .withDetail("server", "mcp-server")
\n .withDetail("tools", mcpClient.listTools().tools().size())
\n .build();
\n } catch (Exception e) {
\n return Health.down()
\n .withDetail("error", e.getMessage())
\n .build();
\n }
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n \u8fde\u63a5\u63a2\u6d4b\u7684\u9009\u578b\u7ec6\u8282：\u5bf9\u4e8e SSE \u4f20\u8f93，\u5065\u5eb7\u63a2\u6d4b\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\u63a2\u6d4b\u800c\u975e HTTP GET\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f GET \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u6253\u5f00 SSE \u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u963b\u585e，\u5f71\u54cd\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u3002TCP \u63a2\u6d4b\u53ea\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7aef\u53e3\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027，2 \u79d2\u8d85\u65f6\u5feb\u901f\u8fd4\u56de：<\/p>\n \/\/ SSE \u7528 TCP \u63a2\u6d4b（\u4e0d\u53d1 HTTP GET \u907f\u514d\u963b\u585e）
\ntry (Socket socket = new Socket()) {
\n socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, port), 2000);
\n return ProbeResult.ok(id);
\n} catch (Exception e) {
\n return ProbeResult.failed(id, e.getMessage());
\n} <\/p>\n
\n\u516d\u3001\u4e09\u5927\u539f\u8bed：Tools \/ Resources \/ Prompts<\/h3>\nMCP Server \u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u79cd\u539f\u8bed（Primitive）\u5411\u5916\u66b4\u9732\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u533a\u522b，\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528 MCP \u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n 6.1 Tools（\u5de5\u5177）：\u53ef\u88ab LLM \u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\nTool \u662f MCP \u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u539f\u8bed\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a Tool \u6709\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570 Schema（JSON Schema \u683c\u5f0f）\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002LLM \u901a\u8fc7 Tool \u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4ea4\u4e92\u2014\u2014\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u6863\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u8c03\u7528 API\u3002Tool \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6709\u526f\u4f5c\u7528：\u5b83\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u6539\u53d8\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n \u63cf\u8ff0（description）\u5b57\u6bb5\u5bf9 Tool \u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u662f LLM \u7406\u89e3\u5de5\u5177\u7528\u9014\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u53cd\u5bf9\u6bd4：<\/p>\n \n\u63cf\u8ff0\u8d28\u91cf\u793a\u4f8bLLM \u8c03\u7528\u51c6\u786e\u7387<\/tr>\n \n\n| \u274c \u592a\u6a21\u7cca<\/td>\n | "\u5ba1\u67e5\u4ee3\u7801"<\/td>\n | ~60%（LLM \u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u4f55\u65f6\u8c03\u7528）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u26a0\ufe0f \u4e00\u822c<\/td>\n | "\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u9759\u6001\u5206\u6790"<\/td>\n | ~75%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u2705 \u5177\u4f53\u6e05\u6670<\/td>\n | "\u5bf9 Java \u4ee3\u7801\u4ed3\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u9759\u6001\u5206\u6790，\u8fd4\u56de\u6f5c\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\u5217\u8868\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u5efa\u8bae"<\/td>\n | ~95%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5219：\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u300c\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8fd4\u56de\u4ec0\u4e48\u300d\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u52a0\u4e0a\u300c\u4f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 \/ \u4f55\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u300d\u7684\u6307\u5f15：<\/p>\n @Tool(description = """
\n \u5ba1\u67e5 Java \u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u6539\u8fdb\u5efa\u8bae\u3002
\n \u5f53\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u8981\u6c42 review \u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\n \u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u4e8e：\u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u68c0\u67e5\u7b49\u975e\u5ba1\u67e5\u573a\u666f\u3002
