{"id":89997,"date":"2026-08-04T13:09:16","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T05:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89997.html"},"modified":"2026-08-04T13:09:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T05:09:16","slug":"shell-%e4%b8%89%e5%89%91%e5%ae%a2%ef%bc%9agrep%e3%80%81sed%e3%80%81awk-%e6%89%be%e3%80%81%e6%94%b9%e3%80%81%e7%ae%97%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e9%83%bd%e4%b8%8d%e8%83%bd%e5%b0%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89997.html","title":{"rendered":"Shell \u4e09\u5251\u5ba2\uff1agrep\u3001sed\u3001awk\u2014\u2014\u627e\u3001\u6539\u3001\u7b97\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11"},"content":{"rendered":"

Shell \u4e09\u5251\u5ba2：grep\u3001sed\u3001awk\u2014\u2014\u627e\u3001\u6539\u3001\u7b97，\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11<\/h2>\n

\u5f00\u5934<\/h3>\n

\u5b66 Linux \u5230\u8fd9\u4f1a\u513f，\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6211\u591a\u5c11\u90fd\u80fd\u4e0a\u624b\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u770b\u7f51\u4e0a\u6559\u7a0b\u91cc\u90a3\u79cd"\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7"\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u2014\u2014cat xxx.log | grep \u62a5\u9519 | awk '{print $2}' | sort | uniq -c\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5c31\u5934\u76ae\u53d1\u9ebb，\u611f\u89c9\u50cf\u5728\u770b\u5916\u661f\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5468\u8001\u5e08\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bb2\u4e86\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u5251\u5ba2：grep\u3001sed\u3001awk\u3002\u540d\u5b57\u542c\u7740\u633a\u552c\u4eba，\u5176\u5b9e\u4e09\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u5206\u4e0d\u6e05\u5b83\u4eec\u8c01\u662f\u8c01\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f"\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u505a\u70b9\u4ec0\u4e48"\u5417？\u4e3a\u5565\u8981\u641e\u4e09\u4e2a？<\/p>\n

\u540e\u6765\u8001\u5e08\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u70b9\u9192\u4e86\u6211：<\/p>\n

grep \u8d1f\u8d23"\u627e"，sed \u8d1f\u8d23"\u6539"，awk \u8d1f\u8d23"\u53d6\u5217\u548c\u7b97"\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c31\u628a\u6211\u5b66\u4e09\u5251\u5ba2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u8e29\u7684\u5751\u3001\u8fd8\u6709\u8fde\u62db\u73a9\u6cd5\u90fd\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73af\u5883\u8fd8\u662f\u90a3\u53f0 CentOS 7 \u865a\u62df\u673a，VMware \u91cc\u8dd1\u7684\u3002\u524d\u9762\u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u641e\u5d29\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21，\u8fd9\u6b21\u5b66\u4e09\u5251\u5ba2\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u6253\u4e86\u4e2a\u5feb\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u5251\u5ba2\u5230\u5e95\u5404\u7ba1\u54ea\u644a\u4e8b？<\/h3>\n

\u5148\u5efa\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5，\u540e\u9762\u5c31\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7：<\/p>\n\n\u5de5\u5177\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u6e90\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
grep<\/td>\n\u6e90\u81ea ed \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u7684 g\/re\/p（\u5168\u5c40\u641c\u7d22\u6b63\u5219\u5e76\u6253\u5370）<\/td>\n\u627e\u884c<\/td>\n\u628a"\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6"\u7684\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6765<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sed<\/td>\nStream Editor，\u6d41\u5f0f\u7f16\u8f91\u5668<\/td>\n\u6539<\/td>\n\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u505a\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u63d2\u5165，\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
awk<\/td>\n\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005 Aho\u3001Weinberger\u3001Kernighan \u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd<\/td>\n\u53d6\u5217\/\u7b97<\/td>\n\u6309\u5217\u62c6\u5206，\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u505a\u7edf\u8ba1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u62ff\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u6570\u636e\u8bd5\u8bd5\u6c34，\u4e09\u5144\u5f1f\u5404\u51fa\u624b：<\/p>\n

