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Zone&#xff09;\u7684\u6545\u969c&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u5e38\u6001&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u3002Netflix\u610f\u8bc6\u5230&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5c06\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u642c\u5230\u4e91\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u5fcd\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u969c\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u201d\u7b56\u7565\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u5197\u4f59&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u90e8\u7f72\u591a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5931\u6548\u65f6&#xff0c;\u80fd\u5426\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5f39\u6027\u201d&#xff08;resilience&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5e76\u589e\u5f3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f39\u6027&#xff0c;Netflix\u57282011\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86Chaos Monkey&#xff08;\u6df7\u6c8c\u7334&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4&#xff1a;\u968f\u673a\u5730\u7ec8\u6b62\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684EC2\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u6ca1\u9519&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6b63\u5728\u89c2\u770b\u7535\u5f71\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u6b63\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u968f\u673a\u5730\u6740\u6b7b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u770b\u6765\u662f\u75af\u72c2\u7684&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u8574\u542b\u7740\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u54f2\u5b66&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3b\u52a8\u51fa\u51fb&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u88ab\u52a8\u9632\u5fa1&#xff1a; \u4e0e\u5176\u7b49\u5f85\u6545\u969c\u53d1\u751f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5982\u4e3b\u52a8\u5236\u9020\u6545\u969c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027&#xff1a; \u63a5\u53d7\u6545\u969c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u5b83\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5c06\u6545\u969c\u5e38\u6001\u5316&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u627f\u53d7\u968f\u673a\u6545\u969c&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6545\u969c\u53d1\u751f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u201c\u610f\u5916\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Chaos Monkey\u662fNetflix\u201cSimian Army\u201d&#xff08;\u733f\u7334\u519b\u56e2&#xff09;\u7684\u5148\u950b\u3002\u9664\u4e86Chaos Monkey&#xff0c;Netflix\u8fd8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u7334\u5b50\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Latency Monkey&#xff08;\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7334&#xff09;: \u6a21\u62df\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u6545\u969c&#xff0c;\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u54cd\u5e94\u7f13\u6162\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Conformity Monkey&#xff08;\u5408\u89c4\u7334&#xff09;: \u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u672a\u6253\u8865\u4e01\u7684\u673a\u5668&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Security Monkey&#xff08;\u5b89\u5168\u7334&#xff09;: \u68c0\u67e5\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u548c\u4e0d\u5f53\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Janitor Monkey&#xff08;\u6e05\u6d01\u5de5\u7334&#xff09;: \u6e05\u7406\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u9632\u6b62\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Doctor Monkey&#xff08;\u533b\u751f\u7334&#xff09;: \u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u662f&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u53d7\u63a7\u7684\u6df7\u4e71&#xff0c;\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f31\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u56e2\u961f\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u52a0\u5065\u58ee\u548c\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b&#xff1f;\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n<p>\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5&#xff0c;\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86Netflix\u6700\u521d\u7684\u201c\u6740\u6b7b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u201d\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u5b66\u79d1&#xff0c;\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d7\u63a7\u7684\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u5e72\u9884&#xff0c;\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u627f\u53d7\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6e4d\u6d41\u6761\u4ef6\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6545\u969c\u6ce8\u5165&#xff08;Fault Injection&#xff09;\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6545\u969c\u6ce8\u5165\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u6216\u9884\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5df2\u77e5\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6545\u969c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u800c\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u884c&#xff1a; \u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u53cd\u6620\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u8d28&#xff1a; \u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7834\u574f&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5047\u8bbe\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u89c6\u89d2&#xff1a; \u5173\u6ce8\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u6545\u969c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Principles