OpenAPI-to-MCP Bridge\u00a0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684 Python Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u65e8\u5728\u6253\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b（LLM）Agent \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u58c1\u5792\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u62c9\u53d6\u73b0\u6709\u7684 Spring Boot \u5e94\u7528\u751f\u6210\u7684 OpenAPI (Swagger) \u89c4\u8303，\u5b9e\u65f6\u89e3\u6790\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u7ea6\u675f\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u518c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u00a0Model Context Protocol (MCP)\u00a0\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5de5\u5177（Tools）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u9879\u76ee，\u4f60\u7684 LLM Agent \u65e0\u9700\u4efb\u4f55\u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e，\u5373\u53ef\u201c\u7406\u89e3\u201d\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7684 RESTful API，\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u6307\u4ee4\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56：<\/p>\n
pip install fastmcp httpx prance openapi-spec-validator <\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668：<\/p>\n
python main.py –base-url http:\/\/localhost:8080 <\/p>\n
\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u8f7d\u00a0http:\/\/localhost:8080\/v3\/api-docs\u00a0\u5e76\u5728\u00a00.0.0.0:8000\u00a0\u542f\u52a8 MCP \u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u5bfc\u5165\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e93
\nimport json
\nimport httpx
\nfrom fastmcp import FastMCP
\nimport prance # \u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790\u548c dereference OpenAPI spec<\/p>\n
# — \u4f7f\u7528 prance \u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u6790 OpenAPI spec —
\ndef load_and_resolve_openapi_spec(source: str) -> dict:
\n """
\n \u4ece URL \u6216\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d OpenAPI spec，\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u6790\u6240\u6709 $ref \u5f15\u7528（dereference）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u3001\u65e0 $ref \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5b57\u5178\u3002
\n """
\n parser = prance.ResolvingParser(
\n source,
\n strict=False, # \u5bbd\u677e\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5bb9\u5fcd\u90e8\u5206\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u5b57\u6bb5
\n backend="openapi-spec-validator"
\n )
\n return parser.specification<\/p>\n
# — \u7b80\u5316\u540e\u7684 schema_to_example（\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981 resolve \u903b\u8f91）—
\ndef schema_to_example(schema: dict, depth: int = 0, max_depth: int = 4):
\n if depth > max_depth or not isinstance(schema, dict):
\n return None<\/p>\n
# OpenAPI example\/enum\/default \u4f18\u5148
\n if "example" in schema:
\n return schema["example"]
\n if "default" in schema:
\n return schema["default"]
\n if "enum" in schema and schema["enum"]:
\n return schema["enum"][0]<\/p>\n
# \u5904\u7406 oneOf \/ anyOf：\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a（\u4e3a\u4e86\u793a\u4f8b\u7a33\u5b9a）
\n for key in ("oneOf", "anyOf"):
\n if key in schema and schema[key]:
\n return schema_to_example(schema[key][0], depth, max_depth)<\/p>\n
t = schema.get("type")
\n fmt = schema.get("format")<\/p>\n
if t == "string" or (t is None and "properties" not in schema and "items" not in schema):
\n if fmt in ("date-time", "datetime"):
\n return "2026-02-06T12:00:00Z"
\n if fmt == "date":
\n return "2026-02-06"
\n if fmt == "uuid":
\n return "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
\n return "string"<\/p>\n
if t == "integer":
\n return 0
\n if t == "number":
\n return 0.0
\n if t == "boolean":
\n return True<\/p>\n
if t == "array":
\n item_schema = schema.get("items", {})
\n return [schema_to_example(item_schema, depth + 1, max_depth)]<\/p>\n
# object \u7c7b\u578b
\n if t == "object" or "properties" in schema or "additionalProperties" in schema:
\n obj = {}
\n props = schema.get("properties") or {}
\n required = set(schema.get("required", []))<\/p>\n
# \u5148\u586b required \u5b57\u6bb5
\n for name in required:
\n if name in props:
\n obj[name] = schema_to_example(props[name], depth + 1, max_depth)<\/p>\n
# \u518d\u8865 1~2 \u4e2a optional \u5b57\u6bb5（\u907f\u514d\u793a\u4f8b\u592a\u7b80\u5355）
\n optional_count = 0
\n for name, ps in props.items():
\n if name in obj:
\n continue
\n obj[name] = schema_to_example(ps, depth + 1, max_depth)
\n optional_count += 1
\n if optional_count >= 2:
\n break<\/p>\n
# additionalProperties \u652f\u6301
\n addl = schema.get("additionalProperties")
\n if isinstance(addl, dict):
\n obj.setdefault("exampleKey", schema_to_example(addl, depth + 1, max_depth))<\/p>\n
return obj<\/p>\n
return None<\/p>\n
def build_request_body_example(spec: dict, details: dict):
\n rb = details.get("requestBody") or {}
\n content = rb.get("content") or {}
\n app_json = content.get("application\/json") or {}
\n schema = app_json.get("schema")
\n if not schema:
\n return None
\n return schema_to_example(schema)<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa FastMCP \u5b9e\u4f8b
\nmcp = FastMCP(name="OpenAPI Bridge", instructions="Expose OpenAPI endpoints as MCP tools")<\/p>\n
def register_openapi_tools(spec: dict, base_url: str):
\n paths = spec.get("paths", {})<\/p>\n
for path, methods in paths.items():
\n for method, details in methods.items():