# \u5047\u8bbe \/etc\/passwd \u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u884c：<\/span>
\n# root:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash<\/span><\/p>\n

grep<\/span> "root"<\/span> \/etc\/passwd # \u628a\u5305\u542b root \u7684\u6574\u884c\u635e\u51fa\u6765<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> 's\/bash\/zsh\/'<\/span> \/etc\/passwd # \u628a\u6bcf\u884c\u91cc\u7684 bash \u66ff\u6362\u6210 zsh<\/span>
\nawk<\/span> -F: '{print $1}'<\/span> \/etc\/passwd # \u6309\u5192\u53f7\u62c6\u5f00，\u53ea\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5（\u7528\u6237\u540d）<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f：grep \u7ba1"\u884c"，awk \u7ba1"\u5217"，sed \u7ba1"\u884c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9"\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u4e25\u8c28，\u4f46\u505a\u9898\u65f6\u591f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u771f\u6b63\u5389\u5bb3\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e32\u8d77\u6765，\u5404\u5e72\u4e00\u6bb5：<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6 \u2192 grep \u7b5b\u51fa\u8981\u7684\u884c \u2192 sed \u628a\u683c\u5f0f\u6539\u4e00\u6539 \u2192 awk \u53d6\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5 \u2192 sort \/ uniq \u7edf\u8ba1<\/p>\n

\n

1. grep\u2014\u2014\u628a\u6211\u8981\u7684\u884c\u635e\u51fa\u6765<\/h3>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

grep \u6700\u6734\u7d20\u7684\u7528\u6cd5，\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u641c\u5173\u952e\u8bcd：<\/p>\n

grep<\/span> "root"<\/span> \/etc\/passwd
\n# root:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash<\/span>
\n# operator:x:11:0:operator:\/root:\/sbin\/nologin<\/span>
\n# ……<\/span><\/p>\n

grep<\/span> "ERROR"<\/span> \/var\/log\/messages # \u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u627e\u62a5\u9519<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ca1\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019，grep \u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb，\u6240\u4ee5\u914d\u5408\u7ba1\u9053\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u6218\u573a：<\/p>\n

ps<\/span> aux |<\/span> grep<\/span> sshd # \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\u91cc\u627e sshd<\/span>
\nhistory<\/span> |<\/span> grep<\/span> "vim"<\/span> # \u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u91cc\u7ffb vim \u76f8\u5173\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n\n\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u7528\u4f8b\u5b50<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
-i<\/td>\n\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/td>\ngrep -i error log（\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u5230 ERROR\/Error）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-v<\/td>\n\u53cd\u5411\u5339\u914d，\u8f93\u51fa"\u4e0d\u542b"\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u7684\u884c<\/td>\ngrep -v "^#" sshd_config（\u53bb\u6389\u6ce8\u91ca\u884c）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-n<\/td>\n\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7<\/td>\ngrep -n "server" config<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-c<\/td>\n\u53ea\u6570\u5339\u914d\u7684\u884c\u6570<\/td>\ngrep -c "error" log<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-r<\/td>\n\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\ngrep -r "port" \/etc\/nginx\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-o<\/td>\n\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u5339\u914d\u7684\u90e8\u5206，\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u6574\u884c<\/td>\necho "abc123def456" | grep -oE "[0-9]+"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-w<\/td>\n\u5168\u8bcd\u5339\u914d<\/td>\ngrep -w "is" file（\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u5230 this）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-E<\/td>\n\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219<\/td>\ngrep -E "(error|warning)" log<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u6b63\u5219\u5165\u95e8\u2014\u2014grep \u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u7ec3\u624b\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n

\u5b66 grep \u987a\u4fbf\u628a\u6b63\u5219\u5165\u95e8\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5143\u5b57\u7b26：<\/p>\n\n\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\u542b\u4e49\u4f8b\u5b50<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
.<\/td>\n\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\ngrep "a.c" \u80fd\u5339\u914d abc\u3001a1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
*<\/td>\n\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u91cd\u590d 0 \u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21<\/td>\ngrep "ab*c" \u80fd\u5339\u914d ac\u3001abc\u3001abbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
^<\/td>\n\u884c\u9996<\/td>\ngrep "^root" \/etc\/passwd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
$<\/td>\n\u884c\u5c3e<\/td>\ngrep "bash$" \/etc\/passwd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[abc]<\/td>\n\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u5408<\/td>\ngrep "gr[ae]y" \u80fd\u5339\u914d gray \/ grey<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u8e29\u5751：\u57fa\u672c\u6b63\u5219\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u3002 \u6211\u7ec3 grep "(error|warning)" log \u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5565\u4e5f\u641c\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u540e\u6765\u624d\u77e5\u9053 grep \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6b63\u5219，\u91cc\u9762 ( )\u3001+\u3001?\u3001| \u8fd9\u4e9b"\u9ad8\u7ea7"\u7b26\u53f7\u90fd\u88ab\u5f53\u6210\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26，\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0 \\\\ \u8f6c\u4e49，\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0 -E \u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219：<\/p>\n

