{"id":86198,"date":"2026-07-28T08:48:53","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T00:48:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/86198.html"},"modified":"2026-07-28T08:48:53","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T00:48:53","slug":"%e3%80%90%e8%af%bb%e6%95%99%e6%9d%90%e3%80%91chapter2%e7%bb%9d%e5%af%b9%e5%90%ac%e9%98%88-%e3%80%8a%e5%90%ac%e8%a7%89%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e5%af%bc%e8%ae%ba%e3%80%8ban-introduction-to-the-psycho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/86198.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u8bfb\u6559\u6750\u3011Chapter2\u7edd\u5bf9\u542c\u9608 \u300a\u542c\u89c9\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u300bAn Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u3010\u8bfb\u6559\u6750\u3011Chapter1\u300a\u542c\u89c9\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u300bAn Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u7edd\u5bf9\u542c\u9608<\/h2>\n<h3>1 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src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20260728004850-6a67fc72c1046.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe2.1 \u6700\u5c0f\u53ef\u573a&#xff08;\u5b9e\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u53cc\u8033\u8046\u542c&#xff09;\u4e0e\u6700\u5c0f\u53ef\u538b&#xff08;\u865a\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u5355\u8033\u8046\u542c&#xff09;\u66f2\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u542c\u9608&#xff08;dB SPL&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\u4e3a\u9891\u7387&#xff08;kHz&#xff09;&#xff1b;MAF\u66f2\u7ebf\u4f9d\u636eISO 389-7&#xff08;2005&#xff09;\u6807\u51c6&#xff0c;MAP\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u81eaKillion&#xff08;1978&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe2.1\u5c55\u793a\u957f\u65f6&#xff08;\u65f6\u957f\u5927\u4e8e200ms&#xff09;\u7eaf\u97f3\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684MAP\u3001MAF\u5e73\u5747\u542c\u9608\u66f2\u7ebf&#xff1b;MAP\u4e3a\u5355\u8033\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;MAF\u4e3a\u53cc\u8033\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5e73\u5747\u800c\u8a00\u53cc\u8033\u542c\u9608\u6bd4\u5355\u8033\u4f4e\u7ea62dB\u3002\u4e24\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u5747\u6765\u81ea\u5927\u91cf\u542c\u529b\u6b63\u5e38\u5e74\u8f7b\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u5747\u503c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u9891\u7387\u4e0a\u7684\u9608\u503c\u53ef\u8f83\u5747\u503c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6d6e\u52a820dB&#xff0c;\u4ecd\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u542c\u529b\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>MAP\u4e0eMAF\u66f2\u7ebf\u5f62\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02&#xff0c;\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u5934\u3001\u8033\u5ed3\u3001\u8033\u9053\u5bf9\u58f0\u573a\u7684\u4fee\u9970\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;MAP\u66f2\u7ebf\u57280.2-13kHz\u533a\u95f4\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u00b15dB\u7684\u5c0f\u5e45\u8d77\u4f0f&#xff1b;MAF\u66f2\u7ebf\u57283-4kHz\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u4f4e\u8c37\u30018-9kHz\u5b58\u5728\u5cf0\u503c\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u5dee\u503c\u6765\u81ea\u8033\u9053\u4e0e\u8033\u5ed3\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5bbd\u5171\u632f&#xff0c;\u89c1\u56fe2.2\u3002 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20260728004851-6a67fc730ddb9.