{"id":92013,"date":"2026-08-08T23:56:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-08T15:56:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/92013.html"},"modified":"2026-08-08T23:56:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T15:56:57","slug":"%e4%b8%80%e6%ac%a1%e8%ae%b2%e6%b8%85-python-%e8%a3%85%e9%a5%b0%e5%99%a8%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e9%97%ad%e5%8c%85%e3%80%81wraps-%e5%88%b0-fastapi-%e4%b8%8e-agent-%e5%b7%a5%e7%a8%8b%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/92013.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u6b21\u8bb2\u6e05 Python \u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff1a\u4ece\u95ed\u5305\u3001wraps \u5230 FastAPI \u4e0e Agent \u5de5\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u4e00\u6b21\u8bb2\u6e05 Python \u88c5\u9970\u5668&#xff1a;\u4ece\u95ed\u5305\u3001wraps \u5230 FastAPI \u4e0e Agent \u5de5\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u770b\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u50cf\u4e00\u79cd\u9b54\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;timer<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">create_order<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>order_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dict<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;order_id&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> order_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u5b9e&#xff0c;&#064;timer \u53ea\u662f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u771f\u6b63\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u662f Python \u4e2d\u51e0\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u80fd\u529b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u7b49\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u95ed\u5305\u4fdd\u5b58\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u6210\u540e&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u523b\u4ea4\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u5173\u7cfb\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;decorator<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">task<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u81f4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">task<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass<\/span><\/p>\n<p>task <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> decorator<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>task<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u884c\u7b49\u4ef7\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u795e\u79d8\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u88c5\u9970<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u7b49\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d4b\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">say_hello<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>action <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> say_hello<br \/>\naction<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> collections<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>abc <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> Callable<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">run<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>action<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    action<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">choose_action<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>debug<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">bool<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">debug_action<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;debug&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">normal_action<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;normal&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> debug_action <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> debug <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> normal_action<\/p>\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765&#xff1a;\u63a5\u6536\u539f\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u518d\u628a\u539f\u6765\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<p>Python \u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u9762\u8981\u6c42\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536\u88ab\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u7c7b&#xff1b;\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u539f\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u88c5\u51fd\u6570&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u672c\u8eab&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u88c5\u7c7b&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u539f\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56de None&#xff0c;\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e3a None&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6ce8\u518c\u578b\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e0e\u95ed\u5305<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">announce<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;before&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;after&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> result<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;announce<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">greet<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;done&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>greet \u540d\u79f0<br \/>\n    \u2193<br \/>\nwrapper \u51fd\u6570<br \/>\n    \u2193 \u95ed\u5305\u4fdd\u5b58<br \/>\n\u539f\u59cb greet \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u5916\u5c42 announce() \u5df2\u7ecf\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 wrapper \u4ecd\u7136\u5f15\u7528\u53c2\u6570 func&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u4fdd\u5b58\u5916\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5c31\u662f\u95ed\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u677f<\/h3>\n<p>\u771f\u5b9e\u51fd\u6570\u62e5\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u5305\u88c5\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u53d1\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> wraps<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">log_call<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;wraps<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;calling <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>__name__<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> result<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6a21\u677f\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>func \u4fdd\u5b58\u88ab\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u539f\u51fd\u6570&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>wrapper \u63a5\u7ba1\u65b0\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u5165\u53e3&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>*args, **kwargs \u8f6c\u53d1\u8c03\u7528\u53c2\u6570&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>return result \u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>&#064;wraps(func) \u590d\u5236\u5fc5\u8981\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb __wrapped__ \u94fe\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u539f\u7ed3\u679c<\/h4>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">broken<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff0c;\u88c5\u9970\u540e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de None\u3002\u9664\u975e\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u5951\u7ea6&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u5e94\u8be5\u539f\u6837\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001functools.wraps \u5230\u5e95\u4fdd\u7559\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 wraps&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">simple<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u88c5\u9970\u51fd\u6570\u7684 __name__\u3001__doc__ \u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5305\u88c5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u6587\u6863&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>inspect \u7b49\u53cd\u5c04\u5de5\u5177&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d\u548c\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6807\u51c6\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> wraps<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">simple<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;wraps<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<p>wraps \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f update_wrapper \u7684\u4fbf\u6377\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u5305\u88c5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u540d\u3001\u6587\u6863\u3001\u6ce8\u89e3\u7b49\u5e38\u7528\u5c5e\u6027&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e __wrapped__ \u6307\u5411\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u6700\u5185\u5c42\u539f\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> inspect <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> unwrap<\/p>\n<p>original <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> unwrap<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>decorated_function<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;wraps \u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5143\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8ba9\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u7406\u89e3\u5305\u88c5\u524d\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u8fd8\u9700\u8981 ParamSpec \u548c TypeVar\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 ParamSpec \u5199\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h3>\n<p>\u517c\u5bb9 Python 3.10&#043; \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> collections<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>abc <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> Callable<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> wraps<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> typing <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> ParamSpec<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> TypeVar<\/p>\n<p>P <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> ParamSpec<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;P&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nR <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> TypeVar<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;R&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">traced<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;wraps<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> P<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> P<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;calling <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>__name__<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P \u6355\u83b7\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u89c4\u683c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>P.args \u8868\u793a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>P.kwargs \u8868\u793a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>R \u4fdd\u5b58\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u88c5\u9970\u524d\u540e\u7684 Callable[P, R] \u4fdd\u6301\u540c\u4e00\u7b7e\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64 IDE \u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u4ecd\u7136\u77e5\u9053&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;traced<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> b<\/p>\n<p>add \u4ecd\u7136\u63a5\u6536\u4e24\u4e2a int \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de int\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u533a\u5206&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>wraps<br \/>\n  \u4fdd\u62a4\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5143\u6570\u636e\u548c __wrapped__ \u94fe<\/p>\n<p>ParamSpec &#043; TypeVar<br \/>\n  \u4fdd\u62a4\u9759\u6001\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u6267\u884c<\/h3>\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u6c42\u503c&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u624d\u6c42\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">register<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;decorate:&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>__name__<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> func<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;register<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">task<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;run task&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u5148\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>decorate: task<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u6709\u8c03\u7528 task() \u65f6&#xff0c;\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u624d\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>run task<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5 \/ \u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\u9636\u6bb5<br \/>\n  \u8ba1\u7b97\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<br \/>\n  \u521b\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61<br \/>\n  \u8c03\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668<br \/>\n  \u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u540d<\/p>\n<p>\u8c03\u7528\u9636\u6bb5<br \/>\n  \u8c03\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u540e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<br \/>\n  \u6267\u884c wrapper \u6216\u539f\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5916\u5c42\u968f\u610f\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u52a0\u8f7d\u5927\u578b\u6a21\u578b&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u4e00\u6b21\u666e\u901a\u5bfc\u5165\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u6602\u8d35\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e03\u3001\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e09\u5c42<\/h3>\n<p>\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;retry<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>times<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">request_data<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Python \u4f1a\u5148\u6267\u884c retry(times&#061;3)&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\u6b63\u63a5\u6536 func \u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4e09\u5c42&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> collections<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>abc <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> Callable<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> wraps<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> typing <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> ParamSpec<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> TypeVar<\/p>\n<p>P <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> ParamSpec<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;P&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nR <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> TypeVar<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;R&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">retry<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n    times<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n    exceptions<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token builtin\">type<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Exception<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>TimeoutError<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> times <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">raise<\/span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;times must be at least 1&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">decorator<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;wraps<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> P<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> P<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> attempt <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> times <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">try<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n                    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">except<\/span> exceptions<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n                    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> attempt <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> times<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n                        <span class=\"token keyword\">raise<\/span><\/p>\n<p>            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise<\/span> RuntimeError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;unreachable&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> decorator<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u5c42\u5206\u522b\u63a5\u6536&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>retry(&#8230;)       \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570<br \/>\ndecorator(func)  \u88ab\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u539f\u51fd\u6570<br \/>\nwrapper(&#8230;)     \u8c03\u7528\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u8bd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u770b\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e1a\u52a1\u8bed\u4e49&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ea\u6355\u83b7\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5f02\u5e38&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u9ed8\u8ba4\u541e\u6389\u6240\u6709 Exception&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6709\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u5e42\u7b49\u6027&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u9000\u907f\u3001\u6296\u52a8\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u548c\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u540c\u6b65\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u91cc\u7528\u963b\u585e\u4f11\u7720\u5305\u88c5\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u516b\u3001\u591a\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;outer<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;inner<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">task<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u81f4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>task <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> outer<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>inner<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>task<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u88c5\u9970\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u4ece\u4e0b\u5f80\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528&#xff0c;\u5148 inner&#xff0c;\u518d outer&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528\u8fdb\u5165&#xff1a;\u5148\u8fdb\u5165\u6700\u5916\u5c42 outer&#xff0c;\u518d\u8fdb\u5165 inner&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528\u9000\u51fa&#xff1a;\u5148\u79bb\u5f00 inner&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u79bb\u5f00 outer\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">outer<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;wraps<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;outer before&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;outer after&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> result<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">inner<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;wraps<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;inner before&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;inner after&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> result<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<p>\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>outer before<br \/>\ninner before<br \/>\n\u539f\u51fd\u6570<br \/>\ninner after<br \/>\nouter after<\/p>\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8bed\u4e49&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u4e3a\u4e86\u6392\u7248\u968f\u610f\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e5d\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5b89\u5168&#xff1a;\u540e\u7f6e\u903b\u8f91\u653e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8ba1\u65f6\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u629b\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;finished&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> result<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u65e0\u8bba\u6210\u529f\u5931\u8d25\u90fd\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u8017\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528 try\/finally&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> wraps<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> time <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> perf_counter<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">measure_time<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;wraps<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        started <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> perf_counter<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">try<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">finally<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            elapsed <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> perf_counter<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span> started<br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>__name__<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">: <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>elapsed<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><span class=\"token format-spec\">.3f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">s&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<p>\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u8fd8\u5e94\u9075\u5b88\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u5219&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u8bb0\u5f55\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed raise&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u6084\u6084\u628a\u5f02\u5e38\u53d8\u6210 None&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u901a\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u8f6c\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u5806\u6808\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<h3>\u5341\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u5f02\u6b65\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08<\/h3>\n<p>\u540c\u6b65\u5305\u88c5\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u534f\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> async_func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c\u3002\u540c\u6b65\u8ba1\u65f6\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\u8fb9\u754c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u8986\u76d6\u201c\u521b\u5efa\u534f\u7a0b\u201d&#xff0c;\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u8986\u76d6\u771f\u6b63\u7684 await\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f02\u6b65\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528 async def \u5e76 await \u539f\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> collections<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>abc <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> Awaitable<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> Callable<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> wraps<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> time <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> perf_counter<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> typing <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> ParamSpec<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> TypeVar<\/p>\n<p>P <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> ParamSpec<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;P&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nR <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> TypeVar<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;R&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">measure_async<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><br \/>\n    func<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> Awaitable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> Awaitable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;wraps<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">async<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> P<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> P<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        started <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> perf_counter<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">try<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">await<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">finally<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            elapsed <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> perf_counter<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span> started<br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>__name__<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">: <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>elapsed<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><span class=\"token format-spec\">.3f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">s&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;measure_async<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">async<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fetch_order<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>order_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dict<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;order_id&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> order_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5728\u88c5\u9970\u9636\u6bb5\u5224\u65ad\u51fd\u6570\u79cd\u7c7b\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u5305\u88c5\u5668&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u7528 overload \u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f85\u52a9\u4fdd\u6301\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5206\u6210 &#064;measure_sync \u4e0e &#064;measure_async \u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u5305\u88c5\u578b\u4e0e\u6ce8\u518c\u578b\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u5305\u88c5\u578b&#xff1a;\u6539\u53d8\u8c03\u7528\u884c\u4e3a<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;measure_time<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">build_report<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de wrapper&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u91cd\u8bd5\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\u7b49\u6a2a\u5207\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6ce8\u518c\u578b&#xff1a;\u6536\u96c6\u51fd\u6570\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> collections<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>abc <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> Callable<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> typing <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> Any<\/p>\n<p>Tool <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> Any<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><br \/>\ntool_registry<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dict<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> Tool<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">tool<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">decorator<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Tool<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> Tool<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> name <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> tool_registry<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise<\/span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;duplicate tool: <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        tool_registry<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> func<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> func<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> decorator<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;tool<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;get_order&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">get_order<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>order_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dict<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;order_id&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> order_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;status&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;paid&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u518c\u578b\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u8c03\u7528\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u628a\u51fd\u6570\u767b\u8bb0\u5230\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u8868\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8868\u6216\u5de5\u5177\u8868&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u8fd4\u56de\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u8981\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6ce8\u518c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u5bfc\u5165\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u5e94\u6a21\u5757\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5bfc\u5165&#xff0c;\u6ce8\u518c\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u540d\u6ce8\u518c\u5e94\u660e\u786e\u62a5\u9519\u6216\u89c4\u5b9a\u8986\u76d6\u7b56\u7565&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b57\u5178\u4e0d\u662f\u8de8 Worker\u3001\u8de8\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6ce8\u518c\u4e2d\u5fc3&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u81ea\u52a8\u626b\u63cf\u6a21\u5757\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u5165\u5faa\u73af\u5bfc\u5165\u548c\u9690\u5f0f\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5341\u4e8c\u3001FastAPI \u8def\u7531\u4e0e Agent Tool<\/h3>\n<p>FastAPI \u7684\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u88c5\u9970\u5668&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> fastapi <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> FastAPI<\/p>\n<p>app <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> FastAPI<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;app<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>get<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/users\/{user_id}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">get_user<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>user_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dict<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;user_id&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> user_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9 FastAPI&#xff1a;\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u7684 GET \u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8def\u7531\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u7528\u4e8e OpenAPI\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Agent Tool \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7c7b\u4f3c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;tool<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;get_refund&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">get_refund<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>refund_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dict<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;refund_id&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> refund_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;status&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;pending&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\u771f\u5b9e Agent \u6846\u67b6\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>Pydantic \u6216 JSON Schema&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u6b65\u6216\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u548c\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u5e94\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528 wraps&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8c28\u614e\u6539\u53d8\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u5185\u7f6e\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h3>\n<h4>1. &#064;property<\/h4>\n<p>\u628a\u65e0\u53c2\u6570\u65b9\u6cd5\u66b4\u9732\u4e3a\u5c5e\u6027\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Rectangle<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> width<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> height<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>width <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> width<br \/>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>height <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> height<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;property<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">area<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>width <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>height<\/p>\n<p>\u8c03\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>rectangle<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>area<\/p>\n<p>\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u9690\u85cf\u6602\u8d35\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u660e\u663e\u6709\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u4f1a\u8bef\u5224\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. &#064;classmethod<\/h4>\n<p>\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a5\u6536 cls&#xff0c;\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u66ff\u4ee3\u6784\u9020\u5668&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> typing <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> Self<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">User<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> name<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> name<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;classmethod<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">from_dict<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>cls<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> data<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dict<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> Self<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> cls<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>data<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;name&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 cls(&#8230;) \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5199\u6b7b User(&#8230;)&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5b50\u7c7b\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002Self \u9700\u8981 Python 3.11&#043;&#xff1b;\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 typing_extensions.Self \u6216\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684 TypeVar\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3. &#064;staticmethod<\/h4>\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a5\u6536\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6216\u7c7b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">User<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;staticmethod<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">is_valid_name<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">bool<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">bool<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>strip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5f3a&#xff0c;\u653e\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u7ea7\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. &#064;dataclass<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> dataclasses <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> dataclass<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;dataclass<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Point<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    x<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><br \/>\n    y<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><\/p>\n<p>dataclass \u662f\u7c7b\u88c5\u9970\u5668&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u751f\u6210 __init__\u3001__repr__\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u53ef\u9009\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5. &#064;lru_cache<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> lru_cache<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;lru_cache<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>maxsize<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">128<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">calculate_score<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>user_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> expensive_calculation<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>user_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u8ba4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u76f8\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u65e7\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u5e94\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7f13\u5b58\u5931\u6548\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u7f13\u5b58\u666e\u901a\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8de8 