grep<\/span> "\\\\(error\\\\|warning\\\\)"<\/span> log # \u57fa\u672c\u6b63\u5219\u8981\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u6760<\/span>
\ngrep<\/span> -E<\/span> "(error|warning)"<\/span> log # \u52a0 -E \u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u8f6c\u4e49\u4e86（\u63a8\u8350）<\/span>
\negrep<\/span> "(error|warning)"<\/span> log # egrep \u5c31\u662f grep -E \u7684\u522b\u540d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u81f3\u4eca\u8bb0\u5f97 \\\\(…\\\\|…\\\\) \u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5，\u592a\u53cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e86，\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u5f8b grep -E\u3002<\/p>\n

grep \u7684\u5751<\/h4>\n

\u57511：grep \u5339\u914d\u5230\u4e86\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n

ps<\/span> aux |<\/span> grep<\/span> sshd
\n# \u8f93\u51fa\u91cc\u4f1a\u6df7\u8fdb\u4e00\u884c：<\/span>
\n# root 12345 0.0 0.0 11292 4320 pts\/0 S+ 08:30 0:00 grep –color=auto sshd<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a ps aux | grep sshd \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5305\u542b \u201csshd\u201d \u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57，grep \u5c31\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u90a3\u884c\u4e5f\u635e\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u518d\u52a0\u4e2a -v grep：<\/p>\n

ps<\/span> aux |<\/span> grep<\/span> sshd |<\/span> grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u770b\u5230 grep \u81ea\u5df1\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u91cc，\u8fd8\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u574f\u4e86，\u7422\u78e8\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57512：\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002 \u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u641c error，\u7ed3\u679c\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u5199\u7684\u662f ERROR，\u5565\u4e5f\u6ca1\u641c\u5230\u3002\u641c\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u5728\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u8fc7\u4e00\u904d\u8981\u4e0d\u8981 -i\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57513：\u641c\u76ee\u5f55\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u9519\u3002 grep "abc" \/etc\/ \u4f1a\u62a5 grep: \/etc\/: Is a directory\u3002\u8981\u52a0 -r \u624d\u80fd\u9012\u5f52\u8fdb\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

2. sed\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u80fd\u6539\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

sed \u5168\u540d\u53eb Stream Editor（\u6d41\u5f0f\u7f16\u8f91\u5668）\u3002\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684：vim \u662f"\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6，\u6211\u624b\u52a8\u6539"，sed \u662f"\u4e0d\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6，\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u81ea\u52a8\u6539"\u3002\u9002\u5408\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66ff\u6362：s\/\u65e7\/\u65b0\/<\/h4>\n

\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u66ff\u6362，\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f s\/\u65e7\u5185\u5bb9\/\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\/：<\/p>\n

sed<\/span> 's\/root\/ROOT\/'<\/span> \/etc\/passwd # \u628a\u6bcf\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a root \u6362\u6210 ROOT<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> 's\/root\/ROOT\/g'<\/span> \/etc\/passwd # \u52a0 g，\u628a\u6bcf\u884c\u6240\u6709 root \u90fd\u6362\u6389<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> 's\/root\/ROOT\/2'<\/span> \/etc\/passwd # \u6570\u5b57 2，\u53ea\u66ff\u6362\u6bcf\u884c\u7b2c 2 \u4e2a root<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5751：\u4e0d\u52a0 g \u53ea\u66ff\u6362\u6bcf\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002 \u6211\u6709\u6b21\u60f3\u628a\u914d\u7f6e\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u7684 localhost \u90fd\u6539\u6210\u670d\u52a1\u5668 IP，\u7528\u4e86 sed 's\/localhost\/192.168.1.10\/'，\u7ed3\u679c\u6bcf\u884c\u53ea\u6362\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a，\u540e\u9762\u6ca1\u6362\u5230\u7684\u5168\u6f0f\u4e86\u3002\u540e\u6765\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u8981\u52a0 g（global，\u5168\u5c40）\u624d\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u884c\u5185\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6309\u884c\u53f7 \/ \u8303\u56f4\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n

