{"id":87218,"date":"2026-07-30T02:32:23","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T18:32:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/87218.html"},"modified":"2026-07-30T02:32:23","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T18:32:23","slug":"7-%e6%9c%88%e9%ab%98%e9%a2%91%e7%ae%97%e6%b3%95%e9%a2%98%e5%9b%9e%e9%a1%be%ef%bc%9a%e6%bb%91%e5%8a%a8%e7%aa%97%e5%8f%a3%e3%80%81%e5%8f%8c%e6%8c%87%e9%92%88%e4%b8%8e%e5%8d%95%e8%b0%83%e6%a0%88%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/87218.html","title":{"rendered":"7 \u6708\u9ad8\u9891\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u56de\u987e\uff1a\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u53cc\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u5355\u8c03\u6808\u7684\u7cbe\u8fdb"},"content":{"rendered":"

7 \u6708\u9ad8\u9891\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u56de\u987e：\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u53cc\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u5355\u8c03\u6808\u7684\u7cbe\u8fdb<\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6df1\u5ea6\u5f15\u8a00\u4e0e\u573a\u666f\u75db\u70b9：\u5237\u4e86\u4e09\u904d\u8fd8\u5199\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u7a97\u53e3<\/h3>\n

\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u53cc\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5355\u8c03\u6808\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6280\u5de7\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c"\u7ebf\u578b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e09\u677f\u65a7"\u30027 \u6708\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u9898，\u8d85\u8fc7 40% \u7684\u9898\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u4f18\u96c5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4f46\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u65e0\u6570\u6b21\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u573a\u666f：\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u6c42\u6700\u957f\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u4e32，\u5199\u5f97\u987a\u624b，\u4f46\u9047\u5230"\u6700\u591a\u5305\u542b K \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u957f\u5b50\u4e32"\u65f6，\u540c\u6837\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5374\u600e\u4e48\u8c03\u90fd\u901a\u4e0d\u8fc7\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u51fa\u5728"\u7a97\u53e3\u6536\u7f29\u6761\u4ef6"\u548c"\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u673a"\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0a\u30027 \u6708\u6211\u628a\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u904d，\u6bcf\u9053\u9898\u90fd\u753b\u4e86\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u56fe\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8bb0\u5f55\u7cbe\u8fdb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u539f\u7406\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790：\u4e09\u79cd\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7edf\u4e00<\/h3>\n

\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f"\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u533a\u95f4，\u5728\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u4e0a\u505a\u589e\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97"\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c：\u7a97\u53e3\u6269\u5f20\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001，\u7a97\u53e3\u6536\u7f29\u65f6\u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u662f"\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u6536\u7f29\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f"\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5 LeetCode 3（\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u957f\u5b50\u4e32）\u4e3a\u4f8b：\u9047\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6，\u5148\u6536\u7f29\u7a97\u53e3\u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6？\u7b54\u6848\u662f：\u5148\u6536\u7f29（\u628a\u91cd\u590d\u5b57\u7b26\u79fb\u51fa），\u518d\u66f4\u65b0\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u957f\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u8fb9\u754c，\u5982\u679c\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u8fd8\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u5b57\u7b26，\u6b64\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53cc\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f"\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5728\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u4e0a\u505a\u6587\u7ae0"\u3002\u5bf9\u649e\u6307\u9488\u4f9d\u8d56\u6570\u7ec4\u6709\u5e8f，\u5feb\u6162\u6307\u9488\u4f9d\u8d56\u6b65\u957f\u5dee\u5f02，\u5206\u79bb\u6307\u9488\u5219\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u524d\u63d0\u662f：\u6307\u9488\u79fb\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u5355\u8c03\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5355\u8c03\u6808\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u662f"\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8c03\u5e8f\u5217，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u7b54\u6848"\u3002\u5f53\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u7834\u574f\u5355\u8c03\u6027\u65f6，\u88ab\u5f39\u51fa\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5c31\u627e\u5230\u4e86"\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\/\u66f4\u5c0f"\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a"\u5f39\u51fa\u5373\u662f\u627e\u5230\u7b54\u6848"\u7684\u7279\u6027，\u662f\u5355\u8c03\u6808\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd O(n) \u89e3\u51b3\u533a\u95f4\u6781\u503c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5：\u4e09\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5316\u5c01\u88c5<\/h3>\n

