{"id":86784,"date":"2026-07-29T08:33:01","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T00:33:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/86784.html"},"modified":"2026-07-29T08:33:01","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T00:33:01","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8-linux-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%8a%e9%83%a8%e7%bd%b2-mern-%e5%85%a8%e6%a0%88%e9%a1%b9%e7%9b%ae%ef%bc%88mongodb-express-react-node-js%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/86784.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728 Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72 MERN \u5168\u6808\u9879\u76ee\uff08MongoDB + Express + React + Node.js\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u90e8\u7f72 MERN \u5168\u6808\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002A5\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5b9e\u6218\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1，\u7ed3\u5408\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u548c\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u5904\u7406，\u8be6\u5c3d\u5c55\u73b0\u5b8c\u6574\u90e8\u7f72\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u5305\u62ec\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u3001\u6280\u672f\u9009\u578b\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\u3001\u8bc4\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u4ee5 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS \u4e3a\u793a\u4f8b\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 SSH \u767b\u5f55\u7684 Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u9884\u5907\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\u524d，\u63a8\u8350\u7684Linux\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668www.a5idc.com\u89c4\u683c\u5982\u4e0b（\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u751f\u4ea7\u7ad9\u70b9）：<\/p>\n\n\u9879\u76ee\u63a8\u8350\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
CPU<\/td>\n4 \u6838\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/td>\nNode.js \u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n8 GB DDR4<\/td>\nMongoDB \u5185\u5b58\u9700\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u78c1\u76d8<\/td>\n100 GB NVMe SSD<\/td>\n\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5e26\u5bbd<\/td>\n100 Mbps \/ \u4e13\u7ebf\u4f18\u5148<\/td>\n\u5927\u6d41\u91cf\u573a\u666f\u5efa\u8bae\u66f4\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\nUbuntu 22.04 LTS x86_64<\/td>\n\u957f\u671f\u652f\u6301\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\u53ca\u65f6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u516c\u7f51 IP<\/td>\n\u5fc5\u987b<\/td>\n\u5bf9\u5916\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/td>\nUFW \u6216 iptables<\/td>\n\u7aef\u53e3\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u82e5\u4f60\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u9700\u6c42（\u5e76\u53d1\u6570 > 500），\u5efa\u8bae\u5347\u7ea7\u81f3 8 \u6838 CPU\u300132GB RAM\u30011TB NVMe，\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\/\u96c6\u7fa4\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u7ec4\u4ef6\u51c6\u5907<\/h3>\n

2.1 \u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u65b0<\/h4>\n

sudo<\/span> apt<\/span> update &&<\/span> sudo<\/span> apt<\/span> upgrade -y
\nsudo<\/span> reboot<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2 \u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e（\u57fa\u7840）<\/h4>\n

sudo<\/span> apt<\/span> install<\/span> ufw -y
\nsudo<\/span> ufw allow OpenSSH
\nsudo<\/span> ufw allow http
\nsudo<\/span> ufw allow https
\nsudo<\/span> ufw enable<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u3001\u73af\u5883\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u90e8\u7f72<\/h3>\n

3.1 \u5b89\u88c5 Node.js<\/h4>\n

\u672c\u6587\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528 Node.js 18 \u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c（\u957f\u671f\u652f\u6301\u7248，\u4e0e\u6700\u65b0\u751f\u6001\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u66f4\u597d）\u3002<\/p>\n

curl<\/span> -fsSL https:\/\/deb.nodesource.com\/setup_18.x |<\/span> sudo<\/span> -E bash<\/span> –
\nsudo<\/span> apt<\/span> install<\/span> nodejs -y
\nnode<\/span> -v
\nnpm<\/span> -v<\/p>\n

3.2 \u5b89\u88c5 MongoDB Community Edition<\/h4>\n

wget<\/span> -qO – https:\/\/www.mongodb.org\/static\/pgp\/server-6.0.asc |<\/span> sudo<\/span> apt-key add<\/span> –
\necho<\/span> "deb [ arch=amd64 ] https:\/\/repo.mongodb.org\/apt\/ubuntu jammy\/mongodb-org\/6.0 multiverse"<\/span> |<\/span> sudo<\/span> tee<\/span> \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/mongodb-org-6.0.list
\nsudo<\/span> apt<\/span> update
\nsudo<\/span> apt<\/span> install<\/span> -y mongodb-org
\nsudo<\/span> systemctl enable<\/span> mongod
\nsudo<\/span> systemctl start mongod<\/p>\n

