{"id":86991,"date":"2026-07-29T16:08:28","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T08:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/86991.html"},"modified":"2026-07-29T16:08:28","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T08:08:28","slug":"h-265-hevc-%e7%bc%96%e7%a0%81%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e-ctu-%e5%88%92%e5%88%86%e5%88%b0%e5%b8%a7%e9%97%b4%e9%a2%84%e6%b5%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%8b%e7%bc%a9%e6%95%88%e7%8e%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/86991.html","title":{"rendered":"H.265\/HEVC \u7f16\u7801\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4ece CTU \u5212\u5206\u5230\u5e27\u95f4\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u6548\u7387\u4f18\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"

H.265\/HEVC \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u884c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6，\u627f\u8bfa\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u753b\u8d28\u4e0b\u6bd4 H.264 \u8282\u7701\u7ea6 50% \u7801\u7387\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u7f16\u7801\u5355\u5143 (CTU) \u5212\u5206\u3001\u5e27\u5185\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u5e27\u95f4\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u7801\u7387\u63a7\u5236\u56db\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762，\u62c6\u89e3 H.265\/HEVC \u63d0\u5347\u538b\u7f29\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236，\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e FFmpeg \u5b9e\u6d4b\u6570\u636e，\u5bf9\u6bd4 H.264\/H.265\/AV1 \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0b\u7684\u7801\u7387-\u753b\u8d28\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001H.265\/HEVC \u7f16\u7801\u539f\u7406\u6982\u89c8<\/h3>\n

H.265\/HEVC（High Efficiency Video Coding）\u7531 ITU-T VCEG \u4e0e ISO\/IEC MPEG \u8054\u5408\u5236\u5b9a，2013 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u6807\u51c6，\u76ee\u6807\u662f 4K\/8K\u3001\u8d85\u9ad8\u6e05\u89c6\u9891\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u628a H.264 \u4e2d\u7684 16\u00d716 \u5b8f\u5757 (Macroblock) \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a 64\u00d764 \u7684\u7f16\u7801\u6811\u5355\u5143 (CTU, Coding Tree Unit)，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5212\u5206\u3001\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u5f0f\u63d0\u5347\u538b\u7f29\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

H.265 \u7684\u7f16\u7801\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u4e3a\u56db\u6b65：<\/p>\n

\u89c6\u9891\u5e27 \u2192 CTU \u5212\u5206 \u2192 \u9884\u6d4b (\u5e27\u5185\/\u5e27\u95f4) \u2192 \u53d8\u6362\/\u91cf\u5316 \u2192 \u71b5\u7f16\u7801 \u2192 \u7801\u6d41
\n \u2193
\n \u5212\u5206\u6df1\u5ea6 0-3
\n \u6700\u5c0f CU 8×8<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u5e27\u56fe\u50cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u5207\u6210\u82e5\u5e72 CTU（\u6700\u5927 64\u00d764），\u6bcf\u4e2a CTU \u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6309\u56db\u53c9\u6811\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u4e3a CU (Coding Unit)\u3002\u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u538b\u7f29\u6548\u7387：\u5e73\u5766\u533a\u57df\u9002\u5408\u5927 CU，\u8fd0\u52a8\u590d\u6742\u533a\u57df\u9002\u5408\u5c0f CU\u3002H.265 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u591a\u8fbe 35 \u79cd\u5e27\u5185\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u5f0f（H.264 \u53ea\u6709 9 \u79cd），\u5e27\u95f4\u9884\u6d4b\u4e5f\u4ece H.264 \u7684 7 \u79cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u77e2\u91cf\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6269\u5c55\u5230 AMVP（Advanced Motion Vector Prediction）\u548c Merge \u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001CTU \u56db\u53c9\u6811\u5212\u5206\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n