sed<\/span> -n<\/span> '2p'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u53ea\u6253\u5370\u7b2c 2 \u884c（-n \u662f"\u522b\u81ea\u52a8\u6253\u5370"，p \u662f\u6253\u5370）<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> -n<\/span> '2,5p'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u6253\u5370\u7b2c 2 \u5230 5 \u884c<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> '3d'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u5220\u9664\u7b2c 3 \u884c<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> '5,10d'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u5220\u9664\u7b2c 5 \u5230 10 \u884c<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> '\/^#\/d'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 # \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c（\u5220\u6ce8\u91ca）<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> 's\/^#\/\/'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u628a\u6bcf\u884c\u5f00\u5934\u7684 # \u53bb\u6389（\u53d6\u6d88\u6ce8\u91ca）<\/span><\/p>\n

-n \u548c p \u7ec4\u5408\u662f sed \u91cc\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u642d\u914d，\u610f\u601d\u662f"\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u6211\u60f3\u770b\u7684\u884c"\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8001\u662f\u5fd8，\u4e0d\u52a0 -n \u7684\u8bdd，\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u88ab\u6253\u4e00\u904d，\u7136\u540e\u5339\u914d\u884c\u518d\u6253\u4e00\u904d，\u8f93\u51fa\u8001\u957f\u8001\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u8ffd\u52a0<\/h4>\n

sed<\/span> '2i hello'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u5728\u7b2c 2 \u884c\u4e0a\u9762\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u884c hello（i = insert）<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> '2a world'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u5728\u7b2c 2 \u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u884c world（a = append）<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> '\/root\/a this is root'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u5728\u5305\u542b root \u7684\u884c\u540e\u9762\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u884c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u5730\u4fee\u6539：-i，\u8840\u6cea\u6559\u8bad<\/h4>\n

\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4e0d\u5199 -i \u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a，\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u53d8\u3002\u8981\u771f\u7684\u6539\u6587\u4ef6，\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0 -i：<\/p>\n

sed<\/span> 's\/old\/new\/g'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c，\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u52a8<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> -i<\/span> 's\/old\/new\/g'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u6587\u4ef6（\u5371\u9669，\u6539\u5b8c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006）<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> -i.bak<\/span> 's\/old\/new\/g'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u6539\u6587\u4ef6，\u540c\u65f6\u628a\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd\u6210 file.bak<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u7ffb\u8f66\u7ecf\u5386：\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7528 sed \u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u50cf vim \u4e00\u6837\u6539\u5b8c\u5c31\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86，\u7ed3\u679c\u6572\u5b8c sed 's\/8080\/9090\/' nginx.conf，\u4e00\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f 8080，\u6123\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u3002\u8865\u4e0a -i \u624d\u7b97\u6539\u6389\u3002\u540e\u6765\u66f4\u60e8\u7684\u4e00\u6b21，-i \u6539\u5b8c\u53d1\u73b0\u6539\u9519\u4e86，\u53c8\u6ca1\u5907\u4efd，\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u5feb\u7167\u56de\u6eda\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u517b\u6210\u4e60\u60ef：\u7528 -i \u4e4b\u524d\u5148 -i.bak \u5907\u4efd\u4e00\u4efd，\u6216\u8005\u5148\u4e0d\u52a0 -i \u8dd1\u4e00\u904d\u770b\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9，\u786e\u8ba4\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u518d\u4e0a -i\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5751：\u8def\u5f84\u91cc\u5e26\u659c\u6760\u3002\u66ff\u6362\u8def\u5f84\u65f6，\u6bd4\u5982\u8981\u628a \/usr\/local \u6362\u6210 \/opt，\u76f4\u63a5\u5199 sed 's\/\/usr\/local\/\/opt\/' \u5c31\u5168\u4e71\u4e86，\u56e0\u4e3a \/ \u65e2\u662f\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26\u53c8\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u6362\u4e2a\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26，\u6bd4\u5982\u7528 |：<\/p>\n

sed<\/span> 's|\/usr\/local|\/opt|g'<\/span> file<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u62db\u540e\u6765\u5e2e\u6211\u7701\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