\n if method not in ["get", "post", "put", "delete"]:
\n continue<\/p>\n
operation_id = details.get("operationId", f"{method}_{path.replace('\/', '_').strip('_')}")
\n description = details.get("summary", details.get("description", ""))<\/p>\n
# \u63d0\u53d6 path\/query \u53c2\u6570
\n parameters = details.get("parameters", [])
\n param_defs = []
\n for p in parameters:
\n if p.get("in") not in ("path", "query"):
\n continue
\n name = p.get("name")
\n if not name:
\n continue
\n required = bool(p.get("required", False)) or p.get("in") == "path"
\n param_defs.append((name, required))<\/p>\n
# \u53bb\u91cd（\u4fdd\u7559\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0）
\n seen = set()
\n unique_param_defs = []
\n for n, r in param_defs:
\n if n not in seen:
\n seen.add(n)
\n unique_param_defs.append((n, r))
\n param_defs = unique_param_defs<\/p>\n
# requestBody \u793a\u4f8b
\n body_example = build_request_body_example(spec, details)<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa docstring
\n doc_parts = [f"{description}\\\\n"]
\n if body_example is not None:
\n doc_parts.append("\\\\n \u793a\u4f8b\u5165\u53c2(JSON body):")
\n doc_parts.append(
\n " " + json.dumps(body_example, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2).replace("\\\\n", "\\\\n "))<\/p>\n
responses = details.get("responses", {})
\n success_resp = responses.get("200") or responses.get("201") or {}
\n if success_resp:
\n desc = success_resp.get("description", "API \u8c03\u7528\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6587\u672c\u3002")
\n doc_parts.append(f"\\\\n Returns:\\\\n str: {desc}")<\/p>\n
dynamic_docstring = "".join(doc_parts)<\/p>\n
# \u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u5de5\u5177\u51fd\u6570
\n def make_tool(p=path, m=method, url=base_url, _param_defs=None, _has_body=False):
\n _param_defs = _param_defs or []<\/p>\n
lines = ["async def tool_func("]
\n for name, required in _param_defs:
\n if required:
\n lines.append(f" {name},")
\n else:
\n lines.append(f" {name}=None,")
\n if _has_body:
\n lines.append(" body=None,\\\\n")
\n lines.append(") -> str:\\\\n")
\n lines.append(" import httpx\\\\n")
\n lines.append(" async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:\\\\n")
\n lines.append(f" full_url = f\\\\"{url}{p}\\\\"\\\\n")<\/p>\n
# \u66ff\u6362\u8def\u5f84\u53c2\u6570
\n for name, _ in _param_defs:
\n placeholder = f"{{{name}}}"
\n if placeholder in p:
\n lines.append(f" full_url = full_url.replace('{placeholder}', str({name}))\\\\n")<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa query \u53c2\u6570
\n lines.append(" params = {}\\\\n")
\n for name, _ in _param_defs:
\n placeholder = f"{{{name}}}"
\n if placeholder not in p: # \u4e0d\u662f path \u53c2\u6570 \u2192 \u662f query
\n lines.append(f" if {name} is not None:\\\\n")
\n lines.append(f" params['{name}'] = {name}\\\\n")<\/p>\n
# \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42
\n lines.append(f" method = '{m}'.upper()\\\\n")
\n if m.lower() == "get":
\n lines.append(" resp = await client.get(full_url, params=params)\\\\n")
\n else:
\n if _has_body:
\n lines.append(
\n " resp = await client.request(method, full_url, params=params, json=body)\\\\n")
\n else:
\n lines.append(" resp = await client.request(method, full_url, params=params)\\\\n")
\n lines.append(" return resp.text\\\\n")<\/p>\n
ns = {}
\n print("—————-")
\n print("".join(lines))
\n print("—————-")
\n exec("".join(lines), ns, ns)
\n return ns["tool_func"]<\/p>\n
tool = make_tool(_param_defs=param_defs, _has_body=(body_example is not None))
\n tool.__name__ = operation_id
\n tool.__doc__ = dynamic_docstring
\n mcp.tool(name=operation_id, description=dynamic_docstring)(tool)<\/p>\n
import argparse<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":
\n parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="\u542f\u52a8 MCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e76\u6ce8\u518c OpenAPI \u5de5\u5177")
\n parser.add_argument(
\n "–base-url",
\n type=str,
\n required=True,
\n help="API \u7684\u57fa\u7840 URL（\u4f8b\u5982 http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080）"
\n )
\n args = parser.parse_args()<\/p>\n
openapi_url = f"{args.base_url.rstrip('\/')}\/v3\/api-docs"<\/p>\n
print("Loading and resolving OpenAPI spec…")
\n spec = load_and_resolve_openapi_spec(openapi_url)<\/p>\n
print("Registering tools…")
\n register_openapi_tools(spec, args.base_url)<\/p>\n
print("Starting MCP server on http:\/\/0.0.0.0:8000 (SSE transport)…")
\n mcp.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, transport="sse") <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
📝 \u9879\u76ee\u4ecb\u7ecd (Project Description)
\n\u7b80\u4ecb
\nOpenAPI-to-MCP Bridge\u00a0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684 Python Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u65e8\u5728\u6253\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b（LLM）Agent \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u58c1\u5792\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u62c9\u53d6\u73b0\u6709\u7684 Spring Boot \u5e94\u7528\u751f\u6210\u7684 OpenAPI (Swagger) \u89c4\u8303，\u5b9e\u65f6\u89e3\u6790\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u7ea6\u675f\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u518c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u00a0Model<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[73,98,292,43],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-82787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-mcp","tag-spring-boot","tag-292","tag-43"],"yoast_head":"\n