{"id":85418,"date":"2026-07-27T14:08:56","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T06:08:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/85418.html"},"modified":"2026-07-27T14:08:56","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T06:08:56","slug":"%e3%80%90linux%e4%bb%8e%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e5%88%b0%e7%b2%be%e9%80%9a%e3%80%91%e7%ac%ac49%e7%af%87%ef%bc%9a%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e6%95%85%e9%9a%9c%e6%8e%92%e6%9f%a5%e7%bb%88%e6%9e%81%e6%8c%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/85418.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a\u3011\u7b2c49\u7bc7\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u7ec8\u6781\u6307\u5357\u2014\u2014\u601d\u8def\u51b3\u5b9a\u51fa\u8def"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6392\u67e5\u6846\u67b6：\u63a5\u5230\u544a\u8b66\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48<\/p>\n

1.1 \u9ec4\u91d15\u5206\u949f：\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u5c40\u8ba4\u77e5<\/p>\n

1.2 \u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65b9\u5411：\u770bvmstat\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u573a\u666f\u4e00：CPU\u98d9\u5347100%<\/p>\n

2.1 \u73b0\u8c61<\/p>\n

2.2 \u6392\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n

2.3 CPU\u6392\u67e5\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u573a\u666f\u4e8c：\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6392\u67e5<\/p>\n

3.1 \u73b0\u8c61<\/p>\n

3.2 \u6392\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n

3.3 \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6392\u67e5\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u573a\u666f\u4e09：\u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1\u4e86\u4f46\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5927\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

4.1 \u73b0\u8c61<\/p>\n

4.2 \u6392\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n

4.3 \u78c1\u76d8\u6392\u67e5\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u6392\u67e5\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u672c\u7bc7\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/p>\n

\u52a8\u624b\u7ec3\u4e60<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u4e0b\u7bc7\u9884\u544a<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6392\u67e5\u6846\u67b6：\u63a5\u5230\u544a\u8b66\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h3>\n

1.1 \u9ec4\u91d15\u5206\u949f：\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u5c40\u8ba4\u77e5<\/h4>\n

\u534a\u591c\u88ab\u62a5\u8b66\u53eb\u9192，\u4f60\u6700\u4e0d\u8be5\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u968f\u673a\u6572\u547d\u4ee4\u4e71\u8bd5\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6392\u67e5，\u53ea\u4f1a\u6d6a\u8d39\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u524d5\u5206\u949f，\u53ea\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b：\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u5c40\u8ba4\u77e5，\u9501\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6807\u51c6\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ea\u6709\u4e94\u6761\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

bash<\/p>\n

# 1. \u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u8d1f\u8f7d（1\u5206\u949f\/5\u5206\u949f\/15\u5206\u949f\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d）
\nuptime<\/p>\n

# 2. \u5185\u5b58\u6982\u51b5（available\u662f\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6307\u6807）
\nfree -h<\/p>\n

# 3. \u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4（\u6ee1\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u505a\u4e0d\u4e86）
\ndf -h<\/p>\n

# 4. \u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5206\u89e3（r=CPU，b=I\/O，wa=\u7b49\u5f85I\/O）
\nvmstat 2 5<\/p>\n

# 5. \u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7（\u5185\u6838\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u3001OOM\u7b49\u5f02\u5e38）
\njournalctl -p err –since "30 min ago" <\/p>\n

\u505a\u5b8c\u8fd9\u4e94\u6761，\u56de\u7b54\u81ea\u5df1\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u8d1f\u8f7d\u9ad8\u5417？（uptime\u00a0vs CPU\u6838\u5fc3\u6570）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u8d1f\u8f7d\u662f\u54ea\u6765\u7684？（vmstat\u7684r\u5217\u8fd8\u662fb\u5217\u9ad8？wa\u6709\u591a\u9ad8？）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f02\u5e38\u4e8b\u4ef6？（OOM Killer？\u670d\u52a1\u91cd\u542f？\u78c1\u76d8\u9519\u8bef？）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    1.2 \u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65b9\u5411：\u770bvmstat\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65<\/h4>\n

    text<\/p>\n

    vmstat 2
    \n \u2502
    \n \u251c\u2500\u2500 r \u5217\u6301\u7eed > CPU\u6838\u5fc3\u6570 \u2500\u2500\u2192 CPU\u74f6\u9888
    \n \u2502
    \n \u251c\u2500\u2500 b \u5217\u6301\u7eed > 0 \u2500\u2500\u2192 I\/O\u74f6\u9888
    \n \u2502
    \n \u251c\u2500\u2500 si\/so \u6301\u7eed > 0 \u2500\u2500\u2192 \u5185\u5b58\u74f6\u9888（\u6b63\u5728\u6362\u9875）
    \n \u2502
    \n \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u6b63\u5e38 \u2500\u2500\u2192 \u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u95ee\u9898 <\/p>\n