3. awk\u2014\u2014\u628a\u6587\u672c\u5f53\u8868\u683c，\u6309\u5217\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n

awk \u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cc\u6700"\u91cd"\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a，\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5c0f\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5b66\u751f\u9636\u6bb5，\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u5b83\u505a\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b：\u6309\u5217\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5 \u548c \u6309\u6761\u4ef6\u7b97\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u6e90\u633a\u6709\u610f\u601d，\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd：Aho\u3001Weinberger\u3001Kernighan\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6309\u5217\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h4>\n

awk \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6309"\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u767d"（\u7a7a\u683c\/\u5236\u8868\u7b26）\u628a\u6bcf\u884c\u62c6\u6210\u5b57\u6bb5，$1 \u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001$2 \u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u2026\u2026$0 \u662f\u6574\u884c：<\/p>\n

# \u5047\u8bbe ps aux \u7684\u8f93\u51fa：USER PID %CPU %MEM …<\/span>
\nps<\/span> aux |<\/span> awk<\/span> '{print $1}'<\/span> # \u53ea\u6253\u5370\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217（\u7528\u6237\u540d）<\/span>
\nps<\/span> aux |<\/span> awk<\/span> '{print $2}'<\/span> # \u53ea\u6253\u5370\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217（PID）<\/span>
\nps<\/span> aux |<\/span> awk<\/span> '{print $1, $2}'<\/span> # \u6253\u5370\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u5217<\/span><\/p>\n

$NF \u8868\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5（NF = Number of Fields，\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2a\u6570），\u6240\u4ee5 $NF \u5c31\u662f"\u7b2c NF \u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5"\u3002<\/p>\n

awk<\/span> '{print $NF}'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u6253\u5370\u6bcf\u884c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5751：$NF \u548c NF \u5206\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002 \u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u770b awk '{print $NF}' \u60f3\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u3002$NF \u662f"\u53d6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9"，\u800c\u88f8\u7684 NF \u662f"\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u603b\u5171\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5"\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5185\u5bb9，\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6570\u5b57，\u505a\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u8fd9\u7ffb\u8f66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26：-F<\/h4>\n

\u5904\u7406 \/etc\/passwd \u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u6587\u4ef6，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6309\u7a7a\u683c\u62c6\u5c31\u5e9f\u4e86，\u8981\u7528 -F \u6307\u5b9a：<\/p>\n

awk<\/span> -F: '{print $1}'<\/span> \/etc\/passwd # \u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/span>
\nawk<\/span> -F: '{print $1, $7}'<\/span> \/etc\/passwd # \u7528\u6237\u540d + \u767b\u5f55 shell<\/span>
\nawk<\/span> -F: '{print NF}'<\/span> \/etc\/passwd # \u6bcf\u884c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5（passwd \u662f 7 \u4e2a）<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf NR \u548c NF<\/h4>\n
    \n
  • NR = Number of Record，\u5904\u7406\u5230\u7b2c\u51e0\u884c\u4e86（\u884c\u53f7）<\/li>\n
  • NF = Number of Field，\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2a\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    awk<\/span> -F: 'NR==1 {print $0}'<\/span> \/etc\/passwd # \u6253\u5370\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c<\/span>
    \nawk<\/span> '{print NR, $1}'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u7ed9\u6bcf\u884c\u52a0\u4e0a\u884c\u53f7<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6761\u4ef6\u7b5b\u9009\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h4>\n

    awk \u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u6761\u4ef6，\u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u624d\u6267\u884c {} \u91cc\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

    awk<\/span> -F: '$3 >= 1000 {print $1}'<\/span> \/etc\/passwd # UID \u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e 1000 \u7684\u7528\u6237<\/span>
    \nawk<\/span> '$3 > 50 {print $1, $3}'<\/span> stats.txt # \u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\u5927\u4e8e 50 \u7684\u884c<\/span>
    \nawk<\/span> 'NR > 1 {sum += $5} END {print sum}'<\/span> file<\/span> # \u4ece\u7b2c 2 \u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u7d2f\u52a0\u7b2c 5 \u5217<\/span><\/p>\n

