{"id":87571,"date":"2026-07-30T14:58:31","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T06:58:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/87571.html"},"modified":"2026-07-30T14:58:31","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T06:58:31","slug":"%e3%80%90linux%e7%af%87%e3%80%91%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%97%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%9a%84%e6%80%bb%e6%8c%87%e6%8c%a5-%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e4%b8%8e%e8%b0%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/87571.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux\u7bc7\u3011\u6570\u5b57\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u603b\u6307\u6325\u201d\u2014\u2014\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u8c03\u5ea6\u673a\u5236\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3b\u9875<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u73b0\u6709\u4e13\u680f<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7b97\u6cd5\u7bc7<\/td>\nLinux\u7bc7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QT\u767e\u65e5\u7b51\u57fa\u7bc7<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7bc7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u63a7\u5236<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n

\u76ee\u5f55\/\u7d22\u5f15:<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n

\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e86\u89e3"fork"<\/p>\n

fork\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c：<\/p>\n

fork\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528：<\/p>\n

\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d：<\/p>\n

fork\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

fork\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0：<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62：<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n

\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u7684\u8be6\u89e3：<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62（\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801）\u6307\u4ee4： echo $?\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u7840\u9000\u51fa\u7801：<\/p>\n

1-133\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u5927\u5168：<\/p>\n

Linux Shell\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801:<\/p>\n

errno：\u83b7\u53d6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

1.main\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd4\u56de<\/p>\n

2. \u8c03\u7528exit（\u662fC\u8bed\u8a00\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u63a5\u53e3）<\/p>\n

3. _exit（\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3）<\/p>\n

_exit vs exit:<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u9636\u4e86\u89e3exit and _exit(1)<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7b49\u5f85：<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

wait（）<\/p>\n

waitpid()<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684status（\u8be6\u7ec6，\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u61c2）<\/p>\n

\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85：<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u66ff\u6362<\/p>\n

\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u7406：<\/p>\n

\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd4\u56de：<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u66ff\u6362：<\/p>\n

exec\u5bb6\u65cf：<\/p>\n

execl<\/p>\n

exclp<\/p>\n

\u200b\u7f16\u8f91execv<\/p>\n

execvp<\/p>\n

execle<\/p>\n

execvpe<\/p>\n

execve(\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3)<\/p>\n

\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/h2>\n

\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e86\u89e3"fork"<\/span><\/h3>\n

for\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e0bfork\u7684\u6587\u6863<\/p>\n

man fork <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

fork\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c：<\/span><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6210\u529f\u4f1a\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u56de\u6536），\u5e76\u4e14\u6210\u529f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de0， \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de\u975e0（\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684pid） ， <0\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u90fd\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u6211\u8fd8\u73a9\u4ec0\u4e48\u73a9\u76f4\u63a5return\u3002<\/p>\n

fork\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/h3>\n

1 #include<stdio.h>
\n 2 #include<sys\/types.h>
\n 3 #include<unistd.h>
\n 4
\n 5 int main()
\n 6 {
\n 7 pid_t pi=fork();
\n 8 while(1)
\n 9 {
\n 10 if(pi==0)\/\/\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n 11 {
\n 12 printf("\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\\\\n");
\n 13 sleep(5);
\n 14 }
\n 15
\n 16 else if(pi>0)
\n 17 {
\n 18 printf("\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\\\\n");
\n 19 sleep(5);
\n 20 }
\n 21 else
\n 22 {
\n 23 printf("\u521b\u5efa\u9519\u8bef\\\\n");
\n 24 \/\/\u9519\u8bef\u4e86\u6211\u8fd8\u73a9\u5565\u73a9
\n 25 return 1;
\n 26 }
\n 27 }
\n 28 return 0;
\n 29 }<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c55\u793a：<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eecfork\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u7ed9\u65b0\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u548c\u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7ed9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u7ed9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u4efd，（\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\u5f53\u4e2d， fork\u8fd4\u56de\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528：<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u5982\u679c\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u662fOS（\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4ee3\u7801）\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8dd1\u4e862\u53f0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf， \u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d：<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u5728\u8fdb\u884cfork\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u7684<\/span>， \u4f46\u662ffork\u4e4b\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684<\/span>\u3002（fork\u4e4b\u540e，\u7236\u5b50\u4ee3\u7801\u5171\u4eab， \u7236\u5b50\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165， \u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684）\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165，\u56e0\u4e3a\u6743\u9650\u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684，\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef<\/span>，\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d<\/span>， \u4ed6\u4f1a\u5728\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e00\u4efd<\/span>， \u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u7236\u4e0e\u5b50\u5c31\u80fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58<\/span>\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3：OS\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ed9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4（\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9519\u8bef）\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5229\u7528，\u7b49\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5206\u522b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e86\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5b58\u5728， \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u624d\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u79bb， \u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4fdd\u8bc1！ \u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5ef6\u65f6\u7533\u8bf7\u6280\u672f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u4f53\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

fork\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5：<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e0c\u671b\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u5df1， \u4f7f\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801，\u4f8b\u5982：\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42，\u751f\u6210\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ecefork\u8fd4\u56de\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528exec\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

fork\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0：<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u9875\u8868\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62：<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4f7f\u91ca\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90<\/span>， \u5c31\u662f\u91ca\u653e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91ca\u653e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784（PCB）\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u573a\u666f：<\/span><\/h3>\n

1. \u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c,\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5，\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u4ee3\u7801\u5f02\u5e38\u9000\u51fa（\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf4\u660e\u7684）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7684ctrl+c \u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u8ba9\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u7684\u8be6\u89e3：<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62（\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801） \u6307\u4ee4： echo $?\u00a0<\/span> \u00a0<\/h4>\n