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe2.2 \u6b63\u9762\u5165\u5c04\u58f0\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u9f13\u819c\u58f0\u7ea7\u76f8\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u573a\u58f0\u7ea7\u7684\u5dee\u503c&#xff0c;\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\u5dee\u503c\u5355\u4f4ddB&#xff0c;\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\u9891\u7387kHz&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u81eaShaw&#xff08;1974&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe2.2\u5c55\u793a\u6b63\u9762\u53d1\u58f0\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9f13\u819c\u5904\u58f0\u7ea7\u4e0e\u5934\u90e8\u7a7a\u7f6e\u81ea\u7531\u573a\u58f0\u7ea7\u7684\u5dee\u503c&#xff1a;1.5~6kHz\u533a\u95f4\u9f13\u819c\u58f0\u7ea7\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347&#xff0c;3kHz\u5904\u589e\u76ca\u6700\u5927&#xff0c;\u7ea615dB&#xff1b;\u8be5\u5171\u632f\u589e\u5f3a\u6548\u5e94\u4e0d\u968f\u58f0\u6e90\u6c34\u5e73\u5165\u5c04\u89d2\u5ea6\u6539\u53d8&#xff0c;\u4f466kHz\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9891\u6bb5\u7684\u589e\u76ca\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u6781\u5f3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6781\u4f4e\u3001\u6781\u9ad8\u9891\u7387\u533a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4e24\u7c7b\u542c\u9608\u5747\u5feb\u901f\u62ac\u5347&#xff0c;\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u81f3\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u6e90\u4e8e\u5916\u4e2d\u8033\u7684\u58f0\u4f20\u9012\u7279\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8033\u5728500~5000Hz\u533a\u95f4\u4f20\u58f0\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u9ad8\u4f4e\u9891\u4f20\u9012\u6548\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u8870\u51cf&#xff08;Rosowski, 1991; Puria et al., 1997; Aibara et al., 2001&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f4e\u9891\u533a\u95f4\u8033\u673a\u5bc6\u95ed\u8033\u9053\u4f1a\u56f0\u4f4f\u8840\u7ba1\u7c7b\u751f\u7406\u566a\u58f0&#xff0c;\u4f7fMAP\u6bd4MAF\u9ad85~10dB&#xff1b;\u8be5\u4f4e\u9891\u751f\u7406\u566a\u58f0\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u53d7\u8033\u673a\u5bc6\u5c01\u5ea6\u3001\u5934\u5e26\u538b\u529b\u3001\u8033\u9053\u5bb9\u79ef\u3001\u8109\u640f\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8033\u7f69\u5f0f\u8033\u673a\u5305\u88f9\u8033\u5ed3&#xff0c;\u53ef\u964d\u4f4e\u8be5\u566a\u58f0\u5e72\u6270&#xff1b;\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u8033\u673a\u4e0d\u5bc6\u5c01\u8033\u9053&#xff0c;\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u524a\u5f31\u4f4e\u9891\u751f\u7406\u566a\u58f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u53ef\u542c\u89c1\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u7387\u968f\u5e74\u9f84\u5dee\u5f02\u6781\u5927&#xff1a;\u513f\u7ae5\u5e38\u53ef\u542c\u89c120kHz&#xff0c;\u591a\u6570\u6210\u5e74\u4eba15kHz\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9608\u503c\u6025\u5267\u5347\u9ad8&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u786e\u4f4e\u9891\u542c\u89c9\u4e0b\u9650\u3002Whittle\u7b49\u4eba&#xff08;1972&#xff09;\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e8650Hz\u81f33.15Hz\u7684\u9608\u503c&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4f4e\u9891\u9608\u503c\u66f2\u7ebf\u8fde\u7eed\u8854\u63a5&#xff0c;\u4f463.15Hz\u7684\u9608\u503c\u9ad8\u8fbe120dB SPL\u3002 \u6709\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a16Hz\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u542c\u89c9\u611f\u77e5&#xff0c;\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u8033\u5931\u771f\u4ea7\u7269\u6216\u5168\u8eab\u632f\u52a8\u5bdf\u89c9&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8be5\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u5b66\u754c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u53ef&#xff08;Moller and Pedersen, 2004&#xff09;\u3002Moller\u4e0ePedersen&#xff08;2004&#xff09;\u63d0\u51fa&#xff0c;20Hz\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ecd\u7531\u4eba\u8033\u611f\u77e5&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f\u542c\u611f\u5931\u53bb\u7eaf\u97f3\u7279\u8d28&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u5e26\u6765\u9f13\u819c\u538b\u8feb\u611f&#xff1b;20Hz\u662f\u590d\u5408\u58f0\u4ea7\u751f\u97f3\u9ad8\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u9891\u7387&#xff08;Krumbholz et al., 2000; Pressnitzer et al., 2001&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7c97\u7565\u6765\u770b&#xff0c;500Hz\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8033\u8717\u7075\u654f\u5ea6\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5747\u7b49&#xff0c;MAP\u3001MAF\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u8d77\u4f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5916\u4e2d\u8033\u4f20\u58f0\u7279\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff08;Puria