of Chaos Engineering&#xff08;\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u539f\u5219&#xff09;\u7531Netflix\u3001Amazon\u3001Google\u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u5171\u540c\u63d0\u51fa&#xff0c;\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u7a33\u6001\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5047\u8bbe&#xff08;Hypothesize about steady-state behavior&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4efb\u4f55\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u7a33\u6001\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u6307\u6807\u6765\u8861\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387&#xff08;Service Level Indicator, SLI&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5e73\u5747\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;Latency&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u9519\u8bef\u7387<\/li>\n<li>\u541e\u5410\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387&#xff08;CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u7f51\u7edc&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4f60\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f&#xff1a;\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5f15\u5165\u6545\u969c\u540e&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a33\u6001\u6307\u6807\u4e5f\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u591a\u6837\u5316\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e8b\u4ef6&#xff08;Vary real-world events&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6545\u969c&#xff08;\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b95\u673a&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u6a21\u62df\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e8b\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u786c\u4ef6\u6545\u969c&#xff08;\u78c1\u76d8\u635f\u574f\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u9519\u8bef&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898&#xff08;\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u4e22\u5305\u3001\u5206\u533a\u3001\u5e26\u5bbd\u9650\u5236&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d&#xff08;CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001I\/O&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u6545\u969c&#xff08;\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9API\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;\u6d41\u91cf\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3001\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n<li>\u65f6\u949f\u6f02\u79fb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u63ed\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c&#xff08;Run experiments in production&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd9\u662f\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u4e5f\u6700\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u6700\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u6570\u636e&#xff1a; \u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u6a21\u62df\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u65b0\u9c9c\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb&#xff1a; \u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u62d3\u6251&#xff0c;\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e&#xff1a; \u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6700\u590d\u6742\u548c\u6700\u65b0\u7684&#xff0c;\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63ed\u793a\u672a\u77e5\u672a\u77e5&#xff1a; \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4ece\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u3001\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u6545\u969c\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53\u7136&#xff0c;\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9700\u8981\u6781\u5176\u8c28\u614e&#xff0c;\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c&#xff08;Automate experiments to run continuously&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5c06\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u96c6\u6210\u5230CI\/CD\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5176\u5f39\u6027\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u6301\u7eed\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u79ef\u7d2f\u6210\u5927\u6545\u969c\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u201c\u7206\u70b8\u534a\u5f84\u201d&#xff08;Minimize blast radius&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u53d7\u63a7\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u7206\u70b8\u534a\u5f84\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6570\u91cf\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5e94\u4ece\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u6237\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5173\u952e\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9010\u6b65\u6269\u5927\u8303\u56f4&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u59cb\u7ec8\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7d27\u6025\u505c\u6b62&#xff08;kill switch&#xff09;\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5931\u63a7\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<h4>4. \u5b9e\u65bd\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e13\u5bb6&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u7406\u8bba&#xff0c;\u66f4\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5b9e\u65bd\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u6d89\u53ca\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u6d41\u7a0b\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>4.