\u4f5c\u7528：\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e5f\u8981\u5199\u9053task_struct\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5728main\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56dereturn 0，\u8fd9\u91cc\u76840\u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

echo $? <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd：<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684c\u8bed\u8a00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5，\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ed6\u4f1a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u6267\u884c， \u5230\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a0\u3002<\/p>\n

#include<stdio.h><\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n printf("\u4f60\u597d\u9000\u51fa\u7801！");<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u5728shell(\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570)\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u50cfls pwd\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684c\u8bed\u8a00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e5f\u80fd\u67e5\u770b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7801？\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6765\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u56fe，\u53d1\u73b0\u679c\u7136\u5982\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684，\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u8bd5\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728add.c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801， \u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u770b\u679c\u7136\u4e0d\u662f0\u662f2，\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a2\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462？？？\u522b\u6025\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u60c5\u51b5，\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf4\u660e：<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528echo $?\u8fd8\u662f2\u5417？？？<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u662f0\u4e3a\u5565\u4e0d\u662f2？？？\u6ce8\u610f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fecho $?\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u7684， \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u6b21\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u989d\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba：<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6307\u4ee4echo $?\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a2\u8fd9\u4e2a2\u662f\u5565\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u7840\u9000\u51fa\u7801：<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

strerror（）<\/span><\/p>\n

\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u6587\u6863：<\/p>\n

man 3 strerror <\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u7528： \u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u4e3b\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bf4\u4eba\u8bdd\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7801， \u4ed6\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u89e3\u91ca，\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u63cf\u8ff0<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u6253\u5370\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9000\u51fa\u7801：<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <string.h><\/p>\n

int main() {
\n for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++)\/\/\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u9000\u51fa\u7801，\u5148\u8bbe\u7f6e200\u4e2a
\n {
\n printf("\u9000\u51fa\u7801：%d \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f%s\\\\n", i , strerror(i));
\n }<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0：<\/p>\n

1.\u679c\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u76840\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9000\u51fa\u7801：\u540e\u9762\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2asuccess\u4ee3\u8868\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u6211\u4eec1\u53f7\u9000\u51fa\u7801：\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u76842\u53f7\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u662f：\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801：134 \u5f80\u540e\u5c31\u6253\u5370\u51faUnknown error 134\u8bf4\u660e\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u662f0-133\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u9644\u5e26\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1-133\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u5927\u5168：<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u6807\u51c6\u542b\u4e49\u573a\u666f\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1<\/td>\n\u901a\u7528\u672a\u77e5\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n\u811a\u672c \/ \u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u7528\u5931\u8d25，\u672a\u7ec6\u5206\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b（\u6700\u5e38\u89c1）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nshell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\nbash \u811a\u672c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u5199\u9519，\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u6821\u9a8c\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u6821\u9a8c\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u6821\u9a8c\u51fa\u9519<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nIO \u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n\u8bfb \/ \u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7ba1\u9053 IO \u5f02\u5e38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u8eab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n\u914d\u7f6e\u52a0\u8f7d\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5d29\u6e83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n\u65e0\u6548\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4 \/ \u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/td>\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u5df2\u5173\u95ed\u3001\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684 fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\nsystem\/exec \u8c03\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\nmalloc\/mmap \u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u5339\u914d<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f20\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2a\u6570\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6570\u683c\u5f0f\u975e\u6cd5<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6570\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n\u6570\u7ec4 \/ \u6307\u9488\u8d8a\u754c<\/td>\n\u5e95\u5c42\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d8a\u754c（C\/C++ \u5e38\u89c1）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5916\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\u8fd4\u56de\u5f02\u5e38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5199<\/td>\n\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u53ea\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bfb<\/td>\n\u65e0\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u635f\u574f\u3001\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n\u7ba1\u9053\u901a\u4fe1\u65ad\u5f00<\/td>\n\u7ba1\u9053\u4e00\u7aef\u63d0\u524d\u5173\u95ed，SIGPIPE \u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n\u76ee\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\ncd\u3001opendir \u65e0\u6743\u9650\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6 \/ \u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\u76ee\u6807\u5df2\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\nopen\/stat \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u4e32\u53e3\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u8bbe\u5907\u4e22\u5931<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\nfork \u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u4e0a\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n\u7528\u6237 \/ \u7ec4 ID \u65e0\u6548<\/td>\nsetuid\/setgid \u6307\u5b9a ID \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6570\u8d85\u51fa\u5408\u6cd5\u8303\u56f4<\/td>\n\u6570\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u8fc7\u5927 \/ \u8fc7\u5c0f\u3001\u8d8a\u754c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u8fc7\u5927<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8d85\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u8d85\u9650<\/td>\n\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fdb\u7a0b ulimit \u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u9650\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u8017\u5c3d<\/td>\n\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3<\/td>\n\u6267\u884c\u3001\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6743\u9650\u5168\u90e8\u62d2\u7edd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d<\/td>\n\u9884\u671f\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6，\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u94fe\u63a5 \/ \u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u9650<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u8fbe\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n\u8de8\u8bbe\u5907\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u7981\u6b62<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u786c\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8fc7\u957f<\/td>\n\u8def\u5f84 \/ \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8d85\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf NAME_MAX \u9650\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u5f02\u5e38<\/td>\nsignal \u6ce8\u518c\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u56de\u8c03\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u9519<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32~63<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e1a\u52a1\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n\u65e0\u7edf\u4e00\u6807\u51c6，\u5404\u8f6f\u4ef6\u81ea\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49（\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5e38\u7528）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nEX_USAGE：\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\nPOSIX \u6807\u51c6，\u53c2\u6570\u975e\u6cd5\u3001\u7f3a\u5931<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nEX_DATAERR：\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u635f\u574f\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5bf9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nEX_NOINPUT：\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u6253\u5f00<\/td>\n\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e22\u5931\u3001\u65e0\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\nEX_NOUSER：\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7528\u6237 id \u65e0\u6548<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nEX_NOHOST：\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\nDNS \u89e3\u6790\u3001hostname \u627e\u4e0d\u5230<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\nEX_UNAVAILABLE：\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528<\/td>\n\u4f9d\u8d56\u670d\u52a1\u672a\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u672a\u76d1\u542c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nEX_SOFTWARE：\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u90e8\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n\u4ee3\u7801 bug\u3001\u65ad\u8a00\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u5d29\u6e83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nEX_OSERR：\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e95\u5c42\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u5185\u6838\u8d44\u6e90\u6545\u969c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nEX_OSFILE：\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6\u635f\u574f<\/td>\n\/etc\/passwd\u3001lib \u5e93\u7f3a\u5931\u635f\u574f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\nEX_CANTCREAT：\u65e0\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u76ee\u5f55\u53ea\u8bfb\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nEX_IOERR：\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199 IO \u786c\u4ef6\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n\u78c1\u76d8\u574f\u9053\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u786c\u4ef6\u6545\u969c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nEX_TEMPFAIL：\u4e34\u65f6\u53ef\u91cd\u8bd5\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n\u8d44\u6e90\u4e34\u65f6\u5360\u7528，\u7a0d\u540e\u53ef\u91cd\u8bd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\nEX_PROTOCOL：\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u4ea4\u4e92\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\nHTTP\/TCP\/ \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u534f\u8bae\u63e1\u624b\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\nEX_NOPERM：\u6743\u9650\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u5185\u6838\u62d2\u7edd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nEX_CONFIG：\u7a0b\u5e8f\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\nconf \u914d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u975e\u6cd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79~127<\/td>\n\u8f6f\u4ef6\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e1a\u52a1\u7801<\/td>\n\u5404\u7c7b\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u811a\u672c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ec6\u5206\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u9000\u51fa\u7801 128 ~ 133（\u4fe1\u53f7\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b：128 + \u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7）<\/p>\n\n\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5e94\u4fe1\u53f7\u4fe1\u53f7\u542b\u4e49 & \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8868\u73b0<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
128<\/td>\n128 + 0<\/td>\n\u65e0<\/td>\n\u6781\u5c11\u51fa\u73b0，\u4fe1\u53f7 0 \u4ec5\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b58\u6d3b，\u4e0d\u7ec8\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\n128 + 1<\/td>\nSIGHUP<\/td>\n\u7ec8\u7aef\u65ad\u5f00\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u9000\u51fa；\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6536\u5230\u5e38\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u542f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\n128 + 2<\/td>\nSIGINT<\/td>\nCtrl+C \u624b\u52a8\u4e2d\u65ad\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u65e5\u5e38\u8c03\u8bd5\u6700\u5e38\u89c1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\n128 + 3<\/td>\nSIGQUIT<\/td>\nCtrl+\\\\ \u9000\u51fa，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u751f\u6210 core dump \u6838\u5fc3\u8f6c\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
132<\/td>\n128 + 4<\/td>\nSIGILL<\/td>\n\u975e\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4，CPU \u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u4ee3\u7801，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1 \/ \u5185\u5b58\u635f\u574f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\n128 + 5<\/td>\nSIGTRAP<\/td>\n\u8c03\u8bd5\u65ad\u70b9\u89e6\u53d1（gdb\/cgdb \u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u65ad\u70b9\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fdb\u7a0b）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u9000\u51fa\u7801：<\/p>\n

