{"id":8889,"date":"2025-04-18T17:02:27","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T09:02:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/8889.html"},"modified":"2025-04-18T17:02:27","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T09:02:27","slug":"%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e6%96%87%e6%9c%ac%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4cat-tacmore-lesshead-tail-%e6%96%87%e6%9c%ac%e5%86%85%e5%ae%b9%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4cut-sort-uniq-wc-jo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/8889.html","title":{"rendered":"\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e38\u7528\u6587\u672c\u547d\u4ee4cat\/tac,more\/less,head\/tail \u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4cut\/sort\/uniq\/wc\/join\/tr \u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u9500\u7edf\u8ba1\u547d\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3\u53ca\u793a\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u672c\u67e5\u770b\u5e38\u7528\u516d\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4cat\/tac,more\/less,head\/tail\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879<\/h2>\n

1: \u67e5\u770b\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6:\u6b63\u5411\u67e5\u770b\/\u53cd\u5411\u67e5\u770b<\/h3>\n

cat:cat\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6，\u6587\u4ef6\u8f83\u5927\u65f6，\u6587\u672c\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u8fc5\u901f\u95ea\u8fc7（\u6eda\u5c4f），\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u770b\u4e0d\u6e05\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u6eda\u5c4f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309Ctrl+S\u952e，\u505c\u6b62\u6eda\u5c4f；\u6309Ctrl+Q\u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u6eda\u5c4f,\u4e00\u822c\u7528more\u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u5c4f\u663e\u793a.\u53e6\u5916cat\u8fd8\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5408\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 -n\u6216-number：\u5e26\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\u663e\u793a；\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 -b\u6216–number-nonblank：\u548c-n\u76f8\u4f3c，\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\u4e0d\u7f16\u53f7 \u00a0 \u00a0 -s\u6216–squeeze-blank：\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u6709\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u884c，\u5c31\u4ee3\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u884c \u00a0 \u00a0 -A：\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26，\u884c\u5c3e\u663e\u793a\u201c$\u201d\u3002–show-all \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e -vET\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 -E \u663e\u793a\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26（LINUX\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u4e3a$\u7b26，WINDOWS\u4e3a$\u7b26\u548c\u6362\u884c\u7b26（\u56de\u8f66\u7b26） \u00a0 \u00a0 -T, –show-tabs \u5c06\u8df3 \u5b57\u7b26\u663e\u793a\u4e3a ^I \u00a0 \u00a0 -v, –show-nonprinting \u4f7f\u7528 ^ \u548c M- \u5f15\u7528，\u9664\u4e86 LFD \u548c TAB \u4e4b\u5916,\u4e2d\u6587\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 -e：\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e"-vE"\u9009\u9879； \u00a0 \u00a0 -t：\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e"-vT"\u9009\u9879； tac:tac\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e8f\u663e\u793acat\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u4ece\u884c\u5012\u5e8f\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9.\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6309\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53cd\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 -b, –before \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 attach the separator before instead of after \u00a0 \u00a0 -r, –regex \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0interpret the separator as a regular expression \u00a0 \u00a0 -s, –separator=STRING \u00a0 \u6307\u5b9a\u5355\u5143\u5206\u9694\u7b26，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6362\u884c<\/p>\n

2:\u5206\u5c4f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n

more:\u7a7a\u683c\u5411\u540e\u7ffb，\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528b\u5411\u524d\u7ffb，h\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9,q\u9000\u51fa,\u7ffb\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u8f93\u5165\u659c\u7ebf\u7b26 \/：\u63a5\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u663e\u793a less:\u7a7a\u683c\u5411\u540e，b\u5411\u524d，pageUP\/pageDown\u4e5f\u884c\u3002\u7ffb\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa(\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa\u5e26\u4e0a-e\u9009\u9879)，q\u547d\u4ee4\u9000\u51fa\u3002less\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\/\u67e5\u627e \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0-l：\u641c\u7d22\u65f6\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5dee\u5f02； -N：\u884c\u9996\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7；\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0-s：\u5c06\u8fde\u7eed\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u884c\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u884c\u663e\u793a； -S：\u5728\u5355\u884c\u663e\u793a\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u800c\u4e0d\u6362\u884c\u663e\u793a； \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0-x<\u6570\u5b57>：\u5c06TAB\u5b57\u7b26\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e2a\u6570\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