    \u8fd94\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u8db3\u591f\u8986\u76d690%\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6545\u969c\u3002\u00a0\u65b9\u5411\u9519\u4e86，\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6392\u67e5\u90fd\u662f\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765，\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u4e09\u79cd\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6545\u969c\u573a\u666f，\u9010\u4e00\u5c55\u5f00\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u573a\u666f\u4e00：CPU\u98d9\u5347100%<\/h3>\n

    2.1 \u73b0\u8c61<\/h4>\n

    \u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66：\u67d0\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u7a81\u7136\u98d9\u5347\u5230100%，\u4e14vmstat\u786e\u8ba4r\u5217\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8eCPU\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

    2.2 \u6392\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u627e\u51fa\u5403CPU\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

    bash<\/p>\n

    top -c
    \n# \u6309 P \u786e\u4fdd\u6309CPU\u6392\u5e8f
    \n# \u8bb0\u4e0b\u6392\u5728\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7684PID\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d <\/p>\n

    \u5047\u8bbePID\u4e3a12345，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u662fjava（\u67d0\u4e2aJava\u5e94\u7528）\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u7ec6\u5316\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ea7\u522b<\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528（Java\u3001MySQL），\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u9ad8\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u67d0\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684：<\/p>\n

    bash<\/p>\n

    # \u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387
    \ntop -H -p 12345
    \n# \u8bb0\u4e0b\u6700\u9ad8CPU\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0bID（TID），\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a 12389 <\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65：\u5c06\u7ebf\u7a0bID\u8f6c\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236<\/p>\n

    bash<\/p>\n

    printf "%x\\\\n" 12389
    \n# \u8f93\u51fa：3065 <\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u56db\u6b65：\u67e5\u770b\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u6808<\/p>\n

    bash<\/p>\n

    # jstack\u662fJava\u4e13\u7528\u5de5\u5177，\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u6808
    \n# \u7528\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236TID（3065）\u641c\u7d22\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b
    \njstack 12345 | grep -A 20 3065<\/p>\n

    # \u5982\u679c\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528（\u975eJava），\u7528`perf`\u91c7\u6837CPU\u8c03\u7528\u6808
    \nsudo perf top -p 12345 <\/p>\n

    \u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002\u4ece\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u9891\u7e41GC（\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536）\u2192 \u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u591f，\u68c0\u67e5\u5806\u5927\u5c0f\u6216\u6392\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5339\u914d \u2192 \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6b63\u5219\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u6076\u610f\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u4e1a\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af \u2192 \u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91bug<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u52a0\u5bc6\/\u538b\u7f29\u7b49\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u51fd\u6570 \u2192 \u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1，\u8003\u8651\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u6216\u9650\u6d41<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2.3 CPU\u6392\u67e5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n

      text<\/p>\n

      top \u2192 \u627e\u9ad8CPU\u8fdb\u7a0b
      \ntop -H -p PID \u2192 \u627e\u9ad8CPU\u7ebf\u7a0b（\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528）
      \njstack\/perf top \u2192 \u770b\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u627e\u6839\u56e0 <\/p>\n

      \u4e09\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u6839\u56e0：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u6b7b\u5faa\u73af：\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801bug<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u9891\u7e41GC：\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u6216\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u5bfc\u81f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u6b63\u5e38\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6：\u52a0\u5bc6\/\u538b\u7f29\/\u8f6c\u7801\u7b49，\u8003\u8651\u52a0CPU\u6216\u9650\u6d41<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u4e09\u3001\u573a\u666f\u4e8c：\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6392\u67e5<\/h3>\n

        3.1 \u73b0\u8c61<\/h4>\n

        \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f，\u5373\u4f7f\u4e1a\u52a1\u4f4e\u8c37\u671f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38，\u4f46\u8fd0\u884c\u51e0\u5929\u540e\u53c8\u6da8\u56de\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