\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001， \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd8\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u675f， \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a0\u4ee3\u8868\u6210\u529f，\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u95ee\u9898， \u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a1\u548c0\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u90fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux Shell\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801:<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u57fa\u7840\u9000\u51fa\u7801：<\/p>\n\n\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u542b\u4e49\u8bf4\u660e\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
0<\/td>\n\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f，\u65e0\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\nls\u3001cd\u3001echo \u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\n\u901a\u7528\u672a\u77e5\u9519\u8bef \/ \u4e00\u822c\u6027\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n\u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u666e\u901a\u8fd0\u884c\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u975e\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570<\/td>\nls \u4f20\u5165\u65e0\u6548\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u811a\u672c\u4f20\u53c2\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\n\u547d\u4ee4\u8d85\u65f6（timeout \u547d\u4ee4\u89e6\u53d1）<\/td>\ntimeout 5 sleep 10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
125<\/td>\ntimeout \u81ea\u8eab\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\ntimeout \u4f20\u975e\u6cd5\u9009\u9879<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\n\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6，\u4f46\u65e0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n.\/test.sh \u4f46\u65e0 x \u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\n\u547d\u4ee4\u672a\u627e\u5230，\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n\u8f93\u5165\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684 abc123 \u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\n\u65e0\u6548\u9000\u51fa\u7801（\u9000\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u975e\u6570\u5b57）<\/td>\nexit abc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4fe1\u53f7\u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ec8\u6b62\u65f6，\u9000\u51fa\u7801 = 128 + \u4fe1\u53f7\u503c<\/p>\n\n\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u4fe1\u53f7\u4fe1\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
129<\/td>\n1<\/td>\nSIGHUP<\/td>\n\u7ec8\u7aef\u65ad\u5f00\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6302\u65ad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\n2<\/td>\nSIGINT<\/td>\nCtrl+C \u4e2d\u65ad\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\n3<\/td>\nSIGQUIT<\/td>\nCtrl+\\\\ \u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u751f\u6210 core<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
134<\/td>\n6<\/td>\nSIGABRT<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3b\u52a8 abort \u5d29\u6e83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\n9<\/td>\nSIGKILL<\/td>\nkill -9 \u5f3a\u5236\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
143<\/td>\n15<\/td>\nSIGTERM<\/td>\nkill \u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u811a\u672c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/p>\n\n\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7801\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7528\u9014（\u884c\u4e1a\u901a\u7528\u89c4\u8303）<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
64<\/td>\n\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef（\u6807\u51c6 POSIX）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 \/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u5931\u8d25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\n\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5199\u5165\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n\u670d\u52a1 \/ \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n\u5185\u90e8\u811a\u672c\u5f02\u5e38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\n\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u914d\u7f6e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u201c2\u201d\u53f7：<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u6211\u5df2\u8bfb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5f00， \u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <string.h>
\n#include <errno.h><\/p>\n

