{"id":88787,"date":"2026-08-01T18:48:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T10:48:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/88787.html"},"modified":"2026-08-01T18:48:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T10:48:57","slug":"wireshark-%e6%8a%93%e5%8c%85%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e-dns-%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%e5%88%b0-https-%e5%8a%a0%e5%af%86%e5%85%a8%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/88787.html","title":{"rendered":"Wireshark \u6293\u5305\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u4ece DNS \u89e3\u6790\u5230 HTTPS \u52a0\u5bc6\u5168\u89e3\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Wireshark \u6293\u5305\u5b9e\u6218&#xff1a;\u4ece DNS \u89e3\u6790\u5230 HTTPS \u52a0\u5bc6\u5168\u89e3\u6790&gt; \u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883&#xff1a;Kali Linux 2026 &#043; Wireshark &#043; MariaDB 11 &#043; Pikachu \u9776\u573a<\/h2>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u7406\u89e3 DNS \u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001HTTPS \u52a0\u5bc6\u539f\u7406\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883 HTTP \u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u524d\u8a00<\/h3>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3&#034;\u57df\u540d\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u6210 IP&#034;\u3001&#034;HTTPS \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4 HTTP \u5b89\u5168&#034;\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7 Wireshark \u6293\u5305&#xff0c;\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c42\u9762\u89c2\u5bdf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>DNS \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff08;\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684&#034;\u57df\u540d\u2192IP&#034;&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>HTTP \u660e\u6587\u4f20\u8f93 vs HTTPS \u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/li>\n<li>\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883&#xff08;\u767e\u5ea6\/\u77e5\u4e4e\/GitHub&#xff09;\u7684 HTTP \u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8\u914d\u7f6e\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7248\u672c\/\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Kali Linux<\/td>\n<td>2026.x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Wireshark<\/td>\n<td>\u5185\u7f6e\u6700\u65b0\u7248<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3<\/td>\n<td>eth0&#xff08;VMware NAT&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177<\/td>\n<td>dig\u3001curl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001DNS \u6293\u5305\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 \u542f\u52a8 Wireshark<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> wireshark <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9009\u62e9 eth0 \u63a5\u53e3&#xff08;\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u7f51\u6d41\u91cf&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5f00\u59cb\u6293\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260801104854-6a6dcf1640e90.png\" alt=\"Wireshark\u542f\u52a8\u754c\u9762\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>3.2 \u8fc7\u6ee4 DNS \u6d41\u91cf<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fc7\u6ee4\u680f\u8f93\u5165&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>udp.port &#061;&#061; 53<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260801104854-6a6dcf165bab2.png\" alt=\"DNS\u6d41\u91cf\u8fc7\u6ee4\" \/><br \/>\n\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528 UDP 53&#xff1f; DNS \u67e5\u8be2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d70 UDP 53 \u7aef\u53e3&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5c0f\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\u8d85\u8fc7 512 \u5b57\u8282\u65f6\u624d\u5207\u6362 TCP\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.3 \u89e6\u53d1 DNS \u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n<p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u7f51\u53ef\u80fd\u8d70\u7cfb\u7edf DNS \u7f13\u5b58&#xff0c;\u6293\u4e0d\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 dig \u5f3a\u5236\u89e6\u53d1&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">dig<\/span> &#064;8.8.8.8 example.com<\/p>\n<h4>3.4 \u5206\u6790 DNS \u5305<\/h4>\n<p>\u67e5\u8be2\u5305&#xff08;Standard query&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Queries&#xff1a;\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u57df\u540d\u548c\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<li>Flags&#xff1a;Recursion desired: Do query recursively&#xff08;\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260801104854-6a6dcf166816d.png\" alt=\"DNS\u67e5\u8be2\u5305\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u54cd\u5e94\u5305&#xff08;Standard query response&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260801104854-6a6dcf1674e3a.png\" alt=\"DNS\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\" \/><br \/>\nAnswers \u8be6\u60c5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260801104854-6a6dcf1681991.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>3.5 DNS \u89e3\u6790\u94fe\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n<p>\u4ee5 www.ctrip.com \u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u662f&#034;\u4e00\u6b65\u5230 IP&#034;&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f CNAME \u94fe\u5f0f\u8df3\u8f6c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>www.ctrip.com<br \/>\n  \u2192 CNAME \u2192 cert1.c1.geo.ctripgslb.net<br \/>\n    \u2192 CNAME \u2192 std.c1.default.acc.ctripgslb.net<br \/>\n      \u2192 CNAME \u2192 dinixodcdwbrky.wsglb0.com<br \/>\n        \u2192 A \u8bb0\u5f55 \u2192 61.163.112.24<br \/>\n        \u2192 A \u8bb0\u5f55 \u2192 58.144.228.126<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u53d1\u73b0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ecf\u8fc7 3 \u5c42 CNAME \u624d\u5230\u5b9e\u9645 IP<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86 2 \u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740&#xff08;\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\/\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684 CDN \u67b6\u6784<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001HTTP vs HTTPS \u5bf9\u6bd4\u6293\u5305<\/h3>\n<p>Wireshark \u6293\u5305\u65f6\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u6293\u5230 TCP\u3001UDP\u3001ARP\u3001ICMP \u7b49\u5927\u91cf\u65e0\u5173\u6d41\u91cf&#xff0c;\u6839\u672c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f&#034;\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6211\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u7aef\u53e3&#034;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.1 HTTP \u660e\u6587\u6293\u5305&#xff08;tcp.port &#061;&#061; 80&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528 tcp.port &#061;&#061; 80&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>80 \u7aef\u53e3\u662f HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/ \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u8d77 TCP \u8fde\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>\u8fc7\u6ee4\u540e Wireshark \u53ea\u663e\u793a 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6d41\u91cf&#xff0c;\u6392\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u5e72\u6270&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b9a\u4f4d HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>tcp.port &#061;&#061; 80<\/p>\n<p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/httpbin.org\/get<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a; Wireshark \u4e2d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u660e\u6587 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec URL\u3001Header\u3001Body \u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260801104854-6a6dcf1690701.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>4.2 HTTPS \u52a0\u5bc6\u6293\u5305&#xff08;tcp.port &#061;&#061; 443&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528 tcp.port &#061;&#061; 443&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>443 \u7aef\u53e3\u662f HTTPS \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee https:\/\/ \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 443 \u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u8d77 TLS \u63e1\u624b<\/li>\n<li>\u8fc7\u6ee4\u540e\u53ea\u663e\u793a 443 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6d41\u91cf&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230 TLS \u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff08;ClientHello\u3001ServerHello\u3001Certificate \u7b49&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0e 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u5bf9\u6bd4&#xff0c;\u80fd\u76f4\u89c2\u770b\u5230&#034;\u540c\u6837\u90fd\u662f HTTP \u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u6587\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u6587&#034;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>tcp.port &#061;&#061; 443<\/p>\n<p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.baidu.com<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a; \u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230 TLS \u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;Application Data \u662f\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684&#xff0c;\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260801104854-6a6dcf169ead4.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684 TLSv1.2 \u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>Server Key Exchange&#xff08;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u516c\u94a5&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>Client Key Exchange&#xff08;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u9884\u4e3b\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>New Session Ticket&#xff08;\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7968\u636e&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>Application Data&#xff08;\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u636e&#xff09;<\/li>\n<h4>4.3 \u6838\u5fc3\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7ef4\u5ea6HTTPHTTPS<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7aef\u53e3<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>443<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u534f\u8bae<\/td>\n<td>HTTP<\/td>\n<td>TLS &#043; HTTP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u80fd\u5426\u770b\u5230\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\n<td>\u2705 \u660e\u6587\u53ef\u89c1<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u52a0\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u53ef\u7a83\u542c<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff1a; HTTPS \u901a\u8fc7 TLS \u63e1\u624b\u534f\u5546\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff0c;\u540e\u7eed\u6240\u6709 HTTP \u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u5bc6\u6587\u4f20\u8f93&#xff0c;\u9632\u6b62\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u7a83\u542c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001HTTP \u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<h4>5.1 \u68c0\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 curl -I \u67e5\u770b\u54cd\u5e94\u5934&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">curl<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-I<\/span> https:\/\/www.baidu.com<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">curl<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-I<\/span> https:\/\/www.zhihu.com<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">curl<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-I<\/span> https:\/\/github.com<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">curl<\/span> <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-I<\/span> http:\/\/localhost\/pikachu\/<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260801104854-6a6dcf16ada27.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260801104854-6a6dcf16d15af.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260801104855-6a6dcf171359a.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20260801104855-6a6dcf17ef93c.