"""
\n\u9ad8\u9891\u7b97\u6cd5\u6a21\u677f\u5e93 \u2014\u2014 \u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u53cc\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5355\u8c03\u6808
\n\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807：\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801，\u800c\u975e\u7ade\u8d5b\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6781\u7b80\u5b9e\u73b0
\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u5305\u542b：\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91 + \u8fb9\u754c\u5904\u7406 + \u65f6\u7a7a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6ce8\u91ca
\n"""
\nfrom collections import Counter, deque
\nfrom typing import List<\/p>\n

# ========== \u6a21\u677f\u4e00：\u53ef\u53d8\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3 ==========
\ndef longest_substring_with_k_distinct(s: str, k: int) -> int:
\n """
\n LeetCode 340：\u6700\u591a\u5305\u542b K \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u957f\u5b50\u4e32
\n \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6：O(n)，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6700\u591a\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u548c\u79fb\u9664\u5404\u4e00\u6b21
\n \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6：O(k)，\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4ec5\u5b58\u50a8 k \u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u8ba1\u6570<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8981\u70b9：
\n 1. \u7a97\u53e3\u7528\u5de6\u53f3\u6307\u9488 [left, right) \u8868\u793a，\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n 2. \u8ba1\u6570\u7528 Counter，\u5b83\u662f dict \u7684\u5b50\u7c7b，\u5728 O(1) \u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u589e\u51cf
\n 3. \u6536\u7f29\u6761\u4ef6\u5728\u6269\u5f20\u4e4b\u540e\u5224\u65ad，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a97\u53e3\u72b6\u6001\u59cb\u7ec8\u6709\u6548
\n """
\n if k == 0 or not s:
\n return 0 # \u8fb9\u754c：\u65e0\u5b57\u7b26\u6216 K=0 \u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de<\/p>\n

counter: Counter[str] = Counter() # \u5f53\u524d\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u8ba1\u6570
\n left = 0
\n max_len = 0<\/p>\n

for right, ch in enumerate(s):
\n counter[ch] += 1 # \u6269\u5f20\u7a97\u53e3：\u603b\u662f\u5148\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u7eb3\u5165\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n

# \u6536\u7f29\u6761\u4ef6：\u4e0d\u540c\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7 K
\n # \u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f while \u800c\u975e if，\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u6536\u7f29
\n while len(counter) > k:
\n left_char = s[left]
\n counter[left_char] -= 1
\n if counter[left_char] == 0:
\n # \u8ba1\u6570\u5f52\u96f6\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5220\u9664 key，\u5426\u5219 len(counter) \u4e0d\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11
\n del counter[left_char]
\n left += 1<\/p>\n

# \u6b64\u65f6\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u5b57\u7b26\u6570 \u2264 K，\u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6
\n # \u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u673a\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6536\u7f29\u4e4b\u540e，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a97\u53e3\u6709\u6548
\n max_len = max(max_len, right – left + 1)<\/p>\n