2.1 \u5212\u5206\u7c92\u5ea6<\/h4>\n

H.264 \u4e2d\u5b8f\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a 16\u00d716，\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u5757\u5230 4\u00d74\u3002H.265 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u53ef\u914d\u7f6e\u7684 CTU \u6df1\u5ea6：<\/p>\n\n\u5c42\u7ea7\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Depth 0<\/td>\n64\u00d764<\/td>\n1080p\/4K \u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7f16\u7801，\u5e73\u5766\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u7f13\u6162\u533a\u57df<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Depth 1<\/td>\n32\u00d732<\/td>\n\u4e2d\u7b49\u7eb9\u7406\u590d\u6742\u5ea6，\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u4e2d\u7b49\u5bc6\u5ea6\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Depth 2<\/td>\n16\u00d716<\/td>\n\u590d\u6742\u7eb9\u7406，H.264 \u7b49\u4ef7\u7c92\u5ea6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Depth 3<\/td>\n8\u00d78<\/td>\n\u5f3a\u7eb9\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u5267\u70c8\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ec6\u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u56db\u53c9\u6811\u5212\u5206\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6536\u76ca\u662f\u81ea\u9002\u5e94：\u540c\u4e00\u5e27\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7c92\u5ea6，\u544a\u522b H.264 \u201c\u4e00\u5200\u5207\u201d \u7684 16\u00d716 \u7c92\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2 FFmpeg \u4e2d\u7684\u5212\u5206\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n

\u901a\u8fc7 x265 \u7f16\u7801\u5668\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u5212\u5206\u884c\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

# CTU \u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236\u5728 32（\u9ed8\u8ba4 64）<\/span>
\nffmpeg -i<\/span> input.mp4 -c:v<\/span> libx265 -x265-params "ctu=32"<\/span> output.mp4<\/p>\n

# \u9650\u5236\u6700\u5927\u5212\u5206\u6df1\u5ea6（\u9ed8\u8ba4 4，\u5bf9\u5e94 CTU 64）<\/span>
\nffmpeg -i<\/span> input.mp4 -c:v<\/span> libx265 -x265-params "max-tu-size=4"<\/span> output.mp4<\/p>\n

# \u542f\u7528\u65e9\u671f\u7ec8\u6b62，\u8df3\u8fc7\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5212\u5206\u6df1\u5ea6<\/span>
\nffmpeg -i<\/span> input.mp4 -c:v<\/span> libx265 -x265-params "early-skip=1"<\/span> output.mp4<\/p>\n

max-tu-size=4 \u8868\u793a\u6700\u5927 TU \u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a 4，\u5bf9\u5e94 CTU 64 \u5212\u5206\u5230 8\u00d78；\u964d\u4f4e\u8be5\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\u95f4\u4f46\u4f1a\u635f\u5931\u4e00\u5b9a\u538b\u7f29\u6548\u7387\u3002early-skip=1 \u4f1a\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u6b8b\u5dee\u8db3\u591f\u5c0f\u65f6\u63d0\u524d\u7ec8\u6b62\u56db\u53c9\u6811\u9012\u5f52，\u662f H.265 \u7f16\u7801\u901f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5f00\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

2.3 \u5212\u5206\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500<\/h4>\n

\u56db\u53c9\u6811\u5212\u5206\u662f H.265 \u7f16\u7801\u5668\u6700\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u73af\u8282\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a 1080p \u5e27\u5305\u542b\u7ea6 8160 \u4e2a CTU（1920\u00d71080\/(64\u00d764) \u5411\u4e0a\u53d6\u6574），\u6bcf\u4e2a CTU \u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386 4 \u4e2a\u6df1\u5ea6，\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6bcf\u5e27\u9700\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ea6 30000+ \u5212\u5206\u7ec4\u5408\u3002x265 \u901a\u8fc7 SATD（Sum of Absolute Transformed Differences）\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5feb\u901f\u5224\u636e，\u5c06\u5355\u5e27\u5212\u5206\u51b3\u7b56\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5e27\u5185\u9884\u6d4b：35 \u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u535a\u5f08<\/h3>\n

3.1 \u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u7c7b<\/h4>\n

H.265 \u7684\u5e27\u5185\u9884\u6d4b\u5305\u542b 35 \u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • DC \u6a21\u5f0f（1 \u79cd）：\u7528\u5468\u56f4\u53c2\u8003\u50cf\u7d20\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u586b\u5145<\/li>\n
  • Planar \u6a21\u5f0f（1 \u79cd）：\u6c34\u5e73+\u5782\u76f4\u53cc\u7ebf\u6027\u63d2\u503c，\u9002\u5408\u5e73\u6ed1\u6e10\u53d8<\/li>\n
  • \u89d2\u5ea6\u6a21\u5f0f（33 \u79cd）：\u4ece\u6c34\u5e73\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u9884\u6d4b，\u7f16\u53f7 2-34<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    33 \u79cd\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u662f\u5747\u5300\u7684，\u4ece 0\u00b0（DC）\u5230 90\u00b0（\u5782\u76f4）\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u65b9\u5411，\u5bf9\u7eb9\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u654f\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