\n """) <\/p>\n 6.2 Resources（\u8d44\u6e90）：\u53ef\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90<\/h4>\nResource \u63d0\u4f9b\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e，\u4f9b LLM \u83b7\u53d6\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e0e Tool \u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e：Tool \u662f"\u505a\u4e8b"（\u6709\u526f\u4f5c\u7528），Resource \u662f"\u770b\u4e1c\u897f"（\u53ea\u8bfb）\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f8b\u5982，\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf Server \u53ef\u4ee5\u66b4\u9732 file:\/\/\/path\/to\/config.yml \u683c\u5f0f\u7684 Resource，\u8ba9 LLM \u5728\u6267\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8c03\u7528\u524d\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\u9879\u76ee\u914d\u7f6e\u3002Resource \u652f\u6301 URI \u5bfb\u5740\u548c\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u8d44\u6e90\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6，Server \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u901a\u77e5 Client\u3002<\/p>\n 6.3 Prompts（\u63d0\u793a\u6a21\u677f）：\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u677f<\/h4>\nPrompt \u662f Server \u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 Prompt \u6a21\u677f\u3002Client \u83b7\u53d6\u6a21\u677f\u540e\u586b\u5145\u53c2\u6570，\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9 LLM\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5 Server \u53ef\u4ee5\u66b4\u9732\u4e00\u4e2a review-prompt \u6a21\u677f，\u81ea\u52a8\u586b\u5145\u4ed3\u5e93\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u5206\u652f\u4fe1\u606f，\u7701\u53bb Client \u62fc\u63a5\u590d\u6742 Prompt \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n 6.4 \u4e09\u8005\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n\n\u539f\u8bed\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u9700\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81<\/tr>\n \n\n| Tools<\/td>\n | \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c<\/td>\n | \u662f<\/td>\n | \u6709\u526f\u4f5c\u7528，LLM \u4e3b\u52a8\u8c03\u7528，\u53c2\u6570\u9700 JSON Schema<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Resources<\/td>\n | \u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90<\/td>\n | \u5426<\/td>\n | \u65e0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587，\u652f\u6301 URI \u5bfb\u5740\u548c\u8ba2\u9605<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Prompts<\/td>\n | \u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6a21\u677f<\/td>\n | \u5426<\/td>\n | Server \u7aef\u5b9a\u4e49，Client \u586b\u5145\u53c2\u6570，\u964d\u4f4e\u62fc\u63a5\u6210\u672c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，\u5927\u591a\u6570 MCP Server \u53ea\u66b4\u9732 Tools，\u8fd9\u662f MCP \u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002Resources \u548c Prompts \u662f\u53ef\u9009\u589e\u5f3a\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u8ba9 LLM \u611f\u77e5\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u6216\u590d\u7528\u590d\u6742 Prompt \u65f6，\u518d\u5f15\u5165\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e03\u3001MCP \u4e0e A2A：\u4e24\u5957\u534f\u8bae，\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762<\/h3>\n2025 \u5e74 4 \u6708，Google \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86 A2A（Agent-to-Agent）\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5bb9\u6613\u628a A2A \u548c MCP \u641e\u6df7，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca"Agent \u8fde\u63a5"\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n \u6253\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u65b9：MCP \u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u7528\u624b\u673a\u8c03\u7528\u5916\u5356 App\u2014\u2014\u4f60（Agent）\u544a\u8bc9 App（Tool）"\u6211\u8981\u4e00\u4efd\u5bab\u4fdd\u9e21\u4e01"，App \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b App \u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u7ed9\u4f60\u53d1\u6d88\u606f，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u4f60\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u800c A2A \u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u534f\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u2014\u2014\u4f60（Agent）\u544a\u8bc9\u540c\u4e8b（Agent）"\u5e2e\u6211\u5ba1\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848"，\u540c\u4e8b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee\u4f60\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u63d0\u51fa\u4fee\u6539\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u62d2\u7edd\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n \n\u7ef4\u5ea6MCPA2A<\/tr>\n \n\n| \u901a\u4fe1\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n | Agent \u2194 Tool（\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u51fd\u6570）<\/td>\n | Agent \u2194 Agent（\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u4f53）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u8c03\u7528\u8bed\u4e49<\/td>\n | \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528，\u540c\u6b65\u8fd4\u56de<\/td>\n | \u4efb\u52a1\u59d4\u6258，\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u673a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u8c01\u53d1\u8d77<\/td>\n | Agent \u4e3b\u52a8\u8c03\u7528 Tool<\/td>\n | \u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u80fd\u5426\u62d2\u7edd<\/td>\n | \u4e0d\u80fd，Tool \u53ea\u662f\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n | \u53ef\u4ee5，Agent \u53ef\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n | \u65e0\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n | \u6709\u72b6\u6001（Task \u72b6\u6001\u673a，\u5f02\u6b65\u8f6e\u8be2）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n | stdio \/ SSE \/ Streamable HTTP<\/td>\n | HTTP + JSON-RPC 2.0 \/ SSE \/ Webhook<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u7b80\u5355\u8bf4：MCP \u89e3\u51b3 Agent \u600e\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177，A2A \u89e3\u51b3 Agent \u600e\u4e48\u4e0e Agent \u534f\u4f5c\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u7ade\u4e89\u5173\u7cfb，\u800c\u662f\u4e92\u8865\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e00\u4e2a Agent \u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u662f MCP Client（\u8c03\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u5de5\u5177）\u548c A2A Endpoint（\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6 Agent \u8c03\u7528）\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5 Agent：\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a MCP Client \u8c03\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u626b\u63cf\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u5de5\u5177，\u540c\u65f6\u4f5c\u4e3a A2A Endpoint \u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6 Agent \u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n\u2502 \u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5 Agent \u2502
\n\u2502 \u2502
\n\u2502 \u4f5c\u4e3a MCP Client（\u8c03\u7528\u5de5\u5177）： \u2502
\n\u2502 \u2192 \u5b89\u5168\u626b\u63cf\u5de5\u5177 \u2502
\n\u2502 \u2192 \u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177 \u2502
\n\u2502 \u2192 \u4f9d\u8d56\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177 \u2502
\n\u2502 \u2502
\n\u2502 \u4f5c\u4e3a A2A Endpoint（\u88ab\u8c03\u7528）： \u2502
\n\u2502 \u2190 \u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u7f16\u6392 Agent \u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42 \u2502
\n\u2502 \u2192 \u8fd4\u56de\u5ba1\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c + \u8fdb\u5ea6\u901a\u77e5 \u2502
\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 <\/p>\n
\n\u516b\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u8e29\u5751\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h3>\n8.1 \u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9<\/h4>\n\u73b0\u8c61：Client \u548c Server \u63e1\u624b\u5931\u8d25，Server \u8fd4\u56de -32600 Invalid Request\u3002<\/p>\n \u539f\u56e0：MCP \u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u91c7\u7528\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f（\u5982 "2024-11-05"\u3001"2025-03-26"），\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684 SDK \u53ef\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u3002Spring AI 1.1.x \u4f7f\u7528 MCP SDK 0.18.x，\u4e0e 0.17.x \u5b58\u5728 breaking change\u3002<\/p>\n \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u5728 pom.xml \u4e2d\u663e\u5f0f\u9501\u5b9a MCP SDK \u7248\u672c：<\/p>\n <dependency>
\n <groupId>io.modelcontextprotocol<\/groupId>
\n <artifactId>mcp-sdk-java-jackson<\/artifactId>
\n <version>0.18.2<\/version>