int main() {<\/p>\n

FILE* fp=fopen("add.txt","r");<\/p>\n

if(fp==NULL) return errno;
\n \/\/\u6587\u4ef6\u6b63\u5e38
\n \/\/…
\n return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56deerrno，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0b\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de2\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

errno：\u83b7\u53d6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801<\/span><\/h4>\n

man 3 errno <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/span><\/h3>\n

1.main\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd4\u56de<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684main\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7return\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd4\u56de\u9000\u51fa\u7801，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u8bbe\u7f6e， \u4e5f\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7errno\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba9os\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2. \u8c03\u7528exit（\u662fC\u8bed\u8a00\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u63a5\u53e3）<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n

man exit<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u9000\u51fa\u7801， \u548creturn\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u548creturn\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <string.h>
\n#include <errno.h>
\n#include<stdlib.h>
\nint main()
\n{
\n FILE* fp = fopen("add.txt","r");
\n if(fp==NULL) exit(1);
\n \/\/…\u6587\u4ef6\u6b63\u5e38\u88ab\u6253\u5f00
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3. _exit（\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3）<\/span><\/h4>\n

man _exit <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u80af\u5b9a\u7531\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <string.h>
\n#include <errno.h>
\n#include<stdlib.h>
\n#include<unistd.h><\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n FILE* fp = fopen("add.txt","r");
\n if(fp==NULL) _exit(1);
\n \/\/…\u6587\u4ef6\u6b63\u5e38\u88ab\u6253\u5f00
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

_exit vs exit:<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u770b：<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：\u8fd9\u91cc\u6587\u5b57\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\\\\n\u201c，\u56e0\u4e3a\\\\n\u4f1a\u5237\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u770b\u5230exit\u662f\u5237\u65b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include<stdlib.h><\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n printf("\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e32\u6587\u5b57");
\n exit(1);
\n return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u770b\u770b_exit\u5462？<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6ca1\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u6587\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <string.h>
\n#include <errno.h>
\n#include<stdlib.h>
\n#include<unistd.h>
\nint main()
\n{
\n printf("\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e32\u6587\u5b57");
\n _exit(1);
\n return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bba：\u8fd9\u91ccexit\u548c_exit\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5237\u65b0\u4e86\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u5237\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/span>\u662fc\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662fOS\u7684， \u5982\u679c\u662fOS\u7684\u90a3\u4e48_exit\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5237\u65b0\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u662fOS\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u9636\u4e86\u89e3exit and _exit(1)<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053exit\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u3002\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u7684return\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u53ea\u662f\u7ed3\u675f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed3\u675f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <string.h>
\n#include <errno.h>
\n#include<stdlib.h>
\n#include<unistd.h>
\nvoid add()
\n{
\n _exit(1);
\n}
\nint main()
\n{
\n add();
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7b49\u5f85：<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/span><\/h3>\n

– \u4e4b\u524d\u8bb2\u8fc7，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u987e，\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u2018\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u2019\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u8fdb\u800c\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

– \u53e6\u5916，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u65e6\u53d8\u6210\u50f5\u5c38\u72b6\u6001，\u90a3\u5c31\u5200\u67aa\u4e0d\u5165，\u201c\u6740\u4eba\u4e0d\u7728\u773c\u201d\u7684kill -9 \u4e5f\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b，\u56e0\u4e3a\u8c01\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u6740\u6b7b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

– \u6700\u540e，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6d3e\u7ed9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5982\u4f55，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u5982，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6210，\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9，\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f，\u56de\u6536\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90，\u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fwait\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fwaitpid<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u6863<\/p>\n

man wait <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c：<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

wait（）<\/span><\/h5>\n

\u8fd4\u56de\u503c：<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684id， \u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de-1<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570：<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aWIFEXITED（wifexited）：\u82e5\u4e3a\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u72b6\u6001，\u5219\u4e3a\u771f(\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u9000\u51fa)<\/p>\n

WEXITSTATUS：\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528NULL： \u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

while :;do ps axj | head -1 && ps axj |grep test; sleep 1;done <\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8dd1，\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u5e94\u8be5\u65e9\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86，\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728shell\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u6302\u8d77\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u50f5\u5c38，\u800c\u662f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f，\u5c06\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n

#include<stdio.h>
\n#include<sys\/wait.h>
\n#include<sys\/types.h>
\n#include<unistd.h>
\n#include<stdlib.h><\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n pid_t pi = fork();
\n if(pi == 0)
\n {
\n \/\/\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n int cnt=5;
\n while(cnt–)
\n {
\n printf("\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7684id:%d,\u6211\u7684id\u662f%d \\\\n",getppid(),getpid());
\n }
\n sleep(10);
\n }<\/p>\n

else if (pi >0)
\n {
\n \/\/\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n wait(NULL);
\n }<\/p>\n

else
\n {
\n \/\/\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38
\n printf("error fail!");
\n exit(-1);
\n }
\n return 0;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

wait\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5：<\/p>\n

1.\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

2.id\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u7684status>>8\u5230\u540e\u9762\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u5199\u6cd5\u4e00：\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n