Worker \u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>lru_cache \u5185\u90e8\u7f13\u5b58\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u5907\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u6027&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e76\u53d1\u9996\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5341\u56db\u3001\u7c7b\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h3>\n<p>\u7c7b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u88c5\u9970&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>class_registry<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dict<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">type<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">register_model<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">decorator<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>cls<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">type<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">type<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> name <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> class_registry<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise<\/span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;duplicate model: <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        class_registry<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> cls<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> cls<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> decorator<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;register_model<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;user&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">UserModel<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6ce8\u518c\u7c7b&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5145\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5c06\u7c7b\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u589e\u5f3a\u540e\u7684\u7c7b&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u751f\u6210\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u53cd\u5c04\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u9700\u6c42\u4f18\u5148\u8fd4\u56de\u539f\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u590d\u6742\u5143\u7f16\u7a0b\u5e94\u63d0\u4f9b\u5145\u5206\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5341\u4e94\u3001Python \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e0e Decorator Pattern<\/h3>\n<p>Python \u7684 &#064;decorator \u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u7ecf\u5178\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684 Decorator Pattern \u5219\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ec4\u5408\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Coffee<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">cost<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">MilkDecorator<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> coffee<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Coffee<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>coffee <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> coffee<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">cost<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>coffee<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cost<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u8005\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u52a8\u673a\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u59cb\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u88c5\u6216\u7ec4\u5408\u589e\u52a0\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u201cPython \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u8bed\u6cd5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e5f\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a Python \u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u90e8\u5206 AOP&#xff08;\u9762\u5411\u5207\u9762\u7f16\u7a0b&#xff09;\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8f7b\u91cf\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\u7b49\u903b\u8f91\u4f1a\u6a2a\u8de8\u591a\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5341\u516d\u3001\u54ea\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u9002\u5408\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h3>\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u9002\u5408\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u903b\u8f91&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u591a\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u7c7b\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u4e1a\u52a1\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u8c03\u7528\u524d\u3001\u8c03\u7528\u540e\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u589e\u5f3a&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u590d\u7528&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u58f0\u660e\u5f0f\u5199\u6cd5\u6bd4\u624b\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u66f4\u6e05\u695a&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6846\u67b6\u9700\u8981\u6536\u96c6\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u7c7b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u573a\u666f\u5173\u952e\u8fb9\u754c<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u6307\u6807\u3001Tracing<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3001Token \u7b49\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u7528\u5165\u53e3\u6743\u9650\u9002\u5408&#xff0c;\u590d\u6742\u4e1a\u52a1\u7b56\u7565\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301\u663e\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n<td>\u5904\u7406\u5931\u6548\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fb9\u754c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u91cd\u8bd5<\/td>\n<td>\u4ec5\u91cd\u8bd5\u4e34\u65f6\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u6709\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u5e42\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e8b\u52a1<\/td>\n<td>\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u4ea4\u3001\u56de\u6eda\u3001\u5d4c\u5957\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6ce8\u518c<\/td>\n<td>\u63a7\u5236\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\u673a\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\u673a\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9650\u6d41<\/td>\n<td>\u660e\u786e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u53cd\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u628a\u6838\u5fc3\u4e1a\u52a1\u85cf\u8fdb\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;calculate_compensation<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;auto_approve_refund<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">handle_refund<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u9000\u6b3e\u89c4\u5219\u5168\u90e8\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u9605\u8bfb\u8005\u5f88\u96be\u770b\u6e05\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u51b3\u7b56\u5e94\u653e\u5728\u663e\u5f0f Service\u3001Policy \u6216 Workflow \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u53e0\u52a0\u592a\u591a\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;a<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;b<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;c<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;e<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">process<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5c42\u6570\u8fc7\u591a\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5f52\u5c5e\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u53d8\u5316\u96be\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u540d\u5b57\u65e0\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n<p>&#064;magic\u3001&#064;enhance \u65e0\u6cd5\u544a\u8bc9\u8bfb\u8005\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 &#064;require_role\u3001&#064;measure_time\u3001&#064;retry \u7b49\u660e\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u541e\u6389\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">try<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except<\/span> Exception<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u4f1a\u628a\u771f\u6b63\u6545\u969c\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u6b63\u5e38\u7a7a\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5. \u540c\u6b65\u5305\u88c5\u5f02\u6b65<\/h4>\n<p>\u6ca1\u6709 await \u7684\u540c\u6b65 wrapper \u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u8986\u76d6\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6. \u5bfc\u5165\u9636\u6bb5\u505a\u91cd\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5916\u5c42\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u52a0\u8f7d\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f1a\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u751f&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7. \u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6539\u53d8\u516c\u5f00\u7b7e\u540d\u5374\u4e0d\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u589e\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5220\u9664\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u5e94\u51c6\u786e\u6807\u6ce8\u5e76\u5199\u6587\u6863&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u8981\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e\u201d\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5341\u516b\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u6d4b\u8bd5\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h3>\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5e94\u6709\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">test_traced_preserves_result<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;traced<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> b<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">assert<\/span> add<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u5e94\u68c0\u67e5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u8f6c\u53d1&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u7559&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u6301\u6216\u6309\u5951\u7ea6\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6210\u529f\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u540e\u7f6e\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u5426\u6267\u884c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>__name__\u3001__doc__ \u548c __wrapped__ \u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u7559&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u5c42\u88c5\u9970\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u88ab await&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u518c\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u5bfc\u5165\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c Worker \u8fb9\u754c\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u501f\u52a9 __wrapped__&#xff0c;\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed5\u5f00\u5305\u88c5\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u539f\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> decorated_function<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>__wrapped__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8fd9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6216\u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7&#xff0c;\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5e94\u7ed5\u8fc7\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u6216\u6821\u9a8c\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5341\u4e5d\u3001\u4e09\u5957\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u6a21\u677f<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u666e\u901a\u540c\u6b65\u5305\u88c5\u5668<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> collections<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>abc <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> Callable<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> wraps<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> typing <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> ParamSpec<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> TypeVar<\/p>\n<p>P <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> ParamSpec<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;P&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nR <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> TypeVar<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;R&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">decorator<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;wraps<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> P<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> P<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u5e26\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">configured<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><br \/>\n    option<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">decorator<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>P<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">&#064;wraps<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wrapper<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> P<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> P<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> R<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>option<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> func<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>args<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">**<\/span>kwargs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> decorator<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u6ce8\u518c\u578b\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h4>\n<p>F <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> TypeVar<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;F&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> bound<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">object<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nregistry<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dict<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">object<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">register<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> Callable<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>F<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> F<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">decorator<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> F<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> F<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> name <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> registry<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise<\/span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;duplicate registration: <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        registry<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> func<br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> func<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> decorator<\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u677f\u53ea\u662f\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u91cd\u8bd5\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u6743\u9650\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u8865\u5145\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3001\u5e76\u53d1\u3001\u5e42\u7b49\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u5341\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355<\/h3>\n<p>\u5199\u5b8c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u540e&#xff0c;\u9010\u9879\u786e\u8ba4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u7684\u6a2a\u5207\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u6ce8\u518c\u903b\u8f91&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528 wraps \u4fdd\u7559\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5143\u6570\u636e&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u901a\u8fc7 ParamSpec\u3001TypeVar \u4fdd\u7559\u9759\u6001\u7b7e\u540d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6574\u8f6c\u53d1&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5f02\u5e38\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e&#xff0c;\u662f\u5426\u8bef\u541e\u5f02\u5e38&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u540e\u7f6e\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981 finally&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u5206\u522b\u652f\u6301\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u5f02\u6b65&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u5bfc\u5165\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u526f\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u91cd\u8bd5\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u4e1a\u52a1\u8bed\u4e49&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u8003\u8651\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001Worker \u548c\u5bb9\u5668\u8fb9\u754c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u5305\u88c5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>\u638c\u63e1 Python \u88c5\u9970\u5668&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e94\u5c42\u7406\u89e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u8bed\u6cd5\u5c42&#xff1a;&#064;decorator \u5927\u81f4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e func &#061; decorator(func)&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u673a\u5236\u5c42&#xff1a;\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u7b49\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u95ed\u5305\u4fdd\u5b58\u539f\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u540d\u79f0\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u88c5\u9970\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5de5\u7a0b\u5c42&#xff1a;*args\u3001**kwargs\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3001wraps \u548c ParamSpec \u5171\u540c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u900f\u660e\u5305\u88c5&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6846\u67b6\u5c42&#xff1a;FastAPI \u8def\u7531\u3001pytest \u6807\u8bb0\u548c Agent Tool 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