3:\u67e5\u770b\u9875\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n

head:\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5185\u5bb9,\u4e3b\u8981\u9009\u9879:-n ,-c \u00a0 \u00a0 header -n [\u884c\u6570] filepath \u663e\u793a\u5f00\u5934\u51e0\u884c，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a10\u884c\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 header -c \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 filepath \u663e\u793a\u5f00\u5934\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26，\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u5b57 tail:\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u9009\u9879:-n ,-c\u548chead\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

tail -f \u5982\u679c\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u524d\u8fd8\u672a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528： tail -fq s1.log –retry \u53ef\u4ee5\u7b49\u5f85\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa.<\/p>\n

tail\u548chead\u6307\u5b9a-n\u9009\u9879\u540e，\u6570\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd8+\/-\u7b26\u53f7，<\/p>\n

tail\u5e26+\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u7b2c\u51e0\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u76f4\u53d6\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c，\u5e26-\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u53d6\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u884c，\u5b9e\u9645\u5c31\u548c\u4e0d\u5e26+\/-\u53f7\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5982tail -n +2\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

head\u5e26-\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u5934\u4e00\u76f4\u53d6\u5230\u6700\u540e\u7b2c\u51e0\u884c，\u5e26+\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u53d6\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u884c，\u5373\u548c\u4e0d\u5e26\u7b26\u53f7\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u8bb0\u4f4fhead\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u51cf\u53f7，tail\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u5e38\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u5e38\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709\u526a\u53d6cut,\u6392\u5e8fsort,\u53bb\u91cduniq,\u7edf\u8ba1wc,\u8fde\u63a5join,\u66ff\u6362tr<\/p>\n

1. Cut\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n

\u00a0 cut：-d\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u5272\u7b26\u53f7，-f\u53d6\u7b2c\u51e0\u5217,\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f1-3\u62161,3\u3002-b ：\u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\u3002-c ：\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\u3002cut\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u622a\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4，\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u95f4\u9694\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u6bb5\u6570\u636e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5206\u6790，cut\u9009\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u201c\u884c\u201d\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u3002cut\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

-b ：#\u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u5206\u5272\u3002
\n-c ：#\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u5206\u5272\u3002
\n-d ：#\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5206\u9694\u7b26，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u3002
\n-f ：#\u4e0e-d\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528，\u6307\u5b9a\u663e\u793a\u54ea\u4e2a\u533a\u57df，\u5982-f1,-f1-3,-f3-,-f-3\u7b49\u3002
\n-s : #\u4e0e-d\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528，\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u4e0a-s\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684\u884c
\n-n ：#\u53d6\u6d88\u5206\u5272\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u4ec5\u548c -b \u6807\u5fd7\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5bf9\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u5b57\u7b26\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002 <\/p>\n

cut\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

cut [-bn] [file] \u6216 cut [-c] [file] \u6216 cut [-df] [file] <\/p>\n

\u00a0cut\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

[root@kermit ~]# cat pass
\ndatabase:mysql:sqlserver:oracle
\ncountry:\u4e2d\u56fd:\u7f8e\u56fd:other
\n\u884c\u4e1a:\u4e92\u8054\u7f51:\u91d1\u878d
\n\/home\/ftpuser:\/bin\/bash
\nhello;yes;test
\n[root@kermit ~]# cut -d: -f2 pass
\nmysql
\n\u4e2d\u56fd
\n\u4e92\u8054\u7f51
\n\/bin\/bash
\nhello;yes;test
\n[root@kermit ~]# cut -d: -f1-2 pass #\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u539f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5
\ndatabase:mysql
\ncountry:\u4e2d\u56fd
\n\u884c\u4e1a:\u4e92\u8054\u7f51
\n\/home\/ftpuser:\/bin\/bash
\nhello;yes;test
\n[root@kermit ~]# cut -sd: -f1-2 pass #\u6b64\u5904\u52a0\u4e86-s\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u5c31\u4e0d\u663e\u793a，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709:\u7b26\u53f7
\ndatabase:mysql
\ncountry:\u4e2d\u56fd
\n\u884c\u4e1a:\u4e92\u8054\u7f51
\n\/home\/ftpuser:\/bin\/bash
\n[root@kermit ~]# cut -b 1-2 pass #\u6c49\u5b57\u90a3\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u793a
\nda
\nco
\n\/h
\nhe
\n[root@kermit ~]# cut -nb 1-2 pass #-b\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6587\u5c31\u4e0d\u597d\u7528，\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u5360\u75283\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282(utf8)\u3002
\nda
\nco<\/p>\n

