\n| N \u53f0 \u2192 N+1 \u53f0<\/td>\n | \u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5<\/td>\n | \u7ea6 N\/(N+1) \u7684 key \u5168\u90e8\u5931\u6548<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8fc1\u79fb，\u7f13\u5b58\u96ea\u5d29\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n 1\u3001\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7a7a\u95f4（\u6bd4\u5982 0 ~ 2\u00b3\u00b2-1）\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\u7684\u5706\u73af<\/p>\n 2\u3001\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8282\u70b9\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u73af\u4e0a，\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8282\u70b9（\u7528 IP\u3001ID \u7b49\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6）\u505a\u54c8\u5e0c，\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u843d\u5728\u73af\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n 3\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53bb\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668：\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684 key \u4e5f\u505a\u54c8\u5e0c，\u843d\u5728\u73af\u4e0a\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u7136\u540e\u987a\u65f6\u9488\u627e，\u9047\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u589e\u5220\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9，\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8fc1\u79fb 1\/N \u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n \u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9，\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u503e\u659c<\/p>\n \u8282\u70b9\u592a\u5c11\u65f6\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747，\u6bd4\u5982\u4e09\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6324\u5728\u4e00\u8d77，\u5927\u90e8\u5206 key \u90fd\u843d\u5230 NodeA \u4e0a\u4e86 ，\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u503e\u659c\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e0d\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u53ea\u6620\u5c04\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9，\u800c\u662f\u6620\u5c04\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u767e\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u70b9，\u589e\u5220\u65f6\u5f71\u54cd\u5206\u6563\u5728\u73af\u7684\u5404\u5904，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u96c6\u4e2d\u51b2\u51fb\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9<\/p>\n \u4ee3\u7801\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n #include <iostream>
\n#include <map>
\n#include <string>
\n#include <functional><\/p>\n \/**
\n * @brief \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c\u73af（\u5e26\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9）
\n *
\n * \u539f\u7406：
\n * – \u7528 std::map \u7ef4\u62a4"\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c \u2192 \u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u540d"\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6620\u5c04（\u6a21\u62df\u54c8\u5e0c\u73af）
\n * – \u6bcf\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u591a\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9，\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u73af\u4e0a
\n * – \u67e5\u627e key \u65f6，\u627e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a >= key\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c \u7684\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9
\n * – \u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230（key \u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u540e），\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9（\u73af\u7684\u7279\u6027）
\n *\/
\nclass ConsistentHash {
\npublic:
\n \/**
\n * @brief \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
\n * @param virtual_node_count \u6bcf\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf
\n *\/
\n explicit ConsistentHash(int virtual_node_count = 150)
\n : virtual_node_count_(virtual_node_count) {}<\/p>\n \/**
\n * @brief \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9
\n * @param node \u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u6807\u8bc6（\u5982 IP\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d）
\n *
\n * \u4e3a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u751f\u6210 virtual_node_count_ \u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9，\u5168\u90e8\u52a0\u5165\u54c8\u5e0c\u73af
\n *\/
\n void addNode(const std::string& node) {
\n for (int i = 0; i < virtual_node_count_; ++i) {
\n \/\/ \u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9 key = "\u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9#\u5e8f\u53f7"，\u518d\u54c8\u5e0c
\n std::string virtual_key = node + "#" + std::to_string(i);
\n size_t hash = std::hash<std::string>{}(virtual_key);
\n hash_ring_[hash] = node;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n \/**
\n * @brief \u79fb\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9
\n * @param node \u8981\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u6807\u8bc6
\n *
\n * \u628a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6240\u6709\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\u54c8\u5e0c\u73af\u4e0a\u5220\u6389
\n *\/
\n void removeNode(const std::string& node) {
\n for (int i = 0; i < virtual_node_count_; ++i) {
\n std::string virtual_key = node + "#" + std::to_string(i);
\n size_t hash = std::hash<std::string>{}(virtual_key);
\n hash_ring_.erase(hash);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n \/**
\n * @brief \u6839\u636e key \u627e\u5230\u5e94\u8be5\u53bb\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9
\n * @param key \u6570\u636e\u7684 key
\n * @return \u76ee\u6807\u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u540d；\u73af\u4e3a\u7a7a\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\n *
\n * \u6838\u5fc3\u67e5\u627e\u903b\u8f91：
\n * 1. \u5bf9 key \u505a\u54c8\u5e0c
\n * 2. \u5728\u6709\u5e8f map \u4e2d\u627e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a >= key\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c \u7684\u8282\u70b9（lower_bound）
\n * 3. \u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5c31\u8fd4\u56de；\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u672b\u5c3e，\u7ed5\u56de\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9
\n *\/
\n std::string getNode(const std::string& key) const {
\n if (hash_ring_.empty()) {
\n return "";
\n }<\/p>\n size_t key_hash = std::hash<std::string>{}(key);<\/p>\n \/\/ lower_bound: \u627e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a >= key_hash \u7684\u5143\u7d20
\n auto it = hash_ring_.lower_bound(key_hash);<\/p>\n if (it == hash_ring_.end()) {
\n \/\/ \u7ed5\u56de\u73af\u7684\u8d77\u70b9
\n it = hash_ring_.begin();
\n }<\/p>\n return it->second; \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u540d
