{"id":86070,"date":"2026-07-28T04:24:46","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T20:24:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/86070.html"},"modified":"2026-07-28T04:24:46","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T20:24:46","slug":"rust-%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e5%b9%b6%e5%8f%91%e5%bc%95%e6%93%8e%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e5%a4%8d%e7%9b%98%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e-tokio-%e9%bb%98%e8%ae%a4%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e5%88%b0%e5%ae%9a%e5%88%b6%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/86070.html","title":{"rendered":"Rust \u5f02\u6b65\u5e76\u53d1\u5f15\u64ce\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u76d8\uff1a\u4ece tokio \u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u7684 5 \u500d\u541e\u5410\u63d0\u5347"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rust \u5f02\u6b65\u5e76\u53d1\u5f15\u64ce\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u76d8：\u4ece tokio \u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u7684 5 \u500d\u541e\u5410\u63d0\u5347<\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u3001Tokio \u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u9690\u853d\u5929\u82b1\u677f：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 6 \u6838 CPU \u8dd1\u4e0d\u6ee1<\/h3>\n

\u56e2\u961f\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5206\u53d1\u5f15\u64ce\u57fa\u4e8e Rust + Tokio \u5b9e\u73b0，\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u6bcf\u79d2 20 \u4e07\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u6247\u51fa\u5206\u53d1\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728 8 \u6838 16G \u7684\u7269\u7406\u673a\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u540e，\u6700\u5927\u7a33\u5b9a\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4ec5\u505c\u7559\u5728 4.2 \u4e07 QPS，CPU \u5229\u7528\u7387\u5728 55%~60% \u4e4b\u95f4\u5f98\u5f8a\u2014\u20146 \u4e2a\u6838\u6709 2.5 \u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u95f2\u7f6e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u89c4\u601d\u7ef4\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a Tokio \u7684 work-stealing \u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u9ad8\u6548，\u4f46\u706b\u7130\u56fe\u548c tokio-console \u7684\u5206\u6790\u663e\u793a，\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u4efb\u52a1\u7c92\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u9519\u914d\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1：I\/O \u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u63a5\u6536\u4efb\u52a1（\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7\u7684 epoll \u5524\u9192）\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\/\u538b\u7f29\u4efb\u52a1（\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7）\u3002Tokio \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1，\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5360\u636e worker \u7ebf\u7a0b，\u963b\u585e\u4e86 I\/O \u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 I\/O \u8c03\u5ea6\u5668：\u5206\u79bb I\/O \u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h3>\n

\u6539\u9020\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5c06 I\/O \u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5904\u7406\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5c42\u9762\u5f7b\u5e95\u5206\u79bb\u3002Rust \u7684 tokio::runtime::Builder \u652f\u6301\u591a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 Tokio runtime，\u5404\u81ea\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 worker \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60：<\/p>\n

use tokio::runtime::{Builder, Runtime};
\nuse std::sync::Arc;<\/p>\n

\/\/\/ \u5f02\u6784\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668 \u2014\u2014 \u5c06 I\/O \u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u79bb\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Tokio \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6
\npub struct HeteroScheduler {
\n \/\/ I\/O \u4e13\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6：\u5c11\u91cf\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7，\u53ea\u5904\u7406 epoll \u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u8f7b\u91cf\u903b\u8f91
\n io_runtime: Runtime,
\n \/\/ \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e13\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6：\u5927\u91cf\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u5904\u7406\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\/\u538b\u7f29\/\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b49\u8017\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c
\n cpu_runtime: Runtime,
\n \/\/ \u4e24\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4f20\u9012\u901a\u9053
\n compute_tx: flume::Sender<ComputeTask>,
\n}<\/p>\n