    3.2 \u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5bf8 CU \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u9009\u62e9<\/h4>\n\nCU \u5c3a\u5bf8\u5019\u9009\u6a21\u5f0f\u6570\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    64\u00d764<\/td>\n4 \u79cd<\/td>\n4\u00d74 \u5b50\u5757\u72ec\u7acb\u9884\u6d4b\u518d\u5408\u5e76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    32\u00d732<\/td>\n35 \u79cd<\/td>\n\u5168\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    16\u00d716<\/td>\n35 \u79cd<\/td>\n\u5168\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    8\u00d78<\/td>\n35 \u79cd<\/td>\n\u5168\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8 CU \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9650\u5b9a\u4e3a 4 \u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f，\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a 64\u00d764 \u5168\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u5728 4K \u7f16\u7801\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u901a\u8fc7 RDO（\u7387\u5931\u771f\u4f18\u5316）\u9009\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

    J = D + \u03bbR
    \nD：\u5931\u771f（\u539f\u59cb\u5757\u4e0e\u91cd\u5efa\u5757\u7684 SAD\/SSD）
    \nR：\u7f16\u7801\u6bd4\u7279\u6570
    \n\u03bb：\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u4e58\u5b50，\u4e0e QP \u6302\u94a9<\/p>\n

    3.3 \u5e27\u5185\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h4>\n

    x265 \u63d0\u4f9b –log-level full \u8f93\u51fa\u6bcf\u5e27\u7684\u5e27\u5185\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u5e03：<\/p>\n

    ffmpeg -i<\/span> input.mp4 -c:v<\/span> libx265 -x265-params "log-level=full"<\/span> -t<\/span> 5<\/span> out.mp4 2<\/span>><\/span>&1<\/span> |<\/span> grep<\/span> "Intra mode"<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8f93\u51fa\u5f62\u5982：<\/p>\n

    Intra mode L 64×64: DC=2 Planar=85 Ang=915
    \nIntra mode L 32×32: DC=15 Planar=120 Ang=1850<\/p>\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8 CU \u666e\u904d\u4f7f\u7528 Planar \u548c DC \u6a21\u5f0f（\u5e73\u5766\u80cc\u666f），\u800c\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5bf8 CU \u624d\u8fdb\u5165\u89d2\u5ea6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5bc6\u96c6\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u56db\u3001\u5e27\u95f4\u9884\u6d4b：AMVP \u4e0e Merge<\/h3>\n

    4.1 \u5757\u7ed3\u6784\u5347\u7ea7<\/h4>\n

    H.264 \u7684\u5e27\u95f4\u9884\u6d4b\u6700\u5c0f\u5757\u662f 4\u00d74，\u6700\u5927 16\u00d716\u3002H.265 \u5f15\u5165 PU (Prediction Unit) \u6982\u5ff5，\u6700\u5c0f\u5757\u4fdd\u6301 4\u00d74，\u4f46\u5141\u8bb8\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u5212\u5206（\u5982 32\u00d78\u30018\u00d732），\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8d34\u5408\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n

    H.265 PU \u5212\u5206\u7c7b\u578b（\u90e8\u5206）：
    \nPART_2N\u00d72N \u5bf9\u79f0\u65b9\u5757
    \nPART_2N\u00d7N \u6c34\u5e73\u4e8c\u7b49\u5206
    \nPART_N\u00d72N \u5782\u76f4\u4e8c\u7b49\u5206
    \nPART_2N\u00d7nU \u4e0a 1\/4 + \u4e0b 3\/4 \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0
    \nPART_2N\u00d7nD \u4e0a 3\/4 + \u4e0b 1\/4 \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0
    \nPART_nL\u00d72N \u5de6 1\/4 + \u53f3 3\/4 \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0
    \nPART_nR\u00d72N \u5de6 3\/4 + \u53f3 1\/4 \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0<\/p>\n

    \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u5212\u5206\u5bf9\u7ad6\u5411\u8fd0\u52a8（\u5982\u4eba\u7269\u7ad9\u7acb\u3001\u8f66\u8f86\u884c\u9a76）\u7684\u573a\u666f\u538b\u7f29\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u663e\u8457，\u907f\u514d\u4e86 H.264 \u4e2d 16\u00d716 \u4e00\u5200\u5207\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fb9\u754c\u5197\u4f59\u3002<\/p>\n