\n<\/dependency> <\/p>\n 8.2 SSE \u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u9891\u7e41\u65ad\u5f00<\/h4>\n\u73b0\u8c61：\u5de5\u5177\u8c03\u7528\u5076\u5c14\u8d85\u65f6，Client \u65e5\u5fd7\u663e\u793a\u9891\u7e41\u91cd\u8fde\u3002<\/p>\n \u539f\u56e0：Nginx \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 proxy_read_timeout \u4e3a 60 \u79d2，SSE \u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u5728 60 \u79d2\u65e0\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u540e\u4f1a\u88ab Nginx \u4e3b\u52a8\u65ad\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u53c2\u8003\u672c\u6587 4.2 \u8282\u7684 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e，\u5c06\u8d85\u65f6\u8c03\u5927\u81f3 3600 \u79d2\u4ee5\u4e0a，\u540c\u65f6\u5173\u95ed proxy_buffering\u3002<\/p>\n 8.3 \u5de5\u5177\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u591f\u7cbe\u51c6\u5bfc\u81f4 LLM \u8c03\u9519\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n\u73b0\u8c61：LLM \u9891\u7e41\u8c03\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5de5\u5177，\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u65f6\u5f3a\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n \u539f\u56e0：\u5de5\u5177\u7684 description \u592a\u6a21\u7cca，LLM \u65e0\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u300c\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u300d+\u300c\u8fd4\u56de\u4ec0\u4e48\u300d<\/li>\n\u4f7f\u7528 "When to Use \/ When NOT to Use" \u6a21\u5f0f<\/li>\n\u5982\u679c\u5de5\u5177\u6709 5 \u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a，\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u52a0\u4e0a\u9886\u57df\u524d\u7f00（\u5982 db_query\u3001db_schema\u3001search_docs）<\/li>\n8.4 \u591a Server \u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u540d\u51b2\u7a81<\/h4>\n\u73b0\u8c61：\u4e24\u4e2a Server \u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u540c\u540d\u5de5\u5177，Client \u8def\u7531\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7684 Server\u3002<\/p>\n \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：Spring AI \u91c7\u7528\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u9694\u79bb\u7b56\u7565，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u7f00\u52a0\u4e0a Server \u540d\u79f0：<\/p>\n code-review.reviewCode \u2192 \u8def\u7531\u5230 code-review Server
\ndatabase.executeQuery \u2192 \u8def\u7531\u5230 database Server <\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a Server \u7684\u5de5\u5177\u540d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c，\u524d\u7f00\u4e0d\u540c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n 8.5 \u8bca\u65ad\u89c2\u6d4b：\u5de5\u5177\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5168\u94fe\u8def\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u5de5\u5177\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u8c03\u7528\u6dfb\u52a0\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55：<\/p>\n public class LoggingToolCallback implements ToolCallback {
\n private final ToolCallback delegate;<\/p>\n @Override
\n public String call(String args) {
\n log.info("[MCP-TOOL] invoke: {} args={}",
\n toolName, truncate(args, 200));
\n long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
\n try {
\n String result = delegate.call(args);
\n log.info("[MCP-TOOL] success: {} cost={}ms result={}",
\n toolName, System.currentTimeMillis() – start,
\n truncate(result, 200));
\n return result;
\n } catch (Exception e) {
\n log.error("[MCP-TOOL] failed: {} cost={}ms error={}",
\n toolName, System.currentTimeMillis() – start,
\n e.getMessage());
\n throw e;
\n }
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n \u65e5\u5fd7\u5173\u952e\u5b57 [MCP-TOOL] \u65b9\u4fbf grep \u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5de5\u5177\u6c47\u603b\u62a5\u544a，\u5feb\u901f\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001：<\/p>\n MCP \u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001: 3 \u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5, 8 \u4e2a\u5de5\u5177
\n code-review-local \u2192 ok (3 tools)
\n zhipu-web-search \u2192 ok (1 tool)
\n amap-maps \u2192 failed (timeout) <\/p>\n 8.6 \u5e76\u53d1\u4e0e\u9650\u6d41<\/h4>\nMCP Client（\u5c24\u5176\u662f LLM \u9a71\u52a8\u7684 Agent）\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u9891\u5e76\u53d1\u8c03\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b9e\u6d4b\u4e2d\u66fe\u51fa\u73b0\u5355\u4e2a Agent \u5728 1 \u79d2\u5185\u53d1\u8d77 200+ \u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42，\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u6ee1\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u3002<\/p>\n \u5efa\u8bae\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e24\u7ea7\u9650\u6d41：<\/p>\n \n\u9650\u6d41\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7b56\u7565\u63a8\u8350\u503c<\/tr>\n \n\n| \u6bcf Client QPS<\/td>\n | \u4ee4\u724c\u6876（\u5982 Guava RateLimiter）<\/td>\n | \u5355 Agent \u2264 10 req\/s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u5177\u5e76\u53d1\u6570<\/td>\n | \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf（Semaphore）<\/td>\n | \u5355\u5de5\u5177 \u2264 50 \u5e76\u53d1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u5355\u5de5\u5177\u8d85\u65f6<\/td>\n | \u72ec\u7acb\u8d85\u65f6\u914d\u7f6e<\/td>\n | \u6839\u636e\u5de5\u5177\u7279\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e（5s~60s）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\nMCP \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d53\u7f29\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u51b3\u7b56：<\/p>\n \n- \u7528 JSON-RPC 2.0 \u505a\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u6bd4 gRPC \u8f7b\u91cf，\u6bd4 REST \u66f4\u9002\u5408\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1<\/li>\n
- \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4e0e\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u89e3\u8026\u2014\u2014\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d70 stdio\u3001SSE \u6216 Streamable HTTP，\u90e8\u7f72\u65b9\u5f0f\u7075\u6d3b<\/li>\n
- \u80fd\u529b\u534f\u5546\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014Client \u548c Server \u53cc\u5411\u58f0\u660e\u80fd\u529b，\u907f\u514d\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n
- \u4e09\u5927\u539f\u8bed\u5206\u5de5\u660e\u786e\u2014\u2014Tools \u505a\u4e8b\u3001Resources \u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u3001Prompts \u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u677f<\/li>\n
- Host\/Client\/Server \u4e09\u89d2\u67b6\u6784\u2014\u2014\u5de5\u5177\u751f\u6001\u4e0e\u5bbf\u4e3b\u5e94\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u8026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51b3\u7b56，MCP \u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u76d2\u534f\u8bae，\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u5de5\u7a0b\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742，\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6311\u6218\u5728\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b83\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u670d\u52a1\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u9884\u544a：MCP-02\u300aMCP Server \u5f00\u53d1\u5b9e\u6218\u300b，\u5c06\u4ece\u4ee3\u7801\u5c42\u9762\u62c6\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u7528 Spring AI \u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7\u7684 MCP Server\u2014\u2014\u4ece @Tool \u6ce8\u89e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u5de5\u5177，\u5230 SSE \u4f20\u8f93\u914d\u7f6e，\u5230\u591a\u6a21\u5757\u5de5\u5177\u805a\u5408，\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n \u2014 \u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 AI Agent \u00b7 MCP \u5b50\u7cfb\u5217 \u00b7 \u7b2c 1 \u7bc7 \u2014<\/p>\n \u6709\u95ee\u9898\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u89c1，\u6b22\u8fce\u4ea4\u6d41~<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u5bfc\u8bfb：2024 \u5e74 11 \u6708，Anthropic \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86 MCP（Model Context Protocol）\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u5316 LLM \u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u534a\u5e74\u540e，MCP \u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a AI Agent \u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6807\u51c6：OpenAI\u3001Google\u3001LangChain\u3001Spring AI \u7b49\u4e3b\u6d41\u5e73\u53f0\u7eb7\u7eb7\u63a5\u5165\u3002MCP \u4e0d\u662f\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a RPC \u6846\u67b6，\u800c\u662f\u4e13\u4e3a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ea4\u4e92<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":92247,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[10187,66,50],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-92248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-codingplan","tag-ai","tag-50"],"yoast_head":"\n \u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 AI Agent \u00b7 MCP \u5b50\u7cfb\u5217 #01\uff1aMCP \u534f\u8bae\u5168\u89e3\u2014\u4ece\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u5230\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u62c6\u89e3 - 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