\/h
\nhe
\n[root@kermit ~]# cut -nb 1-3 pass #\u6b64\u65f6\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u663e\u793a\u6c49\u5b57
\ndat
\ncou
\n\u884c
\n\/ho
\nhel
\n[root@kermit ~]# cut -c 1 pass #\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u6765\u663e\u793a，\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u8003\u8651\u6c49\u5b57\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002
\nd
\nc
\n\u884c
\n\/
\nh
\n[root@kermit ~]# <\/p>\n

\u00a0\u961f\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916，cut\u8fd8\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165，\u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b：\u00a0cut -d: -f1 – \u8981\u9000\u51fa\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165，\u53ea\u9700ctrl+d\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

2. Sort \u547d\u4ee4\u00a0<\/h3>\n

sort:\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ee5\u9996\u5b57\u7b26\u6392\u5e8f(\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6392\u5e8f)，\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\u6709\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 -n\u8868\u793a\u4ee5\u6570\u503c\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f， \u00a0 \u00a0 -t\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u5f00， \u00a0 \u00a0 -k\u4ee5\u7b2c\u51e0\u5217\u6392\u5e8f，-k\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u4ee5\u7b2c\u51e0\u5217\u6392\u5e8f，\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4f7f\u75281.2\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c0f\u6570\u8868\u793a\u4ee5\u7b2c1\u5217\u7684\u7b2c2\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6392\u5e8f\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 -r\u964d\u5e8f \u00a0 \u00a0 -u\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6b21，\u5373unique. \u00a0 \u00a0 -f\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\u5ffd\u7565\u5b57\u7b26\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 -d：\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6，\u5904\u7406\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u53ca\u7a7a\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u5916，\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26；\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 -b：\u5ffd\u7565\u6bcf\u884c\u524d\u9762\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u5b57\u7b26； \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6b64\u9879 \u00a0 \u00a0 -c：\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f；\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u54ea\u4e00\u884c\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u6392\u5e8f\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 -i：\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6，\u9664\u4e86040\u81f3176\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5916，\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26；\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 -m：\u5c06\u51e0\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76；\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 -M：\u5c06\u524d\u97623\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f9d\u7167\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f； \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 -o<\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6>：\u5c06\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u5165\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 \u00a0 -t<\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26>：\u6307\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u680f\u4f4d\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26 \u00a0 \u00a0 +<\u8d77\u59cb\u680f\u4f4d>-<\u7ed3\u675f\u680f\u4f4d>：\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u680f\u4f4d\u6765\u6392\u5e8f，\u8303\u56f4\u7531\u8d77\u59cb\u680f\u4f4d\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u680f\u4f4d\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u680f\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

3.Uniq \u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n

uniq\u53ea\u628a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4，\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884cuniq\u524d\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e0bsort，\u5176\u9009\u9879\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 -d\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c(\u53ea\u4e00\u884c)， \u00a0 \u00a0 -D\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u884c \u00a0 \u00a0 -c\u663e\u793a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6b21\u6570，uniq\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u91cd\u590d\u884c，\u884c\u53f7,\u5728\u6bcf\u5217\u65c1\u8fb9\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570； \u00a0 \u00a0 -d\u6216–repeated：\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u884c\u5217； \u00a0 \u00a0 -f<\u680f\u4f4d>\u6216–skip-fields=<\u680f\u4f4d>：\u5ffd\u7565\u6bd4\u8f83\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u680f\u4f4d； \u00a0 \u00a0 -s<\u5b57\u7b26\u4f4d\u7f6e>\u6216–skip-chars=<\u5b57\u7b26\u4f4d\u7f6e>：\u5ffd\u7565\u6bd4\u8f83\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26； \u00a0 \u00a0 -u\u6216\u2014\u2014unique：\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u884c\u5217； \u00a0 \u00a0 -w<\u5b57\u7b26\u4f4d\u7f6e>\u6216–check-chars=<\u5b57\u7b26\u4f4d\u7f6e>：\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n