#include<stdio.h>
\n#include<sys\/wait.h>
\n#include<sys\/types.h>
\n#include<unistd.h>
\n#include<stdlib.h><\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n pid_t pi = fork();
\n if(pi == 0)
\n {
\n \/\/\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n int cnt=5;
\n while(cnt–)
\n {
\n printf("\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7684id:%d,\u6211\u7684id\u662f%d \\\\n",getppid(),getpid());
\n }
\n sleep(10);
\n }<\/p>\n

else if (pi >0)
\n {
\n \/\/\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n int status =0 ;
\n wait(&status);
\n printf("\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a：%d\\\\n", (status>>8)&0XFF);
\n }<\/p>\n

else
\n {
\n \/\/\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38
\n printf("error fail!");
\n exit(-1);
\n }
\n return 0;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2.\u5199\u6cd5\u4e8c：\u91c7\u7528\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u5c06\u4ed6\u8fdb\u884c\u624b\u52a8\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u3002\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801，\u8fd9\u4e0e\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u6709\u5173，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7ed9\u4f60\u8fdb\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n

#include<stdio.h>
\n#include<sys\/wait.h>
\n#include<sys\/types.h>
\n#include<unistd.h>
\n#include<stdlib.h><\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n pid_t pi = fork();
\n if(pi == 0)
\n {
\n \/\/\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n int cnt=5;
\n while(cnt–)
\n {
\n printf("\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7684id:%d,\u6211\u7684id\u662f%d \\\\n",getppid(),getpid());
\n }
\n sleep(10);
\n }<\/p>\n

else if (pi >0)
\n {
\n \/\/\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n int status =0;
\n wait(&status);
\n printf("\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a：%d\\\\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
\n }<\/p>\n

else
\n {
\n \/\/\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38
\n printf("error fail!");
\n exit(-1);
\n }
\n return 0;<\/p>\n

} <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

waitpid()<\/h5>\n

\u8fd4\u56de\u503c：<\/p>\n

waitpid()：\u8c03\u7528\u6210\u529f\u65f6，\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b PID； \u82e5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 WNOHANG \u975e\u963b\u585e\u6807\u5fd7，\u4e14\u5b58\u5728\u5339\u914d pid \u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u4f46\u8be5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8，\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 0； \u8c03\u7528\u51fa\u9519\u65f6，\u8fd4\u56de -1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u6570：<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91ccwaitpid\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *wstatus, int options); <\/p>\n

pid:<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0pid==-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b， \u4e0ewait\u7b49\u6548<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0pid>0 \u4ee3\u8868\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684pid\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

wstatus：<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e0ewait\u7684status\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aWIFEXITED（wifexited）：\u82e5\u4e3a\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u72b6\u6001，\u5219\u4e3a\u771f(\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u9000\u51fa)<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 WEXITSTATUS：\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528NULL： \u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

options:（\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u8be6\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u4e0d\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u7684）<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f0，\u8868\u793a\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0WNOHANG ：\u82e5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684pid\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f，\u4e0d\u4e0e\u7b49\u5f85， \u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f， \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684pid\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b49\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u7684id\u4e3api\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n

#include<stdio.h>
\n#include<sys\/wait.h>
\n#include<sys\/types.h>
\n#include<unistd.h>
\n#include<stdlib.h><\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n pid_t pi = fork();
\n if(pi == 0)
\n {
\n \/\/\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n int cnt=5;
\n while(cnt–)
\n {
\n printf("\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7684id:%d,\u6211\u7684id\u662f%d \\\\n",getppid(),getpid());
\n }
\n sleep(10);
\n }<\/p>\n

else if (pi >0)
\n {
\n \/\/\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n \/\/ int status =0;
\n \/\/ wait(&status);
\n \/\/ printf("\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a：%d\\\\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
\n int status =0;
\n waitpid(pi, &status, 0);\/\/\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85
\n printf("\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a：%d\\\\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
\n }<\/p>\n

else
\n {
\n \/\/\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38
\n printf("error fail!");
\n exit(-1);
\n }
\n return 0;<\/p>\n

} <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u5982\u679c\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u9000\u51fa，\u8c03\u7528 wait\/waitpid \u65f6，wait\/waitpid \u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de，\u5e76\u4e14\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90，\u83b7\u5f97\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5982\u679c\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\u8c03\u7528 wait\/waitpid，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c，\u5219\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5219\u7acb\u5373\u51fa\u9519\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684status（\u8be6\u7ec6，\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u61c2）<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u770b\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u7684status\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aint\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2aint\u662f4\u4e2abyte，1\u4e2abyte\u662f8\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u7684int\u662f4×8=32\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u7684status\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236：<\/span><\/p>\n

    0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u524d16\u4f4d\u5f03\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u5b58\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u540e16\u4f4d（15-8）\u4e2d\u7684\u6b21\u524d8\u4f4d\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u7801，\u5269\u4f59\u76848\u4f4d\u5b58\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u7684\u5730\u65b9，\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u662f1，\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684status\u662f：<\/span><\/p>\n

    0000 0000 0000 0000\u00a00000 0001\u00a00000 0000<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u8981\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684status>>8\u4f4d，\u7136\u540e&\u4e0a0XFF\u53d6\u51fa\u524d8\u4f4d\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8bb2\u89e3（\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5199\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u770b\u770b\u4fe1\u53f7）.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684cor dump\u53ea\u5360\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f02\u5e38\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u5c31\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u67e5\u770b\u201c9\u201d\u53f7\u4fe1\u53f7：<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3a\u5565\u8981&0X7F\u5462？？<\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u53ea\u8981\u524d7\u4f4d\u7b2c8\u4f4d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662fcore dump<\/p>\n

    #include<stdio.h>
    \n#include<sys\/wait.h>
    \n#include<sys\/types.h>
    \n#include<unistd.h>
    \n#include<stdlib.h><\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n pid_t pi = fork();
    \n if(pi == 0)
    \n {
    \n \/\/\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
    \n while(1)
    \n {
    \n printf("\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7684id:%d,\u6211\u7684id\u662f%d \\\\n",getppid(),getpid());
    \n sleep(3);
    \n }
    \n }<\/p>\n

    else if (pi >0)
    \n {
    \n \/\/\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
    \n \/\/ int status =0;
    \n \/\/ wait(&status);
    \n \/\/ printf("\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a：%d\\\\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
    \n int status =0;
    \n waitpid(pi, &status, 0);\/\/\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85
    \n printf("\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a：%d\\\\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
    \n printf("\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f4d:%d\\\\n", status & 0X7F);
    \n }<\/p>\n

    else
    \n {
    \n \/\/\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38
    \n printf("error fail!");
    \n exit(-1);
    \n }
    \n return 0;<\/p>\n