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u7a33\u6001<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4efb\u4f55\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u73b0&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u65ad\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u5426\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807&#xff08;Metrics&#xff09;\u548c\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027&#xff08;Observability&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SLIs (Service Level Indicators): \u8861\u91cf\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\u7387&#xff1a;sum(rate(http_requests_total{status_code&#061;~&#034;2xx|3xx&#034;}[5m])) \/ sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m]))<\/li>\n<li>\u5ef6\u8fdf&#xff1a;histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by (le) (rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))) (99th percentile latency)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>SLOs (Service Level Objectives): \u57fa\u4e8eSLIs\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u201c99.9%\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\u7387\u201d\u6216\u201c99%\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728100ms\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>APM (Application Performance Monitoring): \u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982New Relic, Datadog, Dynatrace\u7b49&#xff0c;\u6536\u96c6\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff08;Logs&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ffd\u8e2a&#xff08;Distributed Tracing&#xff09;&#xff1a; Jaeger, Zipkin, OpenTelemetry\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u95f4\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u7684\u8017\u65f6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528Prometheus\/Grafana\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u7a33\u6001<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9bHTTP API\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0bPrometheus\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5176\u7a33\u6001&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p># \u7a33\u6001\u5047\u8bbe1: \u8fc7\u53bb5\u5206\u949f\u5185&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1A\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\u7387\u5e94\u9ad8\u4e8e99.5%<br \/>\n# \u6210\u529f\u8bf7\u6c42 (2xx\/3xx\u72b6\u6001\u7801)<br \/>\nhttp_requests_total{service&#061;&#034;service-A&#034;, status_code&#061;~&#034;2xx|3xx&#034;}<br \/>\n# \u603b\u8bf7\u6c42<br \/>\nhttp_requests_total{service&#061;&#034;service-A&#034;}<\/p>\n<p># \u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u7387 (\u5047\u8bbe\u5728Grafana\u4e2d\u663e\u793a)<br \/>\n(sum(rate(http_requests_total{service&#061;&#034;service-A&#034;, status_code&#061;~&#034;2xx|3xx&#034;}[5m]))<br \/>\n \/<br \/>\n sum(rate(http_requests_total{service&#061;&#034;service-A&#034;}[5m])))<br \/>\n* 100<\/p>\n<p># \u7a33\u6001\u5047\u8bbe2: \u8fc7\u53bb5\u5206\u949f\u5185&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1A\u768499th percentile\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u5e94\u4f4e\u4e8e200ms<br \/>\n# \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709http_request_duration_seconds_bucket\u6307\u6807<br \/>\nhistogram_quantile(0.99, sum by (le, service) (rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket{service&#061;&#034;service-A&#034;}[5m])))<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Grafana\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u53ef\u89c6\u5316&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u671f\u95f4\u5bc6\u5207\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684SLO&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>4.2 \u8bbe\u8ba1\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/h5>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u786e\u5b9a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a; \u4f60\u60f3\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5b95\u673a\u65f6&#xff0c;\u80fd\u5426\u4f18\u96c5\u964d\u7ea7\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u65b0\u8ba2\u5355&#xff1f;\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a33\u6001\u5047\u8bbe&#xff1a; \u201c\u5982\u679c\u5e93\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5b95\u673a&#xff0c;\u8ba2\u5355\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f4e\u4e8e90%&#xff0c;\u4e14\u9519\u8bef\u54cd\u5e94\u4f1a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u793a\u5e93\u5b58\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u9009\u62e9\u653b\u51fb\u5411\u91cf&#xff1a; \u5982\u4f55\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5e93\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5b95\u673a\u201d&#xff1f;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6740\u6b7b\u5e93\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3001\u963b\u6b62\u5176\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u4f7f\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u54cd\u5e94\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u786e\u5b9a\u7206\u70b8\u534a\u5f84&#xff1a; \u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\u591a\u5927&#xff1f;\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5e93\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1f;\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u6237&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\u51c6\u5907\u56de\u6eda\u673a\u5236&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5982\u4f55\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d&#xff1f;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u505c\u6b62\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u56de\u6eda\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u786e\u5b9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u6307\u6807&#xff1a; \u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u671f\u95f4&#xff0c;\u9664\u4e86\u