{"id":8992,"date":"2025-04-18T17:07:41","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T09:07:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/8992.html"},"modified":"2025-04-18T17:07:41","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T09:07:41","slug":"linux-%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e6%9c%80%e5%85%a8%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/8992.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u6700\u5168\u603b\u7ed3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<h6>1\u3001cd \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>&#xff08;\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u5207\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u8981\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>cd \/home \u8fdb\u5165 \u2018\/ home\u2019 \u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>cd .. \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>cd ..\/.. \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e24\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>cd \/ \u8fd4\u56de\u8ddf\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>cd &#8211; \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>mkdir &lt;\u76ee\u5f55\u540d&gt; \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>mkdir dir1 dir2 \u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>mkdir -p \/tmp\/dir1\/dir2 \u9012\u5f52\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u6811<\/p>\n<p>rm -f file1 \u5220\u9664\u2019file1\u2019\u2f42\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>rmdir dir1 \u5220\u9664\u2019dir1\u2019\u2f6c\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>rm -rf dir1 \u5220\u9664\u2019dir1\u2019\u2f6c\u5f55\u548c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\n-rm -rf dir1 dir2 \u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u2f6c\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u5bb9 <\/p>\n<h6>2\u3001pwd \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>pwd \u663e\u793a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84 <\/p>\n<h6>3\u3001ls \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>ls \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nls -l \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8d44\u6599<br \/>\nls -a \u5217\u51fa\u5168\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nls -lh \u67e5\u770b\u2f42\u4ef6\u548c\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684\u8be6\u60c5\u5217\u8868&#xff08;\u589e\u5f3a\u2f42\u4ef6\u2f24\u2f29\u6613\u8bfb\u6027&#xff09;<br \/>\nls -lSr \u67e5\u770b\u2f42\u4ef6\u548c\u2f6c\u5f55\u5217\u8868&#xff08;\u4ee5\u2f42\u4ef6\u2f24\u2f29\u5347\u5e8f\u67e5\u770b&#xff09;<br \/>\ntree \u67e5\u770b\u2f42\u4ef6\u548c\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784 &#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b89\u88c5 yum install tree&#xff09;<br \/>\nls -R \u8fde\u540c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa&#xff08;\u9012\u5f52\u5217\u51fa&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765<br \/>\nls -al \/proc\/pid\/exe \u901a\u8fc7pid\u67e5\u8be2\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8def\u5f84 <\/p>\n<h6>4\u3001cp \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>&#xff08;\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;copy\u4e4b\u610f&#xff0c;\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5730\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>-a \u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u5236<br \/>\n-p \u8fde\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u5236&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4e0e-a\u76f8\u4f3c&#xff0c;\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5907\u4efd<br \/>\n-i \u82e5\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5728\u8986\u76d6\u65f6\u4f1a\u5148\u8be2\u95ee\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fdb\u884c<br \/>\n-r \u9012\u5f52\u6301\u7eed\u590d\u5236&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u590d\u5236\u884c\u4e3a<br \/>\n-u \u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u590d\u5236<br \/>\n-cp dir\/* . \u590d\u5236\u67d0\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u81f3\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\ncp -a dir1 dir2 \u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\ncp -a \/temp\/dir1 . \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u81f3\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\nln -s file1 link1 \u521b\u5efa\u6307\u5411\u2f42\u4ef6\/\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5<br \/>\nln file1 lnk1 \u521b\u5efa\u6307\u5411\u2f42\u4ef6\/\u2f6c\u5f55\u7684\u7269\u7406\u94fe\u63a5<br \/>\ntouch -t 0712250000 file1 \u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233 &#8211; (YYMMDDhhmm) <\/p>\n<h6>5\u3001mv \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>-f force\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u610f\u601d&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8be2\u95ee\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6<br \/>\n-i \u82e5\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u8be2\u95ee\u662f\u5426\u8986\u76d6<br \/>\n-u \u82e5\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u4e14\u6bd4\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u65b0&#xff0c;\u624d\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0<br \/>\nmv old_dir new_dir \u91cd\u547d\u540d\/\u79fb\u52a8\u2f6c\u5f55 <\/p>\n<h6>6\u3001rm \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>-f &#xff1a;\u5c31\u662fforce\u7684\u610f\u601d&#xff0c;\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f<br \/>\n-i &#xff1a;\u4e92\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5728\u5220\u9664\u524d\u4f1a\u8be2\u95ee\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u64cd\u4f5c<br \/>\n-r &#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664&#xff0c;\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55\u5220\u9664&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u9669\u7684\u53c2\u6570 <\/p>\n<h5>\u4e8c\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/h5>\n<h6>7\u3001cat \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>&#xff08;\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u540e\u63a5\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u4e0e more \u548c less \u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>cat file1 \u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5411\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\ncat -n file1 \u6807\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u6570<br \/>\ncat xxx.txt awk \u2018NR%2&#061;&#061;1\u2019<br \/>\ntac file1 \u4ece\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u5411\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\nmore file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\nless file1 \u7c7b\u4f3c more \u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5141\u8bb8\u65b9\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c<br \/>\nhead -n 2 file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u884c<br \/>\ntail -f \/log\/msg \u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\ntail -n 2 file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u884c<br \/>\ntail -n &#043;1000 file1 \u4ece1000\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u663e\u793a&#xff0c;\u663e\u793a1000\u884c\u4ee5\u540e\u7684<br \/>\ncat filename | head -n 3000 | tail -n &#043;1000 \u663e\u793a1000\u884c\u52303000\u884c<br \/>\ncat filename | tail -n &#043;3000 | head -n 1000 \u4ece\u7b2c3000\u884c\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u663e\u793a1000(\u5373\u663e\u793a3000~3999\u884c)<br \/>\ngrep ss hello.txt \u5728\u2f42\u4ef6hello.txt\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5173\u952e\u8bcd ss<br \/>\ngrep ^s hello.txt \u5728\u2f42\u4ef6hello.txt\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4ee5 s \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\ngrep [0-9] hello.txt \u9009\u62e9hello.txt\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u2f8f<br \/>\nsed &#039;s\/ss\/mm\/g&#039; hello.txt \u5c06hello.txt\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 ss \u66ff\u6362\u6210 mm<br \/>\nsed &#039;\/^$\/d&#039; hello.txt \u4ecehello.txt\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u2f69\u2f8f<br \/>\nsed &#039;\/ *#\/d; \/^$\/d&#039; hello.txt \u4ecehello.txt\u2f42\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u7a7a\u2f69\u2f8f<br \/>\nsed -e &#039;1d&#039; hello.txt \u4ece\u2f42\u4ef6hello.txt \u4e2d\u6392\u9664\u7b2c\u2f00\u2f8f<br \/>\nsed -n &#039;\/s1\/p&#039; hello.txt \u67e5\u770b\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u5173\u952e\u8bcd&#034;s1&#034;\u7684\u2f8f<br \/>\nsed -e &#039;s\/ *$\/\/&#039; hello.txt \u5220\u9664\u6bcf\u2f00\u2f8f\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u2f69\u5b57\u7b26<br \/>\nsed -e &#039;s\/s1\/\/g&#039; hello.txt \u4ece\u2f42\u6863\u4e2d\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u8bcd\u6c47s1\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u5269\u4f59\u5168\u90e8<br \/>\nsed -n &#039;1,5p;5q&#039; hello.txt \u67e5\u770b\u4ece\u7b2c\u2f00\u2f8f\u5230\u7b2c5\u2f8f\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\nsed -n &#039;5p;5q&#039; hello.txt \u67e5\u770b\u7b2c5\u2f8f<br \/>\npaste file1 file2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\npaste -d &#039;&#043;&#039; file1 file2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u4e2d\u95f4\u2f64&#034;&#043;&#034;\u533a\u5206<br \/>\nsort file1 file2 \u6392\u5e8f\u4e24\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\nsort file1 file2 uniq<br \/>\nsort file1 file2 uniq -u<br \/>\nsort file1 file2 uniq -d<br \/>\ncomm -1 file1 file2 \u2f50\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9(\u53bb\u9664\u2019file1\u2019\u6240\u542b\u5185\u5bb9)<br \/>\ncomm -2 file1 file2 \u2f50\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9(\u53bb\u9664\u2019file2\u2019\u6240\u542b\u5185\u5bb9)<br \/>\ncomm -3 file1 file2 \u2f50\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9(\u53bb\u9664\u4e24\u2f42\u4ef6\u5171\u6709\u90e8\u5206) <\/p>\n<h5>\u4e09\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22<\/h5>\n<h6>8\u3001find \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>ind \/ -name file \u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\nfind \/ -user user1 \u641c\u7d22\u7528\u6237 user1 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\nfind \/dir -name *.bin \u5728\u76ee\u5f55\/dir \u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5e26\u6709 .bin \u540e\u7f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nfind \/ -name file1 \u4ece \u2018\/\u2019 \u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff09;<br \/>\nfind \/ -user user1 \u641c\u7d22\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7528\u6237 \u2018user1\u2019 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\nfind \/usr\/bin -type f -atime &#043;100 \u641c\u7d22\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb100\u5929\u5185\u672a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nfind \/usr\/bin -type f -mtime -10 \u641c\u7d22\u572810\u5929\u5185\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nfind . -regex &#039;.*\\\\(net\\\\|comm\\\\).*&#039; \u2018-regex\u2019 \u9009\u9879\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u540d&#xff0c;\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 net \u6216 comm \u7684\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nlocate *.mp4 \u5bfb\u627e .mp4\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nwhereis &lt;\u5173\u952e\u8bcd&gt; \u663e\u793a\u67d0\u2f06\u8fdb\u5236\u2f42\u4ef6\/\u53ef\u6267\u2f8f\u2f42\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84<br \/>\nwhereis halt \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6e90\u7801\u6216man\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<br \/>\nwhich &lt;\u5173\u952e\u8bcd&gt; \u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u2f6c\u5f55\u4e0b\u67d0\u7684\u2f06\u8fdb\u5236\u2f42\u4ef6<br \/>\nwhich halt \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84 <\/p>\n<h5>\u56db\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650 &#8211; \u4f7f\u7528 \u201c&#043;\u201d \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c-\u201d \u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88<\/h5>\n<h6>9\u3001chmod \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>ls -lh \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650<br \/>\nchmod 777 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650&#xff08;\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u9650&#xff09;<br \/>\nchmod ugo&#043;rwx dir \u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba(u)\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4(g)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba(o)\u4ee5\u8bfb&#xff08;r&#xff0c;4 &#xff09;\u3001\u5199(w&#xff0c;2)\u548c\u6267\u884c(x&#xff0c;1)\u7684\u6743\u9650<br \/>\nchmod go-rwx dir1 \u5220\u9664\u7fa4\u7ec4(g)\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba(o)\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<br \/>\nchmod u&#043;s \/bin\/file1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 SUID \u4f4d &#8211; \u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6743\u9650<br \/>\nchmod u-s \/bin\/file1&#096; \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 SUID\u4f4d<br \/>\nchmod g&#043;s \/home\/public \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684SGID \u4f4d &#8211; \u7c7b\u4f3cSUID &#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684<br \/>\nchmod g-s \/home\/public \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 SGID \u4f4d<br \/>\nchmod o&#043;t \/home\/public \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 STIKY \u4f4d &#8211; \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5408\u6cd5\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nchmod o-t \/home\/public \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 STIKY \u4f4d<br \/>\nchmod &#043;x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650<br \/>\nchmod -x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5220\u9664\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650<br \/>\nchmod u&#043;x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650<br \/>\nchmod g&#043;x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650<br \/>\nchmod o&#043;x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650<br \/>\nchmod ug&#043;x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650<br \/>\nchmod &#061;wx \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u53d6\u6d88\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<br \/>\nchmod ug&#061;wx \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u53d6\u6d88\u8bfb\u6743\u9650 <\/p>\n<h6>10\u3001chown \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>&#xff08;\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>chown user1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027<br \/>\nchown -R user1 dir1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<br \/>\nchown user1:group1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027 <\/p>\n<h6>11\u3001chgrp \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>&#xff08;\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>chgrp group1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4 <\/p>\n<h5>\u4e94\u3001\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406<\/h5>\n<h6>12\u3001grep \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>&#xff08;\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u82e5\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5c06\u8be5\u884c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765&#xff0c;\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u7ba1\u9053\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u7b5b\u9009\u52a0\u5de5\u7b49\u7b49&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>grep Aug \/var\/log\/messages \u5728\u6587\u4ef6 &#039;\/var\/log\/messages\u2019\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5173\u952e\u8bcd&#034;Aug&#034;<br \/>\ngrep ^Aug \/var\/log\/messages \u5728\u6587\u4ef6 &#039;\/var\/log\/messages\u2019\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4ee5&#034;Aug&#034;\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47<br \/>\ngrep [0-9] \/var\/log\/messages \u9009\u62e9 \u2018\/var\/log\/messages\u2019 \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u884c<br \/>\ngrep Aug -R \/var\/log\/* \u5728\u76ee\u5f55 \u2018\/var\/log\u2019 \u53ca\u968f\u540e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#034;Aug&#034;<br \/>\nsed &#039;s\/stringa1\/stringa2\/g&#039; example.txt \u5c06example.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 \u201cstring1\u201d \u66ff\u6362\u6210 \u201cstring2\u201d<br \/>\nsed &#039;\/^$\/d&#039; example.txt \u4eceexample.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u767d\u884c <\/p>\n<h6>13\u3001paste \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>paste file1 file2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u67e5\u770b\u4e24\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff09;<br \/>\npaste -d &#039;&#043;&#039; file1 file2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u4e2d\u95f4\u7528&#034;&#043;&#034;\u533a\u5206 <\/p>\n<h6>14\u3001sort \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>sort file1 file2 \u6392\u5e8f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\nsort file1 file2 | uniq \u53d6\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e76\u96c6(\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efd)<br \/>\nsort file1 file2 | uniq -u \u5220\u9664\u4ea4\u96c6&#xff0c;\u7559\u4e0b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u884c<br \/>\nsort file1 file2 | uniq -d \u53d6\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6(\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6) <\/p>\n<h6>15\u3001comm \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>comm -1 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664 \u2018file1\u2019 \u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\ncomm -2 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664 \u2018file2\u2019 \u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\ncomm -3 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u6709\u7684\u90e8 <\/p>\n<h5>\u516d\u3001\u6253\u5305\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n<h6>16\u3001tar \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5305&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u538b\u7f29&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u5b83\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u5982gzip\u548cbzip\u7b49&#xff09;\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u89e3\u538b&#xff09;\u63a8\u8350<\/p>\n<p>-c &#xff1a;\u65b0\u5efa\u6253\u5305\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n-t &#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u6253\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u542b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<br \/>\n-x &#xff1a;\u89e3\u6253\u5305\u6216\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d-C&#xff08;\u5927\u5199&#xff09;\u6307\u5b9a\u89e3\u538b\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u6ce8\u610f-c,-t,-x\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d<br \/>\n-j &#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7bzip2\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u7f29<br \/>\n-z &#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7gzip\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u7f29<br \/>\n-v &#xff1a;\u5728\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5c06\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765<br \/>\n-f filename &#xff1a;filename\u4e3a\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n-C dir &#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u76ee\u5f55dir<br \/>\n\u538b\u7f29&#xff1a;tar -jcv -f filename.tar.bz2 \u8981\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u79f0<br \/>\n\u67e5\u8be2&#xff1a;tar -jtv -f filename.tar.bz2<br \/>\n\u89e3\u538b&#xff1a;tar -jxv -f filename.tar.bz2 -C \u6b32\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\nbunzip2 file1.bz2 \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a &#039;file1.bz2\u2019\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nbzip2 file1 \u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a \u2018file1\u2019 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\ngunzip file1.gz \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a &#039;file1.gz\u2019\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\ngzip file1 \u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a &#039;file1\u2019\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\ngzip -9 file1 \u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u538b\u7f29<br \/>\nrar a file1.rar test_file \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a \u2018file1.rar\u2019 \u7684\u5305<br \/>\nrar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1 \u540c\u65f6\u538b\u7f29 \u2018file1\u2019, \u2018file2\u2019 \u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55 \u2018dir1\u2019<br \/>\nrar x file1.rar \u89e3\u538brar\u5305<br \/>\nzip file1.zip file1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<br \/>\nunzip file1.zip \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u538b\u7f29\u5305<br \/>\nzip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 \u5c06\u51e0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u65f6\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305 <\/p>\n<h5>\u4e03\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<h6>17\u3001ps \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u53d6\u4e0b\u6765\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;process\u4e4b\u610f<\/p>\n<p>-A &#xff1a;\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5747\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765<br \/>\n-a &#xff1a;\u4e0d\u4e0eterminal\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\n-u &#xff1a;\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\n-x &#xff1a;\u4e00\u822c\u4e0ea\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u53ef\u5217\u51fa\u8f83\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<br \/>\n-l &#xff1a;\u8f83\u957f&#xff0c;\u8f83\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u5c06PID\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5217\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>ps -ef # \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br \/>\nps aux # \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u636e<br \/>\nps ax # \u67e5\u770b\u4e0d\u4e0eterminal\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\nps -lA # \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u636e<br \/>\nps axjf # \u67e5\u770b\u8fde\u540c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6811\u72b6\u6001<br \/>\npstree -aup # \u67e5\u770b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6811\u6869\u7ed3\u6784\u663e\u793a<br \/>\nnetstat -lntp # \u67e5\u770b\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7<\/p>\n<h6>18\u3001kill \u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>kill -9 pid &#xff08;-9\u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u5236\u5173\u95ed&#xff09;<br \/>\nkill -9 \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u540d\u5b57<br \/>\nkill &#8211;<br \/>\npkill \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u540d\u5b57 <\/p>\n<h6>19\u3001Vim \u4e0b\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h6>\n<p>x,X : \u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d&#xff0c;x\u4e3a\u5411\u540e\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff08;\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8edel\u952e&#xff09;&#xff0c;X\u4e3a\u5411\u524d\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff08;\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8ebackspace\u952e&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>dd : \u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u6240\u5728\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u6574\u884c<\/p>\n<p>ndd : n \u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4ece\u5149\u6807\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u5220\u9664\u5411\u4e0bn\u5217<\/p>\n<p>yy : \u590d\u5236\u5149\u6807\u6240\u5728\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u884c<\/p>\n<p>nyy : n\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u590d\u5236\u5149\u6807\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5411\u4e0bn\u884c<\/p>\n<p>p,P : p \u4e3a\u5c06\u5df2\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c98\u8d34\u5230\u5149\u6807\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c&#xff0c;P\u5219\u4e3a\u8d34\u5728\u5149\u6807\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u884c<\/p>\n<p>u : \u590d\u539f\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p>CTRL &#043; r : \u91cd\u505a\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9 \u2018.