\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u5b66\u4e60\u8005，\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9，\u4ece\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406，\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u85cf\u7740\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\u6574\u7406\u6210\u4e00\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2，\u65b9\u4fbf\u81ea\u5df1\u56de\u987e\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5e2e\u5230\u540c\u6837\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e93\u662f\u9884\u5148\u7f16\u8bd1\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5（\u51fd\u6570）\u7684\u96c6\u5408，\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f.o\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5305，\u65b9\u4fbf\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5728 Linux \u4e0b\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd：<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u5e93\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6：add.c（\u52a0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0）\u3001max.c（\u6700\u5927\u503c\u5b9e\u73b0）\u3001main.c（\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u8bd1\u751f\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u5e93：<\/p>\n
gcc -shared -fPIC -o libmath.so add.c max.c<\/p>\n
\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c：<\/p>\n
# \u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u94fe\u63a5\u52a8\u6001\u5e93
\ngcc -o main main.c -L. -lmath
\n# \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u5e93\u8def\u5f84（\u4e34\u65f6\u6d4b\u8bd5）
\nLD_LIBRARY_PATH=. .\/main<\/p>\n
\u624b\u52a8\u6572\u7f16\u8bd1\u547d\u4ee4\u592a\u7e41\u7410，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 Makefile \u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6784\u5efa\u6d41\u7a0b：<\/p>\n
all: main
\nmain: add.c main.c max.c
\ngcc -o main add.c main.c max.c
\nclean:
\nrm -rf *.o main<\/p>\n
\u5728 Linux \u4e2d，fork()\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528，\u5b83\u4f1a\u590d\u5236\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b）\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027：<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <sys\/wait.h><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n pid_t pid = fork();
\n if (pid == -1) {
\n perror("fork failed");
\n return 1;
\n } else if (pid == 0) {
\n \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u903b\u8f91
\n printf("\u6211\u662f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，PID: %d，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0bPID: %d\\\\n", getpid(), getppid());
\n _exit(0); \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa，\u907f\u514d\u6e05\u7406\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u903b\u8f91
\n printf("\u6211\u662f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b，PID: %d，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0bPID: %d\\\\n", getpid(), pid);
\n wait(NULL); \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f，\u907f\u514d\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n }
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528fork()\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6811：<\/p>\n
\u6848\u4f8b 1：fork()|fork()<\/p>\n
fork();
\nfork();
\nprintf("A\\\\n");<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u540e\u4f1a\u6253\u5370 4 \u6b21 "A"，\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21fork()\u4ea7\u751f 2 \u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21fork()\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u518d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u6700\u7ec8\u5171 4 \u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6848\u4f8b 2：fork()&&fork()<\/p>\n
fork() && fork();
\nprintf("A\\\\n");<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u540e\u4f1a\u6253\u5370 3 \u6b21 "A"，\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b（fork()\u8fd4\u56de\u975e 0）\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2afork()，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b（fork()\u8fd4\u56de 0）\u4f1a\u77ed\u8def\u8df3\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2afork()\u3002<\/p>\n
\u907f\u514d\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b：<\/p>\n
Linux \u91c7\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u673a\u5236，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 4GB（32 \u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf）\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4，\u901a\u8fc7\u9875\u8868\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58：<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u662f Linux \u4f18\u5316fork()\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f：<\/p>\n
Linux \u4e2d\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26（File Descriptor）\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n
c<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n
#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <fcntl.h><\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6
\nint open(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode);
\n\/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6
\nssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
\n\/\/ \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6
\nssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
\n\/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6
\nint close(int fd);
\n\/\/ \u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u504f\u79fb\u91cf
\noff_t lseek(int fd, off_t offset, int whence);<\/p>\n
fork()\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u6837，\u82e5\u60f3\u8ba9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528exec\u7cfb\u5217\u51fd\u6570：<\/p>\n
#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5e38\u7528exec\u51fd\u6570
\nint execl(const char *path, const char *arg, …);
\nint execp(const char *file, const char *arg, …);
\nint execv(const char *path, char *const argv[]);
\nint execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);<\/p>\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027：<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b：\u8ba9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884cls -l\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
pid_t pid = fork();
\nif (pid == 0) {
\n execlp("ls", "ls", "-l", NULL);
\n perror("execlp failed"); \/\/ \u53ea\u6709exec\u5931\u8d25\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc
\n _exit(1);
\n}
\nwait(NULL);<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5b66\u4e0b\u6765，\u611f\u89c9 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u600e\u4e48\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90： \u5e93\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u8c03\u5ea6\u5355\u4f4d，\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u9694\u79bb，\u6587\u4ef6 I\/O \u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u540e\u7eed\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6574\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u8fd9\u4e9b IPC \u5185\u5bb9，\u6b22\u8fce\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u5b66\u4e60\u8005，\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9，\u4ece\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406，\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u85cf\u7740\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\u6574\u7406\u6210\u4e00\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2，\u65b9\u4fbf\u81ea\u5df1\u56de\u987e\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5e2e\u5230\u540c\u6837\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u5e93：\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0e\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u827a\u672f1. \u5e93\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u5e93\u662f\u9884\u5148\u7f16\u8bd1\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5（\u51fd\u6570）\u7684\u96c6\u5408，\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f.o\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5305，\u65b9\u4fbf\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[174,58],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-91025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-linux"],"yoast_head":"\n