    BEGIN \u548c END \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5757：BEGIN \u5728\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u524d\u6267\u884c（\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u6253\u8868\u5934），END \u5728\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u540e\u6267\u884c（\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u8f93\u51fa\u6c47\u603b）：<\/p>\n

    awk<\/span> -F: 'BEGIN {print "\u7528\u6237\u540d\\\\tShell"} {print $1"\\\\t"$7} END {print "\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b8c\u6bd5"}'<\/span> \/etc\/passwd<\/p>\n

    awk \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u6218<\/h4>\n

    \u8001\u5e08\u7559\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a：\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u6bcf\u4e2a IP \u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u6b21（\u7c7b\u4f3c\u770b\u8c01\u5728\u5237\u670d\u52a1\u5668）\u3002<\/p>\n

    # \u5047\u8bbe\u65e5\u5fd7\u6bcf\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f IP<\/span>
    \nawk<\/span> '{print $1}'<\/span> access.log |<\/span> sort<\/span> |<\/span> uniq<\/span> -c<\/span> |<\/span> sort<\/span> -rn<\/span> |<\/span> head<\/span> -10<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u62c6\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • awk '{print $1}' \u2014 \u628a\u6bcf\u884c\u7684 IP \u62a0\u51fa\u6765<\/li>\n
    • sort \u2014 \u6392\u5e8f（uniq \u53ea\u80fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u9879，\u5fc5\u987b\u5148 sort）<\/li>\n
    • uniq -c \u2014 \u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a IP \u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570<\/li>\n
    • sort -rn \u2014 \u6309\u6b21\u6570\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u6392<\/li>\n
    • head -10 \u2014 \u53d6\u524d 10 \u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6f0f\u4e86 sort，\u7ed3\u679c uniq -c \u7edf\u8ba1\u51fa\u6765\u5168\u662f 1，\u4ee5\u4e3a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540e\u6765\u624d\u77e5\u9053 uniq \u53ea\u5408\u5e76\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u884c，\u4e0d\u6392\u5e8f\u5c31\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b49\u4e8e\u767d\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

      awk \u7684\u5751<\/h4>\n

      \u57511：\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11\u3002 awk \u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u8981\u5305\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u91cc，awk '{print $1}'\u3002\u6211\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7 awk "{print $1}"，\u7ed3\u679c $1 \u88ab shell \u5148\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e86，\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u5168\u662f\u7a7a\u884c\u3002awk \u91cc\u7684 $ \u8981\u4ea4\u7ed9 awk，\u522b\u8ba9 shell \u5403\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u57512：\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u767d\u3002 \u5904\u7406 root:x:0:0 \u8fd9\u79cd\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u7684\u6587\u672c，\u4e0d\u52a0 -F: \u53ea\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u6574\u5757，\u5b57\u6bb5\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u5207\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u57513：print \u91cc\u9017\u53f7\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002 print $1, $2 \u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5206\u9694\u7b26），\u800c print $1 $2 \u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u62fc\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6ca1\u6ce8\u610f，\u8f93\u51fa\u6324\u6210\u4e00\u56e2\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e09\u5251\u5ba2\u8fde\u62db：\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u641e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b<\/h3>\n

      \u5355\u72ec\u7528\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90fd\u80fd\u7528，\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5a01\u529b\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e32\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5206\u4eab\u4e24\u4e2a\u6211\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6848\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

      \u9700\u6c42：\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237，\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684 shell \u6b63\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

      # 1. grep \u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u4e0d\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u7684（shell \u662f nologin \u7684）<\/span>
      \n# 2. awk \u53d6\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c shell<\/span>
      \ngrep<\/span> -v<\/span> "\/sbin\/nologin"<\/span> \/etc\/passwd |<\/span> awk<\/span> -F: '{print $1, $7}'<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u9700\u6c42：\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

      # ps aux \u7684\u5217：USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS … COMMAND<\/span>
      \n# sort \u6309\u7b2c 4 \u5217（%MEM）\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u6392，\u518d awk \u53d6 PID\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u547d\u4ee4<\/span>
      \nps<\/span> aux |<\/span> sort<\/span> -rk4<\/span> |<\/span> head<\/span> -5<\/span> |<\/span> awk<\/span> '{print $2, $4, $11}'<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u9700\u6c42：\u770b\u770b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u6ce8\u91ca\u5199\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

      grep<\/span> "^#"<\/span> \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config |<\/span> wc<\/span> -l<\/span>
      \n# \u6216\u8005\u7528 awk \u6570<\/span>
      \nawk<\/span> '\/^#\/ {count++} END {print count}'<\/span> \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/p>\n