    } <\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u75289\u53f7\u4fe1\u53f7\u6740\u6b7b\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b，<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u503c\u662f9\u53f7\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5bf9\u5e94\u768411\u53f7\u4fe1\u53f7：<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f：<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include<stdio.h>
    \n#include<sys\/wait.h>
    \n#include<sys\/types.h>
    \n#include<unistd.h>
    \n#include<stdlib.h><\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n pid_t pi = fork();
    \n if(pi == 0)
    \n {
    \n \/\/\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
    \n while(1)
    \n {
    \n \/\/ printf("\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7684id:%d,\u6211\u7684id\u662f%d \\\\n",getppid(),getpid());
    \n \/\/ sleep(3);
    \n int * ptr =0;\/\/ptr\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6307\u9488
    \n *ptr=10;\/\/\u5bf9\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u8fdb\u884c*\u64cd\u4f5c
    \n }
    \n }<\/p>\n

    else if (pi >0)
    \n {
    \n \/\/\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
    \n \/\/ int status =0;
    \n \/\/ wait(&status);
    \n \/\/ printf("\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a：%d\\\\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
    \n int status =0;
    \n waitpid(pi, &status, 0);\/\/\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85
    \n printf("\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a：%d\\\\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
    \n printf("\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f4d:%d\\\\n", status & 0X7F);
    \n }<\/p>\n

    else
    \n {
    \n \/\/\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38
    \n printf("error fail!");
    \n exit(-1);
    \n }
    \n return 0;<\/p>\n

    }<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u662f11\u53f7\u4fe1\u53f7，11\u53f7\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

    kill -l <\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u6bb5\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85：<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bf4\u660e， \u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u7b49\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u675f， \u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85：\u201c \u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include <stdio.h>
    \n#include <stdlib.h>
    \n#include <sys\/types.h>
    \n#include <sys\/wait.h>
    \n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

    int main() {
    \n pid_t pi = fork();
    \n if (pi == 0) {
    \n \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
    \n int cnt = 2;
    \n while (cnt–) {
    \n printf("\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7684id:%d,\u6211\u7684id\u662f%d \\\\n", getppid(), getpid());
    \n sleep(3);
    \n }
    \n }<\/p>\n

    else if (pi > 0) {
    \n \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
    \n \/\/ int status =0;
    \n \/\/ wait(&status);
    \n \/\/ printf("\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a：%d\\\\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
    \n int status = 0;
    \n int ret =0;
    \n while (ret == 0) {
    \n ret = waitpid(pi, &status, WNOHANG); \/\/ \u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85
    \n printf("\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a：%d\\\\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
    \n printf("\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f4d:%d\\\\n", status & 0X7F);
    \n sleep(2);
    \n }
    \n printf("\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a：%d\\\\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
    \n printf("\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f4d:%d\\\\n", status & 0X7F);
    \n }<\/p>\n

    else {
    \n \/\/ \u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38
    \n printf("error fail!");
    \n exit(-1);
    \n }
    \n return 0;
    \n} <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u66ff\u6362<\/span><\/h2>\n

    fork()\u4e4b\u540e，\u7236\u5b50\u5404\u81ea\u6267\u884c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u60f3\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5462？\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd！<\/p>\n

    \u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u63a5\u53e3，\u52a0\u8f7d\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f(\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e)，\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u8c03\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d！<\/p>\n

    \u66ff\u6362\u539f\u7406：<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u7528 fork \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u548c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f (\u4f46\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u652f), \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u79cd exec \u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u79cd exec \u51fd\u6570\u65f6，\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362，\u4ece\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8c03\u7528 exec \u5e76\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u6240\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 exec \u524d\u540e\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 id \u5e76\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u3002 \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362，\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u662f\u8986\u76d6\u5f0f\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5462？\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6765\u89c1\u4e00\u89c1\u628a\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230：execl\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u66ff\u6362\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863：<\/p>\n

    man execl<\/p>\n

    \u53c2\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662fpath：\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662fagr：\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u600e\u4e48\u8fdb\u884c\u6267\u884c，\u6211\u4eec\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u600e\u4e48\u5199\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u600e\u4e48\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6d45\u6d45\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6ce8\u610f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8981\u4ee5NULL\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include<stdio.h>
    \n#include<unistd.h><\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n execl("\/usr\/bin\/ls", "ls", "-l","-a",NULL);
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\\\\n");
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c，\u8fd9\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u66ff\u6362<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199c++， python，php， shell\u811a\u672c…..\u7b49\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u4e66\u5199\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2ac++\u7a0b\u5e8f：<\/p>\n

    #include<iostream>
    \n#include<cstdio><\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n std::cout<<"\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2ac++\u7a0b\u5e8f"<< std::endl;<\/p>\n

    return 0;
    \n} <\/p>\n

    \u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5728c\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u7528：（\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u63d0\u524d\u7f16\u8bd1）<\/p>\n

    c\u8bed\u8a00\u7a0b\u5e8f：<\/p>\n

    #include<stdio.h>
    \n#include<unistd.h><\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n execl(".\/ctest", ".\/ctest",NULL);
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\\\\n");
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u5c06c++\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u66ff\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b：<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684c++\u7a0b\u5e8f：<\/p>\n