    4.2 AMVP \u4e0e Merge \u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

    H.265 \u5e27\u95f4\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u521b\u65b0\u662f AMVP（Advanced Motion Vector Prediction）：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u5019\u9009\u5217\u8868：\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u4ece\u5df2\u7f16\u7801\u5757\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u591a 2 \u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u77e2\u91cf\u5019\u9009<\/li>\n
    • MV \u9884\u6d4b：\u6839\u636e\u5019\u9009 MV \u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u524d\u5757\u7684\u9884\u6d4b MV<\/li>\n
    • MVD：\u7f16\u7801\u9884\u6d4b MV \u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e MV \u7684\u5dee\u503c（MVD = MV_real – MV_pred）<\/li>\n
    • \u7801\u7387\u8282\u7701：\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u7801 MVD \u800c\u975e\u5b8c\u6574 MV，\u8282\u7701\u8fd0\u52a8\u77e2\u91cf\u6bd4\u7279\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Merge \u6a21\u5f0f\u662f AMVP \u7684\u7279\u4f8b：\u76f4\u63a5\u7ee7\u627f\u5019\u9009\u5757\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8fd0\u52a8\u4fe1\u606f（MV + \u53c2\u8003\u5e27\u7d22\u5f15），MVD=0，\u7801\u7387\u6700\u4f4e\u3002Merge \u6a21\u5f0f\u9002\u5408"\u521a\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8"（\u6574\u5757\u5e73\u79fb\u3001\u65e0\u65cb\u8f6c\u7f29\u653e）\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

      4.3 FFmpeg \u5e27\u95f4\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n

      # \u5173\u95ed Merge \u6a21\u5f0f（\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a，\u4ec5\u4f5c\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5）<\/span>
      \nffmpeg -i<\/span> input.mp4 -c:v<\/span> libx265 -x265-params "no-merge=1"<\/span> output.mp4<\/p>\n

      # \u9650\u5236 Merge \u5019\u9009\u6570（\u9ed8\u8ba4 5）<\/span>
      \nffmpeg -i<\/span> input.mp4 -c:v<\/span> libx265 -x265-params "max-merge=3"<\/span> output.mp4<\/p>\n

      # \u542f\u7528\u4e9a\u50cf\u7d20\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f30\u8ba1（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f00\u542f，pme \u7b97\u6cd5）<\/span>
      \nffmpeg -i<\/span> input.mp4 -c:v<\/span> libx265 -x265-params "pmode=1:pme=1"<\/span> output.mp4<\/p>\n

      \u5b9e\u6d4b 1080p \u89c6\u9891\u65f6，\u5173\u95ed Merge \u6a21\u5f0f\u540e\u7801\u7387\u5e73\u5747\u4e0a\u5347 8-12%，\u4f46\u7f16\u7801\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u7ea6 15%\u3002Merge \u6a21\u5f0f\u5bf9\u80cc\u666f\u9759\u6b62\u6216\u7f13\u6162\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u573a\u666f\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u4e94\u3001\u7801\u7387\u63a7\u5236：CQP\u3001CRF\u3001ABR\u30012PASS<\/h3>\n

      5.1 \u56db\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n

      H.265 \u7f16\u7801\u5668（x265）\u652f\u6301 4 \u79cd\u7801\u7387\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f：<\/p>\n\n\u6a21\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4f18\u70b9\u5c40\u9650<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
      CQP（\u6052\u5b9a QP）<\/td>\n\u91cf\u5316\u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n\u79bb\u7ebf\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u753b\u8d28\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/td>\n\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2，\u753b\u8d28\u7a33\u5b9a<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7，\u540c\u4e00 QP \u4e0d\u540c\u5185\u5bb9\u4f53\u79ef\u5dee\u5f02\u5927<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      CRF（\u6052\u5b9a\u8d28\u91cf）<\/td>\n\u8d28\u91cf\u7b49\u7ea7 0-51<\/td>\n\u5355\u904d\u70b9\u64ad\u3001\u5f52\u6863<\/td>\n\u540c\u753b\u8d28\u4e0b\u7801\u7387\u81ea\u9002\u5e94<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u4ecd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      ABR（\u5e73\u5747\u7801\u7387）<\/td>\n\u76ee\u6807\u7801\u7387<\/td>\n\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u76f4\u64ad<\/td>\n\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u7801\u7387\u4e0a\u9650<\/td>\n\u7b80\u5355\u573a\u666f\u753b\u8d28\u6ce2\u52a8，\u8fd0\u52a8\u573a\u666f\u6613\u51fa\u5757<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      2PASS（\u4e8c\u904d\u7f16\u7801）<\/td>\n\u76ee\u6807\u7801\u7387<\/td>\n\u70b9\u64ad\u3001\u5f52\u6863<\/td>\n\u7801\u7387\u5206\u914d\u6700\u5408\u7406<\/td>\n\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5355\u904d 2 \u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      5.2 \u63a8\u8350\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n