\n }<\/p>\n \/**
\n * @brief \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570（\u8c03\u8bd5\u7528）
\n *\/
\n size_t size() const {
\n return hash_ring_.size();
\n }<\/p>\n private:
\n int virtual_node_count_; \/\/\/< \u6bcf\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9\u6570<\/p>\n \/**
\n * \u54c8\u5e0c\u73af：\u6709\u5e8f map，key = \u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c，value = \u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u540d
\n * \u7528 std::map（\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811）\u4fdd\u6301\u6709\u5e8f，\u65b9\u4fbf lower_bound \u67e5\u627e
\n *\/
\n std::map<size_t, std::string> hash_ring_;
\n};<\/p>\n \/\/ ============ \u6d4b\u8bd5 ============
\nint main() {
\n ConsistentHash ch(200); \/\/ \u6bcf\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9 200 \u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9<\/p>\n \/\/ \u52a0 3 \u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n ch.addNode("192.168.1.10");
\n ch.addNode("192.168.1.11");
\n ch.addNode("192.168.1.12");<\/p>\n std::cout << "\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570: " << ch.size() << std::endl; \/\/ 600<\/p>\n \/\/ \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e9b key \u843d\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9
\n std::string keys[] = {"user:1", "user:2", "user:3", "order:100", "product:50"};<\/p>\n std::cout << "\\\\n=== 3 \u53f0\u8282\u70b9\u65f6 ===" << std::endl;
\n for (const auto& k : keys) {
\n std::cout << k << " \u2192 " << ch.getNode(k) << std::endl;
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/ \u52a0\u4e00\u53f0\u65b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n ch.addNode("192.168.1.13");
\n std::cout << "\\\\n=== 4 \u53f0\u8282\u70b9\u65f6 ===" << std::endl;
\n for (const auto& k : keys) {
\n std::cout << k << " \u2192 " << ch.getNode(k) << std::endl;
\n }<\/p>\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n \u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n1. \u7f13\u5b58\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n Redis\u3001Memcached \u7b49\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7f13\u5b58，\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u5927\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6563\u5217\u8868，key-value \u5b58\u50a8，O (1) \u8bfb\u5199，\u662f\u540e\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u6807\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n \u672c\u5730\u7f13\u5b58（Guava Cache\u3001Caffeine）\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6563\u5217\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n 2. \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u5bb9\u5668<\/p>\n \u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u6d41\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u5178 \/ \u6620\u5c04\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u662f\u6563\u5217\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n \n- C++：unordered_map\u3001unordered_set（\u94fe\u5730\u5740\u6cd5）<\/li>\n
- Java：HashMap\u3001HashSet（\u94fe\u5730\u5740\u6cd5 + \u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4f18\u5316）<\/li>\n
- Python：dict\u3001set（\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u6cd5）<\/li>\n
- Go：map（\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u6cd5\u53d8\u79cd）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n MySQL \u7684 Memory \u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u652f\u6301\u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15，\u7b49\u503c\u67e5\u8be2 O (1)，\u6bd4 B+ \u6811\u8fd8\u5feb；\u4f46\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u6392\u5e8f，\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n Redis \u7684\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406，\u5168\u90e8\u57fa\u4e8e\u6563\u5217\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n 4. \u53bb\u91cd\u4e0e\u8ba1\u6570<\/p>\n \u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u53bb\u91cd\u3001\u8bcd\u9891\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u7528\u6237 UV \u7edf\u8ba1，\u90fd\u662f\u6563\u5217\u8868\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5e94\u7528：<\/p>\n \n- \u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790：\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570<\/li>\n
- \u722c\u866b：URL \u53bb\u91cd，\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u722c\u53d6<\/li>\n
- \u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf：\u7528\u6237\u5386\u53f2\u884c\u4e3a\u53bb\u91cd，\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u63a8\u8350<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
5. \u8def\u7531\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/p>\n Nginx\u3001API \u7f51\u5173\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5339\u914d，\u7528\u6563\u5217\u8868\u5feb\u901f\u6839\u636e URL \u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1；<\/p>\n \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u540c\u4e00\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u843d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n 6. \u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\u5668<\/p>\n \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8868，\u7528\u6563\u5217\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5230\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6620\u5c04，\u67e5\u627e\u6781\u5feb，\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u7c7b\u6563\u5217\u8868（Hash Table，\u4e5f\u53eb\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868），\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4：\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u628a key \u6620\u5c04\u6210\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0b\u6807，\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u4e0b\u6807\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20，\u628a\u67e5\u627e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece O (n) \u964d\u5230\u5e73\u5747 O (1)\u3002
\n\u6838\u5fc3\u672f\u8bed
\n\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570：\u628a\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684 key，\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0b\u6807\u7684\u51fd\u6570，\u8bb0\u4e3a hash(key) index\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81：\u4e24\u4e2a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3520,2872,1813],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-89751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-3520","tag-2872","tag-1813"],"yoast_head":"\n \u5341\u4e8c.\u6563\u5217\u8868 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89751.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u5341\u4e8c.\u6563\u5217\u8868 - 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