    #include<iostream>
    \n#include<cstdio>
    \n#include<unistd.h>
    \n#include<sys\/types.h><\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n std::cout<<"\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2ac++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6211\u7684id\u662f" << getpid()<<std::endl;<\/p>\n

    return 0;
    \n} <\/p>\n

    c:<\/p>\n

    #include<stdio.h>
    \n#include<unistd.h><\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n printf("\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2ac\u8bed\u8a00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6211\u7684id：%d\\\\n", getpid());
    \n execl(".\/ctest", ".\/ctest",NULL);
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\\\\n");
    \n return 0;
    \n} <\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u7684id\u4e00\u6478\u4e00\u6837\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6267\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd4\u56de：<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6211\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u529f\u65f6，execl\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684，\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981，\u6709\u4e5f\u6ca1\u7528， \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u5462？？？\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u65f6， \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u4e86， \u6211\u4eec\u540e\u9762\u62ff\u5230\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u6211\u4eec\u7684return\u4e5f\u662f\u6ca1\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u9000\u51fa\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f4dexit（1）\u8fd9\u4e48\u7684\u8fdb\u884c，\u8868\u793a\u66ff\u6362\u5931\u8d25， \u540e\u7eed\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762\u90a3\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include<stdio.h>
    \n#include<unistd.h>
    \n#include<unistd.h>
    \n#include<sys\/types.h>
    \n#include<stdlib.h><\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n printf("\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2ac\u8bed\u8a00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6211\u7684id:%d\\\\n", getpid());
    \n execl(".\/ctest", ".\/ctest",NULL);
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\\\\n");
    \n exit(-1);
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u66ff\u6362：<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u66ff\u6362，\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include <stdio.h>
    \n#include <stdlib.h>
    \n#include <sys\/types.h>
    \n#include <unistd.h>
    \n#include<sys\/wait.h><\/p>\n

    int main() {
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n pid_t pi = fork();
    \n if (pi == 0) {
    \n execl(".\/ctest", ".\/ctest", NULL);
    \n exit(-1);
    \n }
    \n waitpid(pi, NULL, 0);
    \n printf("\u56de\u6536\u6210\u529f\\\\n");
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u5462？？？<\/p>\n

    1.\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

    2.\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5199\u65f6\u8003\u5457\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6700\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

    exec\u5bb6\u65cf：<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u521a\u624d\u770b\u6587\u6863\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570：<\/p>\n

    man execl<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    execl<\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u8bed\u6cd5：<\/span><\/p>\n

    int execl(const char *pathname, const char *arg, …）<\/p>\n

    #include <stdio.h>
    \n#include <stdlib.h>
    \n#include <sys\/types.h>
    \n#include <unistd.h>
    \n#include<sys\/wait.h><\/p>\n

    int main() {
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n pid_t pi = fork();
    \n if (pi == 0) {
    \n execl("\/usr\/bin\/ls", "ls","-l","-a", NULL);
    \n exit(-1);
    \n }
    \n waitpid(pi, NULL, 0);
    \n printf("\u56de\u6536\u6210\u529f\\\\n");
    \n return 0;
    \n} <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    exclp<\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u8bed\u6cd5：<\/span><\/p>\n

    int execlp(const char *file, const char *arg, …);<\/p>\n

    \u7279\u70b9：\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 p\u662fPATH\u7684\u610f\u601d\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u81ea\u5e26\u8def\u5f84， \u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684ls\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837，\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2als\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u8981\u6267\u884c\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6， \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u6211\u60f3\u600e\u4e48\u8fdb\u884c\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u643a\u5e26\u8def\u5f84\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include <stdio.h>
    \n#include <stdlib.h>
    \n#include <sys\/types.h>
    \n#include <unistd.h>
    \n#include<sys\/wait.h><\/p>\n

    int main() {
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n pid_t pi = fork();
    \n if (pi == 0) {
    \n execlp("ls", "ls","-l","-a", NULL);
    \n exit(-1);
    \n }
    \n waitpid(pi, NULL, 0);
    \n printf("\u56de\u6536\u6210\u529f\\\\n");
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \"\"execv<\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u8bed\u6cd5：<\/span><\/p>\n

    int execv(const char *pathname, char *const argv[]);<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709p\u8bf4\u660e\u8981\u5e26\u8def\u5f84，\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u9762\u7684argv\u4ee3\u8868\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684argv\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u6211\u4e48\u8981\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6570\u7ec4\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f：\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u8981\u4ee5NULL\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/span><\/p>\n

    #include <stdio.h>
    \n#include <stdlib.h>
    \n#include <sys\/types.h>
    \n#include <unistd.h>
    \n#include<sys\/wait.h><\/p>\n

    int main() {
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n pid_t pi = fork();
    \n char* const arg[10]={
    \n "ls",
    \n "-l",
    \n "-a",
    \n NULL
    \n };
    \n if (pi == 0) {
    \n execv("\/usr\/bin\/ls",arg);
    \n exit(-1);
    \n }
    \n waitpid(pi, NULL, 0);
    \n printf("\u56de\u6536\u6210\u529f\\\\n");
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    execvp<\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u8bed\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

    int execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);<\/p>\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u5b57\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u6709p\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8def\u5f84，\u6709v\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u4f20\u5165\u4ee5\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

    #include <stdio.h>
    \n#include <stdlib.h>
    \n#include <sys\/types.h>
    \n#include <unistd.h>
    \n#include<sys\/wait.h><\/p>\n

    int main() {
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n pid_t pi = fork();
    \n char* const arg[10]={
    \n "ls",
    \n "-l",
    \n "-a",
    \n NULL
    \n };
    \n if (pi == 0) {
    \n execvp("ls",arg);
    \n exit(-1);
    \n }
    \n waitpid(pi, NULL, 0);
    \n printf("\u56de\u6536\u6210\u529f\\\\n");
    \n return 0;
    \n} <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    execle<\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u8bed\u6cd5：<\/span><\/p>\n

    int execle(const char *pathname, const char *arg, …char *const envp[]） \u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u6709\u6ca1\u6709p\u8981\u4f20\u8def\u5f84，\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709v\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u662f\u4f20\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u3002\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u7684e\u5462？<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684e\u4ee3\u8868env\u8981\u4f20\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u4f20\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1：<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f：<\/p>\n