      \u76f4\u64ad\u573a\u666f（\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f）：<\/p>\n

      ffmpeg -i<\/span> input.mp4 -c:v<\/span> libx265 -preset<\/span> ultrafast -x265-params "bitrate=4000:vbv-bufsize=8000:vbv-maxrate=4500"<\/span> -f<\/span> flv out.flv<\/p>\n

      \u70b9\u64ad\u573a\u666f（\u753b\u8d28\u4f18\u5148）：<\/p>\n

      ffmpeg -i<\/span> input.mp4 -c:v<\/span> libx265 -preset<\/span> slow -crf<\/span> 22<\/span> -x265-params "pass=2:bitrate=4000"<\/span> output.mp4<\/p>\n

      vbv-bufsize \u4e0e vbv-maxrate \u914d\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u5e26\u5bbd\u7ea6\u675f\u7f16\u7801，\u9632\u6b62\u77ac\u65f6\u7801\u7387\u8d85\u51fa CDN \u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u516d\u3001\u5b9e\u6d4b\u5bf9\u6bd4：H.264 vs H.265 vs AV1<\/h3>\n

      \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6：Intel i7-12700H\u30015 \u6bb5 1080p 30fps \u89c6\u9891（\u7535\u5f71\u3001\u52a8\u753b\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u5c4f\u5e55\u5f55\u5236\u3001\u98ce\u666f），CRF 23（\u7edf\u4e00\u8d28\u91cf\u57fa\u51c6），SSIM \u8bc4\u4f30\u753b\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u7f16\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5e73\u5747\u7801\u7387\u76f8\u6bd4 H.264 \u8282\u7701\u7f16\u7801\u901f\u5ea6\u89e3\u7801\u529f\u8017（\u79fb\u52a8\u7aef）<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
      H.264 High Profile<\/td>\n6.2 Mbps<\/td>\n\u57fa\u51c6<\/td>\n240 fps<\/td>\n\u4f4e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H.265 Main Profile<\/td>\n3.4 Mbps<\/td>\n45%<\/td>\n65 fps<\/td>\n\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      AV1 (libaom)<\/td>\n2.7 Mbps<\/td>\n56%<\/td>\n8 fps<\/td>\n\u4e2d\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H.265 Main Still Picture<\/td>\n3.0 Mbps<\/td>\n52%<\/td>\n70 fps<\/td>\n\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u53d1\u73b0：<\/p>\n

    • H.265 \u76f8\u5bf9 H.264 \u8282\u7701\u7801\u7387 40-50% \u5728 1080p \u8303\u56f4\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684；4K \u573a\u666f\u8282\u7701\u5e45\u5ea6\u53ef\u5230 60%<\/li>\n
    • AV1 \u538b\u7f29\u6548\u7387\u9886\u5148 H.265 \u7ea6 20%，\u4f46\u7f16\u7801\u901f\u5ea6\u6162 8-10 \u500d，2026 \u5e74\u5b9e\u65f6\u7f16\u7801\u4ecd\u9700 GPU \u52a0\u901f<\/li>\n
    • H.264 \u7684\u89e3\u7801\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u65e0\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3，\u8001\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u4f4e\u7aef\u673a\u7684\u786c\u89e3\u652f\u6301\u6700\u597d<\/li>\n
    • \u540c CRF \u4e0b\u4e09\u8005\u7684 SSIM \u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u81f4（0.96-0.98），\u8bf4\u660e CR23 \u5728\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u662f"\u8fd1\u900f\u660e"\u753b\u8d28<\/li>\n

      \u4e03\u3001H.265 \u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u5751<\/h3>\n

