{"id":89033,"date":"2026-08-02T09:48:40","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T01:48:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89033.html"},"modified":"2026-08-02T09:48:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T01:48:40","slug":"linux-%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%ef%bc%9a%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89033.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u5e38\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u547d\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\n

ip addr<\/p>\n

ping<\/p>\n

netstat<\/p>\n

pidof<\/p>\n

telnet\u00a0<\/p>\n

nc<\/p>\n

\n

ip addr<\/h2>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5
\nip addr
\n\u7b80\u5199
\nip a <\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u7528：\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u673a\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3（\u7f51\u5361）\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001MAC \u5730\u5740\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

ip a
\n1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
\n link\/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
\n inet 127.0.0.1\/8 scope host lo
\n valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
\n2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
\n link\/ether 00:16:3e:3f:84:21 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
\n inet 172.24.45.36\/18 brd 172.24.63.255 scope global dynamic eth0
\n valid_lft 1889049998sec preferred_lft 1889049998sec<\/p>\n

lo \u548c eth0 \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

lo ：\u56de\u73af\u63a5\u53e3，\u4e5f\u53eb loopback\u3002\u5b83\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740：127.0.0.1 （\u8be5 IP \u5730\u5740\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740<\/span>）<\/p>\n

\u7279\u70b9：\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b：
\n\u4f60\u7684\u673a\u5668：<\/p>\n

\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n |
\n127.0.0.1
\n |
\n\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5185\u90e8\u8f6c\u53d1 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，\u901a\u5e38\u5148\u7528 127.0.0.1 IP \u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

eth0：\u771f\u5b9e\u7f51\u5361\u3002<\/p>\n

IP \u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

inet 172.24.45.36 \u8868\u793a\u6211\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

MAC \u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

link\/ether 00:16:3e:3f:84:21 \u8868\u793a\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8865\u5145<\/p>\n

ifconfig(\u8001\u547d\u4ee4) \u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e ip a \u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u770b IPv4:
\nip -4 addr<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361
\nip a show eth0 <\/p>\n

ping<\/h2>\n

\u6700\u5e38\u7528：
\nping www.baidu.com<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u7528：\u6d4b\u8bd5\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u8fde\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n

ping www.baidu.com
\nPING www.a.shifen.com (220.181.111.232) 56(84) bytes of data.
\n64 bytes from 220.181.111.232 (220.181.111.232): icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=3.57 ms
\n64 bytes from 220.181.111.232 (220.181.111.232): icmp_seq=2 ttl=51 time=3.57 ms
\n64 bytes from 220.181.111.232 (220.181.111.232): icmp_seq=3 ttl=51 time=3.58 ms
\n^C
\n— www.a.shifen.com ping statistics —
\n3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
\nrtt min\/avg\/max\/mdev = 3.570\/3.576\/3.584\/0.005 ms <\/p>\n

time：\u8868\u793a\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4，\u5373 \u8bf7\u6c42\u51fa\u53bb + \u54cd\u5e94\u56de\u6765 \u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

Linux \u9ed8\u8ba4 ping \u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u9700\u8981 Ctrl + C \u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n

ping -c \u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u53d1\u9001\u6b21\u6570<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b：
\nping -c 3 www.baidu.com
\nPING www.a.shifen.com (220.181.111.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
\n64 bytes from 220.181.111.1 (220.181.111.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=3.21 ms
\n64 bytes from 220.181.111.1 (220.181.111.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=3.20 ms
\n64 bytes from 220.181.111.1 (220.181.111.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=52 time=3.18 ms<\/p>\n

— www.a.shifen.com ping statistics —
\n3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
\nrtt min\/avg\/max\/mdev = 3.182\/3.199\/3.214\/0.066 ms <\/p>\n

netstat<\/h2>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5
\nnetstat [\u9009\u9879]<\/p>\n

\u6700\u5e38\u7528：
\nnetstat -aunp
\nnetstat -atnp
\nnetstat -alnp<\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd：\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n

\u9009\u9879：<\/p>\n

n: \u80fd\u663e\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57<\/p>\n

l: \u4ec5\u5217\u51fa\u5728 listen \u72b6\u6001\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

p: \u663e\u793a\u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u5173\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\u548cPID<\/p>\n

t: \u4ec5\u663e\u793a tcp \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

u: \u4ec5\u663e\u793a udp \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

a: \u663e\u793a\u672c\u4e3b\u673a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

netstat -ltnp
\n(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
\n will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
\nActive Internet connections (only servers)
\nProto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID\/Program name
\ntcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14258\/.\/server
\ntcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN –
\ntcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:45243 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13991\/node
\ntcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN – <\/p>\n

netstat -aunp
\n(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
\n will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
\nActive Internet connections (servers and established)
\nProto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID\/Program name
\nudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* –
\nudp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* –
\nudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* 14784\/.\/server
\nudp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* – <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u8865\u5145<\/p>\n