4.Join \u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 Join \u547d\u4ee4\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6587\u4ef6，\u4f46\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5217，\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0join\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528，\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u80af\u5b9a\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u4e49，\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e5f\u633a\u6709\u610f\u601d，\u4e5f\u8bb8\u54ea\u5929\u5c31\u771f\u80fd\u7528\u5230\u3002join\u9002\u5408\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u5408\u3002\u524d\u63d0\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u591a\u5217\u6570\u636e，\u5176\u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u76f8\u540c\u4e14\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5217，\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u53f7\u548c\u59d3\u540d，\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u5b66\u53f7\u548c\u9ad8\u8003\u5206\u6570，\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528join\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

[root@123 ~]# cat a.txt #\u5217\u51faa.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9
\n1 \u6625\u5929
\n2 \u590f\u5929
\n3 \u79cb\u5929
\n4 \u51ac\u5929
\n5 \u51ac\u53bb\u6625\u6765
\n[root@123 ~]# cat b.txt #\u5217\u51fab.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9
\n0 \u6625\u6765\u5929
\n1 \u6696
\n2 \u70ed
\n3 \u51c9
\n4 \u51b7
\n[root@123 ~]# join a.txt b.txt #\u4f7f\u7528join\u76f8\u8fde，\u5c31\u50cfmysql\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u6837，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u5185\u8fde\u63a5，
\n1 \u6625\u5929 \u6696
\n2 \u590f\u5929 \u70ed
\n3 \u79cb\u5929 \u51c9
\n4 \u51ac\u5929 \u51b7
\n[root@123 ~]# join -o 1.1 1.2 1.3 a.txt b.txt #\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u54ea\u4e9b\u5217\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f，1\/2\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee3\u8868\u6587\u4ef61\/2\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u5217\u3002
\n1 \u6625\u5929
\n2 \u590f\u5929
\n3 \u79cb\u5929
\n4 \u51ac\u5929
\n[root@123 ~]# join -o 1.1 1.2 2.2 a.txt b.txt
\n1 \u6625\u5929 \u6696
\n2 \u590f\u5929 \u70ed
\n3 \u79cb\u5929 \u51c9
\n4 \u51ac\u5929 \u51b7
\n[root@123 ~]# join -o 1.1 2.2 1.2 a.txt b.txt
\n1 \u6696 \u6625\u5929
\n2 \u70ed \u590f\u5929
\n3 \u51c9 \u79cb\u5929
\n4 \u51b7 \u51ac\u5929
\n[root@123 ~]# join -a1 a.txt b.txt #\u5c31\u50cfmysql\u7684\u5de6\u8fde\u63a5，\u53f3\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u6837\u3002
\n1 \u6625\u5929 \u6696
\n2 \u590f\u5929 \u70ed
\n3 \u79cb\u5929 \u51c9
\n4 \u51ac\u5929 \u51b7
\n5 \u51ac\u53bb\u6625\u6765
\n[root@123 ~]# join -a2 a.txt b.txt
\n0 \u6625\u6765\u5929
\n1 \u6625\u5929 \u6696
\n2 \u590f\u5929 \u70ed
\n3 \u79cb\u5929 \u51c9
\n4 \u51ac\u5929 \u51b7
\n[root@123 ~]# join -a1 -a2 a.txt b.txt
\n0 \u6625\u6765\u5929
\n1 \u6625\u5929 \u6696
\n2 \u590f\u5929 \u70ed
\n3 \u79cb\u5929 \u51c9
\n4 \u51ac\u5929 \u51b7
\n5 \u51ac\u53bb\u6625\u6765
\n[root@123 ~]# cat a.txt b.txt #\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6362\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u539f\u6765\u662f\u5236\u8868\u5206\u5f00，\u6539\u6210=\u53f7
\n1=\u6625\u5929
\n2=\u590f\u5929
\n3=\u79cb\u5929
\n4=\u51ac\u5929<\/p>\n