7a33\u6001\u6307\u6807&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\u54ea\u4e9b\u6307\u6807&#xff1f;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u8ba2\u5355\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd0\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c&#xff1a; \u5c0f\u5fc3\u7ffc\u7ffc\u5730\u542f\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5206\u6790&#xff1a; \u76d1\u63a7\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6307\u6807&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u5f55\u73b0\u8c61&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u62a5\u544a&#xff1a; \u8bb0\u5f55\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u653b\u51fb\u5411\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u653b\u51fb\u7c7b\u578b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u670d\u52a1\u54cd\u5e94\u53d8\u6162\u3001\u5d29\u6e83\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u4e22\u5305\u3001DNS\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u670d\u52a1\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u65ad<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u5bb9\u5668<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u65f6\u949f\u6f02\u79fb<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u6539\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u5931\u6548\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u95ee\u9898<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u4f9d\u8d56\u670d\u52a1\u6545\u969c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u6a21\u62df\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9API\u6545\u969c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u5199\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u7a7f\u900f\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u79ef\u538b\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u52a8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fc7\u671f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>4.3 \u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u6846\u67b6<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u4eca&#xff0c;\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u65bd\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u811a\u672c\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u88681&#xff1a;\u4e3b\u6d41\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5de5\u5177\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5de5\u5177\u540d\u79f0\u7c7b\u578b\u76ee\u6807\u73af\u5883\/\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\u5f00\u6e90\/\u5546\u4e1a<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">Netflix Chaos Monkey<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7ec8\u6b62<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">AWS EC2\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff0c;Simian Army\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5f00\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">Gremlin<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5546\u4e1a\u5e73\u53f0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5168\u9762\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cd\u653b\u51fb&#xff08;\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u72b6\u6001&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8de8\u4e91\/Kubernetes\/\u88f8\u673a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5546\u4e1a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">Chaos Mesh<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">Kubernetes\u539f\u751f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u57fa\u4e8eCRD&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301Pod\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5185\u6838\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u6545\u969c\u6ce8\u5165&#xff0c;\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u80fd\u529b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5f00\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">LitmusChaos<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">Kubernetes\u539f\u751f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u57fa\u4e8eCRD&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cdKubernetes\u8d44\u6e90\u6545\u969c&#xff0c;\u63d0\u4f9b\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6a21\u677f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5f00\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">AWS Fault Injection Simulator (FIS)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u4e91\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">AWS\u539f\u751f&#xff0c;\u9488\u5bf9EC2\u3001RDS\u3001EKS\u7b49AWS\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u6a21\u62df\u5404\u79cd\u6545\u969c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5546\u4e1a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">Pumba<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">Docker\/Container<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u9488\u5bf9Docker\u5bb9\u5668&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6740\u6b7b\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u7b49<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5f00\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">ChaosBlade<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5f00\u6e90\u5de5\u5177<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u652f\u6301Kubernetes\u3001Docker\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6545\u969c\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align:left\">\u5f00\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u7b80\u5355\u6df7\u6c8c\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u51e0\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u624b\u52a8\u6ce8\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6545\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b1&#xff1a;Python\u811a\u672c\u6a21\u62dfCPU\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n<p>import