      \u7ec3\u8fde\u62db\u7684\u6700\u5927\u611f\u53d7\u662f：\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ea\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b，\u9760\u7ba1\u9053\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u62fc\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u8ddf\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u5728 [[7.22 \u521b\u5efa\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6]] \u5b66\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa，\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u6211\u8e29\u8fc7\u7684\u5751\u5408\u96c6（\u8003\u524d\u5fc5\u770b）<\/h3>\n\n\u5751\u6211\u7684\u7ffb\u8f66\u7ecf\u5386\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      grep \u5339\u914d\u5230\u81ea\u5df1<\/td>\nps aux | grep sshd \u7ed3\u679c\u91cc\u6df7\u8fdb grep \u81ea\u5df1<\/td>\n\u52a0 grep -v grep，\u6216\u76f4\u63a5 pgrep sshd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u57fa\u672c\u6b63\u5219 \/ \u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219<\/td>\ngrep "(a|b)" \u4e0d\u751f\u6548<\/td>\n\u7528 grep -E \u6216 egrep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      sed \u5fd8\u8bb0 -i<\/td>\n\u8dd1\u5b8c sed 's\/x\/y\/' \u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u53d8<\/td>\n\u786e\u8ba4\u65e0\u8bef\u540e\u52a0 -i，\u6700\u597d -i.bak \u5907\u4efd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      sed \u66ff\u6362\u8def\u5f84\u659c\u6760\u6df7\u4e71<\/td>\n\u66ff\u6362\u5e26 \/ \u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5199\u9519<\/td>\n\u7528 `<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      sed \u4e0d\u52a0 g<\/td>\n\u6bcf\u884c\u53ea\u66ff\u6362\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d<\/td>\n\u5168\u66ff\u6362\u8981\u52a0 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      awk \u7528\u4e86\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7<\/td>\n$1 \u88ab shell \u5403\u6389，\u8f93\u51fa\u5168\u662f\u7a7a<\/td>\nawk \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5305<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      awk \u5fd8\u4e86 -F<\/td>\n\u5904\u7406 passwd \u53ea\u80fd\u53d6\u5230\u4e00\u6574\u5757<\/td>\n\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7528 -F:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      uniq \u524d\u6ca1 sort<\/td>\n\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u5168\u662f 1<\/td>\nuniq -c \u524d\u5148 sort<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      $NF \u548c NF \u6df7\u6dc6<\/td>\n\u60f3\u53d6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\u5374\u5199\u6210 {print NF}<\/td>\n\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9\u7528 $NF，\u53d6\u6570\u91cf\u7528 NF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u901f\u8bb0\u6e05\u5355<\/h4>\n

      grep \u7ba1\u627e\u884c，sed \u7ba1\u6539\u5185\u5bb9，awk \u7ba1\u53d6\u5217\/\u7b97
      \ngrep：-i \u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199，-v \u53cd\u5411，-E \u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219，-o \u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u5339\u914d
      \nsed：s\/\u65e7\/\u65b0\/g \u66ff\u6362，-n \u914d p \u53ea\u6253\u5370，-i \u624d\u771f\u6b63\u6539\u6587\u4ef6
      \nawk：\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6309\u7a7a\u767d\u62c6\u5217，-F: \u6307\u5b9a\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694
      \nawk：$1 \u53d6\u7b2c 1 \u5217，$NF \u53d6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217，NR \u662f\u884c\u53f7，NF \u662f\u5217\u6570
      \nuniq -c \u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b sort<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u6253\u7b97<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8fd8\u60f3\u518d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec3\u4e00\u904d，grep\u3001sed\u3001awk \u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5b83<\/li>\n
      • \u5b66\u5b66 awk \u7684 if\u3001for \u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u6cd5，\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u95e8\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00<\/li>\n
      • \u60f3\u8bd5\u7740\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u80fd\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5c0f\u811a\u672c，\u628a\u4e09\u5251\u5ba2 + \u7ba1\u9053\u7528\u719f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n