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>5.2 \u5b9e\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u68c0\u67e5\u9879\u767e\u5ea6\u77e5\u4e4eGitHubPikachu&#xff08;\u672c\u5730\u9776\u573a&#xff09;<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>X-Frame-Options<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<td>\u2705 deny<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CSP<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<td>\u2705 \u975e\u5e38\u5b8c\u5584<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HSTS<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<td>\u2705 max-age&#061;31536000; includeSubdomains; preload<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>X-Content-Type-Options<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<td>\u2705 nosniff<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Referrer-Policy<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<td>\u26a0\ufe0f no-referrer-when-downgrade<\/td>\n<td>\u2705 strict-origin-when-cross-origin<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Server \u5934<\/td>\n<td>\u26a0\ufe0f bfe&#xff08;\u9690\u85cf\u7248\u672c&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u26a0\ufe0f BLB\/25.12.0.2<\/td>\n<td>\u2705 github.com&#xff08;\u65e0\u7248\u672c&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u274c Apache\/2.4.68 (Debian)&#xff08;\u66b4\u9732\u7248\u672c&#xff01;&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cookie HttpOnly<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u65e0<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u65e0<\/td>\n<td>\u2705 \u6709<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u65e0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cookie Secure<\/td>\n<td>\u26a0\ufe0f \u90e8\u5206\u6709<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u65e0<\/td>\n<td>\u2705 \u6709<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u65e0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>5.3 \u5173\u952e\u53d1\u73b0<\/h4>\n<p>GitHub&#xff08;\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e\u6807\u6746&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>strict-transport-security: max-age&#061;31536000; includeSubdomains; preload<\/li>\n<li>x-frame-options: deny<\/li>\n<li>x-content-type-options: nosniff<\/li>\n<li>content-security-policy \u6781\u957f&#xff0c;\u9650\u5236\u6781\u4e25\u683c<\/li>\n<li>Cookie \u540c\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 HttpOnly &#043; secure &#043; SameSite&#061;Lax<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u767e\u5ea6\/\u77e5\u4e4e&#xff08;\u56fd\u5185\u7f51\u7ad9\u5178\u578b\u914d\u7f6e&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8\u8f83\u5c11<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46\u767e\u5ea6\u9690\u85cf\u4e86 Server \u7248\u672c&#xff08;bfe \u662f\u767e\u5ea6\u81ea\u7814\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732\u9632\u62a4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pikachu \u9776\u573a&#xff08;\u6545\u610f\u4e0d\u8bbe\u9632&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Server: Apache\/2.4.68 (Debian) \u2192 \u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8 \u2192 \u8fd9\u662f\u9776\u573a\u6545\u610f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ec3\u4e60\u653b\u51fb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001HTTP \u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355&#xff08;\u5b9e\u7528\u5de5\u5177&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5206\u6790&#xff0c;\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4efd\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>#\u68c0\u67e5\u9879\u68c0\u67e5\u547d\u4ee4\u5408\u683c\u6807\u51c6\u98ce\u9669\u4fee\u590d\u65b9\u6cd5<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>X-Frame-Options<\/td>\n<td>curl -I<\/td>\n<td>\u6709 DENY\/SAMEORIGIN<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d<\/td>\n<td>header(\u201cX-Frame-Options: DENY\u201d);<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>CSP<\/td>\n<td>curl -I<\/td>\n<td>\u6709 CSP \u7b56\u7565<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8<\/td>\n<td>header(\u201cCSP: default-src \u2018self\u2019\u201d);<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>HSTS<\/td>\n<td>curl -I<\/td>\n<td>\u6709 HSTS \u5934<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d<\/td>\n<td>header(\u201cHSTS: max-age&#061;31536000\u201d);<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>X-Content-Type-Options<\/td>\n<td>curl -I<\/td>\n<td>\u6709 nosniff<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d<\/td>\n<td>header(\u201cX-Content-Type-Options: nosniff\u201d);<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>Referrer-Policy<\/td>\n<td>curl -I<\/td>\n<td>\u6709 Referrer-Policy<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>header(\u201cReferrer-Policy: strict-origin\u201d);<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>Server \u5934\u9690\u85cf<\/td>\n<td>curl -I<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u66b4\u9732\u7248\u672c<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>Apache: ServerTokens Prod; ServerSignature Off;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>Cookie HttpOnly<\/td>\n<td>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668 F12<\/td>\n<td>Set-Cookie \u6709 HttpOnly<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8<\/td>\n<td>setcookie(\u2026, [\u2018httponly\u2019 &#061;&gt; true]);<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>Cookie Secure<\/td>\n<td>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668 F12<\/td>\n<td>Set-Cookie \u6709 Secure<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8<\/td>\n<td>setcookie(\u2026, [\u2018secure\u2019 &#061;&gt; true]);<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e03\u3001\u601d\u8003<\/h3>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u914d\u7f6e\u51fa\u6765\u7684&#xff1a;GitHub \u7684 CSP \u7b56\u7565\u90a3\u4e48\u957f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u6210\u7684&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u957f\u671f\u5bf9\u6297 XSS \u653b\u51fb\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Server \u5934\u6cc4\u9732\u7248\u672c\u662f\u4f4e\u7ea7\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u7f51\u7ad9\u5b58\u5728\u3002Apache \u6539\u4e24\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3&#xff0c;\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u505a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>DNS \u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684&#034;\u57df\u540d\u2192IP&#034;&#xff1a;CNAME \u94fe\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001CDN \u56de\u6e90&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u67b6\u6784\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u771f\u5b9e\u653b\u51fb\u9762\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n<li>HTTPS \u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u9879&#xff1a;HTTP \u660e\u6587\u4f20\u8f93\u4e0b&#xff0c;Cookie\u3001Token\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u5168\u90e8\u66b4\u9732\u3002TLS 1.3 \u6bd4 1.2 \u5c11\u4e00\u6b21 RTT&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u7aef\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7 Wireshark \u6293\u5305&#xff0c;\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c42\u9762\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e86&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>DNS \u89e3\u6790&#xff1a;CNAME \u94fe\u5f0f\u8df3\u8f6c &#043; 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