et al., 1997; Moore et al., 1997; Glasberg and Moore, 2006&#xff09;&#xff1b;500Hz\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8033\u8717\u7075\u654f\u5ea6\u5c0f\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d&#xff0c;\u6210\u56e0\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u70b9&#xff1a;\u4e00\u662f\u8033\u8717\u4e3b\u52a8\u653e\u5927\u673a\u5236\u589e\u76ca\u964d\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u4e8c\u662f\u8717\u5b54\u8fde\u901a\u524d\u5ead\u9636\u4e0e\u9f13\u9636&#xff0c;\u524a\u5f31\u4f4e\u9891\u8de8\u57fa\u5e95\u819c\u538b\u5f3a\u5dee&#xff08;Moore et al., 1997; Cheatham and Dallos, 2001; Jurado and Moore, 2010; Jurado et al., 2011&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65e5\u5e38\u573a\u666f\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4eba\u5bf9\u5fae\u5f31\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u6781\u9650\u5e76\u975e\u81ea\u8eab\u542c\u89c9\u751f\u7406\u9608\u503c&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u73af\u5883\u672c\u5e95\u566a\u58f0&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u8d77\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u662f\u63a9\u853d\u9608\u503c\u800c\u975e\u7edd\u5bf9\u542c\u9608&#xff0c;\u63a9\u853d\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3 \u542c\u529b\u56fe\u4e0e\u542c\u529b\u635f\u5931<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e34\u5e8a\u6d4b\u542c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u9608\u503c\u6807\u6ce8\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u5c06\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u9608\u503c\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u9752\u5e74\u5404\u9891\u7387\u5e73\u5747\u6b63\u5e38\u9608\u503c\u5bf9\u6bd4&#xff0c;\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u542c\u529b\u7ea7&#xff08;dB HL&#xff0c;\u6b27\u6d32&#xff09;\/\u542c\u529b\u9608\u503c\u7ea7&#xff08;dB HTL&#xff0c;\u7f8e\u56fd&#xff09;\u3002\u6d4b\u91cf\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8026\u5408\u8154\u4e0e\u6307\u5b9a\u8033\u673a&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u914d\u8033\u673a\u578b\u53f7\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;\u82f1\u7f8e\u5e38\u7528Telephonies TDH49\/TDH50\u3001Etymotic ER3\/ER5&#xff1b;\u5fb7\u56fd\u591a\u7528\u62dc\u4e9aDT48\u3002 40 dB HL\u4ee3\u8868\u8be5\u9891\u7387\u4e0b\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u9608\u503c\u6bd4\u6b63\u5e38\u5747\u503c\u9ad840 dB&#xff1b;\u5fc3\u7406\u58f0\u5b66\u56fe\u8868\u9608\u503c\u6570\u503c\u5411\u4e0a\u9012\u589e&#xff0c;\u4e34\u5e8a\u542c\u529b\u56fe\u5219\u5c06\u542c\u529b\u635f\u5931\u5411\u4e0b\u7ed8\u5236&#xff0c;\u6b63\u5e38\u542c\u529b\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf\u4f4d\u4e8e\u56fe\u8868\u9876\u7aef\u3002 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20260728004851-6a67fc734a691.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe2.3 \u4e0a\u56fe&#xff1a;\u5e73\u576650 dB\u542c\u529b\u635f\u5931\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684MAP\u7edd\u5bf9\u542c\u9608\u66f2\u7ebf&#xff1b;\u4e0b\u56fe&#xff1a;\u540c\u542c\u529b\u635f\u5931\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u542c\u529b\u56fe&#xff0c;\u6a2a\u8f74\u9891\u7387kHz&#xff0c;\u4e0a\u56fe\u7eb5\u8f74dB SPL&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u56fe\u7eb5\u8f74dB HL\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe2.3\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u5747\u5300\u542c\u529b\u635f\u5931\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u7ed8\u56fe\u5f62\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u542c\u529b\u56fe\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e73\u76f4&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684MAP\u66f2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u8d77\u4f0f&#xff1b;dB HL\u53ef\u51fa\u73b0\u8d1f\u503c&#xff0c;-10 dB