        \u6700\u540e\u8bf4\u4e24\u53e5<\/h3>\n

        \u5b66\u5b8c\u4e09\u5251\u5ba2，\u6700\u5927\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u662f，\u4ee5\u524d\u89c9\u5f97"\u9ad8\u6df1"\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4，\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5404\u53f8\u5176\u804c\u7684\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u62fc\u8d77\u6765：grep \u627e\u3001sed \u6539\u3001awk \u53d6，\u5404\u5e72\u5404\u7684，\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u80fd\u5e72\u633a\u591a\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf4\u5b9e\u8bdd，awk \u6211\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u662f\u7528\u5f97\u6700\u751f\u758f，\u5b83\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u957f\u5f97\u8ddf C \u6709\u70b9\u50cf，\u4e00\u590d\u6742\u5c31\u72af\u6655，\u4f30\u8ba1\u540e\u9762\u5199\u811a\u672c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5f97\u591a\u7ec3\u3002sed \u7684 -i \u6211\u73b0\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u904d\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5907\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8b：\u4e09\u5251\u5ba2\u914d\u5408\u6b63\u5219\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7b26\u53f7\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u591a，^\u3001$\u3001.\u3001*\u3001[] \u90fd\u662f\u5565\u610f\u601d，\u6211\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u5076\u5c14\u8fd8\u8981\u7ffb man grep\u3002\u53cd\u6b63\u8bb0\u4e0d\u4f4f\u5c31\u67e5\u5457，\u7528\u591a\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u719f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u865a\u62df\u673a\u91cc \/var\/log \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u88ab\u6211 grep \/ sed \/ awk \u6765\u56de\u6298\u817e\u4e86\u4e2a\u904d，\u8fd8\u597d\u6709\u5feb\u7167，\u73a9\u574f\u4e86\u968f\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n

        2026\u5e748\u6708 \u00b7 \u5199\u4e8e shell \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bfe\u540e \u00b7 \u865a\u62df\u673a\u91cc \/var\/log \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u88ab\u6211\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e2a\u5e95\u671d\u5929<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Shell \u4e09\u5251\u5ba2：grep\u3001sed\u3001awk\u2014\u2014\u627e\u3001\u6539\u3001\u7b97，\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11
        \n\u5f00\u5934
        \n\u5b66 Linux \u5230\u8fd9\u4f1a\u513f，\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6211\u591a\u5c11\u90fd\u80fd\u4e0a\u624b\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u770b\u7f51\u4e0a\u6559\u7a0b\u91cc\u90a3\u79cd\\”\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\\”\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u2014\u2014cat xxx.log | grep \u62a5\u9519 | awk {print $2} | sort | uniq -c\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5c31\u5934\u76ae\u53d1\u9ebb，\u611f\u89c9\u50cf\u5728\u770b\u5916\u661f\u6587\u3002
        \n\u8fd9\u5468\u8001\u5e08\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bb2\u4e86\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u5251\u5ba2：grep\u3001sed\u3001aw<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,763,43,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-89997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-linux","tag-763","tag-43","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"\nShell \u4e09\u5251\u5ba2\uff1agrep\u3001sed\u3001awk\u2014\u2014\u627e\u3001\u6539\u3001\u7b97\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89997.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Shell \u4e09\u5251\u5ba2\uff1agrep\u3001sed\u3001awk\u2014\u2014\u627e\u3001\u6539\u3001\u7b97\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shell \u4e09\u5251\u5ba2：grep\u3001sed\u3001awk\u2014\u2014\u627e\u3001\u6539\u3001\u7b97，\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11 \u5f00\u5934 \u5b66 Linux \u5230\u8fd9\u4f1a\u513f，\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6211\u591a\u5c11\u90fd\u80fd\u4e0a\u624b\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u770b\u7f51\u4e0a\u6559\u7a0b\u91cc\u90a3\u79cd"\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7"\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u2014\u2014cat xxx.log | grep \u62a5\u9519 | awk {print $2} | sort | uniq -c\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5c31\u5934\u76ae\u53d1\u9ebb，\u611f\u89c9\u50cf\u5728\u770b\u5916\u661f\u6587\u3002 \u8fd9\u5468\u8001\u5e08\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bb2\u4e86\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u5251\u5ba2：grep\u3001sed\u3001aw\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89997.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-04T05:09:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89997.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89997.html\",\"name\":\"Shell \u4e09\u5251\u5ba2\uff1agrep\u3001sed\u3001awk\u2014\u2014\u627e\u3001\u6539\u3001\u7b97\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11 - 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