return max_len<\/p>\n

# ========== \u6a21\u677f\u4e8c：\u5feb\u6162\u6307\u9488（\u73af\u5f62\u68c0\u6d4b） ==========
\ndef find_duplicate(nums: List[int]) -> int:
\n """
\n LeetCode 287：\u5bfb\u627e\u91cd\u590d\u6570（Floyd \u5224\u5708\u7b97\u6cd5）
\n \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6：O(n)
\n \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6：O(1)，\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3：\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u89c6\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868，\u503c\u4ee3\u8868 next \u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7684\u4e0b\u6807
\n \u5982\u679c\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u6570，\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u73af
\n slow \u6bcf\u6b21\u8d70\u4e00\u6b65，fast \u6bcf\u6b21\u8d70\u4e24\u6b65，\u76f8\u9047\u540e\u5728\u73af\u5185\u4ece\u5934\u540c\u6b65\u8d70
\n """
\n # \u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5：\u68c0\u6d4b\u73af\u7684\u5b58\u5728
\n slow = fast = nums[0]
\n while True:
\n slow = nums[slow] # \u6162\u6307\u9488\u8d70\u4e00\u6b65
\n fast = nums[nums[fast]] # \u5feb\u6307\u9488\u8d70\u4e24\u6b65
\n if slow == fast:
\n break # \u76f8\u9047，\u786e\u8ba4\u6709\u73af<\/p>\n

# \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5：\u627e\u73af\u7684\u5165\u53e3（\u5373\u91cd\u590d\u6570）
\n slow = nums[0] # \u6162\u6307\u9488\u56de\u5230\u8d77\u70b9
\n while slow != fast:
\n slow = nums[slow]
\n fast = nums[fast]
\n # \u6b64\u65f6 slow\/ fast \u6307\u5411\u73af\u7684\u5165\u53e3，\u5373\u91cd\u590d\u6570
\n return slow<\/p>\n

# ========== \u6a21\u677f\u4e09：\u5355\u8c03\u9012\u51cf\u6808（\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u5143\u7d20） ==========
\ndef daily_temperatures(temperatures: List[int]) -> List[int]:
\n """
\n LeetCode 739：\u6bcf\u65e5\u6e29\u5ea6
\n \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6：O(n)，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6700\u591a\u5165\u6808\u51fa\u6808\u5404\u4e00\u6b21
\n \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6：O(n)，\u6808\u6700\u591a\u5b58\u50a8 n \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u5de7：\u6808\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0b\u6807\u800c\u975e\u503c，\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u6807\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u503c\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5dee
\n \u8fd9\u662f\u5355\u8c03\u6808\u6a21\u677f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9009\u62e9
\n """
\n n = len(temperatures)
\n result = [0] * n # \u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4，\u9ed8\u8ba4 0 \u8868\u793a\u672a\u627e\u5230
\n stack: List[int] = [] # \u5355\u8c03\u9012\u51cf\u6808（\u5b58\u4e0b\u6807）<\/p>\n

for i, temp in enumerate(temperatures):
\n # \u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u6808\u9876\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c \u2192 \u5f39\u51fa\u6808\u9876\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c
\n while stack and temp > temperatures[stack[-1]]:
\n prev_idx = stack.pop() # \u5f39\u51fa\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20
\n result[prev_idx] = i – prev_idx # \u5929\u6570\u5dee
\n # \u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u4e0b\u6807\u5165\u6808
\n stack.append(i)<\/p>\n

# \u6808\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6bd4\u5b83\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6，result \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a 0
\n return result<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u8986\u76d6\u4e86 7 \u6708\u9ad8\u9891\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6a21\u677f\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u80cc\u7684，\u800c\u662f\u7528\u6765\u7406\u89e3"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1"\u7684\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5355\u8c03\u6808\u5b58\u4e0b\u6807\u800c\u975e\u503c，\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u5e94\u5bf9"\u5faa\u73af\u6570\u7ec4\u6c42\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u5143\u7d20"\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5f62\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u8fb9\u754c\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u67b6\u6784\u6743\u8861：\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u6280\u5de7<\/h3>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\u662f\u5f3a\u884c\u5957\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709"\u6c42\u6700\u957f"\u90fd\u80fd\u7528\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3，\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709"\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83"\u90fd\u80fd\u7528\u53cc\u6307\u9488\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5224\u65ad：<\/p>\n

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