        3.2 \u6392\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

        \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u786e\u8ba4\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u5e03<\/p>\n

        bash<\/p>\n

        free -h
        \n# available\u6301\u7eed\u51cf\u5c11，buff\/cache\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u52a0 \u2192 \u533f\u540d\u9875（\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5806\/\u6808）\u5728\u589e\u957f <\/p>\n

        buff\/cache\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7f13\u5b58，\u6da8\u4e86\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cused\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u800cbuff\/cache\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u53d8，\u8bf4\u660e\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u7533\u8bf7\u533f\u540d\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u627e\u51fa\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u6237<\/p>\n

        bash<\/p>\n

        ps aux –sort=-%mem | head -10
        \n# \u6216\u8005\u7528\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684PSS\u7edf\u8ba1
        \nsudo smem -p -s pss | head -10 <\/p>\n

        \u5047\u8bbePID\u4e3a12345\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u4e0d\u505c\u589e\u957f\u3002smem\u7684PSS（Proportional Set Size，\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u5927\u5c0f）\u6bd4RSS\u66f4\u51c6\u786e，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u628a\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u644a\u7ed9\u4e86\u5404\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65：\u67e5\u770b\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf<\/p>\n

        bash<\/p>\n

        # \u6bcf10\u79d2\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528，\u6301\u7eed\u89c2\u5bdf
        \nwhile true; do
        \n echo "$(date +%H:%M:%S) $(smem -p -c "pid pss" -P 12345 | tail -1)"
        \n sleep 10
        \ndone <\/p>\n

        \u5982\u679cPSS\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f \u2192 \u786e\u8ba4\u6cc4\u6f0f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u7b2c\u56db\u6b65：\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7ec6\u8282<\/p>\n

        bash<\/p>\n

        pmap -x 12345 | tail -1
        \n# \u6216\u8005
        \ncat \/proc\/12345\/status | grep -E "VmRSS|VmSize" <\/p>\n

        pmap\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e00\u6bb5\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u6765\u6e90（\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u533f\u540d\u5206\u914d）\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u6bb5\u533f\u540d\u5185\u5b58（anon）\u5f02\u5e38\u5927（\u6bd4\u5982\u5360\u603b\u5185\u5b58\u768480%\u4ee5\u4e0a），\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u672c\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u90e8\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u800c\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u7b2c\u4e94\u6b65：\u4f7f\u7528valgrind\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790（\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883）<\/p>\n

        bash<\/p>\n

        # Valgrind\u7684memcheck\u5de5\u5177\u4f1a\u6a21\u62df\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e
        \n# \u6ce8\u610f：\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u51cf\u616210-20\u500d，\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u7528！
        \nvalgrind –leak-check=full –log-file=valgrind.log .\/my_app
        \ncat valgrind.log | grep "definitely lost" <\/p>\n

        \u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u7cbe\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u54ea\u4e00\u884c\u5206\u914d\u7684\u54ea\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6cc4\u6f0f\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

        3.3 \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6392\u67e5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n

        text<\/p>\n

        free -h \u2192 \u786e\u8ba4\u5185\u5b58\u589e\u957f\u7c7b\u578b
        \nps\/smem \u2192 \u627e\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u589e\u957f\u8fdb\u7a0b
        \npmap\/proc\/PID\/status \u2192 \u786e\u8ba4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u54ea\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u5f02\u5e38（\u533f\u540d\u9875\u8fd8\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58）
        \nvalgrind（\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883）\u2192 \u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u884c <\/p>\n

        \u5e38\u89c1\u6839\u56e0：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          \u5e94\u7528\u4ee3\u7801bug：\u5fd8\u8bb0\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u5206\u914d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u7f13\u5b58（\u5982HashMap）\u65e0\u9650\u589e\u957f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6cc4\u6f0f：\u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u540e\u672a\u6b63\u786e\u56de\u6536，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5360\u7528\u7ea68MB\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u56db\u3001\u573a\u666f\u4e09：\u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1\u4e86\u4f46\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5927\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

          4.1 \u73b0\u8c61<\/h4>\n

          df -h\u62a5\u544a\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u738790%\u4ee5\u4e0a，\u4f46\u7528du -sh \/*\u9010\u5c42\u6392\u67e5，\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8edf\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5df2\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48df\u548cdu\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4e0a？<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            df\u662f\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5143\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5757\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf，\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u5206\u914d\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            du\u662f\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u6811，\u628a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53ef\u89c1\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u7d2f\u52a0\u8d77\u6765<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u5982\u679c\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u4f46\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u6301\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，du\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0d\u5230，\u4f46df\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u91ca\u653e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            4.2 \u6392\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

