\n| 592<\/td>\n | \u6e90\u7ad9+\u7f13\u5b58\u5747\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n | \u8fd4\u56de\u9759\u6001\u515c\u5e95\u54cd\u5e94<\/td>\n | P1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u26a0\ufe0f\u00a0\u6ce8\u610f：\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u4ec5\u5728Nginx\u5185\u90e8\u6d41\u8f6c，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u5bf9\u5916\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u4ecd\u662f\u6807\u51c6HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801（200\/503\u7b49）\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u56db\u3001Lua\u5c42\u4e0eerror_page\u7684\u6865\u63a5<\/h3>\n4.1 \u5728Lua\u4e2d\u89e6\u53d1error_page<\/h4>\nLua\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u201c\u8c03\u7528\u201derror_page，\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u6765\u95f4\u63a5\u89e6\u53d1：<\/p>\n — cache_handler.lua \u589e\u5f3a\u7248
\nlocal redis = require "resty.redis"<\/p>\n local _M = {}<\/p>\n function _M.get(key)
\n local red, err = get_redis()
\n if not red then
\n — \u2b50 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\u7801，\u89e6\u53d1error_page 590
\n ngx.status = 590
\n ngx.log(ngx.WARN, "redis connect failed, triggering fallback: ", err)
\n return nil, "REDIS_UNAVAILABLE"
\n end<\/p>\n local res, err = red:get(key)
\n release_redis(red)<\/p>\n if not res or res == ngx.null then
\n return nil, "MISS"
\n end<\/p>\n — \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027
\n local data, decode_err = cjson.decode(res)
\n if not data then
\n — \u2b50 \u6570\u636e\u635f\u574f，\u89e6\u53d1error_page 591
\n ngx.status = 591
\n ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "cache data corrupted for key: ", key, " err: ", decode_err)
\n return nil, "DATA_CORRUPTED"
\n end<\/p>\n return data, nil
\nend<\/p>\n return _M<\/p>\n 4.2 content_by_lua_block\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u8303\u5f0f<\/h4>\ncontent_by_lua_block {
\n local key = build_cache_key()<\/p>\n — \u5c1d\u8bd5\u7f13\u5b58
\n local data, err = cache_handler.get(key)<\/p>\n if err == "REDIS_UNAVAILABLE" or err == "DATA_CORRUPTED" then
\n — \u2b50 \u5173\u952e：exit\u8ba9Nginx\u63a5\u7ba1error_page\u5904\u7406
\n — \u6b64\u65f6ngx.status\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a590\/591
\n return ngx.exit(ngx.status)
\n end<\/p>\n if data then
\n ngx.header["X-Cache"] = "HIT"
\n ngx.say(cjson.encode(data))
\n return
\n end<\/p>\n — MISS：\u56de\u6e90\u5e76\u56de\u586b\u7f13\u5b58
\n local res = ngx.location.capture("\/internal\/backend")
\n if res.status ~= 200 then
\n — \u6e90\u7ad9\u5931\u8d25，\u4f46\u7f13\u5b58\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528 \u2192 \u89e6\u53d1592
\n ngx.status = 592
\n return ngx.exit(592)
\n end<\/p>\n — \u6b63\u5e38\u56de\u586b…
\n cache_handler.set(key, cjson.decode(res.body), 300)
\n ngx.say(res.body)
\n}<\/p>\n 4.3 \u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u9677\u9631<\/h4>\n\u2460 ngx.exit\u5fc5\u987b\u5728header\u53d1\u9001\u524d\u8c03\u7528<\/h5>\n\u4e00\u65e6\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u00a0ngx.say()\u00a0\u6216\u00a0ngx.print()，\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u5df2\u53d1\u9001，ngx.exit\u00a0\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u72b6\u6001\u7801，error_page\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u3002\u6240\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u5224\u65ad\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u9996\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n \u2461 error_page\u7684=\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4f20\u9012<\/h5>\n# \u274c \u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u9519\u8bef\u7801590，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u770b\u5230\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u6001\u7801
\nerror_page 590 @cache_fallback_backend;<\/p>\n # \u2705 \u4f7f\u7528=\u53f7\u91cd\u5199\u4e3a200，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u770b\u5230\u6b63\u5e38\u54cd\u5e94
\nerror_page 590 =200 @cache_fallback_backend;<\/p>\n # \u2705 \u4f7f\u7528=\u53f7\u91cd\u5199\u4e3a503，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u770b\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528
\nerror_page 592 =503 @cache_static_degraded;<\/p>\n \u2462 internal\u6807\u8bb0\u9632\u6b62\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee<\/h5>\n\u6240\u6709\u964d\u7ea7location\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u00a0internal;，\u5426\u5219\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u00a0\/@cache_fallback_backend\u00a0\u7ed5\u8fc7\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e94\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u964d\u7ea7\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n5.1 \u591a\u7ea7\u964d\u7ea7\u7011\u5e03<\/h4>\nRedis\u53ef\u7528 \u2192 \u8fd4\u56de\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e
\n \u2193 (590)
\n\u6e90\u7ad9\u53ef\u7528 \u2192 \u8fd4\u56de\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e（\u8df3\u8fc7\u7f13\u5b58）