    #include <iostream><\/p>\n

    int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[]) {
    \n \/\/ \u6253\u5370\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570
    \n for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
    \n printf("\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570argv[%d]\u2014\u2014>%s\\\\n",i,argv[i]);
    \n }<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u6253\u5370\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf
    \n for (int i = 0; env[i]; i++) {
    \n printf("env[%d]\u2014\u2014>%s\\\\n", i, env[i]);
    \n }<\/p>\n

    return 0;
    \n} <\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u7684c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f：<\/p>\n

    \u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b，\u6211\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u5230\u7684\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4， \u6211\u4e48\u90fd\u5c06\u4ee5argv\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u7684main\u51fd\u6570\u3002env\u4f20\u7ed9\u4e86main\u7684env\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e0b\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ed3\u679c，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include <stdio.h>
    \n#include <stdlib.h>
    \n#include <sys\/types.h>
    \n#include <unistd.h>
    \n#include<sys\/wait.h><\/p>\n

    char* const envp[]={
    \n "zhibu = 1234",
    \n "PATH =1011",
    \n NULL
    \n};<\/p>\n

    int main() {
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n pid_t pi = fork();
    \n char* const arg[10]={
    \n "ls",
    \n "-l",
    \n "-a",
    \n NULL
    \n };
    \n if (pi == 0) {
    \n execle(".\/ccpp","ccpp","-a", "-b",NULL , envp);
    \n exit(-1);
    \n }
    \n waitpid(pi, NULL, 0);
    \n printf("\u56de\u6536\u6210\u529f\\\\n");
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u67e5\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u679c，\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898，\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u50cf\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u8bd5\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ed9\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462？？？\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    1.\u4f7f\u7528putenv\u8fdb\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

    man putenv <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528execle\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528execl<\/p>\n

    #include <stdio.h>
    \n#include <stdlib.h>
    \n#include <sys\/types.h>
    \n#include <sys\/wait.h>
    \n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

    char *const envp[] = {"zhibu = 1234", "PATH =1011", NULL};<\/p>\n

    int main() {
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n pid_t pi = fork();
    \n char *const arg[10] = {"ls", "-l", "-a", NULL};
    \n if (pi == 0) {
    \n putenv("zhibu = 1234");
    \n execl(".\/ccpp", "ccpp", "-a", "-b", NULL);
    \n exit(-1);
    \n }
    \n waitpid(pi, NULL, 0);
    \n printf("\u56de\u6536\u6210\u529f\\\\n");
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6307\u9488：environ<\/p>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u58f0\u660eextern** eniron<\/p>\n

    #include <stdio.h>
    \n#include <stdlib.h>
    \n#include <sys\/types.h>
    \n#include <sys\/wait.h>
    \n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

    extern char **environ;
    \nchar *const addenv[] = {"zhibu = 1234", "PATH =1011", NULL};
    \nchar *const arg[10] = {"ls", "-l", "-a", NULL};<\/p>\n

    int main() {
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n pid_t pi = fork();
    \n if (pi == 0) {<\/p>\n

    for(int i=0;addenv[i];i++)
    \n {
    \n putenv(addenv[i]);
    \n }<\/p>\n

    execle(".\/ccpp", "ccpp", "-a", "-b", NULL,environ);
    \n exit(-1);
    \n }
    \n waitpid(pi, NULL, 0);
    \n printf("\u56de\u6536\u6210\u529f\\\\n");
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    execvpe<\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u8bed\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

    int execvpe(const char *file, char *const argv[],char *const envp[]);<\/p>\n

    #define _GNU_SOURCE \/\/\u5f00\u542fGNU\u6269\u5c55，\u8bc6\u522bexecvpe
    \n#include <stdio.h>
    \n#include <stdlib.h>
    \n#include <sys\/types.h>
    \n#include <sys\/wait.h>
    \n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

    char *const envp[] = {"zhibu = 1234", "PATH =1011", NULL};
    \nchar *const arg[10] = {"ccpp", "-l", "-a", NULL};<\/p>\n

    int main() {
    \n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c!\\\\n");
    \n pid_t pi = fork();
    \n if (pi == 0) {
    \n execvpe("ccpp",arg, envp);
    \n exit(-1);
    \n }
    \n waitpid(pi, NULL, 0);
    \n printf("\u56de\u6536\u6210\u529f\\\\n");
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n

    execve(\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3)<\/h4>\n

    man execve <\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u76846\u4e2a\u662f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5c01\u88c5，\u4ed6\u4eec6\u4e2a\u5e95\u5c42\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684execve，\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5e95\u5c42\u4f20\u7684path，argv，env\u90fd\u662f\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f20\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u4f20\u6211\u4eec\u7684env，\u6211\u4eec\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u4e0b\u7bc7\u9884\u544a：shell\u7684\u7f16\u5199<\/p>\n

    \u5b8c\u7ed3<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u4f5c\u8005\u4e3b\u9875
    \n\u73b0\u6709\u4e13\u680f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7bc7Linux\u7bc7QT\u767e\u65e5\u7b51\u57fa\u7bc7\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7bc7
    \n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u63a7\u5236 \u76ee\u5f55\/\u7d22\u5f15:
    \n\u76ee\u5f55
    \n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa
    \n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa
    \n\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e86\u89e3\\”fork\\”
    \nfork\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c：
    \nfork\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4f7f\u7528
    \n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528：
    \n\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d：
    \nfork\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5：
    \nfork\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0：
    \n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62：
    \n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u573a\u666f：
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