            \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u786e\u8ba4df\u548cdu\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/p>\n

            bash<\/p>\n

            df -h \/
            \ndu -sh \/ 2>\/dev\/null
            \n# \u5982\u679cdf\u663e\u793a40G\u5df2\u7528，du\u663e\u793a30G，\u4f46\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u786e\u5b9e\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u540e10G\u5728\u54ea <\/p>\n

            \u8fd9\u79cd\u60ac\u6b8a\u5dee\u5f02（\u5dee\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2aGB\u800c\u76ee\u5f55\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u5168\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6），\u8bf4\u660e\u6709\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u4f46\u4ecd\u5728\u88ab\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6301\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u627e\u51fa\u201c\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u4f46\u4ecd\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u201d<\/p>\n

            bash<\/p>\n

            sudo lsof | grep deleted | awk '{print $1, $2, $NF}' | sort -u
            \n# \u6216\u8005\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f
            \nsudo lsof +L1 <\/p>\n

            +L1\u662flsof\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u53c2\u6570，\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\u8ba1\u6570\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u201d，\u5373\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u4f46\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ecd\u6253\u5f00\u7740\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

            text<\/p>\n

            COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE\/OFF NLINK NODE NAME
            \njava 12345 app 12w REG 253,1 8589934592 0 56789 \/var\/log\/app.log (deleted) <\/p>\n

            \u8fd9\u6761\u8f93\u51fa\u663e\u793a：\u8fdb\u7a0bjava（PID 12345）\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b2612w，\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\/var\/log\/app.log，\u5b83\u5360\u7528\u4e868.5GB\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c(deleted)\u201d\u6807\u8bb0\u5c31\u662f\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\u2014\u2014\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u4e0d\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d，\u4f46\u5185\u6838\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u6253\u5f00\u7740\u5b83，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u5b83\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65：\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

            bash<\/p>\n

            # \u5982\u679c\u662f\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6，\u76f4\u63a5\u6e05\u7a7a
            \nsudo truncate -s 0 \/proc\/12345\/fd\/12<\/p>\n

            # \u6216\u8005\u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6（\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5，\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u7a0b\u652f\u6301）
            \nkill -HUP 12345 # \u53d1\u9001SIGHUP，\u8bb8\u591a\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

            # \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u76f4\u63a5\u6740\u6389\u8fdb\u7a0b
            \nsudo kill 12345 <\/p>\n

            truncate\u00a0vs\u00a0kill：truncate -s 0\u901a\u8fc7\/proc\/PID\/fd\/\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6765\u622a\u65ad\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65e0\u611f\u77e5，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e2d\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u3002kill\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5173\u952e\u670d\u52a1，\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5b95\u673a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4f18\u5148\u7528truncate\u3002<\/p>\n

            4.3 \u78c1\u76d8\u6392\u67e5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n

            text<\/p>\n

            df -h \u2192 \u786e\u8ba4\u5206\u533a\u5df2\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4
            \ndu -sh \/* \u2192 \u627e\u5230\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u5927\u7684\u76ee\u5f55
            \ndf\u548cdu\u7ed3\u679c\u60ac\u6b8a \u2192 \u88ab\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4ecd\u88ab\u5360\u7528（lsof +L1）
            \nlsof +L1 \u2192 \u627e\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26
            \ntruncate -s 0 \/proc\/PID\/fd\/FD \u2192 \u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4 <\/p>\n