\n \u2193 (592)
\n\u672c\u5730stale\u53ef\u7528 \u2192 \u8fd4\u56de\u8fc7\u671f\u6570\u636e
\n \u2193 (stale miss)
\n\u9759\u6001\u515c\u5e95 \u2192 \u8fd4\u56de\u9884\u8bbeJSON\/HTML
\n \u2193 (\u515c\u5e95\u5931\u8d25)
\n\u6807\u51c6503 \u2192 \u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u9519\u8bef\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n \u5b9e\u73b0\u8981\u70b9：\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ea7\u964d\u7ea7\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u4ecd\u53ef\u89e6\u53d1\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7error_page，\u5f62\u6210\u94fe\u5f0f\u5bb9\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n 5.2 \u57fa\u4e8eHeader\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u964d\u7ea7<\/h4>\n# \u67d0\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u964d\u7ea7（\u5982\u652f\u4ed8\u3001\u9274\u6743）
\nmap $uri $allow_degradation {
\n ~^\/api\/payment\/ 0;
\n ~^\/api\/auth\/ 0;
\n default 1;
\n}<\/p>\n server {
\n # \u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u964d\u7ea7\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8d70error_page
\n if ($allow_degradation = 0) {
\n set $no_fallback 1;
\n }<\/p>\n location \/api\/ {
\n content_by_lua_block {
\n if ngx.var.no_fallback == "1" then
\n — \u7981\u7528\u964d\u7ea7，\u76f4\u63a5\u900f\u4f20\u9519\u8bef
\n cache_handler.strict_mode(true)
\n end
\n — …\u6b63\u5e38\u903b\u8f91
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n 5.3 \u964d\u7ea7\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u7f13\u5b58<\/h4>\n\u964d\u7ea7\u54cd\u5e94\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u77ed\u6682\u7f13\u5b58，\u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u964d\u7ea7\u903b\u8f91：<\/p>\n location @cache_fallback_backend {
\n internal;
\n proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;<\/p>\n # \u2b50 \u964d\u7ea7\u54cd\u5e94\u7f13\u5b585\u79d2，\u51cf\u8f7b\u6e90\u7ad9\u538b\u529b
\n proxy_cache fallback_cache;
\n proxy_cache_valid 200 5s;
\n proxy_cache_key "fallback:$request_uri";
\n proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout;
\n}<\/p>\n 📌\u00a0\u6ce8\u610f：\u964d\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58\u7684TTL\u5fc5\u987b\u6781\u77ed（\u226410s），\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u6e90\u7ad9\u6062\u590d\u540e\u4ecd\u8fd4\u56de\u65e7\u6570\u636e，\u9020\u6210\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u516d\u3001\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027：\u8ba9\u964d\u7ea7\u53ef\u89c1<\/h3>\n6.1 \u964d\u7ea7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f<\/h4>\nlog_format degradation '$remote_addr [$time_local] "$request" '
\n '$status $body_bytes_sent '
\n 'degrade_type=$http_x_cache_degraded '
\n 'original_status=$upstream_status '
\n 'response_time=$request_time';<\/p>\n # \u4ec5\u5728\u964d\u7ea7\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55
\nmap $http_x_cache_degraded $log_degradation {
\n "" 0;
\n default 1;
\n}<\/p>\n access_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/degradation.log degradation if=$log_degradation;<\/p>\n 6.2 Prometheus\u6307\u6807\u66b4\u9732<\/h4>\n— \u5728\u964d\u7ea7\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u9012\u589e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668
\ncontent_by_lua_block {
\n local metrics = ngx.shared.metrics
\n metrics:incr("cache_degradation_total", 1)
\n metrics:incr("cache_degradation_" .. ngx.var.http_x_cache_degraded, 1)
\n — …\u6b63\u5e38\u964d\u7ea7\u903b\u8f91
\n}<\/p>\n Grafana\u9762\u677f\u5e94\u5305\u542b：<\/p>\n \n- \u964d\u7ea7\u7387\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf（\u6309\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u8272）<\/li>\n
- \u964d\u7ea7\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u5e03<\/li>\n
- \u964d\u7ea7\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6e90\u7ad9QPS\u53d8\u5316<\/li>\n
- \u964d\u7ea7\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u95f4（\u4ece\u9996\u6b21\u964d\u7ea7\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u6062\u590d）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
6.3 \u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n– alert: CacheDegradationHigh
\n expr: rate(cache_degradation_total[5m]) > 100
\n for: 1m
\n labels:
\n severity: critical
\n annotations:
\n summary: "\u7f13\u5b58\u964d\u7ea7\u7387\u8d85\u8fc7100\/s，\u6301\u7eed1\u5206\u949f"<\/p>\n – alert: FullDegradationActive
\n expr: cache_degradation_full_degradation > 0
\n for: 30s
\n labels:
\n severity: critical
\n annotations:
\n summary: "\u5168\u91cf\u964d\u7ea7\u5df2\u6fc0\u6d3b，\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u6e90\u7ad9\u5747\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528"<\/p>\n