impl HeteroScheduler {
\n pub fn new(io_threads: usize, cpu_threads: usize) -> Self {
\n \/\/ I\/O \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6：2 \u4e2a worker \u7ebf\u7a0b，\u56fa\u5b9a\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4f4e\u7f16\u53f7 CPU \u6838
\n let io_runtime = Builder::new_multi_thread()
\n .worker_threads(io_threads)
\n .thread_name("io-worker")
\n \/\/ \u5173\u952e：\u542f\u7528 I\/O \u9a71\u52a8\u548c\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668，\u4f46\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u8ba1\u7b97\u538b\u529b
\n .enable_io()
\n .enable_time()
\n .build()
\n .expect("Failed to build I\/O runtime");<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6：CPU \u6838\u6570-2 \u4e2a worker \u7ebf\u7a0b，\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u8017\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1
\n let cpu_runtime = Builder::new_multi_thread()
\n .worker_threads(cpu_threads)
\n .thread_name("cpu-worker")
\n \/\/ \u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 I\/O \u9a71\u52a8，\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684 epoll \u5f00\u9500
\n .build()
\n .expect("Failed to build CPU runtime");<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 flume \u7684\u65e0\u754c\u901a\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1
\n \/\/ flume \u7684 SPSC \u6a21\u5f0f\u6bd4 tokio::mpsc \u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f4e\u7ea6 40%
\n let (compute_tx, compute_rx) = flume::unbounded::<ComputeTask>();<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e2d\u542f\u52a8\u6d88\u8d39\u8005
\n cpu_runtime.spawn(async move {
\n while let Ok(task) = compute_rx.recv_async().await {
\n \/\/ \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 spawn_blocking \u4e2d\u6267\u884c
\n \/\/ \u907f\u514d\u963b\u585e\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1
\n tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
\n (task.handler)(task.payload);
\n })
\n .await
\n .ok();
\n }
\n });<\/p>\n

Self { io_runtime, cpu_runtime, compute_tx }
\n }<\/p>\n

\/\/\/ \u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u4ece I\/O \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6295\u9012\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6
\n pub fn offload_compute(&self, task: ComputeTask) {
\n \/\/ \u975e\u963b\u585e\u6295\u9012，I\/O \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6
\n if self.compute_tx.send(task).is_err() {
\n tracing::error!("Compute channel closed, task dropped");
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001CPU \u4eb2\u548c\u6027\u4e0e\u65e0\u9501\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u591a NUMA \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a，\u5c06 I\/O worker \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e0e\u7f51\u5361\u76f8\u540c\u7684 NUMA \u8282\u70b9，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u8de8 NUMA \u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5ef6\u8fdf（\u7ea6 40~80ns \u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500）：<\/p>\n

\/\/\/ CPU \u4eb2\u548c\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e \u2014\u2014 \u5c06\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u6307\u5b9a NUMA \u8282\u70b9\u7684 CPU \u6838
\nfn set_cpu_affinity(core_ids: &[usize]) {
\n let mut cpuset = nix::sched::CpuSet::new();
\n for &core_id in core_ids {
\n cpuset.set(core_id).expect("Failed to set CPU affinity");
\n }
\n \/\/ \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684 CPU \u4eb2\u548c\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u6838
\n nix::sched::sched_setaffinity(
\n nix::unistd::Pid::from_raw(0), \/\/ 0 \u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n &cpuset,
\n )
\n .expect("Failed to set CPU affinity");
\n}<\/p>\n

\u6d88\u606f\u5206\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8def\u5f84\u2014\u2014\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u7531\u8868\u67e5\u8be2\u2014\u2014\u4ece RwLock<HashMap> \u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u65e0\u9501\u7684 dashmap：<\/p>\n

use dashmap::DashMap;
\nuse std::sync::Arc;<\/p>\n

\/\/\/ \u65e0\u9501\u8def\u7531\u8868 \u2014\u2014 \u7528 DashMap \u66ff\u4ee3 RwLock<HashMap>
\n\/\/\/ DashMap \u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u7247\u9501，\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u9501\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u5206\u7247，
\n\/\/\/ \u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u9501
\npub struct RouteTable {
\n \/\/ topic -> Vec<channel_sender>
\n subscribers: Arc<DashMap<String, Vec<flume::Sender<Message>>>>,
\n}<\/p>\n

impl RouteTable {
\n \/\/\/ \u8def\u7531\u5206\u53d1：\u6839\u636e\u6d88\u606f topic \u5c06\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8ba2\u9605\u8005
\n \/\/\/ \u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u70ed\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a，\u6bcf\u79d2\u8c03\u7528 20 \u4e07\u6b21，\u9501\u5f00\u9500\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u96f6
\n pub fn dispatch(&self, topic: &str, msg: Message) -> usize {
\n \/\/ DashMap \u7684 get \u662f\u65e0\u9501\u8bfb\u53d6（\u4ec5\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u6709\u77ed\u6682\u963b\u585e）
\n let count = if let Some(subscribers) = self.subscribers.get(topic) {
\n let mut sent = 0;
\n \/\/ \u5e76\u53d1\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8ba2\u9605\u8005，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6301\u6709\u9501
\n for tx in subscribers.value() {
\n if tx.send(msg.clone()).is_ok() {
\n sent += 1;
\n }
\n }
\n sent
\n } else {
\n 0
\n };
\n count
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u70ed\u70b9\u4e0e Arena Allocator<\/h3>\n