\u2019&#xff1a;\u91cd\u590d\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p>:set number :\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u884c\u6807\u53f7<\/p>\n<p>:n1,n2 m n3 \u79fb\u52a8n1-n2\u884c(\u5305\u62ecn1,n2)\u5230n3\u884c\u4e4b\u4e0b<\/p>\n<p>:n1,n2 co n3 \u590d\u5236n1-n2\u884c(\u5305\u62ecn1,n2)\u5230n3\u884c\u4e4b\u4e0b<\/p>\n<p>:n1,n2 d \u5220\u9664n1-n2\u884c(\u5305\u62ecn1,n2)\u884c <\/p>\n<h5>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<h6>\u5173\u673a\u3001\u6ce8\u9500\u3001\u91cd\u542f<\/h6>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7&#xff1a;netstat -tunlp|grep \u7aef\u53e3\u53f7<br \/>\nss -tnl  \u67e5\u770b\u6b63\u5728\u5df2\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7aef\u53e3<br \/>\nshutdown -h now \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(1) \u5373\u523b\u5173\u673a<br \/>\nshutdown -h 10 10\u5206\u949f\u540e\u5173\u673a<br \/>\nshutdown -h 11:00  11:00 \u5173\u673a<br \/>\nshutdown -h &#043;10 \u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u673a&#xff08;10\u5206\u949f\u540e\u5173\u673a&#xff09;<br \/>\nshutdown -c  \u53d6\u6d88\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u673a<br \/>\nshutdown -f now \u91cd\u542f<br \/>\nshutdown -r 10  10\u5206\u949f\u540e\u91cd\u542f<br \/>\nshutdown -r 11:00   \u5b9a\u65f6\u91cd\u542f<br \/>\nreboot \u91cd\u542f<br \/>\ninit 6 \u91cd\u542f<br \/>\ninit 0 \u5373\u523b\u5173\u673a<br \/>\ntelinit 0 \u5173\u673a<br \/>\npoweroff   \u7acb\u523b\u5173\u673a<br \/>\nhalt \u5173\u673a<br \/>\nsync  buff\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u78c1\u76d8<br \/>\nlogout \u9000\u51fa\u767b\u5f55Shell<br \/>\ntime \u6d4b\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u5373\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff09;\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<h6>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u67e5\u770b<\/h6>\n<p># \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<br \/>\nlsb_release -a<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\/OS\/CPU\u4fe1\u606f<br \/>\nuname -a<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c<br \/>\nuname -r<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784<br \/>\nuname -m<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784<br \/>\narch<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u79f0<br \/>\nhostname<br \/>\n# \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237<br \/>\nwho<br \/>\n# \u663e\u793a\u767b\u9646\u65f6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d<br \/>\nwho am i<br \/>\n# \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u540d<br \/>\nwhoami<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b linux \u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<br \/>\ncat \/proc\/version<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b CPU \u4fe1\u606f<br \/>\ncat \/proc\/cpuinfo<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u4e2d\u65ad<br \/>\ncat \/proc\/interrupts<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d<br \/>\ncat \/proc\/loadavg<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7528\u6237\u6570\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d<br \/>\nuptime<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4fbf\u4ee4<br \/>\nenv<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edfPCI\u8bbe\u5907\u4fe1\u606f<br \/>\nlspci -tv<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u5757<br \/>\nlsmod<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u603b\u91cf<br \/>\ngrep MemTotal \/proc\/meminfo<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u91cf<br \/>\ngrep MemFree \/proc\/meminfo<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u7528\u91cf\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u533a\u7528\u91cf<br \/>\nfree -m<br \/>\n# \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4<br \/>\ndate<br \/>\n# \u663e\u793a2021\u65e5\u5386\u8868<br \/>\ncal 2021<br \/>\n# \u52a8\u6001\u663e\u793acpu\/\u5185\u5b58\/\u8fdb\u7a0b\u60c5\u51b5<br \/>\ntop<br \/>\n# \u6bcf1\u79d2\u91c7\u4e00\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u91c720\u6b21<br \/>\nvmstat 1 20<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770bio\u8bfb\u5199\/cpu\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<br \/>\niostat<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b cpu \u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff08;1\u79d21\u6b21&#xff0c;\u517110\u6b21&#xff09;<br \/>\nsar -u 1 10<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u8be2\u78c1\u76d8\u6027\u80fd<br \/>\nsar -d 1 10<\/p>\n<p># \u627e\u51fa\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u6700\u591a\u7684\u524d 10 \u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\nps -auxf | sort -nr -k 4 | head -10<br \/>\n# \u627e\u51fa\u5360\u7528 CPU \u8d44\u6e90\u6700\u591a\u7684\u524d 10 \u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\nps -auxf | sort -nr -k 3 | head -10<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b cpu \u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<br \/>\nps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%cpu,%mem &#8211;sort&#061;-%cpu | head<\/p>\n<h6>\u78c1\u76d8\u548c\u5206\u533a<\/h6>\n<p># \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u5c5e\u6709\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a<br \/>\nfdisk -l<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a<br \/>\nswapon -s<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u53ca\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<br \/>\ndf -h<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u53ca\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<br \/>\ndf -hl<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f<br \/>\ndu -sh \/dir<br \/>\n# \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u5e95\u4f9d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f<br \/>\ndu -sk * | sort -rn<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58<br \/>\nfree -h<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770bCPUs<br \/>\ncat \/proc\/cpuinfo<\/p>\n<p># \u6302\u5728hda2\u76d8<br \/>\nmount \/dev\/hda2 \/mnt\/hda2<br \/>\n# \u6307\u5b9a\u2f42\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\u6302\u8f7d&#xff08;\u5982ntfs&#xff09;<br \/>\nmount -t ntfs \/dev\/sdc1 \/mnt\/usbhd1<br \/>\n# \u6302\u8f7diso\u2f42\u4ef6<br \/>\nmount -o loop xxx.iso \/mnt\/cdrom<br \/>\n# \u6302\u8f7dusb\u76d8\/\u95ea\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907<br \/>\nmount \/dev\/sda1 \/mnt\/usbdisk<br \/>\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u5378\u8f7d<br \/>\numount -v \/dev\/sda1<br \/>\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u5378\u8f7d<br \/>\numount -v \/mnt\/mymnt<br \/>\n# \u5f3a\u5236\u5378\u8f7d(\u614e\u2f64)<br \/>\nfuser -km \/mnt\/hda1<\/p>\n<h6>\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/h6>\n<p># \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<br \/>\nuseradd ss<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237<br \/>\ncut -d: -f1 \/etc\/passwd<br \/>\n# \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<br \/>\nuserdel -r ss<br \/>\n# \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<br \/>\ngroupadd group_name<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u7ec4<br \/>\ncut -d: -f1 \/etc\/group<br \/>\n# \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<br \/>\ngroupdel group_name<br \/>\n# \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7ec4<br \/>\nusermod -g group_name user_name<br \/>\n# \u5c06\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7ec4<br \/>\nusermod -aG group_name user_name<br \/>\n# \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237 ss \u7684\u767b\u5f55 Shell\u3001\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<br \/>\nusermod -s \/bin\/ksh -d \/home\/codepig \u2013g dev ss<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b ss \u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7ec4<br \/>\ngroups ss<br \/>\n# \u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u73af\u5883<br \/>\nsu user_name<br \/>\n# \u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4<br \/>\npasswd<br \/>\n# \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<br \/>\npasswd ss<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6d3b\u52a8<br \/>\nw<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237 ss \u7684\u4fe1\u606f<br \/>\nid ss<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7<br \/>\nlast<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1<br \/>\ncrontab -l<\/p>\n<h6>\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406<\/h6>\n<p># \u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c5e\u6027<br \/>\nifconfig<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u914d\u7f6e<br \/>\nifconfig eth0<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u8def\u7531\u8868<br \/>\nroute -n<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u2f1d<br \/>\nnetstat -lntp<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5<br \/>\nnetstat -antp<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770bTCP\/UDP\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f<br \/>\nnetstat -lutp<br \/>\n# \u542f\u2f64eth0\u2f79\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907<br \/>\nifup eth0<br \/>\n# \u7981\u2f64eth0\u2f79\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907<br \/>\nifdown eth0<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770biptables\u89c4\u5219<br \/>\niptables -L<br \/>\n# \u914d\u7f6eip\u5730\u5740<br \/>\nifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0<br \/>\n# \u4ee5dhcp\u6a21\u5f0f\u542f\u2f64eth0<br \/>\ndhclient eth0<br \/>\n# \u914d\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u2f79\u5173<br \/>\nroute add -net 0\/0 gw Gateway_IP<br \/>\n# \u914d\u7f6e\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u5230\u8fbe\u2f79\u7edc&#039;192.168.0.0\/16&#039;<br \/>\nroute add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1<br \/>\n# \u5220\u9664\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531<br \/>\nroute del 0\/0 gw Gateway_IP<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<br \/>\nhostname<br \/>\n# \u89e3\u6790\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<br \/>\nhost \u4e3b\u673a\u540d  \u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;host www.baidu.com<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u8be2DNS\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff0c;\u67e5\u770b\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38<br \/>\nnslookup \u4e3b\u673a\u540d  \u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;nslookup wwww.baidu.com<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\nps -ef<br \/>\n# \u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\nps -ef|grep redis<br \/>\n# kill\u6307\u5b9a\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\nkill -s name<br \/>\n# kill\u6307\u5b9apid\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<br \/>\nkill -s pid<\/p>\n<h6>\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f<\/h6>\n<p># \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u603b\u5927\u5c0f<br \/>\ndu -sh<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f<br \/>\ndu -sh *<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\ndu -ach *<br \/>\ndu -h \u2013max-depth&#061;0 *<br \/>\n# \u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u663e\u793a\u5c42\u6b21\u6df1\u5ea6<br \/>\ndu -h &#8211;max-depth&#061;0<\/p>\n<h6>CentOS\u67e5\u770b\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f\u670d\u52a1<\/h6>\n<p># \u67e5\u770b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u81ea\u542f\u670d\u52a1<br \/>\nsystemctl list-unit-files &#8211;type service | grep enabled<br \/>\n# \u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\u72b6\u6001<br \/>\nsystemctl list-unit-files &#8211;type service |grep service_name<br \/>\n# \u542f\u52a8&#xff08;\u5173\u95ed&#xff0c;\u91cd\u542f&#xff0c;\u67e5\u770b&#xff09;\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1<br \/>\n# centos6<br \/>\nservice service_name &#xff08;start|stop|restart|status&#xff09;<br \/>\n# centos7<br \/>\nsystemctl (start|stop|restart|status) service_name<\/p>\n<p># \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\u6216\u8005\u5173\u95ed\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1<br \/>\n# centos6<br \/>\n\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8&#xff1a;chkconfig &#8211;add service_name  \u6216\u8005  chkconfig  service_name  on<br \/>\n\u5f00\u673a\u5173\u95ed&#xff1a;chkconfig  &#8211;del   service_name  \u6216\u8005  chkconfig  service_name  off<br \/>\n# centos7<br \/>\n\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8&#xff1a;systemctl enable service_name<br \/>\n\u5f00\u673a\u5173\u95ed&#xff1a;systemctl disable service_name<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u53c2\u8003\u5176\u5b83\u6587\u7ae0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb1.5w\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e29\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf195\u6b21\u3002\uff08\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u8be5\u884c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u7ba1\u9053\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u7b5b\u9009\u52a0\u5de5\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5305\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982gzip\u548cbzip\u7b49\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u89e3\u538b\uff09\u63a8\u8350\u3002\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u4e0e more \u548c less \u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0ccopy\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5730\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u8981\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff09_linux\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,43,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-8992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-linux","tag-43","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Linux \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u6700\u5168\u603b\u7ed3 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/8992.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u6700\u5168\u603b\u7ed3 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb1.5w\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e29\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf195\u6b21\u3002\uff08\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u8be5\u884c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u7ba1\u9053\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u7b5b\u9009\u52a0\u5de5\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5305\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982gzip\u548cbzip\u7b49\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u89e3\u538b\uff09\u63a8\u8350\u3002\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u4e0e more \u548c less \u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0ccopy\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5730\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u8981\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff09_linux\u547d\u4ee4\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/8992.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-18T09:07:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/8992.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/8992.html\",\"name\":\"Linux \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u6700\u5168\u603b\u7ed3 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-18T09:07:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-18T09:07:41+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/8992.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/8992.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/8992.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9875\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Linux 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