os<br \/>\nimport sys<br \/>\nimport time<br \/>\nimport psutil # \u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5 pip install psutil<\/p>\n<p>def cpu_hog(duration_seconds):<br \/>\n    &#034;&#034;&#034;\u4f7fCPU\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fbe\u5230100%\u5229\u7528\u7387&#034;&#034;&#034;<br \/>\n    print(f&#034;Starting CPU hog for {duration_seconds} seconds&#8230;&#034;)<br \/>\n    end_time &#061; time.time() &#043; duration_seconds<br \/>\n    while time.time() &lt; end_time:<br \/>\n        # \u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af&#xff0c;\u5360\u7528CPU<br \/>\n        _ &#061; 1 &#043; 1<br \/>\n    print(&#034;CPU hog finished.&#034;)<\/p>\n<p>def memory_hog(size_mb, duration_seconds):<br \/>\n    &#034;&#034;&#034;\u5206\u914d\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185&#034;&#034;&#034;<br \/>\n    print(f&#034;Starting memory hog of {size_mb}MB for {duration_seconds} seconds&#8230;&#034;)<br \/>\n    try:<br \/>\n        # \u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58<br \/>\n        _ &#061; bytearray(size_mb * 1024 * 1024)<br \/>\n        print(f&#034;Allocated {size_mb}MB memory. Holding for {duration_seconds} seconds&#8230;&#034;)<br \/>\n        time.sleep(duration_seconds)<br \/>\n    except MemoryError:<br \/>\n        print(&#034;Failed to allocate memory, system might be low on RAM.&#034;)<br \/>\n    finally:<br \/>\n        print(&#034;Memory hog finished.&#034;)<\/p>\n<p>def main():<br \/>\n    if len(sys.argv) &lt; 3:<br \/>\n        print(&#034;Usage: python chaos_script.py &lt;attack_type&gt; &lt;duration_seconds&gt; [size_mb_for_memory]&#034;)<br \/>\n        print(&#034;  attack_type: &#039;cpu&#039; or &#039;memory&#039;&#034;)<br \/>\n        print(&#034;  duration_seconds: how long to run the attack (seconds)&#034;)<br \/>\n        print(&#034;  size_mb_for_memory: (only for memory attack) size in MB&#034;)<br \/>\n        sys.exit(1)<\/p>\n<p>    attack_type &#061; sys.argv[1]<br \/>\n    duration &#061; int(sys.argv[2])<\/p>\n<p>    if attack_type &#061;&#061; &#039;cpu&#039;:<br \/>\n        cpu_hog(duration)<br \/>\n    elif attack_type &#061;&#061; &#039;memory&#039;:<br \/>\n        if len(sys.argv) &lt; 4:<br \/>\n            print(&#034;Error: Memory attack requires size_mb_for_memory argument.&#034;)<br \/>\n            sys.exit(1)<br \/>\n        size_mb &#061; int(sys.argv[3])<br \/>\n        memory_hog(size_mb, duration)<br \/>\n    else:<br \/>\n        print(f&#034;Unknown attack type: {attack_type}&#034;)<br \/>\n        sys.exit(1)<\/p>\n<p>if __name__ &#061;&#061; &#034;__main__&#034;:<br \/>\n    main()<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>python chaos_script.py cpu 60&#xff1a;\u4f7fCPU\u6ee1\u8f7d60\u79d2\u3002<\/li>\n<li>python chaos_script.py memory 30 1024&#xff1a;\u5360\u75281GB\u5185\u5b5830\u79d2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b2&#xff1a;Bash\u811a\u672c\u6ce8\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf (Linux\u73af\u5883)<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u4f7f\u7528tc (traffic control) \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7f51\u5361\u6216IP\u5730\u5740\u6dfb\u52a0\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>#!\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n<p># \u5b9a\u4e49\u7f51\u5361\u63a5\u53e3<br \/>\nINTERFACE&#061;&#034;eth0&#034; # \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u540d<\/p>\n<p># \u5b9a\u4e49\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\u6216\u7f51\u6bb5 (\u53ef\u9009)<br \/>\n# \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u5219\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u51fa\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf\u751f\u6548<br \/>\nTARGET_IP&#061;&#034;&#034; # \u4f8b\u5982 &#034;192.168.1.100&#034; \u6216 &#034;10.0.0.0\/8&#034;<\/p>\n<p># \u5b9a\u4e49\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4 (\u6beb\u79d2)<br \/>\nLATENCY_MS&#061;200<\/p>\n<p># \u5b9a\u4e49\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4 (\u79d2)<br \/>\nDURATION_SECONDS&#061;60<\/p>\n<p># &#8212; \u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49 &#8212;<\/p>\n<p>function add_latency() {<br \/>\n    echo &#034;Adding ${LATENCY_MS}ms latency for ${DURATION_SECONDS} seconds on ${INTERFACE}&#8230;&#034;<\/p>\n<p>    # 1. \u6e05\u9664\u65e7\u7684\u89c4\u5219 (\u4ee5\u9632\u4e07\u4e00)<br \/>\n    sudo tc qdisc del dev &#034;$INTERFACE&#034; root &amp;&gt;\/dev\/null<\/p>\n<p>    # 2. \u6dfb\u52a0\u6839\u961f\u5217\u89c4\u5219 (htb &#8211; Hierarchical Token Bucket)<br \/>\n    sudo tc qdisc add dev &#034;$INTERFACE&#034; root handle 1: htb default 12<\/p>\n<p>    # 3. \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ef6\u8fdf<br \/>\n    if [ -z &#034;$TARGET_IP&#034; ]; then<br \/>\n        # \u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u91cf\u6dfb\u52a0\u5ef6\u8fdf<br \/>\n        sudo tc class add dev &#034;$INTERFACE&#034; parent 1: classid 1:12 htb rate 1000mbit<br \/>\n        sudo tc qdisc add dev &#034;$INTERFACE&#034; parent 1:12 netem delay &#034;${LATENCY_MS}ms&#034;<br \/>\n        echo &#034;Latency added to all outgoing traffic on ${INTERFACE}.&#034;<br \/>\n    else<br \/>\n        # \u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9aIP\u6dfb\u52a0\u5ef6\u8fdf<br \/>\n        sudo tc class add dev &#034;$INTERFACE&#034; parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate 1000mbit<br \/>\n        sudo tc qdisc add dev &#034;$INTERFACE&#034; parent 1:1 netem delay &#034;${LATENCY_MS}ms&#034;<br \/>\n        sudo tc filter add dev &#034;$INTERFACE&#034; protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 u32 match ip dst &#034;$TARGET_IP&#034; flowid 1:1<br \/>\n        echo &#034;Latency added to outgoing traffic for ${TARGET_IP} on ${INTERFACE}.