\n\u4e03\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355<\/h3>\n\n\u68c0\u67e5\u9879\u72b6\u6001\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n \n\n| \u6240\u6709\u964d\u7ea7location\u6807\u8bb0internal<\/td>\n | \u2610<\/td>\n | \u9632\u6b62\u5916\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| error_page\u4f7f\u7528=\u53f7\u91cd\u5199\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/td>\n | \u2610<\/td>\n | \u907f\u514d\u66b4\u9732\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7801\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Lua\u4e2dngx.exit\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u524d\u8c03\u7528<\/td>\n | \u2610<\/td>\n | \u5426\u5219error_page\u4e0d\u751f\u6548<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u964d\u7ea7\u8d85\u65f6\u6bd4\u6b63\u5e38\u8d85\u65f6\u77ed<\/td>\n | \u2610<\/td>\n | \u907f\u514d\u964d\u7ea7\u672c\u8eab\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u964d\u7ea7\u54cd\u5e94\u6709\u660e\u786e\u6807\u8bc6Header<\/td>\n | \u2610<\/td>\n | X-Cache-Degraded\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u76d1\u63a7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u5173\u952e\u63a5\u53e3\u7981\u7528\u964d\u7ea7<\/td>\n | \u2610<\/td>\n | \u652f\u4ed8\/\u9274\u6743\u7b49\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u810f\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u964d\u7ea7\u65e5\u5fd7\u72ec\u7acb\u91c7\u96c6<\/td>\n | \u2610<\/td>\n | \u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6b63\u5e38access_log\u6027\u80fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u964d\u7ea7\u6307\u6807\u63a5\u5165\u544a\u8b66<\/td>\n | \u2610<\/td>\n | \u964d\u7ea7\u662f\u4e8b\u6545，\u4e0d\u662f\u5e38\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u5b9a\u671f\u6f14\u7ec3\u964d\u7ea7\u6d41\u7a0b<\/td>\n | \u2610<\/td>\n | \u6a21\u62dfRedis\u6545\u969c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u94fe\u8def<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u515c\u5e95\u54cd\u5e94\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/td>\n | \u2610<\/td>\n | \u786e\u4fddJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u6b63\u786e\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u89e3\u6790<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n\u516b\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u8e29\u5751\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\u73b0\u8c61\u6839\u56e0\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/tr>\n \n\n| error_page\u672a\u89e6\u53d1<\/td>\n | Lua\u5df2\u53d1\u9001header\u540e\u624dset status<\/td>\n | \u9519\u8bef\u5224\u65ad\u524d\u7f6e，\u9996\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u524dexit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230590\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/td>\n | error_page\u7f3a\u5c11=\u53f7\u91cd\u5199<\/td>\n | \u6539\u4e3aerror_page 590 =200 @handler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u964d\u7ea7location\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n | \u7f3a\u5c11internal\u6307\u4ee4<\/td>\n | \u6dfb\u52a0internal;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u964d\u7ea7\u540e\u6e90\u7ad9\u88ab\u6253\u57ae<\/td>\n | \u964d\u7ea7\u54cd\u5e94\u672a\u505a\u77ed\u65f6\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\n | \u6dfb\u52a0proxy_cache 5s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u964d\u7ea7\u65e5\u5fd7\u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n | log_format\u672a\u5339\u914d\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49Header<\/td>\n | \u68c0\u67e5map\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u5faa\u73af\u964d\u7ea7<\/td>\n | \u964d\u7ea7\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u53c8\u89e6\u53d1\u76f8\u540cerror_page<\/td>\n | \u9650\u5236\u964d\u7ea7\u6df1\u5ea6\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u9519\u8bef\u7801<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Lua pcall\u541e\u6389\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n | pcall\u6210\u529f\u4f46\u8fd4\u56denil\u672a\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n | \u663e\u5f0f\u5224\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6engx.status<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u964d\u7ea7\u54cd\u5e94\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n | \u672a\u8bbe\u7f6edefault_type<\/td>\n | \u6dfb\u52a0default_type application\/json<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u76d1\u63a7\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u964d\u7ea7\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/td>\n | \u6307\u6807\u672a\u5728\u964d\u7ea7\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u9012\u589e<\/td>\n | \u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a@handler\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u8ba1\u6570\u903b\u8f91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u652f\u4ed8\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u964d\u7ea7\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n | \u672a\u6309URI\u6392\u9664\u964d\u7ea7<\/td>\n | map\u914d\u7f6eno_fallback\u6807\u8bb0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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