\u786e\u8ba4 MongoDB \u72b6\u6001：<\/p>\n

sudo<\/span> systemctl status mongod
\nmongo –eval "db.runCommand({ connectionStatus: 1 })"<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u56db\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u90e8\u7f72 MERN \u9879\u76ee<\/h3>\n

\u672c\u8282\u4ee5\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u4e3a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

\/home\/ubuntu\/mern-app
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 backend
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 package.json
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 server.js
\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 routes
\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 frontend
\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 package.json
\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 src<\/p>\n

4.1 \u540e\u7aef\u90e8\u7f72（Express + Node.js）<\/h4>\n

\u8fdb\u5165\u540e\u7aef\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56：<\/p>\n

cd<\/span> \/home\/ubuntu\/mern-app\/backend
\nnpm<\/span> install<\/span><\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b server.js（\u4ec5\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7247\u6bb5）：<\/p>\n

import<\/span> express from<\/span> "express"<\/span>;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> mongoose from<\/span> "mongoose"<\/span>;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> cors from<\/span> "cors"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

const<\/span> app =<\/span> express<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\napp.<\/span>use<\/span>(<\/span>cors<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\napp.<\/span>use<\/span>(<\/span>express.<\/span>json<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

await<\/span> mongoose.<\/span>connect<\/span>(<\/span>process.<\/span>env.<\/span>MONGO_URI<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\napp.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>"\/health"<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>req,<\/span> res<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> res.<\/span>send<\/span>(<\/span>"OK"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

const<\/span> port =<\/span> process.<\/span>env.<\/span>PORT<\/span> ||<\/span> 5000<\/span>;<\/span>
\napp.<\/span>listen<\/span>(<\/span>port,<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>`<\/span>Server running on <\/span>${<\/span>port}<\/span><\/span>`<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa .env：<\/p>\n

MONGO_URI=mongodb:\/\/localhost:27017\/mernDB
\nPORT=5000<\/p>\n

\u6d4b\u8bd5\u542f\u52a8：<\/p>\n

npm<\/span> start<\/p>\n

\n

4.2 \u524d\u7aef\u6784\u5efa（React）<\/h4>\n

cd<\/span> \/home\/ubuntu\/mern-app\/frontend
\nnpm<\/span> install<\/span>
\nnpm<\/span> run build<\/p>\n

\u6784\u5efa\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u5728 build\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e94\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u542f\u52a8<\/h3>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528 PM2 \u7ba1\u7406\u540e\u53f0 Node \u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo<\/span> npm<\/span> install<\/span> pm2@latest -g
\ncd<\/span> \/home\/ubuntu\/mern-app\/backend
\npm2 start server.js –name mern-backend
\npm2 save
\npm2 startup systemd<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001：<\/p>\n

pm2 list<\/p>\n

\n

\u516d\u3001\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406（Nginx）<\/h3>\n

6.1 \u5b89\u88c5 Nginx<\/h4>\n

sudo<\/span> apt<\/span> install<\/span> nginx -y<\/p>\n

6.2 \u914d\u7f6e Nginx<\/h4>\n

\u521b\u5efa Nginx \u914d\u7f6e \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/mern：<\/p>\n

server {
\n listen 80;
\n server_name your.domain.com;<\/p>\n

root \/home\/ubuntu\/mern-app\/frontend\/build;<\/p>\n

location \/ {
\n try_files $uri \/index.html;
\n }<\/p>\n

location \/api\/ {
\n proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000;
\n proxy_http_version 1.1;
\n proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
\n proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';
\n proxy_set_header Host $host;
\n proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

\u542f\u7528\u7ad9\u70b9\u5e76\u91cd\u8f7d Nginx：<\/p>\n

sudo<\/span> ln<\/span> -s \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/mern \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/
\nsudo<\/span> nginx -t
\nsudo<\/span> systemctl reload nginx<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e03\u3001HTTPS\/TLS（Certbot \u81ea\u52a8\u7b7e\u53d1）<\/h3>\n

sudo<\/span> apt<\/span> install<\/span> certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y
\nsudo<\/span> certbot –nginx -d your.domain.com<\/p>\n