HL\u4ee3\u8868\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u66f4\u7075\u654f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u542c\u529b\u635f\u5931\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u4f20\u5bfc\u6027\u542c\u529b\u635f\u5931&#xff1a;\u75c5\u53d8\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u8033&#xff0c;\u58f0\u80fd\u4f20\u5165\u8033\u8717\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e0b\u964d&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u8bf1\u56e0\u662f\u4e2d\u8033\u79ef\u6db2\u611f\u67d3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u611f\u97f3\u795e\u7ecf\u6027\u542c\u529b\u635f\u5931&#xff1a;\u8033\u8717\u6bdb\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u542c\u795e\u7ecf\u53d7\u635f&#xff0c;\u591a\u4f34\u968f\u9ad8\u9891\u9608\u503c\u5927\u5e45\u62ac\u5347&#xff0c;\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e3a\u8001\u5e74\u6027\u542c\u529b\u51cf\u9000&#xff08;\u8001\u5e74\u6027\u8033\u804b&#xff09;\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8c03\u7814&#xff08;Davis, 1995&#xff09;\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>61~71\u5c81\u4eba\u7fa4&#xff1a;51%\u542c\u529b\u635f\u5931\u5927\u4e8e20 dB&#xff0c;11%\u5927\u4e8e40 dB&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>71~80\u5c81\u4eba\u7fa4&#xff1a;74%\u542c\u529b\u635f\u5931\u5927\u4e8e20 dB&#xff0c;30%\u5927\u4e8e40 dB&#xff1b; \u82e5\u4ec5\u7edf\u8ba14\u30016\u30018 kHz\u9ad8\u9891\u5747\u503c&#xff0c;\u53d7\u635f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u9ad8&#xff1a;71~80\u5c81\u7fa4\u4f5398%\u9ad8\u9891\u635f\u5931\u8d8520 dB&#xff0c;81%\u8d8540 dB\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u611f\u97f3\u795e\u7ecf\u6027\u8033\u804b\u4eba\u7fa4\u5728\u5608\u6742\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8a00\u8bed\u8bc6\u522b\u80fd\u529b\u6781\u5dee&#xff0c;\u52a9\u542c\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u4fee\u590d\u8be5\u7f3a\u9677&#xff0c;\u4e14\u591a\u6570\u611f\u97f3\u635f\u4f24\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4 \u65f6\u95f4\u79ef\u5206\u4e0e\u591a\u91cd\u91c7\u6837<\/h3>\n<p>\u65e9\u5728Exner&#xff08;1876&#xff09;\u65f6\u671f&#xff0c;\u5b66\u754c\u5c31\u5df2\u77e5\u6653\u58f0\u97f3\u65f6\u957f\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7edd\u5bf9\u542c\u9608&#xff1a;\u65f6\u957f\u8d85\u8fc7500 ms\u65f6&#xff0c;\u63a2\u6d4b\u6240\u9700\u58f0\u5f3a\u57fa\u672c\u7a33\u5b9a&#xff1b;\u65f6\u957f\u77ed\u4e8e200 ms\u65f6&#xff0c;\u65f6\u957f\u8d8a\u77ed&#xff0c;\u6240\u9700\u63a2\u6d4b\u58f0\u5f3a\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u5f3a\u5ea6\u662f\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u58f0\u80fd&#xff0c;\u65e9\u671fHughes&#xff08;1946&#xff09;\u3001Garner and Miller&#xff08;1947&#xff09;\u63d0\u51fa\u80fd\u91cf\u79ef\u5206\u5047\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>        I<\/p>\n<p>        \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>        t<\/p>\n<p>        &#061;<\/p>\n<p>        \u5e38\u6570<\/p>\n<p>       I \\\\times t &#061; \\\\text{\u5e38\u6570}<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7667em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0785em\">I<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6151em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u5e38\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#xff0c;\u5373\u63a2\u6d4b\u4ec5\u7531\u603b\u58f0\u80fd\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u65e0\u5173&#xff0c;\u5e38\u6570\u968f\u9891\u7387\u53d8\u5316\u3002 \u4f46\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u8d34\u5408\u4fee\u6b63\u516c\u5f0f&#xff1a;<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>        (<\/p>\n<p>        I<\/p>\n<p>        \u2212<\/p>\n<p>         I<\/p>\n<p>         L<\/p>\n<p>        )<\/p>\n<p>        \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>        t<\/p>\n<p>        &#061;<\/p>\n<p>         I<\/p>\n<p>         L<\/p>\n<p>        \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>        \u03c4<\/p>\n<p>        &#061;<\/p>\n<p>        \u5e38\u6570<\/p>\n<p>       (I-I_L) \\\\times t &#061; I_L \\\\times \\\\tau &#061; \\\\text{\u5e38\u6570}<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0785em\">I<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0785em\">I<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0785em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">L<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6151em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0785em\">I<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0785em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">L<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.4306em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1132em\">\u03c4<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u5e38\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#xff0c;\u5f0f\u4e2d<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         I<\/p>\n<p>         L<\/p>\n<p>       I_L<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0785em\">I<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0785em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">L<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u957f\u65f6\u7eaf\u97f3\u9608\u503c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002Garner\u4e0eMiller\u5c06<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         I<\/p>\n<p>         L<\/p>\n<p>       I_L<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0785em\">I<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0785em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">L<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u542c\u89c9\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6709\u6548\u58f0\u5f3a&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u8d85\u8fc7\u8be5\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u58f0\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u542c\u89c9\u7cfb\u7edf\u79ef\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u5c06\u9608\u503c\u7ed8\u5236\u5728\u5206\u8d1d-\u5bf9\u6570\u65f6\u957f\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7406\u60f3\u80fd\u91cf\u79ef\u5206\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u5e94\u659c\u7387-3 dB\/\u65f6\u957f\u52a0\u500d&#xff1b;\u4eba\u7fa4\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u8fd1\u8be5\u659c\u7387&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e2a\u4f53\u659c\u7387\u5dee\u5f02\u6781\u5927&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u80fd\u91cf\u79ef\u5206\u5047\u8bf4\u89c6\u4f5c\u542c\u89c9\u771f\u5b9e\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u88ab\u79ef\u5206\u7684\u5e76\u975e\u7269\u7406\u58f0\u80fd&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8&#xff08;Zwislocki, 1960; Penner, 1972&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u91c7\u6837\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa&#xff0c;\u957f\u65f6\u523a\u6fc0\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u6b21\u72ec\u7acb\u63a2\u6d4b\u673a\u4f1a&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u6301\u7eed\u79ef\u5206&#xff08;Viemeister and Wakefield, 1991&#xff09;\u3002 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20260728004852-6a67fc7406fec.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe2.4 \u566a\u58f0\u7f3a\u53e3\u4e0e\u97f3\u8109\u51b2\u523a\u6fc0\u793a\u610f\u56fe&#xff0c;\u865a\u7ebf\u4e3a\u63a9\u853d\u566a\u58f0\u5305\u7edc&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u7ebf\u4e3a\u4fe1\u53f7\u8109\u51b2\u5305\u7edc&#xff0c;\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\u65f6\u95f4ms\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Viemeister\u4e0eWakefield&#xff08;1991&#xff09;\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3a\u591a\u91cd\u91c7\u6837\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6491&#xff1a;\u523a\u6fc0\u4e3a\u53551kHz\u77ed\u8109\u51b2\u6216\u95f4\u9694100 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kHz\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u659c\u7387\u7565\u5e73\u7f13\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5 \u7efc\u5408\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n<li>\u4eba\u8033\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u7075\u654f\u5ea6\u5cf0\u503c\u96c6\u4e2d\u57281000~5000 Hz\u4e2d\u9891\u533a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u8be5\u4f18\u52bf\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u4e2d\u8033\u7684\u4f20\u58f0\u5171\u632f\u7279\u6027&#xff1b;\u5065\u5eb7\u9752\u5e74\u5404\u9891\u7387\u9608\u503c\u5b58\u5728\u00b120 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