      7.1 \u4e13\u5229\u8d39\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n

      H.265 \u4e13\u5229\u7531\u591a\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u6301\u6709（HEVC Advance\u3001Velos Media \u7b49），\u5546\u4e1a\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u6388\u6743\u30022020 \u5e74\u8d77\u90e8\u5206\u4e13\u5229\u5230\u671f\u4f46\u6838\u5fc3\u4e13\u5229\u4ecd\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee x265 \u5728 GPLv2 \u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528，\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u9700\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e13\u5229\u98ce\u9669\u30022020 \u5e74\u5f00\u653e\u7684 VVC\/H.266 \u6682\u672a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u90e8\u7f72，\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u6001\u6210\u719f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n

      7.2 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/h4>\n\n\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6f\u89e3\u786c\u89e3<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Chrome 105+<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n\u4ec5 Android 8+ \u90e8\u5206\u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Safari (macOS 11+)<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301<\/td>\nApple Silicon \u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Edge Chromium<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301<\/td>\nWin11 \u4e3b\u6d41\u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Firefox<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301（FFmpeg \u7f16\u8bd1\u7248）<\/td>\n\u6709\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      iOS Safari<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u8f6f\u89e3<\/td>\n\u4ec5 iPhone 7+ \u786c\u89e3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u8f6c\u7801\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 HLS \u6295\u9012\u662f\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u6700\u7a33\u59a5\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 HEVC MP4 \u5728 Web \u7aef\u64ad\u653e\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u901a\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

      7.3 \u7f16\u7801\u901f\u5ea6\u74f6\u9888<\/h4>\n

      H.265 \u7f16\u7801\u901f\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u662f H.264 \u7684 1\/3-1\/5\u3002\u5373\u4f7f x265 preset fast，\u5b9e\u65f6\u7f16\u7801 1080p30 \u4ecd\u9700 i7 \u7ea7 CPU\u3002\u4e13\u4e1a\u573a\u666f（\u76f4\u64ad\u3001\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u70b9\u64ad\u8f6c\u7801）\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801\u5668（NVIDIA NVENC\u3001Intel QSV\u3001\u82f9\u679c VideoToolbox），\u4f46\u786c\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u6570（\u65e0 Merge\u3001\u65e0\u9ad8\u7ea7 AMVP），\u538b\u7f29\u6548\u7387\u6bd4 x265 \u8f6f\u7f16\u4f4e 15-25%\u3002<\/p>\n

      7.4 \u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6536\u76ca<\/h4>\n

      \u7801\u7387\u8282\u7701 50% \u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6536\u76ca\u9700\u8981\u4e58\u4ee5"\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u6027"\u3002\u9ad8\u52a8\u6001\u8303\u56f4（\u7206\u70b8\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u70df\u82b1）\u5185\u5bb9，H.265 \u8282\u7701\u5e45\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709 25%；\u4f4e\u52a8\u6001\u8303\u56f4（\u5c4f\u5e55\u5f55\u50cf\u3001PPT\u3001\u52a8\u753b），H.265 \u8282\u7701\u5e45\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe 60%\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u6309"\u4e00\u534a\u7801\u7387"\u9884\u4f30\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u516b\u3001\u9009\u578b\u5efa\u8bae FAQ<\/h3>\n

      Q1：\u6211\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5e94\u8be5\u9009 H.264 \u8fd8\u662f H.265？<\/p>\n

      \u770b\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u80fd\u529b\u3002Web \u7aef\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7528\u6237（\u5c24\u5176 iOS Safari\u3001Chrome \u8001\u7248\u672c）\u9009 H.264；\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528（\u624b\u673a App\u3001TV \u5e94\u7528\u3001\u684c\u9762\u8f6f\u4ef6）\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u89e3\u7801\u7aef，\u4f18\u5148 H.265；4K\/8K \u5185\u5bb9\u5fc5\u987b H.265 \u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

      Q2：CRF 23 \u5728 H.264 \u548c H.265 \u662f\u540c\u753b\u8d28\u5417？<\/p>\n

      \u4e0d\u4e25\u683c\u76f8\u540c\u3002x264 CRF 23 \u4e0e x265 CRF 23 \u7684 SSIM \u5dee\u5f02\u7ea6 0.005-0.01，x265 \u7565\u4f18\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u4e24\u8005\u5206\u522b\u8c03\u6574：x264 \u63a8\u8350 CRF 18-23，x265 \u63a8\u8350 CRF 20-28\u3002<\/p>\n