            \u5e38\u89c1\u6839\u56e0：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              \u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u66ff\u4e0d\u5f53：\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u5199\u5165，logrotate\u811a\u672c\u7528rm\u5220\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u7528kill -HUP\u901a\u77e5\u5e94\u7528\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u65e5\u5fd7\u53e5\u67c4\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u867d\u5220，\u6570\u636e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u5185\u6838\u7684\u65e7inode\u91cc\u5199<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u6e05\u7406：\u5e94\u7528\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5220\u9664，\u4f46\u53e5\u67c4\u672a\u5173\u95ed<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u4ecd\u88ab\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6301\u6709：\u6709\u4ebarm\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u4f46\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u5728\u7528\u5b83<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u4e94\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u6392\u67e5\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\u73b0\u8c61\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u547d\u4ee4\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u952e\u5224\u65ad<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \u8d1f\u8f7d\u9ad8<\/td>\nuptime\u00a0+\u00a0vmstat 2<\/td>\nr\u9ad8\u2192\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217，b\u9ad8\u2192\u7b2c\u56db\u5217<\/td>\nr>CPU\u6838\u6570=CPU\u74f6\u9888，b>0=I\/O\u74f6\u9888<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              CPU\u9ad8<\/td>\ntop -c<\/td>\ntop -H -p PID\u00a0+\u00a0jstack\/perf top<\/td>\n\u627e\u5403CPU\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u8c03\u7528\u6808<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u5185\u5b58\u9ad8<\/td>\nfree -h<\/td>\nsmem -p -s pss<\/td>\navailable\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u964d=\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/td>\nsmem\u89c2\u5bdf\u8d8b\u52bf<\/td>\npmap -x PID\u00a0+\u00a0valgrind<\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0bPSS\u53ea\u6da8\u4e0d\u8dcc=\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1<\/td>\ndf -h<\/td>\ndu -sh \/* 2>\/dev\/null\u00a0\u9010\u5c42\u6df1\u5165<\/td>\ndf\u548cdu\u7ed3\u679c\u60ac\u6b8a=\u88ab\u5220\u6587\u4ef6\u4ecd\u88ab\u5360\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1（\u9690\u5f62）<\/td>\ndf -h\u00a0vs\u00a0du -sh<\/td>\nlsof +L1<\/td>\n\u67e5(deleted)\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u6e05\u7a7a\u6216kill -HUP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u7f51\u7edc\u5f02\u5e38<\/td>\nping -c 4 \u7f51\u5173<\/td>\nss -tanp<\/td>\n\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              \u516d\u3001\u672c\u7bc7\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

              \u6392\u67e5\u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219：<\/p>\n

            • \n

              \u5148\u5b8f\u89c2\u540e\u5fae\u89c2：\u5148\u770b\u5168\u5c40（uptime\/vmstat\/df），\u9501\u5b9a\u65b9\u5411\u540e\u518d\u6df1\u5165\u7ec6\u8282<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u5148\u6392\u9664\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u539f\u56e0：\u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1\u4e86\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u6302\u4e86\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6ea2\u51fa\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4ee3\u7801bug\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe：\u4e0d\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u4e09\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e，\u6539\u5b8c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u9a8c\u8bc1，\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e2a\u751f\u6548\u4e86<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u4fdd\u5b58\u8bc1\u636e：script\u547d\u4ee4\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ec8\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c，sar\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              \u4e09\u4e2a\u9ad8\u9891\u6545\u969c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def：<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                CPU\u98d9\u5347：top\u627e\u8fdb\u7a0b \u2192\u00a0top -H\u627e\u7ebf\u7a0b \u2192\u00a0jstack\/perf top\u770b\u8c03\u7528\u6808<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f：smem\u627e\u8fdb\u7a0b \u2192\u00a0pmap\u786e\u8ba4\u6cc4\u6f0f\u533a\u57df \u2192\u00a0valgrind（\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883）\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4ee3\u7801\u884c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u78c1\u76d8\u9690\u5f62\u5360\u7528：df\u00a0vs\u00a0du\u53d1\u73b0\u5dee\u5f02 \u2192\u00a0lsof +L1\u627e(deleted)\u6587\u4ef6 \u2192\u00a0truncate\u6216kill -HUP\u91ca\u653e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u52a8\u624b\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h4>\n

                bash<\/p>\n

                # 1. \u5b8c\u6574\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f53\u68c0\u6d41\u7a0b
                \nuptime && free -h && df -h && vmstat 2 5<\/p>\n

                # 2. \u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e\u201d\u7684\u573a\u666f
                \ndd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/tmp\/bigdel bs=1M count=100
                \nexec 3<>\/tmp\/bigdel # \u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6301\u6709\u6587\u4ef6
                \nrm \/tmp\/bigdel # \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6
                \ndf -h \/tmp # \u6ce8\u610f\u7a7a\u95f4\u6ca1\u91ca\u653e
                \nlsof +L1 | grep bigdel # \u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5e7d\u7075\u201d\u6587\u4ef6
                \nexec 3>&- # \u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u7a7a\u95f4\u91ca\u653e
                \ndf -h \/tmp # \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a7a\u95f4\u5df2\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n

                # 3. \u89c2\u5bdf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u53d8\u5316
                \nsmem -p -s pss | head -10 <\/p>\n

                \u4e03\u3001\u4e0b\u7bc7\u9884\u544a<\/h3>\n

                \u8fd9\u662f\u4e13\u680f\u7684\u5012\u6570\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u8fc7\u4e8650\u7bc7\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u4e60\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u7b2c1\u7bc7\u7684\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5b66Linux\u201d\u5230\u7b2c48\u7bc7\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528，\u4ece\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684cd\u3001ls\u547d\u4ee4\u5230\u5185\u6838\u51fd\u6570\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n

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