\u706b\u7130\u56fe\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u662f jemalloc \u7684 malloc \u8c03\u7528\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u7ea6 18% \u7684 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u79d2 20 \u4e07\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5f15\u5165 Arena Allocator（\u4f7f\u7528 bumpalo crate）\u5c06\u77ed\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5bf9\u8c61（\u6d88\u606f\u4f53\u3001\u8def\u7531\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c）\u5206\u914d\u5728 Bump Allocator \u4e2d，\u6279\u91cf\u91ca\u653e：<\/p>\n

use bumpalo::Bump;<\/p>\n

\/\/\/ \u6279\u91cf\u6d88\u606f\u5904\u7406 \u2014\u2014 \u4f7f\u7528 Arena \u51cf\u5c11 malloc\/free \u9891\u6b21
\npub fn process_message_batch(
\n batch: &[RawMessage],
\n route_table: &RouteTable,
\n) {
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa 4KB \u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684 Arena
\n \/\/ \u6bcf\u6279\u6d88\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u540e\u7edf\u4e00\u91ca\u653e，\u65e0\u9700\u9010\u4e2a free
\n let arena = Bump::with_capacity(4096);<\/p>\n

for raw_msg in batch {
\n \/\/ \u5728 Arena \u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u6d88\u606f\u5bf9\u8c61，\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e0e arena \u7ed1\u5b9a
\n let msg = arena.alloc(Message::from_raw(raw_msg));
\n route_table.dispatch(&msg.topic, msg.clone());
\n }
\n \/\/ arena \u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u5206\u914d，O(1) \u590d\u6742\u5ea6
\n}<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7ec8\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u538b\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c：<\/p>\n\n\u6307\u6807\u4f18\u5316\u524d（\u9ed8\u8ba4 tokio）\u4f18\u5316\u540e（\u5f02\u6784\u8c03\u5ea6）\u63d0\u5347<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
QPS<\/td>\n42,000<\/td>\n215,000<\/td>\n+412%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CPU \u5229\u7528\u7387<\/td>\n58%<\/td>\n92%<\/td>\n+59%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P99 \u5ef6\u8fdf<\/td>\n8.5ms<\/td>\n1.8ms<\/td>\n-79%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\/op<\/td>\n2.1KB<\/td>\n0.6KB<\/td>\n-71%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tail latency (P999)<\/td>\n45ms<\/td>\n6.2ms<\/td>\n-86%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

Rust \u5f02\u6b65\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u7ecf\u9a8c：<\/p>\n

  • Tokio \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u4e0d\u662f\u94f6\u5f39：\u6df7\u5408 I\/O \u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 work-stealing \u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9000\u5316\u3002\u5f02\u6784\u8c03\u5ea6\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u6df7\u5408\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6848；<\/li>\n
  • flume \u5728\u8de8\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u4f18\u4e8e tokio::mpsc：SPSC \u6a21\u5f0f\u7684 flume \u901a\u9053\u5728 10 \u4e07\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0a QPS \u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f4e\u4e8e tokio \u901a\u9053\u7ea6 40%，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e86 Tokio \u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u7684\u5524\u9192-\u6295\u9012\u5f00\u9500；<\/li>\n
  • CPU \u4eb2\u548c\u6027\u5728 NUMA \u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u6536\u76ca：\u5728\u9ad8\u541e\u5410 I\/O \u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u5c06\u7f51\u5361\u4e2d\u65ad\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u540c\u4e00 NUMA \u8282\u70b9，\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e 15~25%；<\/li>\n
  • Arena Allocator \u662f\u70ed\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5757\u62fc\u56fe：\u5728\u9501\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001I\/O \u90fd\u5df2\u4f18\u5316\u5230\u6781\u9650\u540e，\u5806\u5206\u914d\u901a\u5e38\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684 CPU \u70ed\u70b9，Arena \u7684 O(1) \u6279\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u662f\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u573a\u666f\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n

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