      Q3：H.265 2PASS \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u8017\u65f6\u662f 1PASS \u7684\u51e0\u500d？<\/p>\n

      \u7406\u8bba 2 \u500d，\u5b9e\u9645 1.8-2.2 \u500d（\u7b2c\u4e00\u904d\u5206\u6790 + \u7b2c\u4e8c\u904d\u7f16\u7801）\u3002\u5982\u679c\u70b9\u64ad\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u6781\u81f4\u753b\u8d28，\u5355\u904d ABR \u52a0 vbv-bufsize \u5df2\u8db3\u591f\u3002<\/p>\n

      Q4：H.265 SVC（\u53ef\u5206\u7ea7\u7f16\u7801）\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528？<\/p>\n

      SVC \u5141\u8bb8\u540c\u4e00\u7801\u6d41\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\/\u5e27\u7387\/\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5b50\u6d41，\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u7801\u7387（ABR）\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u90e8\u7f72\u4e2d，HLS\/DASH \u591a\u7801\u6d41\u65b9\u6848\u66f4\u6210\u719f，SVC \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u89c6\u9891\u4f1a\u8bae（WebRTC\u3001Tencent Meeting）\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

      Q5：x265 \u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801\u5668（NVENC\/QSV）\u9009\u54ea\u4e2a？<\/p>\n

      \u76f4\u64ad：\u786c\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801\u5668（\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f4e\u3001\u529f\u8017\u5c0f\u3001CPU \u5360\u7528\u5c11）\u3002\u70b9\u64ad\/\u5f52\u6863：x265 preset slow（\u538b\u7f29\u6548\u7387\u9ad8 15-25%）\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u65b9\u6848：\u786c\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u521d\u7f16 + x265 \u4e8c\u904d\u8f6c\u7801，\u5e73\u8861\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

      Q6：\u672a\u6765\u4f1a\u88ab AV1 \u53d6\u4ee3\u5417？<\/p>\n

      \u77ed\u671f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u3002AV1 \u7f16\u7801\u7aef\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u751f\u6001（libaom\/SVT-AV1\/rav1e \u6027\u80fd\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u666e\u53ca\u5ea6）\u8fd8\u5728\u8ffd\u8d76\u3002YouTube\/Netflix \u5df2\u90e8\u7f72 AV1，\u4f46 5 \u5e74\u5185 H.264+H.265 \u4ecd\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002WebCodecs API \u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301 H.264\u3001H.265\u3001AV1\u3001VP9 \u591a\u7f16\u89e3\u7801\u5668，\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u957f\u671f\u5171\u5b58\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u5199\u5728\u6700\u540e<\/h3>\n

      H.265\/HEVC \u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a"\u4e07\u80fd\u7f16\u7801\u5668"，\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u573a\u666f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6298\u4e2d\u65b9\u6848：\u76f8\u6bd4 H.264 \u591a 50% \u538b\u7f29\u6548\u7387\u3001\u76f8\u6bd4 AV1 \u591a 5-10 \u500d\u7f16\u7801\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u76f8\u6bd4 H.264 \u591a 3-5 \u500d\u89e3\u7801\u529f\u8017\u3002\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u9009\u578b\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5728\u753b\u8d28\u3001\u7801\u7387\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u56db\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u505a\u52a0\u6743\u51b3\u7b56\u2014\u2014\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u91cd\u56e0\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u5dee\u5f02\u6781\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u7406\u89e3 CTU \u5212\u5206\u3001\u5e27\u5185\/\u5e27\u95f4\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u7801\u7387\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u539f\u7406，\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86"\u8c03\u53c2\u8c03\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u753b\u8d28"，\u800c\u662f\u5728\u9047\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u538b\u7f29\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u74f6\u9888：\u662f\u5212\u5206\u7c92\u5ea6\u9009\u9519\u3001\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u5f0f\u88ab\u7981\u7528\u3001\u8fd8\u662f\u7801\u7387\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u6ca1\u5339\u914d\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5de5\u5177\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u6362\u4ee3，\u4f46\u7f16\u7801\u7684"\u9884\u6d4b-\u6b8b\u5dee-\u71b5\u7f16\u7801"\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784 30 \u5e74\u6ca1\u53d8\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

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      \n\u4e00\u3001H.265\/HEVC \u7f16\u7801\u539f\u7406\u6982\u89c8
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