watch \u547d\u4ee4
\n\u529f\u80fd：\u5b9a\u65f6\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4，\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u5237\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b：
\n\u6bcf\u9694 1 s\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21 netstat -ltnp
\nwatch -n 1 netstat -ltnp<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316，\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa watch \u4f1a\u5b9e\u65bd\u5237\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n

pidof<\/h2>\n

\u529f\u80fd：\u901a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\u79f0，\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b PID\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d，\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b PID \u3002<\/p>\n

ps axj | head -1 && ps axj | grep tcp_server
\n PPID PID PGID SID TTY TPGID STAT UID TIME COMMAND
\n14694 14981 14981 14694 pts\/5 14981 S+ 1001 0:00 .\/tcp_server 8080<\/p>\n

pidof tcp_server
\n14981 <\/p>\n

\u8865\u5145<\/p>\n

\u6740\u6b7b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b
\npidof tcp_server | xargs kill -9<\/p>\n

telnet\u00a0<\/h2>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5
\ntelnet IP \u7aef\u53e3 <\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd：telnet \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684 TCP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5 TCP \u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

Centos \u5b89\u88c5:<\/p>\n

sudo yum install -y telnet<\/p>\n

Ubuntu \u5b89\u88c5:<\/p>\n

apt yum install -y telnet
\n\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u7684\u793a\u4f8b：
\ntelnet 127.0.0.1 8080
\nTrying 127.0.0.1…
\nConnected to 127.0.0.1.
\nEscape character is '^]'.<\/p>\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u793a\u4f8b:
\ntelnet 127.0.0.1 8080
\nTrying 127.0.0.1…
\ntelnet: connect to address 127.0.0.1: Connection refused<\/p>\n

telnet 127.0.0.1 8080
\nTrying 127.0.0.1…
\nConnected to 127.0.0.1.
\nEscape character is '^]'.
\n^]
\ntelnet> quit<\/p>\n

\u9000\u51fa telnet \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n

Ctrl + ] -> \u8fdb\u5165 telnet>
\n\u8f93\u5165 quit <\/p>\n

nc<\/h2>\n

\u7406\u89e3：nc \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e07\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u5177，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5f53 TCP\/UDP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5f53 TCP\/UDP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u7528：<\/p>\n

\u6d4b\u8bd5 TCP \u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

\u6d4b\u8bd5 UDP \u901a\u4fe1<\/p>\n

\u4e34\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n

\u4e34\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5:
\nnc [\u53c2\u6570] IP \u7aef\u53e3
\n\u7528\u6cd5：TCP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef
\n\u793a\u4f8b：Echo TCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f，\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5e76\u56de\u590d\u6d88\u606f
\nnc 127.0.0.1 8080
\nhello
\nserver say# hello
\nworld
\nserver say# world<\/p>\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25
\nnc 127.0.0.1 8080
\nNcat: Connection refused.<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6cd5: TCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n\u793a\u4f8b：\u8ba9 nc \u76d1\u542c\u4e00\u4e2a TCP \u7aef\u53e3
\nnc -l 8080
\n\u5176\u4e2d "-l" \u8868\u793a listen \u76d1\u542c<\/p>\n

\u670d\u52a1\u5668
\nnc -l 8080
\nhello
\npwd<\/p>\n

\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef
\nnc 127.0.0.1 8080
\nhello
\npwd<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u65f6，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u6d88\u606f，\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u6d88\u606f，\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 TCP \u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1
\nUDP \u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n

\u542f\u52a8 UDP \u670d\u52a1:
\nnc -u -l 8888
\n\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 -l \u4e0d\u662f\u76d1\u542c，\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8ba9 nc \u8fdb\u5165\u7b49\u5f85\u63a5\u6536\u6a21\u5f0f socket() + bind() + recvfrom() \u7b49\u5f85\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef:
\nnc -u 127.0.0.1 8888<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u65f6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u6d88\u606f，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u6d88\u606f，\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 UDP \u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55 ip addr
\nping
\nnetstat
\npidof
\ntelnet\u00a0
\nnc ip addr
\n\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5
\nip addr
\n\u7b80\u5199
\nip a
\n\u4f5c\u7528：\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u673a\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3（\u7f51\u5361）\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001MAC \u5730\u5740\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\nip a
\n1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link\/l<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":89031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,43,78],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-89033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-linux","tag-43","tag-78"],"yoast_head":"\nLinux \u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u5e38\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u547d\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89033.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u5e38\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u547d\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u76ee\u5f55 ip addr ping netstat pidof telnet\u00a0 nc ip addr \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5 ip addr \u7b80\u5199 ip a \u4f5c\u7528：\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u673a\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3（\u7f51\u5361）\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001MAC \u5730\u5740\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 ip a 1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link\/l\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89033.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-02T01:48:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260802014838-6a6ea1f6b1b48.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89033.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/89033.html\",\"name\":\"Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u5e38\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u547d\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3 - 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