\u6309\u63d0\u793a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u516b\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u8c03\u4f18<\/h3>\n

8.1 MongoDB \u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u8bae（\/etc\/mongod.conf）<\/h4>\n\n\u53c2\u6570\u63a8\u8350\u503c\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
storage.wiredTiger.engineConfig.cacheSizeGB<\/td>\n2~4<\/td>\n\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528（\u6839\u636e RAM \u8c03\u6574）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
net.bindIp<\/td>\n127.0.0.1<\/td>\n\u9650\u5236\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee，\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u672c\u673a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
security.authorization<\/td>\nenabled<\/td>\n\u542f\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u91cd\u542f：<\/p>\n

sudo<\/span> systemctl restart mongod<\/p>\n

8.2 Nginx \u7f13\u5b58 & Gzip<\/h4>\n

\u5728 server \u5757\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0：<\/p>\n

gzip on;
\ngzip_types text\/plain application\/json application\/javascript text\/css;
\ngzip_min_length 256;<\/p>\n

8.3 PM2 \u96c6\u7fa4\u6a21\u5f0f（\u591a\u6838\u5229\u7528）<\/h4>\n

pm2 start server.js -i max –name mern-cluster<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e5d\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h3>\n\n\u5de5\u5177\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
PM2 logs<\/td>\n\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pm2 monit<\/td>\nCPU\/\u5185\u5b58\u76d1\u63a7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nginx logs<\/td>\n\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MongoDB logs<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u8ddf\u8e2a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Nginx \u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7：\/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log<\/li>\n
  • Nginx \u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7：\/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/li>\n
  • MongoDB \u65e5\u5fd7：\/var\/log\/mongodb\/mongod.log<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n

    \u5341\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u8bc4\u6d4b\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u8bc4\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u793a\u4f8b（\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e，\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u57fa\u4e8e\u538b\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\u5f97\u51fa）：<\/p>\n\n\u9879\u76ee\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b NodePM2 Cluster (4 \u6838)<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    500 \u5e76\u53d1\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4（ms）<\/td>\n180<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u6bcf\u79d2\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570（req\/s）<\/td>\n1200<\/td>\n4200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CPU \u5e73\u5747\u5360\u7528<\/td>\n70%<\/td>\n65%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528<\/td>\n1.2GB<\/td>\n2.8GB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\nMongoDB \u8fde\u63a5\u6570TPS\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017<\/tr>\n\n\n\n
    100<\/td>\n1800<\/td>\n1.8GB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    500<\/td>\n6100<\/td>\n6.5GB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u6ce8：\u4ee5\u4e0a TPS\/\u5e76\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 wrk \u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c（wrk -t4 -c100 -d30s http:\/\/your.domain.com\/api\/health），\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u4e1a\u52a1\u7279\u70b9\u8c03\u6574\u538b\u6d4b\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u5341\u4e00\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3<\/h3>\n

    11.1 Nginx 502 \u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \u68c0\u67e5\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n
    • \u68c0\u67e5 Nginx \u4ee3\u7406\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      sudo<\/span> systemctl status nginx
      \npm2 status<\/p>\n

      11.2 MongoDB \u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • \u68c0\u67e5 mongod \u662f\u5426\u5df2\u542f\u52a8<\/li>\n
      • \u786e\u8ba4 MONGO_URI \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6b63\u786e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        mongo –eval "db.stats()"<\/span><\/p>\n

        11.3 React \u8def\u7531\u5237\u65b0 404<\/h4>\n

        \u786e\u4fdd Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d try_files $uri \/index.html \u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

        A5\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587，\u6559\u4f60\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u57fa\u7840\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e；<\/li>\n
        • MERN \u6808\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e；<\/li>\n
        • \u524d\u540e\u7aef\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u96c6\u6210；<\/li>\n
        • Nginx \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e HTTPS \u914d\u7f6e；<\/li>\n
        • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u8bc4\u6d4b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u672c\u65b9\u6848\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5c0f\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7\u90e8\u7f72，\u5e76\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u6a21\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u5bb9\u5668\u5316（Docker）\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u90e8\u7f72（CI\/CD）\u7b49\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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