&#034;<br \/>\n    fi<\/p>\n<p>    echo &#034;Waiting for ${DURATION_SECONDS} seconds&#8230;&#034;<br \/>\n    sleep &#034;$DURATION_SECONDS&#034;<\/p>\n<p>    echo &#034;Removing latency&#8230;&#034;<br \/>\n    sudo tc qdisc del dev &#034;$INTERFACE&#034; root<br \/>\n    echo &#034;Latency removed.&#034;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>function cleanup() {<br \/>\n    echo &#034;Performing cleanup: Removing any existing tc rules on ${INTERFACE}&#8230;&#034;<br \/>\n    sudo tc qdisc del dev &#034;$INTERFACE&#034; root &amp;&gt;\/dev\/null<br \/>\n    echo &#034;Cleanup complete.&#034;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p># &#8212; \u4e3b\u903b\u8f91 &#8212;<br \/>\ntrap cleanup EXIT # \u786e\u4fdd\u811a\u672c\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u6e05\u7406<\/p>\n<p>if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then<br \/>\n   echo &#034;This script must be run as root&#034;<br \/>\n   exit 1<br \/>\nfi<\/p>\n<p>add_latency<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3anetwork_chaos.sh&#xff0c;\u5e76 chmod &#043;x network_chaos.sh\u3002<\/li>\n<li>sudo .\/network_chaos.sh&#xff1a;\u5bf9eth0\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u6240\u6709\u51fa\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf\u589e\u52a0200ms\u5ef6\u8fdf&#xff0c;\u6301\u7eed60\u79d2\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539TARGET_IP\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807IP\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b3&#xff1a;Chaos Mesh YAML\u914d\u7f6e (Kubernetes\u73af\u5883)<\/p>\n<p>Chaos Mesh \u662f Kubernetes \u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;CRD&#xff09;\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aChaos Mesh\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684YAML\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673aPod\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6ce8\u51655\u79d2\u949f\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>apiVersion: chaos-mesh.org\/v1alpha1<br \/>\nkind: PodChaos<br \/>\nmetadata:<br \/>\n  name: cpu-pressure-experiment<br \/>\n  namespace: chaos-testing # \u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<br \/>\nspec:<br \/>\n  action: cpu-burn # \u653b\u51fb\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a;CPU\u70e7\u6bc1<br \/>\n  mode: one # \u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2aPod\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u51fb<br \/>\n  duration: &#034;5s&#034; # \u653b\u51fb\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4<br \/>\n  selector:<br \/>\n    namespaces:<br \/>\n      &#8211; default # \u76ee\u6807Pod\u6240\u5728\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<br \/>\n    labelSelectors:<br \/>\n      app: my-service # \u76ee\u6807Pod\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u9009\u62e9\u5668<br \/>\n  containerNames:<br \/>\n    &#8211; my-service-container # \u5982\u679cPod\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668&#xff0c;\u6307\u5b9a\u653b\u51fb\u54ea\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668<br \/>\n  value: &#034;100&#034; # CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u767e\u5206\u6bd4&#xff0c;&#034;100&#034; \u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6ee1\u8f7d<br \/>\n  # stressngProcess: 1 # (\u53ef\u9009) \u542f\u52a8\u591a\u5c11\u4e2astress-ng\u8fdb\u7a0b, \u9ed8\u8ba41<br \/>\n  # timeout: &#034;10s&#034; # (\u53ef\u9009) \u6ce8\u5165\u6545\u969c\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684Kubernetes\u96c6\u7fa4\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5Chaos Mesh\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0YAML\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3acpu-chaos.yaml\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7 kubectl apply -f cpu-chaos.yaml \u90e8\u7f72\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528kubectl get podchaos -n chaos-testing \u67e5\u770b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u76d1\u63a7default\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2dapp: my-service\u6807\u7b7e\u7684Pod\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u6ce8\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f60\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>4.4 \u96c6\u6210\u4e0e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/h5>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u878d\u5165\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96c6\u6210\u5230CI\/CD&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9884\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883&#xff1a; \u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u5728\u9884\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u5957\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5931\u8d25&#xff0c;\u5219\u963b\u6b62\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883&#xff1a; \u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u4f4e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3aCI\/CD\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u540e\u671f\u9636\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u89e6\u53d1&#xff0c;\u6301\u7eed\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u5176\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bcf\u5929\u968f\u673a\u6740\u6b7b1%\u7684\u975e\u5173\u952e\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcf\u5468\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u533a\u5185\u6a21\u62df\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a10\u5206\u949f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u79cd\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u201c\u5fae\u7834\u574f\u201d\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u56e2\u961f\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u6545\u969c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u59cb\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e\u5f39\u6027\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>5. \u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u4e0e\u6311\u6218<\/h4>\n<h5>5.1 \u663e\u8457\u7684\u6536\u76ca<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f39\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u9760\u6027&#xff1a; \u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u5f31\u70b9&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u62b5\u5fa1\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6545\u969c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u901f\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u4e0e\u6062\u590d&#xff08;MTTR&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u56e2\u961f\u5728\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ec3\u4e60\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u3002\u5f53\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6545\u969c\u53d1\u751f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c&#xff0c;\u54cd\u5e94\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53d1\u73b0\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f31\u70b9&#xff1a; \u8bb8\u591a\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u6545\u969c\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u66b4\u9732&#xff0c;\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f18\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff1a; \u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u67b6\u6784\u5e08\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u5177\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51b3\u7b56&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u5b9e\u65bd\u65ad\u8def\u5668\u3001\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u6574\u5f62\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u589e\u5f3a\u56e2\u961f\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4e0e\u6587\u5316&#xff1a; \u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6545\u969c\u662f\u5e38\u6001\u201d\u7684\u6587\u5316&#xff0c;\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u52a8\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6539\u5584\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027&#xff1a; \u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4f1a\u63d0\u5347\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u81ea\u52a8\u4f38\u7f29\u548c\u81ea\u6108\u80fd\u529b&#xff1a; \u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u81ea\u52a8\u4f38\u7f29\u7ec4\u3001Kubernetes\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u7b49\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u673a\u5236\u5728\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>5.2 \u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u6210\u719f\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u544a\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a; \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u76d1\u63a7&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u65ad\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u505c\u6b62\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u56e2\u961f\u4e70\u5355\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u8f6c\u53d8&#xff1a; \u8bb8\u591a\u56e2\u961f\u5bf9\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u201c\u641e\u7834\u574f\u201d\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u5c42\u652f\u6301\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u4e0e\u6267\u884c&#xff1a; \u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5e76\u975e\u968f\u610f\u7834\u574f&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6545\u969c\u98ce\u9669&#xff1a; \u5373\u4f7f\u518d\u5c0f\u5fc3&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5931\u63a7\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u59cb\u7ec8\u8981\u6709\u7d27\u6025\u505c\u6b62&#xff08;kill switch&#xff09;\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u6eda\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8861\u91cfROI\u7684\u96be\u5ea6&#xff1a; \u5f39\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u9669&#xff0c;\u5f88\u96be\u76f4\u63a5\u8861\u91cf\u5176\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u3002\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6545\u969c\u90fd\u662f\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027&#xff1a; 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Monkey&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u73b0\u5728&#xff0c;\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u201c\u7834\u574f\u201d&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u201c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5047\u8bbe\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u878d\u5165\u201c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u201d\u548c\u201c\u81ea\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6df7\u6c8c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u65f6&#xff0c;\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7167\u9884\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ece\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u6545\u969c\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u5de5\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4ecd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7. 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