1=\u6696
\n2=\u70ed
\n3=\u51c9
\n4=\u51b7
\n[root@123 ~]# join a.txt b.txt #\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u62a5\u9519，\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e
\njoin: file 1 is not in sorted order
\n[root@123 ~]# join -t '=' a.txt b.txt #\u6307\u5b9a\u4ee5=\u5206\u5f00\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
\n1=\u6625\u5929=\u6696
\n2=\u590f\u5929=\u70ed
\n3=\u79cb\u5929=\u51c9
\n4=\u51ac\u5929=\u51b7
\n[root@123 ~]# cat a.txt #\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9，\u4f7f\u5f97b.txt\u4e2d\u7684ID\u6570\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217
\n1=\u6625\u5929
\n2=\u590f\u5929
\n3=\u79cb\u5929
\n4=\u51ac\u5929
\n[root@123 ~]# cat b.txt
\n\u6696=1
\n\u70ed=2
\n\u51c9=3
\n\u51b7=4
\n[root@123 ~]# join -1 1 -2 2 -t '=' a.txt b.txt #\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u5217\u5224\u65ad\u76f8\u7b49
\n1=\u6625\u5929=\u6696
\n2=\u590f\u5929=\u70ed
\n3=\u79cb\u5929=\u51c9
\n4=\u51ac\u5929=\u51b7
\n[root@123 ~]# join -1 2 -2 1 -t '=' b.txt a.txt
\n1=\u6696=\u6625\u5929
\n2=\u70ed=\u590f\u5929
\n3=\u51c9=\u79cb\u5929
\n4=\u51b7=\u51ac\u5929
\n[root@123 ~]# join -1 2 -2 1 -o 1.2 2.2 1.1 -t '=' b.txt a.txt #\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u54ea\u4e9b\u5217\u548c\u987a\u5e8f
\n1=\u6625\u5929=\u6696
\n2=\u590f\u5929=\u70ed
\n3=\u79cb\u5929=\u51c9
\n4=\u51ac\u5929=\u51b7
\n[root@123 ~]# <\/p>\n

5.wc \u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n

\u00a0 wc\u547d\u4ee4\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355，\u5c31\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1：\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ed3\u679c，\u884c，\u5355\u8bcd\u6570，\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3002\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94\u9009\u9879-l,-w,-c,-m\u5b57\u7b26\u6570，-L\u6700\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5c11\u5b57\u7b26\u3002wc\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165(\u6307\u5b9a\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26EOF，\u5982\u4e0b:)<\/p>\n

[root@123 ~]wc << EOF
\n> aaa
\n> bbbb
\n> ccccc dd
\n> EOF
\n 3 4 18
\n[root@123 ~] <\/p>\n

6.tr \u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n

tr \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362，\u6ce8\u610ftr\u662f\u5bf9\u9010\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\u6709\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 -d\u6216\u2014\u2014delete：\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26； \u00a0 \u00a0 -c\u6216\u2014\u2014complerment：\u53d6\u4ee3\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26；\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u548c-d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 -s\u6216–squeeze-repeats：\u628a\u8fde\u7eed\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a； \u00a0 \u00a0 -t\u6216–truncate-set1：\u5148\u5220\u9664\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6,\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u66ff\u6362，\u4f4d\u6570\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6700\u540e\u7684\u8865\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

tr\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

[root@123 ~]# echo 'KEEP smiling!' | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' #\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u96c6\u5408，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528'rewqr{]'
\nKEEP SMILING!
\n[root@123 ~]# echo 'KEEP smiling!' | tr 'Es' '1'
\nK11P 1miling!
\n[root@123 ~]# echo 'KEEP smiling!' | tr 'KEEP' '1' #tr\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628aKEEP\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u4f53\u66ff\u6362
\n1111 smiling!
\n[root@123 ~]# echo 'KEEP smiling!' | tr -s 'a-z' 'A-Z' #-s\u628a\u76f8\u540c\u7684E\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u6362\u3002
\nKEP SMILING!
\n[root@123 ~]# echo 'KEEP smiling!' | tr -d 'h-l' #-d\u8fdb\u884c\u5220\u9664
\nKEEP smng!
\n[root@123 ~]# echo 'KEEP smiling!' | tr -d E
\nKP smiling!
\n[root@123 ~]# echo 'KEEP smiling!' | tr -s 'e'
\nKEEP smiling!
\n[root@123 ~]# echo 'KEEP smiling!' | tr -s 'E'
\nKEP smiling!
\n[root@123 ~]# echo 'KEEP smiling! 1234 ok' | tr -d -c '0-9' #-c\u9009\u9879\u5220\u9664\u4e0d\u5728-c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5b57\u7b26，\u633a\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5373-c\u53cd\u8f6c\u5b57\u7b26\u8303\u56f4\u3002
\n1234[root@123 ~]#
\n[root@123 ~]#
\n[root@123 ~]# echo 'KEEP smiling! 1234 ok' | tr -d -c '0-9\\\\n' #\u6ce8\u610f\u533a\u522b，\u4e0d\u628a\u6362\u884c\u5220\u9664\u3002
\n1234
\n[root@123 ~]# echo 'KEEP smiling! 1234 ok' | tr -t 'KEP' 'EP' #-t\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nEPPP smiling! 1234 ok <\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b83tr\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u5165\u6587\u4ef6，\u4f7f\u7528<\u53f7\u5bfc\u5165，\u5982cat a A < \/etc\/passwd，\u5bfc\u5165\u6587\u4ef6 \u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7a7a\u683c：cat a.txt | tr -d ' ' \u5982\u8981\u53bb\u6389\u6362\u884c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebfn\u5373\u53ef\u3002 tr\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e0a，\u529f\u80fd\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927，\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528，\u5982\u4e0b\u5217\u8868：<\/p>\n

SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
\nInterpreted sequences are:<\/p>\n

\\\\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\n \\\\\\\\ backslash
\n \\\\a audible BEL
\n \\\\b backspace
\n \\\\f form feed
\n \\\\n new line
\n \\\\r return
\n \\\\t horizontal tab
\n \\\\v vertical tab
\n CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
\n [CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
\n [CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
\n [:alnum:] all letters and digits #\u5b57\u6bcd\u548c\u6570\u5b57
\n [:alpha:] all letters #\u5b57\u6bcd
\n [:blank:] all horizontal whitespace #\u7a7a\u767d
\n [:cntrl:] all control characters #\u63a7\u5236（\u975e\u6253\u5370）\u5b57\u7b26
\n [:digit:] all digits #\u6570\u5b57
\n [:graph:] all printable characters, not including space #\u56fe\u5f62\u5b57\u7b26
\n [:lower:] all lower case letters #\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd
\n [:print:] all printable characters, including space #\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26
\n [:punct:] all punctuation characters #\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7
\n [:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace #\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26
\n [:upper:] all upper case letters #\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd
\n [:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits #\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\u7b26
\n [=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR <\/p>\n

\u00a0\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d，\u5982\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b，\u540e\u8005\u4f1a\u5c06\u6362\u884c\u53bb\u6389(\u5373\u5305\u542b\u5782\u76f4\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26)，\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n

#cat a.txt | tr -d '[:blank:]' \u548c cat a.txt | tr -d '[:space:]' <\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u547d\u4ee4sed,\u548ctr\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f，sed\u4e5f\u662f\u6309\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u800ctr\u662f\u6309\u5b57\u7b26\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u3002sed\u53bb\u9664\u6bcf\u884c\u524d\u7a7a\u683c\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

sed 's\/^[[:space:]]*\/\/' a.txt<\/p>\n

#\u6216\u8005：<\/p>\n

sed 's\/ \/\/g' a.txt\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u7edf\u8ba1\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2a\u6570: ls | wc -l \u7edf\u8ba1\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u603b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2a\u6570：ls -R | wc -l \u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e76\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2a\u6570： ls | grep '.lua' | wc -l \u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u5927\u5c0f： du -s \u6216\u8005 du -sh \u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u6309\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f：du -sk * | sort -n \u5982\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528du -sh \u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f: du -sh name\u00a0 \u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e2a\u6570: ls -l |grep "^-"|wc -l \u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4e2a\u6570: ls -l |grep "^d"|wc -l \u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e2a\u6570，\u5305\u62ec\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cc\u7684:ls -lR|grep "^-"|wc -l \u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4e2a\u6570，\u5305\u62ec\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cc\u7684:ls -lR|grep "^d"|wc -l<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u9500\u7edf\u8ba1\u547d\u4ee4：<\/h2>\n

1.CPU\u5360\u7528\u6700\u591a\u7684\u524d10\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b： ps auxw|head -1;ps auxw|sort -rn -k3|head -10<\/p>\n

2.\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\u6700\u591a\u7684\u524d10\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b ps auxw|head -1;ps auxw|sort -rn -k4|head -10<\/p>\n

3.\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u591a\u7684\u524d10\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b ps auxw|head -1;ps auxw|sort -rn -k5|head -10<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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